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VEDIC SOCIETY - SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8

VEDIC SOCIETY LEARN AYURVEDA CHARAKA SAMHITA SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8 BROWSE

SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8

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CHAPTER 8

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8. 1-2. We shall henceforth expound on the chapter about 'The treatment of the sense organs'. Thus spake lord treya:

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8.3. There are five senses, five materials of the senses, five abodes of the senses, five sense objects and five sense perceptions.

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8.4. Mind on the other hand transcends the senses. Some call it 'sattva' and others 'ceta'. Its action which moves (all) the senses, depends on the self.

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8.5. In one and the same person, the mind can be both one and many due to the deviation of the will and sense objects percieved, and due to mixtue with the three gunas of sattva, rajas and tamas. And yet, there is no manifoldness. The mind does not operate through many senses at one time. Therefore all the senses don't function at one time.

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all the senses don't function at one time.

VEDIC SOCIETY - SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8

lunar phases

8.6. The sages teach that the mind has the gua which is constant to a person due to predominance of that gua (in him).

8.7. When the senses come before the mind then they are capable of perceiving objects.

8.8. The five senses are visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory and tactile.

8.9. The materials of the five senses are ether, wind, light, water and earth.

8.10. The abodes of the five senses are the eyes, the two ears, the two nostrils, the tongue and the skin.

8.11. The objects of sense are five - sound, touch, form, taste and smell.

8.12. There are five kinds of sense perception, i.e. visual, tactile, auditory, gustatory and olfactory. These are again due to the relation of the senses, their objects, the mind and the self. They are momentary and determinative. This covers all the groups of five.

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VEDIC SOCIETY - SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8

8.13. The mind, the objects of the mind, the intellect and the self make up the spiritual qualities and elements. They are the cause behind doing or refraining from doing pure and impure deeds. Action is said to be dependant on the material thing (with which the act is done).

8.14. The senses are to be inferred and consist of the five great elements. Fire relates to the eyes, ether to the ears, and water to the tongue and wind to the skin. Whatever is the nature of the sense, that object of the same nature is perceived by the sense due to omnipresence (of the elements).

8.15. The senses with the mind get vitiated due to excess use, non-use and wrong use of the objects; this affects its perceptions. But again, (when) due to correct use, it is restored, then the sense perception is increased.

8.16. Thinking is the object of the mind. The causes of the normal and abnormal state of mind are due to the balanced use, excess use, non-use and wrong use of the mind and intellect.

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VEDIC SOCIETY - SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8

8.17. One should make an effort to keep the senses along with the mind that are not affected (by anything) in a normal condition. This is done by right performance of actions after correctly considering with the intellect along with the sense objects (the pros and cos) and by resorting to the opposite guas, the self, time and space. Therefore, one who desires ones own good should always perform noble deeds with the help of the memory.

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VEDIC SOCIETY - SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8

8.18. One who follows this immediately accomplishes both aims - health and victory over the senses. That true conduct in its entirey I will (now) describe Agnivea! One should honour the gods, cows, brahmins, teachers, elders, spiritual masters and instructors. One should offer oblation to the fire. One should wear medicinal herbs. One should perform the sandhy twice a day. One should clean the passage of excretion regularly. One should cut the hair, beard and nails three times a fortnight. One should wear untorn clothes. One should be happy, use scents, wear good dress, comb the hair, and apply oil to the head, ears, nostrils and feet. One should smoke. One should speak first (in a conversation). One should have a happy face. One should help those in difficulty. One should offer oblation. One should perform religious rites. One should salute a crossroads. One should offer religious sacrifices. One should honour guests. One should offer rice balls to the ancestors. One should speak beneficial, sweet and measured words in a timely manner. One should have self control. One should be virtuous. One should have envy for the cause but not the result (of actions). One should be free of worry fear. One should be shy and wise. One should have great enthusiasm, dexterity and forgiveness. One should be virtuous and a believer in the vedas. One should honour humility, intelligence, knowledge, and the elderly of noble families, the spiritual masters and the teachers. One should use an umbrella, a walking stick, a turban and shoes. One should see ahead only six feet while walking. One should have conduct that is good and welcoming. One should avoid places where there is dirty clothing, bones, thorns, impure hair, husks of grain, garbage, ash, fragments of earthen pots and places of bath and the offering of animal sacrifice. One should stop exercise before one gets tired. One should be friendly to all beings. One should reconcile those who are angry. One should console those who are afraid. One should protect those who are down. One should be truthful. One should be compromising. One should bear the harsh words of others. One should cure impatience. One should see things with a peaceful disposition. One should remove the causes of passion and aversion.

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8.19. One should not lie nor take others' property. One should not desire others' wives or wealth. One should not have enmity or indulge in sinful acts or be sinning in sin. One should not speak the faults of others or disclose others' secrets. One should not bear (to be with) the unvirtuous, traitors to the king, madmen, fallen persons, abortionists, mean and bad persons. One should not ride a vehicle that is bad nor sit on a hard seat that is of knee height. One should not sleep on a bed that is uneven, small, without a pillow or not well covered. One should not walk on uneven mountain slopes. One should not climb trees or take a bath in water that is flowing fast. One should not sit on the shadow of a family member. One should not move around a flaming fire. One should not laugh loudly or release gas loudly. One should not yawn, sneeze or laugh without covering the mouth. One should not pick one's nose, grind the teeth, tap with the nails, strike bones, scrape the earth, cut straw and grind a clod of mud. One should not act with one's limbs in an improper position. One should not look on the planets or an undesirable, impure or condemned object. One should not make the sound 'hum' before a corpse. One should not step on the shadow of a sacred tree, a flag, a teacher, a respectable person or an unworthy person. At night, one should not resort to a temple precincts, a sacred tree, a public court yard, a cross roads, a garden, a cemetery and a slaughter-house. One should not enter an empty house or a forest. One should not hang out with those of sinful conduct, with friends of women or with servants. One should not oppose those of high standing. One should not sit near those who are low in society. One should not delight in crookedness. One should not resort to things ignoble. One should not create (fear in others). One should not resort to excess courage, excess sleep, waking, and bathing, drinking and eating. One should not sit with one's knees up for a long time. One should not follow after snakes, animals with horns or those with fearsome teeth. One should avoid winds that are easterly, snow and storm winds. One should not start a quarrel. One should not sit near the fire and hold ones breath. One should not put a fire below and get heated (by it). One should not bathe when one is not tired, when one has not washed one's mouth or when one is not naked. One should not touch one's head with a bath towel. One should not strike the ends of one's hair. One should not wear clothes without having bathed. One should not go out without touching a gem, a respectable person, an auspicious object or a flower. One should not go (somewhere) keeping a respectable person or an auspicious object to one's left or others to one's right.

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8.20. One should not take food without wearing a gem in the hand, without taking a bath, when wearing torn clothing, without reciting mantras, without offering oblations to the gods, without making offerings to the departed fathers, teachers, guests and dependants, without wearing a sacred scent or a garland, without washing one's hands, feet and mouth, with one's mouth unclean, while facing the north, when one is perturbed in mind, when surrounded by the non-devout, the uncultured, the impure or the hungry, if the dishes (to be used) are impure, at wrong times or at the wrong place, without first bringing (offerings) to the sacred fire, without sanctifying it with mantras, while one has a contempt for the food, while taking food served unfavourably or that is spoiled except meat, rhizomes, dry vegetables, fruits and sweets, while taking food in its entirety other than curd, honey, salt, roasted grain flour and ghee. One should not eat curd at night. One should not eat many roasted grains at night after meals or in large amounts or twice daily or in-between water intake nor by tearing with the teeth.

8.21. One should not lie down crooked and then sneeze or eat. One should not do any work while under pressure from a natural urge. One should not let out spit, excreta, or urine while facing the wind, fire, water, moon, sun, the Brahmins or the teachers. One should not pass water on the road, in a public place or at the time of eating. One should not let out phlegm or mucus while doing auspicious acts, making religious offerings, while studying, while performing rites or while repeating mantras.

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8.22. One should not insult women. One should not rely on them too much. One should not disclose secrets to them. One should not authorize them. One should not have sexual intercourse with a women during her menses, with a woman who has an illness, with a women who is impure, with a women who is not praiseworthy, with a women who is not of desirable form, conduct or behaviour, with a women who is not skilled, with a women who is not friendly, with a women who is not having desire, with a women who has desire for someone else, with a women belonging to someone else, with another organ then the vagina, in a sacred place, in a public courtyard, at a crossroads, in a garden, in a burning ght, in a slaughterhouse, in water, in a hospital, in the house of the Brahmin or teacher or in a temple, at dawn or at dusk, on inauspicious days, if one is impure, if one is not inspired, if one does not have a joyous erection, if one has not eaten or has eaten too much, if one is on uneven ground, if one has to pass urine, if one is struck by exhaustion due to exertion, exercise or fasting and if one is not in a secluded place.

8.23. One should not speak ill of good persons or the teachers. If one is impure, one should not perform magic spells, do study, worship the elders or worship a sacred tree.

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8.24. One should study when there is not unseasonal lightning, when the directions are not ablaze, when there is no outbreak of fire, when there is no earthquake, when there is no big festival, when there is no meteor, when there is no coming of a solar eclipse, when it is not that day of a new moon, when it is dawn or dusk, not without getting initiation from the teacher. One should study with vocal accents that do not fall or are excessivly loud, that are not tired, that are not incorrectly recited, that are not unsymmetrical, that are not too fast nor delayed, that are not too unmanly and that are not too high or too low.

8.25. One should not break rules. One should not roam about at night in wrong places. One should not resort to food, study, women and sleep at dawn or dusk. One should not make friends with children, the elderly, the greedy, fools, those afflicted or with eunuchs. One should not have a liking for wine, gambling or association with prostitutes. One should not reveal a secret. One shouldnot insult anyone. One should not be conceited, undexterous, unfriendly or a back-biter. One should not insult the brahmins. One should not hit cows with a stick. One should not abuse or speak harshly to elders, teachers, groups or kings. One should not turnout friends, lovers, those in difficulty and those who know (family) secrets.

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8.26. One should not be impatient or over-proud. One should not forget to support the servants. One should not be untrusting to one's family. One should not be happy alone. One should not be miserable in character, conduct or manners. One should not trust everyone. One should not be suspicious of everyone. One should not be on the move all the time.

8.27. One should not waste too much time or work. One should not enter (somewhere) without checking it out (first). One should not be under the control of the senses. One should not let his fickle mind roam about. One should not put too much a load on one's intellect or senses. One should not procrastinate too much. One should not be too much overcome by anger or joy. One should not be grief stricken. One should not be too proud in success nor too down in failure. One should always remember Nature. One should be clear about the origin and cause (of things). One should be encouraged about what is to be done and should not lose spirit. One should not remember insults.

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8.28. One who desires his own well-being should not offer oblations to the fire with ghee, thrashed rice grains, sesame seed, kua grass and mustard seed while he is himself impure. One should touch water, reciting 'po hi sth' (Rig veda X.9.1) with the following invocations 'May the fire not go away from me.' 'May the wind bring the pranic forces.' 'May Vishnu give me strength.' 'May Indra give me energy.' 'May the auspicious waters enter me.'

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'May the auspicious waters enter me.' After cleaning the lips and feet twice, one should sprinkle water on the head and its orifices (ears, eyes, nose, and mouth). One should touch the self, the heart and the head.

8.29. One should be intent on continence, knowledge, charity, friendliness, compassion, happiness, detachment and peace.

8.30-33. In this chapter on the treatment of the sense organs, five groups of five, mind, the four-fold causes and good conduct have been entirely described. One who correctly follows the instructions for keeping good health, lives a hundred years free of illness; the world of man is filled with his fame as he is praised by the good souls; he obtains virtue and wealth and friendship to all beings and he reaches the higher worlds of those who perform virtuous deeds and are doers of good. Therefore everyone should always practice this conduct.

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8.35. And whatever else is not here spoken that is revered as a way of conduct, that also is acceptable to Lord treya.

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to Lord treya.

VEDIC SOCIETY - SUTRASTHANA - CHAPTER 8

Thus (ends) the eighth chapter on 'The treatment of the sense organs' in the work 'lokasthna', as corrected by Caraka and written by Agnivea. Thus ends the second group of four chapters on 'health'.

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