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MULTIPLEXING
BY
TX-I FACULTY
ALTTC, GZB.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 1
BASIC PHILOSOPHY
• MULTIPLEXING IS REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT
SO MANY INFORMATION ON THE SAME
PATH.
• SO IN CASE OF SDH MULTIPLEXING TIME
REMAINS THE SAME IN WHICH WE CAN
TRANSMIT THE INFORMATION OF SO MANY
CHANNELS BY WAY OF INTERLEAVING
METHOD.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 2
DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT
TERMINOLOGY
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 3
PATH
• PATH INDICATES THE LANE THROUGH WHICH
THE INPUT SIGNAL IS ALLOWED TO PASS TO
REACH UP TO HIGHER ORDER PATH OR TO
SOME OTHER HIGHER LEVEL
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 4
SECTION
• SECTION INDICATES THAT NOW DATA IS
PROCESSED COMPLETELY AND IS AVAILABLE FOR
MODULATION OVER THE LASER
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 5
CONTAINER
• AS THE NAME SUGGESTS IT IS A BOX OF FIXED SIZE
INPUTS( MAX=2).
MAPPING/MULTIPLEXING
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 6
VIRTUAL CONTAINER
• IT IS THE SECOND ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF
MULTIPLEXING
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 7
PATH LEVEL
• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 2MB OR 1.5MB
LEVEL THEN WE ARE FOLLOWING THE LOWER ORDER PATH.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 8
TU PA
TH
VC
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 9
TRIBUTARY UNIT
• TRIBUTARY UNIT IS AN AGENT THAT PROVIDES
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 10
VIRTUAL
CONTAINER
CONTAINER
TRIBUTARY UNIT
POINTER
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 11
ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 12
POINTER
• AS THE NAME INFERS, POINTER POINTS TO THE
START OF THE FRAME WHEN COMPARED TO
OMNIPRESENT SYCHRONOUS CLOCK
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 13
SDH MAPPING
• SDH MAPPING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH INPUT
DATA IS FILLED IN THE FIRST BOX ,THAT IS,
CONTAINER.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 14
SDH
MULTIPLEXING
• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF LOWER ORDER PATH IN TO
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 15
SDH ALIGNING
• ALIGNING IN SDH IS CALLED THE ALIGNING OF THE
UNIT
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 16
SDH RATES
• STM-1 = 155.520 MB/S
• STM-4 = 622.080 MB/S
• STM-16 = 2488.32 MB/S
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 17
SDH BIT RATE CALCULATION
NO OF ROWS IN FRAME: 9
NO OF COLUMNS: 270
NO OF BYTES IN FRAME: 270*9
NO OF BITS IN A FRAME: 270*9*8
FRAME DURATION: 125us
NO OF BITS TRANSMITTED IN ONE SECOND:
270*9*8*1000000
--------------------------
125
=155.520Mb/S
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 18
FINAL SDH FRAME
OVERHEAD 9
1 270
RSOH
POINTER 3
4 PAY LOAD
MSOH
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 19
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
140MB/S
C4
C4
POH
+ C4
C4 = VC4
VC4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 20
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
POINTER
+ VC4
VC4 VC4
VC4 AU-4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 21
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
FLOATING PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AUG
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 22
MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs
RSOH
RSOH
MSOH
+ VC4
VC4 AUG
MSOH
RSOH
RSOH
= VC4
VC4 STM-I
MSOH
MSOH
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 23
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
C3
34MB/S
C3 POH VC3
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 24
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
VC3 TU3
+ =
POINTER
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 25
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
TU3 TUG3
AFTER ALIGNMENT =
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 26
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
VC-4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 27
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
POINTER
+ VC4
VC4 VC4
VC4 AU-4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 28
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
VC4
VC4 AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AUG
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 29
MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs
RSOH
RSOH
MSOH
+ VC4
VC4 AUG
MSOH
RSOH
RSOH
= VC4
VC4
MSOH
MSOH
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 30
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
VC12
C1
2MB
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 31
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
POINTER TU12
VC12
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 32
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
TUG 2
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 33
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
C12
POH VC12
POINTER TU12
TU12
TUG3
N N
P P
I I
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 35
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
VC-4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 36
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
POINTER
+ VC4
VC4 VC4
VC4 AU-4
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 37
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
VC4
VC4 AU-4
FIXED PAYLOAD
VC4
VC4 AUG
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 38
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
RSOH
RSOH
MSOH
+ VC4
VC4 AUG
MSOH
RSOH
RSOH
= VC4
VC4 STM-I
MSOH
MSOH
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 39
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 40
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 41
MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs
TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12
TUG2 TUG2 TUG2
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 43
MAPPING OF 139.264Kb/S
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 44
G.709 MAPPING GRAPH
=DATA
=W
=X
=Y
=Z
• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 5
• OPPORTUNITYBITS = 1
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 46
MAPPING OF E3 IN C3
X X X X Y X X X X
Z X X X X A X X X
X B
R= ALL FIXED STUFF
C= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS
Z=RC+24BITS
X = R+24BITS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 48
SECOND ROW
X X X X Y X X X X
Z X X X X A X X X
X B
R= ALL FIXED STUFF
C= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS
Z=RC+24BITS
X = R+24BITS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 49
THIRD ROW
X X X X Y X X X X
Z X X X X A X X X
X B1
a+b = 7 R BITS + 7 D BITS + 2 S BITS
Z=RC+24BITS
X =R+24BITS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 50
PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION
• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 10
• OPPORTUNITY BITS = 2
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 51
MAPPING OF E1 IN TO C12
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 52
C12 CONFIGURATION
C1
C1 C1
C2 S2
R8 32 BYTES R8 C2 32BYTES R8C2 32BYTES R8 31BYTER8
R5 D7
R6 R6
S1
500 MICROSECONDS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 53
PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION
• JUSTIFICATION BITS=6
• OPPORTUNITY BITS=2
• IN 500 MICROSECONDS
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 54
DESCRIPTION OF OVERHEADS BYTES
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0
B1 E1 F1
D1 D2 D2
POINTER
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
D4 D5 D6
D7 D8 D9
D10 D11 D12
S1 M1 E2
RSOH: ROWS 1-3
MSOH: ROWS 5-9
BYTES LOCATION FOR STM-N: IDENTIFIED BY S(a,b,c);
a=row; b=column; c=depth.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 55
DESSCRIPTION OF SECTION OVERHEADS BYTES
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 56
Thank you.
ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 57