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ACID.
The pH value for acid can be determine by 2 factor. The factor are:
(a) degree of dissociation
(b) molarity
In the same molarity, pH of given acid depend on the degree of the dissociation
more highest the degree of dissociation of acid, more lower its pH and more strongest the
acid
pH= 14-pOH
pH= -log ( H+)
We used this knowledge/ concept of thie equation to find the pH of the acid.
TERMINOLOGY.
Acid: An acid (from the Latin acidus meaning sour) is traditionally considered any
chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion
activity greater than in pure water, i.e. a pH less than 7.0. That approximates the modern
definition of Johannes Nicolaus Brønsted and Martin Lowry, who independently defined
an acid as a compound which donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to another compound (called a
base). Common examples include acetic acid (in vinegar) and sulfuric acid (used in car
batteries). Acid/base systems are different from redox reactions in that there is no change
in oxidation state. Acids can occur in solid, liquid or gaseous form, depending on the
temperature. They can exist as pure substances or in solution.
Weak acid: Only partially dissociates in aqueos solution and therefore exist in the
solution as mixture of acid molecule and and their constituent ions. The conjugate
conjugate base of weak acid show a slight ability to remove proton from water.(The
conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base)
Strong acid: completely transfer its proton to water, leaving no undissociated molecule
in the solution. Its conjugate base has a negligible tendency to be protonated ( to abstract
proton) in aqueous solution.
Molarity: Molarity (M/ dm-3) express the concentration of a solution as the number of
moles of solute in a liter solution
ENGAGE
THE POWER OF DEGREE DISSOCAITION
You are given the same solution of acid but the pH value are different from each
other.Observe the pictures carefully.
EMPOWER
Steps
1, Student are given:
- pH meter
- beaker
- measuring cylinder
- hydrochloric acid 1.00 mol dm-3, 0.1 mol dm-3, 0.01mol dm-3, and 0.001 mol
dm-3
QUESTION
From the graph and your reading:
(a) Explain the relationship between the pH value and the molarity of acid
(b) Explain the shape of the graph.
(c) What you can say about degree of dissociation in this graph?
(d) How can the pH of a solution be determined?
(e) What are the properties of acids?
(e) Which solution is more acidic, one with a pH of 1or another with a pH of 3?
ANSWER
(a) The lowest its molarity the highest its pH
(b) The shape of the graph the order of strength of acid are reverse with its
molarity.
(c) The highest pH of acid more highest the degree of dissociation
(d) pH can be measured with a pH meter (electronically) or with indicators such as
litmus.
(e) The solution with a pH of 1 is more acidic than one with a pH of 3.
ENHANCE
What you can say about the pH of this substance?
Answer:
The ph of this substance are different from each other. More highest the degree of
dissociation of acid in water more lowest its pH and more acidic the acid and vise
versa.
Batteries water are most acidic because it contain the sulfuric acid, while other
substance has low pH value.