Running head: A Futurist Vision of MTC 1

A Futurist Vision of Metro Technical Colleges Dental Hygiene Program

Tania Nolin, BS, RDH
EDU505 Future of Education
Professor Rebecca Waters


A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 2
A Futurist Vision of Metro Technical Colleges Dental Hygiene Program
This paper will discuss the current state of Metro Technical College (MTC), the history of how it
became one of the Midwests largest community-based technical colleges, and finally how it may
use specific technology as described in the New Media Consortiums Horizon Report to advance
the quality and efficacy of education within the dental hygiene program.
MTC Today
MTC is one of 16 technical colleges that make up Wisconsins technical college system.
The college offers 170 degrees. Associate, Accelerated Associate degrees, Apprenticeship,
Technical diplomas, and certificate programs in six academic schools. Fifteen of these programs
are offered online. MTC is an open-enrollment school, which reported 43,196 students in the
2012-2013 school year, of which 13,156 were enrolled full-time (Finding MTC, 2014). The
mission statement for MTC reads, As a public, two-year comprehensive technical college, MTC
offers exceptional educational and training opportunities and services to our diverse metropolitan
area by engaging with partners to advance the quality of life for our students and community.
One of the services they provide, relevant to this paper, is preventative dental hygiene care
provided by the dental hygiene students. MTCs vision is stated as the premier comprehensive
technical college that provides excellence in education to enrich, empower and transform lives
(Finding MTC, 2014).
Population of Students
MTC is the only college in the state that has a greater percentage of minority students
than Caucasian. The diverse population consists of: White 44%, African-American 32%,
Hispanic 16%, Asian-American 5%, Multiracial 2% and American Indian 1% (Finding MTC,
2014). The average age for students is 29, however the most numerous of the populous is 19
A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 3
years of age.
Funding, Tuition and Community
Most of the funding for school operations comes from property tax, followed by student
tuition and fees, student aid, federal aid, grants and contract services. Almost a one-third of
students are low-income, many are studying for a specific job or a change of career, while others
are preparing to further their education at a four-year college. The cost of one semester for
assciate degree studies is approximately $2,070 and for four-year college transfers, $2,718
(MTC Fast Facts, 2013).
MTC History
MTC was founded in 1912 by a local social reformist who was fed up with the child
labor laws of that time. In 1911 state legislature passed a law creating a statewide network of
continuation schools which were mandated to release children from work to attend school or
learn a vocation (Finding MTC, 2014). By the fall of 1912, MTC was established as Metro
Vocational School and is now known as MTC. The school offered evening classes from the very
beginning, which helped working individuals to gain education to gain practical working skills
for the jobs they wanted to pursue (Finding MTC, 2014). MTC has evolved over the years to
meet the needs of the community, such as their implementation of the a program Readiness
Student Edge, a partnership with Metro Public schools, which helps at-risk high school students
to find ways to a college education.
The Dental Hygiene Program
A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 4
In 1996, the addition of a Health Sciences building created space for both the Dental Hygiene
and Registered Nursing programs. The Dental Hygiene Clinic is now a state-of-the-art facility
that provides dental hygiene services to the community, such as cleanings, treatment for
periodontal disease, x-rays, and fluoride treatments for a nominal fee.
A Review of Significant Trends Affecting the Future of Dental Hygiene Education
The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the career outlook for dental
hygiene is expected to increase thirty-three percent through the year 2022 (2014). Anticipated
growth will likely be reflected in an increase of student admissions into dental hygiene programs.
A review of the literature cites significant trends in technology, economics, public policy and
demographics affecting the field of dental hygiene in order to identify the implications of these
trends on the future of MTCs dental hygiene program.
Technology Trends
Technology has become a ubiquitous component in our society, the discussion within
educational settings has moved from novelties to more constructive questions about what
technology should be implemented, and how it can improve student-learning outcomes.
Flipped Classroom
The flipped classroom model is part of a larger pedagogical movement that overlaps with
blended learning, inquiry-based learning, and other instructional approaches and tools that are
meant to be flexible, active, and more engaging for students (Johnson, Adams Becker, Estrada,
Freeman, 2014, p. 36). Blended-learning is a method of teaching whereby the student accesses
lecture and supplemental materials online, reducing in-class lecture time. Using class time that
would have previously been spent on lecture can now be used for inquiry-based learning, such as
group work and case studies. Talley and Scherer (2013) employed the flipped classroom model
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in a biology course to determine if it could improve student grades as compared to earlier
semesters. The results reflected that inquiry-based learning through self-explanation causes
students to review the material more often and may enhance leaning by supporting the
integration of new information with prior knowledge (Talley & Scherer, 2013, p. 345).
Metro Area Technical College (MTC) uses blended-learning techniques through
Blackboard, Google Docs and YouTube videos to supplement face-to-face class time in order
to provide lecture materials and quizzes. They have implemented inquiry-based learning
techniques through case studies of patients with oral diseases and group projects to identify and
discuss characteristics and treatment for periodontal disease.
Augmented Reality
Johnson, Levine, Smith, and Stone (2010) stated, AR [Augmented Reality] has strong
potential to provide both powerful contextual, on-site learning experiences and serendipitous
exploration and discovery of the connected nature of information in the real world (p. 21).
Advancements in AR are becoming more accessible to students and educators by way of
computers, hand-held devices and mobile technology and have been applied in chemistry,
astronomy, biology, physics and geometry courses. AR supports discovery-based learning,
allowing students to be creative, take risks, and make mistakes without consequences
(Thornton, Ernst, & Clark, 2012, p. 20).
Economics and Public Policy
Economics and public policy have a stong impact on all facets of education, including
students, educational settings, educators, funding and more. Economic trends affecting dental
hygiene education include the concern of students return of investment and the projected growth
of dental hygiene jobs. A public policy trend calls for the increased need for science, technology,
A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 6
engineering and mathmatic (STEM) related professios (United States Department of Education,
2014).
Return on Investment
One of the determining factors students need to consider when deciding on a college is
the return on investment. Graduation rates, career outlook and job placement from educational
institutions are evalauated to establish a return of investment. Michael Zimmerman, Vice
President for Academic Affairs and Provost at The Evergreen State College (2014) stated, on
average, getting a degree will significantly increase ones job prospects and lifetime earnings
regardless of the major (p. 26). According to the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
(2014-2015), projects a thirty-three percent increase in the number of dental hygiene jobs, much
faster than average for all occupations, through the year 2022. Dental hygiene has consistently
been one of the most costly associate degrees offered at MTC. Although the cost of education
continues to rise, dental hygiene education appears to be valuable and a good return of
investment.
Increased Demand for STEM Professions
The federal government has been making investments toward the advancement of STEM
professions. Jackson, Charleston, and Gilbert (2014), conducted a strength, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threat analysis of data received from email interviews sent to current STEM
professionals. The findings suggest there are programs and resources available for STEM
growth, but lack infrastructure particularly in collaboration of these programs and their
professional affiliations. Many respondents to the interview stated they initially became
interested in STEM professions sometime between 8-10
th
grades. Focus on developing interest
in STEM subjects at secondary education levels may increase the number of high school
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graduates pursuing STEM related majors in college. Recruitment of minorities is an
untaped source of STEM participation, which if utilized would improve the odds of meeting
the projected needs for STEM professions in the future (Jackson et al., 2014).
Demographic Trends
The American minority population is growing and is becoming more ethnically diverse
(Shrestha & Heisler, 2011). History has shown that minorities disproportionately carry the
burden of untreated dental disease they also are more likely to seek treatment from people of
their own race (Edmunds, 2006, p. 918). It has been well documented that there is a shortage of
minority students and faculty in dental hygiene. Additionally, it is easily observed that there are
few men in this field as well.
Underrepresented Minorities and Males in Dental Hygiene
African American, Native Americans, Hispanic and Latina are underrepresented
minorities in the field of dental hygiene (Sandino & Rowe, 2014). Research by Onik (2009)
investigated reasons why African Americans represented only four percent of the national
dental hygiene population. The findings from Sandino and Rowe (2014) support Oniks
previous work, which cites the high cost of dental hygiene programs, lack of role models of
similar ethnicity, and lack of influence from a dental professional as barriers to careers in dental
hygiene. A study by Collins, Cordelia, Zinskie, Keskula, and Thompson (2007) concluded that
most full-time dental hygiene faculty is female and non-Hispanic with men representing only
four percent of that sample population.
The Growing Hispanic Population
The U.S. Census Bureau (2000) reported twelve point six percent of the U.S. population
was identified as Hispanic. This group is projected to increase to thirty point two percent by the
A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 8
year 2050 (Shrestha & Heisler, 2011). In the 2012-2013 academic year, MTC reported that
sixteen percent of the student population was Hispanic (MTC Fast Facts, 2013). To increase the
percentage of minorities in MTCs dental hygiene program, will help to create a more
proportionate number of hygienists to that of the population of minorities in the U.S. The
premise to increase the number of minorities in dental hygiene is that it will facilitate more
culturally sensitive providers, thereby increasing access to oral health care in those populations
(American Dental Education Association, 2011, p. 992).
In todays society it is not surprising to see that our world today is not what it was even
yesterday. Advances in technology and a growing knowledge base have been huge contributing
factors. It is important for academic leaders to analyze these changes as well as developing
trends within our culture and on a global level, in order to create a vision, strategize, and plan for
the future of dental hygiene. This paper will discuss the concept of futuring and why it is
important for the field of education, as well as scanning and scenarios as tools for futuring.
Futuring as a Method of Viability
The famed educator, John Dewey stated, if we teach todays students the ways of
yesterdays, we rob them of tomorrow (Digital Media, 2010). This statement emphasizes the
importance of foresight in education and stresses the need for innovation. Unfortunately, there is
no magic eight ball of which to ask questions about the future, what jobs will be in high
demand, and what political matters will evolve. However, it is imperative for researchers to
make efforts toward creating a vision of what the future of education might become. Futuring, as
defined by World Future Society is the act, art, or science of identifying and evaluating possible
future events (n.d.). It is a process that benefits to capitalize on strategic outside intelligence,
avoid being blind-sided by external forces, profit from new opportunities, and to turn emerging
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threats into opportunities Ashley & Morrison, (1995, para 1). Anticipation of these events and
evaluating the ways in which it could affect education, assists academic leaders in making
informed, proactive decisions that will ensure the long-term viability of educational institutions.
Metro Technical College (MTC) should employ futuring to sustain and proliferate well into the
next twenty-five to fifty years and beyond.
Scanning
Scanning is an essential tool to identify trends, movements or anything that may
potentially have an affect on an organization, whether it is directly, indirectly, positive or
negative. This information made readily available for academic leaders, policy makers, and any
other stakeholder, will empower them to make sound decisions for the future. The process of
scanning will look for trends occurring over time within educational institutions, the state,
nation, and other countries. The use of computer databases, student and instructor feedback,
newspapers, magazines and various websites provide a large amount of data (World Future
Society, n.d.). Scanning involves the collection of any and all evidence that is not only
educationally relevant, but also things that may appear, at least initially irrelevant, such as
environmental issues, political events and other things like the cost of energy and international
communications. Scanning to identify trends may take a considerable amount time and
resources, but is compensated by the aversion of undesirable consequences and finding ways to
achieve long-term goals. MTCs dental hygiene program could initiate the scanning process by
looking at data from other dental hygiene schools to see what changes they have had to
overcome or what trends are affecting their program. MTC may also look into state legislature,
as is relates to the field of dental hygiene, the Wisconsin Dental Hygienists Association and the
Wisconsin Dental Association to investigate any proposed legislative changes and assess their
A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 10
goals and how they may affect MTC.
Scenarios
Futuring uses scenarios to represent different extremes of current trends and define
alternatives. Using data from the process of scanning, scenarios should include a variety of very
desirable circumstances, less desirable, and worst-case scenarios. Others to consider are
scenarios that are based on changes likely to occur, and those that are less likely. Working under
these premises and developing a strategic plan will provide a testing ground for ideas, or [act
as] the stimulus for new development (Mietzner & Reger, 2005, p. 224). Once a scenario is
recognized certain steps should be undertaken: identify the driving forces, the predetermined
elements and the critical uncertainties (Mietzner & Reger, 2005, p. 227). There are several
advantages and disadvantages to using scenarios. See Table 1 Advantages and Disadvantage of
Using Scenarios for Futuring.
Table 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Scenarios for Futuring
Advantages Disadvantages
Anticipates future opportunities/conflicts Time consuming
Promotes new perspectives May require additional resources
Time allows for allocation of resources Future outcome may not be any of the
scenarios investigated
Builds proactive vs. reactive organization Focus may be too limited
Early recognition of organizations weaknesses Time to actual implementation of planned
decisions are so far in the future, other
obstacles may alter outcome in scenario
Opens discussion of untraditional thinking Difficult to identify multiple different
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scenarios

A Vision of Dental Hygiene Education for the year 2020
In five years, the student body of MTCs dental hygiene program will exhibit greater
demographic diversity including a greater percentage of males and Hispanics. Two specific
technologies identified in the New Media Consortium (NMC) Horizons Report 2014, flipped
classroom and augmented reality, will be firmly adapted as teaching protocols to create unique
and effective learning opportunities for dental hygiene students.
Technology in for MTCs Dental Hygiene Program
One of the technologies is augmented reality. This could be used to aid in learning of
tooth anatomy, facilitate identification of anatomical landmarks in local anesthetic administration
and in developing hand instrumentation skills. By providing information at the right time and
right place and offering rich content with computer-generated 3D imagery, pre-clinical students
will be able to experience what correct adaptations are in instrumentation techniques, at an early
stage, which may help them to recognize what is correct without the direct supervision of an
instructor (Lee, 2012). Augmented reality could provide each individual with ones unique
discovery path with rich content from computer-generated three dimensional environments and
models (Lee, 2012). This technology will help to manage class time more effectively and allow
instructors to provide more specific guidance to students who may need more help. It will also
help to achieve proficiency of learning objectives more efficiently, thereby improving overall
time-management. Challenges to adapting this technology include cost, lack of general
awareness in AR technology, lack of maintenance support and educator perceived difficulties
integrating AR with traditional learning models (Lee, 2012).
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The second technology, flipped classroom has already been implemented in some small
instances, but has the potential to be used to a much greater capacity. Flipping the classroom
overlaps with blended learning, inquiry-based learning, and other instructional approaches and
tools that are meant to be flexible, active, and more engaging for students (Johnson, et al.,
2014). Blackboard will continue to be used to provide supplemental reading materials and web
links to YouTube videos created by the instructors of MTC or other credible sources. Lectures
will be prepared and viewed on digital interface where content can be viewed by students as
many times as necessary to master the essential knowledge (Hawks, 2014). Placing lecture
materials in a digital format allows students to "enhance the relevance and retention of
knowledge[and] facilitate in-depth learning (Hawks, 2014). Class time will provide students
with collaborative opportunities to discuss clinical applications of case studies and dental
hygienist/patient role-play.
Challenges and Opportunities. There are several potential challenges as well as
opportunities to implementing this future vision for MTCs dental hygiene program. Some of the
challenges are:
Attracting male students into the program due to the existing predominance of
female dental hygienists
Attracting minority students into the program due to the existing majority of
ethnically white dental hygienists
Lack of instructor acceptance to use augmented technology due to lack of
interest and/or motivation to change existing teaching strategies
Lack of tech support or funding to implement and/or maintain technology
Lack of time for instructors to translate existing lectures to Blackboard or
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YouTube format
Lack of relevant augmented technology for learning objectives
Opportunities and advantages to implementing this future vision include:
Demographic diversity in the population of future dental hygienists and other
STEM professionals
Potential increase in demographic diversity of future dental hygiene instructors
Potential increase in minority populations to obtain preventative and therapeutic
dental hygiene care in an environment of the same demographic
Increase collaborative opportunities for students to discuss clinical applications of
case studies and role-playing
Improve instructor and student time management
Improve students proficiency of learning objectives
Increase opportunities for pre-clinical students to practice hand instrumentation
Plan for Change
To accomplish this vision it will require innovation, sufficient time, planning, and precise
execution of specific actions defined in the plan. There are several ways in which to being
planning for these changes. Utilization of the futuring techniques such as scanning and scenarios
is a suitable way to begin. Scan for other dental hygiene programs that have already achieved
the future vision of MTC. If there are none, consider looking for those that are striving for the
same goals, also consider degree programs not to dental hygiene related, as they may also
provide good references. Next, create scenarios based upon this information. Creating multiple
scenarios, with both desired outcomes and undesired, as both will help to identify effective
strategies. Another way to plan for change is to assess the current situation in the classroom,
A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 14
and the dental hygiene student population, using the problem solving technique CATWOE,
which stands for customers, actors, transformation process, world view, owner, environmental
constraints. This will help to stimulate thinking to identify potential problems and find solutions
to implement change. Administering a SWOT analysis will further assist in recognition of the
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to achieving the vision. Finally, a decision tree
analysis can be used to evaluate technology options from a financial perspective. These tools are
useful in all stages of planning and may be repeated to make further refinements. Perhaps the
greatest advantage of using these tools is the opportunity for constructive thinking and open
discussion of possibility.
Call for Action
Developing MTCs vision of education can realized in five years. The first step to
achieving this goal is to formulate three specialty committees. These three committees will be
designated as: Underrepresented Minority Recruiting, Minority Support, and Futuring and
Planning. Each of these components will have specific tasks and responsibilities, executed on a
weekly, monthly and yearly basis over the next five years. The Underrepresented Minority
Recruiting committee, comprised of four members will be responsible for building and
maintaining relationships with the leading minority-serving dental institutions or other related
affiliations. They will participate in outreach programs to minorities with these institutions as
well as local community programs and high school Career Day functions. The purpose of
these activities is to increase awareness of a career in dental hygiene and introduce them to
MTCs dental hygiene program. This committee will also meet with MTCs admissions
department to discuss application fee waivers for underrepresented minorities. It will be the
responsibility of all members in this committee to personally reach out to potential applicants
A FUTURIST VISION OF MTCS DENTAL HYGIENE PROGRAM 15
and maintain contact with them, tracking trends, reasons, supports that lead to their admission
into the program or their decision to pursue other interests. The Minority Support group will
provide guidance to potential applicants and current minority dental hygiene students. They will
also provide assistance in job placement for minority graduates. The Futuring and Planning
committee will consist of at minimum five members and will be responsible for several tasks.
The first is to create a timeline of necessary actions to be completed over the next five years,
breaking larger tasks down into monthly tasks. Each member of this committee will be
responsible for investigating and executing a specific action item, aimed at identifying and
implementing augmented technology and flipped classroom. One day of each month, members
of this group will meet to discuss findings and manage task assignments for the following month.
All MTC dental hygiene instructors will actively participate in a committee in a joint effort to
realizing this vision.
Conclusion
Change is happening all around us. MTCs dental hygiene program should consider
futuring, as it will benefit them regardless of what happens in the future, but moreover sustains
long-term viability. Scanning the environment for trends will guide academic leaders to
determine possible scenarios, strategically plan, and make calculated projections for the future.
The plan is going to become a reality for some dental hygiene programs, MTC can lead the way,
if they implement the steps outlined in the call for action. In a period of constant transformation,
now is the time to be proactive. MTC must be the principal of change, or risk becoming the
change of yesteryear.



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