OBJECTIVES

1. To test students ability to analyze and design system (PO3).

2. To instill appreciation of lifelong learning among students.
3. To test students ability to select and use appropriate technique and resources
(PO6).
4. To test students skills and techniques in engineering practice (PO14).
SIGNAL ANALYSIS
1. Radin.wav (152980 Radin Yusof B Radin Sadi)
2. Hafis.wav (154594 Mohamad Hafis Fauzan B Mohamad Hanif Loo)
1) Generating and Analyzing the Signal
The sound file Radin.wav and Hafis.wav were played using music player in order to check
whether the files are corrupted or not. Then, the file is imported into MATLAB in order to
analyse the sound for detection of higher frequency, which is more than 500Hz. Here is
command for analysing the sound.



Figure 1: The MATLAB command for analyzing the signal of Radin.wav and Hafis.wav.


Figure 2: The signal of Radin.wav and Hafis.wav that been generated.
As in Figure 2, it shows the Radin and Hafis recorded voice (Radin.wav and
Hafis.wav) in pronouncing the sentence of Department of Electrical and Electronic
Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia. 44.1 kHz is the frequency sampling. By studying the
observation from the graph, the signal that been generated have a little bit of noise and it
frequency content has slightly bigger amplitude.
2) Cross Correlation Analysis between Radin and Hafis Voice Signal

Figure 3: The MATLAB command to analyze the correlation between Radin.wav and
Hafis.wav.

Figure 4: The cross correlation signal that been generated for both Radin.wav and
Hafis.wav.

Figure 4 shows the cross correlation between two signals A (Radin.wav) and B (Hafis.wav).
Cross correlation is a process to compare the similarity of two waveforms as a function of a
time lag applied to one of them. It is also known as a sliding inner product or sliding dot
product. It has the similarity to the convolution of two functions, where two signals A and B
are having similarity the combined together for searching a long signal for short period of
time. The amplitude was maximized for cross correlation between signal A and B from range
of -1 to 1 into range of -50 to 100 as the signal a and B match.

2) Filtering the Signal and FFT Analysis


Figure 5: The MATLAB command to filtering and FFT analysis for both signal of Radin.wav
and Hafis.wav.


Figure 6: The original signal, filtered signal and FFT analysis for both signal (Radin.wav and
Hafis.wav) that been generated.

Figure 6 shows the comparison between two signals of recorded voice (Radin.wav and
Hafis.wav). The original signal (red signal) that been generated for Radin.wav has less noise
than the signal generated for Hafis.wav. This may occur because of the different of
frequency content of two different students in saying the sentence Department of Electrical
and Electronic Engineering Universiti Putra Malaysia. The Hafis.wav may got a higher
frequency than Radin.wav.
An 8th order low pass Butterworth filter with cutoff frequency, fc = 500 Hz was
designed to reduce the noise. The sampling frequency is set at 44.1 kHz. The low pass
Butterworth filter is known to have a maximally flat for frequencies in its pass band, meaning
its variation with frequency in the pass band is monotonic and approaches a zero derivative
as the frequency approaches zero. As the filter been implemented, it will block the passage
of some higher frequency energy, while allowing energy at below 500 Hz frequencies to
pass. The resultant filtered signal was shown in Figure 6 where the pattern of the both
waveform can be seen cut-off below 500 Hz. Both Radin.wav and Hafis.wav filtered signal
(yellow signal) seen to reduce the noise.
To get the data efficiently, so less step is required to get the same numerical result.,
Fast Fourier transform (FFT) method was used to analyse both of Radin.wav and Hafis.wav
which contains long data sets where N in the 800 hundreds. The computation time can be
reduced by several orders of magnitude, and the improvement is roughly proportional to
N/log(N) which made the calculation of the Discrete Fourier transform practical. In Figure 6,
it shows the frequency spectrum for both Radin.wav and Hafis.wav that been generated by
using FFT analysis. It can be seen the frequency spectrum of Radin.wav has lower in range
of amplitude from 0 to 1500 V compared to Hafis.wav which slightly higher in range of
amplitude from 0 to 2000 V.

4) Spectrogram Analysis of the Signal


Figure 7: The MATLAB command for spectrogram analysis of both Radin.wav and
Hafis.wav.



Figure 8: The spectrogram that been generated for signal Radin.wav and Hafis.wav.
A spectrogram is a visual representation of the spectrum of frequencies in a sound or
other signal as they vary with time or some other variable. Spectrograms are sometimes
called spectral waterfalls, voiceprints, or voicegrams. Spectrograms can be used to identify
spoken words phonetically, and to analyse the various calls of animals. They are used
extensively in the development of the fields of music, sonar, radar, and speech processing,
seismology. The instrument that generates a spectrogram is called a spectrograph. The
sample outputs on the right show a select block of frequencies going up the vertical axis,
and time on the horizontal axis.
By using this spectrogram, the Radin.wav and Hafis.wav can be analysed as shown in
Figure 8. All the characteristic of the sound can be display that contains overlap, blackman
and rectwin. The blue color spectral indicates low energy portion of the spectrum, with red
color spectral indicating the most energetic portions. By doing some observation towards
spectrogram, the blue color spectral that been generated in spectrogram for both signal has
slightly similar low energy portion. The different between his two signals are in their red color
spectral which indicates the most energetic portions. It can be seen that Hafis.wav has the
most energetic portions compared to Radin.wav.

CONCLUSION
From the assignment, certain of criteria had been observed. It can be done by
analysing own voice with colleague voice so the comparison between different in frequency
content of two signals as we can see in correlation of signals. The characteristic of signal like
energy can be display which contains certain information as we can see in the spectrogram.


DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING

EEE 3501
SIGNAL PROCESSING
SEM II 2013/2014




COURSE : BACHELOR OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
NAME (MATRIC
NO.)
: RADIN YUSOF BIN RADIN SADI (152980)
LECTURERS NAME : IR. DR. RAJA MOHD. KAMIL BIN RAJA AHMAD
DUE DATE : 9
TH
MAY 2014
ASSIGNMENT 1
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF SIGNAL


U N I V E R S I T I P U T R A M A L A Y S
FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN
Faculty of Engineering