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The computer program ETABS and all associated documentation are proprietary and copyrighted products. Worldwide rights of ownership rest with Computers and Structures, Inc. Unlicensed use of the program or reproduction of the documentation in any form, without prior written authorization from Computers and Structures, Inc., is explicitly prohibited. Further information and copies of this documentation may be obtained from: Computers and Structures, Inc. 1995 University Avenue Berkeley, California 94704 USA Phone: (510) 845-2177 FAX: (510) 845-4096 e-mail: info@csiberkeley.com (for general questions) e-mail: support@csiberkeley.com (for technical support questions) web: www.csiberkeley.com
Copyright Computers and Structures, Inc., 1978-2002. The CSI Logo is a trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. ETABS is a trademark of Computers and Structures, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated
DISCLAIMER
CONSIDERABLE TIME, EFFORT AND EXPENSE HAVE GONE INTO THE DEVELOPMENT AND DOCUMENTATION OF ETABS. THE PROGRAM HAS BEEN THOROUGHLY TESTED AND USED. IN USING THE PROGRAM, HOWEVER, THE USER ACCEPTS AND UNDERSTANDS THAT NO WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY THE DEVELOPERS OR THE DISTRIBUTORS ON THE ACCURACY OR THE RELIABILITY OF THE PROGRAM. THIS PROGRAM IS A VERY PRACTICAL TOOL FOR THE DESIGN/CHECK OF STEEL STRUCTURES. HOWEVER, THE USER MUST THOROUGHLY READ THE MANUAL AND CLEARLY RECOGNIZE THE ASPECTS OF COMPOSITE DESIGN THAT THE PROGRAM ALGORITHMS DO NOT ADDRESS. THE USER MUST EXPLICITLY UNDERSTAND THE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE PROGRAM AND MUST INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE RESULTS.
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Output Data Plotted Directly on the Model Overview 4-1 Labels Displayed on the Model 4-2 Design Data 4-3 Stress Ratios 4-4 Deflection Ratios 4-5 Input Data General Using the Print Composite Beam Design Tables Form Material Properties Input Data Section Properties Input Data Deck Properties Input Data Design Preferences Input Data Beam Overwrites Input Data Output Data Overview Using the Print Composite Beam Design Tables Form Summary of Composite Beam Output Composite Beam Properties Beam Properties Metal Deck and Slab Properties Shear Stud Properties Cover Plates
Effective Width of Concrete Slab Location Where Effective Slab Width is Checked 8-1 Multiple Deck Types or Directions Along the Beam Length 8-2 Effect of Diagonal Beams on Effective Slab Width 8-6
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Effect of Openings on Effective Slab Width Effective Slab Width and Transformed Section Properties 9 Beam Unbraced Length Overview Determination of the Braced Points of a Beam User-Defined Unbraced Length of a Beam Overview User-Specified Uniform and Point Bracing Design Check Locations Design Load Combinations Overview Special Live Load Patterning for Cantilever Back Spans Special Live Load Patterning for Continuous Spans Beam Deflection and Camber Deflection Camber Beam Vibration Overview Vibration Frequency Murray's Minimum Damping Requirement Initial Displacement Amplitude Effective Number of Beams Resisting Heel Drop Impact References
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Distribution of Shear Studs on a Composite Beam Overview 13-1 Composite Beam Segments 13-1
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Transformed Section Moment of Inertia Background 20-2 Properties of Steel Beam (Plus Cover Plate) Alone 20-4 Properties of the Composite Section General Calculation Method 20-7 Equivalent Hand Calculation Method to Calculate the Distance ye 20-10 Background Equations 20-11 Hand Calculation Process for ye 20-17 Equivalent Hand Calculation Method to Calculate the Composite Properties 20-18 Elastic Stresses with Partial Composite Connection Effective Moment of Inertia for Partial Composite Connection 21-1 Effective Section Modulus Referred to the Extreme Tension Fiber 21-2 Location of the ENA for Partial Composite Connection 21-3 Steel Section Stresses for Partial Composite Connection 21-5 Concrete Slab Stresses for Partial Composite Connection 21-6 Allowable Bending Stresses General
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Allowable Bending Stress for Steel Beam Alone Allowable Bending Stresses for Positive Bending in the Composite Beam 23 Bending Stress Checks Bending Stress Checks Without Composite Action Positive Moment in a Composite Beam Important Notes Regarding Unshored Composite Beams Steel Stress Checks Concrete Stress Checks Beam Shear Checks Shear Stress Check Typical Case Slender Web Copes Shear Rupture Check Limitations of Shear Check Shear Studs Overview Shear Stud Connectors Reduction Factor when Metal Deck is Perpendicular to Beam Reduction Factor when Metal Deck is Parallel to Beam Horizontal Shear for Full Composite Connection Number of Shear Studs Between the Output Station with Maximum Moment and the Point of Zero Moment Between Other Output Stations and Points of Zero Moment
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Deck Tab Shear Studs Tab Deflection Tab Vibration Tab Miscellaneous Tab 32 Design Load Combinations Strength Check for Construction Loads Strength Check for Final Loads Deflection Check for Final Loads Reference 31-9 31-10 31-12 31-13 31-14
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Compact and Noncompact Requirements Overview 33-1 Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratios for Flanges 33-2 Compact Section Limits for Flanges 33-2 Noncompact Section Limits for Flanges 33-2 Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratios for Webs 33-3 Compact Section Limits for Webs 33-3 Noncompact Section Limits for Webs 33-4 Limiting Width-to-Thickness Ratios for Cover Plates 33-5 Compact Section Limits for Cover Plates 33-5 Noncompact Section Limits for Cover Plates 33-6 Composite Plastic Moment Capacity for Positive Bending Overview 34-1 Location of the Plastic Neutral Axis 34-2 PNA in the Concrete Slab Above the Steel Beam 34-5 PNA within the Beam Top Flange 34-8 PNA within the Beam Top Fillet 34-9 PNA within the Beam Web 34-10
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Composite Section Elastic Moment Capacity Positive Moment Capacity with an Elastic Stress Distribution 35-1 Moment Capacity for Steel Section Alone Overview 36-1 Steel Beam Properties 36-1 Moment Capacity for a Doubly Symmetric Beam or a Channel Section 36-2 Lateral Unbraced Length Checks 36-3 Yielding Criteria in AISC-LRFD93 Section F1.1 36-5 Lateral Torsional Buckling Criteria in AISC-LRFD93 Section F1.2a 36-5 AISC-LFRD Appendix F1(b) Equation A-F1-3 46-5 Moment Capacity for a Singly Symmetric Beam with a Compact Web 36-7 AISC-LFRD93 Equation A-F1-1 for WLB 36-8 AISC-FLRD93 Equation A-F1-1 for FLB 36-8 AISC-FLRD93 Equation A-F1-3 for FLB 36-9 AISC-FLRD93 Equation A-F1-1 for LTB 36-9 AISC-FLRD93 Equation A-F1-2 for LTB 36-10 Moment Capacity for a Singly Symmetric Beam with a Noncompact Web 36-11
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AISC-LFRD93 Equation A-F1-3 for WLB 37
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Partial Composite Connection with a Plastic Stress Distribution Estimating the Required Percent Composite Connection 37-1 Calculating MPFconc 37-2 Location of PNA 37-3 Determining the Effective Portion of the Concrete Slab 37-4 Moment Capacity of a Partially Composite Beam with a Plastic Stress Distribution 37-6 Bending and Deflection Checks Bending Check Locations Bending Check Deflection Check Shear Connectors Shear Stud Connectors Horizontal Shear for Full Composite Connection Number of Shear Connectors Between Maximum Moment and Point of Zero Moment Between Point Load and Point of Zero Moment Beam Shear Capacity Shear Capacity Checking the Beam Shear Limitations of Beam Shear Check Input Data Beam Overwrites Input
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Technical Note 1
Design Codes
The design code is set using the Options menu > Preferences > Composite Beam Design command. You can choose to design for any one design code in any one design run. You cannot design some beams for one code and others for a different code in the same design run. You can however perform different design runs using different design codes without rerunning the analysis.
Units
For composite beam design in this program, any set of consistent units can be used for input. Typically, design codes are based on one specific set of units. The documentation in the Composite Beam Design series of Technical Notes is presented in kip-inch-seconds units unless otherwise noted. Again, any system of units can be used to define and design a building in the program. You can change the system of units at any time using the pull-down menu on the Status Bar or pull-down menu on individual forms where available. Note: You can use any set of units in composite beam design and you can change the units "on the fly."
Design Codes
Technical Note 1 - 1
built-in program section database, or they can be user defined. The userdefined sections can be specified using the Define menu > Frame Sections command and clicking either the Add I/Wide Flange or the Add Channel option. Note that beam sections that are defined in Section Designer are always treated as general sections. Thus, if you define an I-type or channel-type section in Section Designer, the program will consider it as a general section, not an I-shaped or channel-shaped section, and will not allow it to be designed as a composite beam. Note: Beam sections defined in the section designer utility cannot be designed as composite beams.
Technical Note 1 - 2
shears will still be correct but the design performed by the Composite Beam Design processor probably will not be correct.