Home Remodeling

2007 Edition
HOME REMODELING
GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
2007 Edition
HOME REMODELING
GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES
About Build It Green
Build It Green is a professional non-profit membership

organization whose mission is to promote healthy,
durable, energy- and resource-efficient buildings in
California. Supported by a solid foundation of outreach
and education, Build It Green connects consumers and
building professionals with the tools and technical
expertise they need to build quality green homes. Build
It Green fosters collaboration with key stakeholder
groups to accelerate the adoption of green building
standards, policies, and programs.
In addition to providing these Guidelines for educational
purposes, Build It Green offers the following companion
resources at www.BuildItGreen.org:
• Green Points calculator
• List of references for all Guidelines measures
• Innovation checklist for approaches beyond the
measures described in the Guidelines
GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

• Cross-referencing with other residential initiatives
(e.g. ENERGY STAR® Indoor Air Package, LEED-H,
CA Green Builder and the NAHB Guidelines)
• Addendums that explain how to use the Guidelines
in conjunction with other programs
• Information about new practices and materials or
corrections that are identified after publication
Disclaimer
These Guidelines are provided exclusively for general education and Nothing in these Guidelines constitutes an endorsement, approval, or
informational purposes and as a public service of Build It Green, a recommendation of any kind by any persons or organizations affiliated
California non-profit corporation registered under Section 501(c)(3) of with developing these Guidelines. The suitability and applicability of
the Internal Revenue Code. Built It Green authorizes you to view these this information for a given use depends on various factors specific to
Guidelines for your use and to copy any part of them as-is. In exchange that use. These include, but are not limited to, laws and regulations
for this authorization: (i) you agree not to alter, sell or publish the applicable to the intended use, specific attributes of that use, and the
Guidelines in any way without first receiving written permission from specifications for any product or material associated with this infor-
Build It Green; and (ii) you waive, release and covenant not to sue mation. All warranties, express or implied, are disclaimed, and the
Build It Green and all others affiliated with developing these Guidelines reader is strongly encouraged to consult with a building, product,
from any liability, claims and actions, both known and unknown, for and/or design professional before applying any of this information to
any losses, damage or equitable relief you may now have a right to a specific use or purpose.
assert or later acquire, arising from such use or reliance on the
Guidelines. Unauthorized use of these Guidelines is prohibited and
a violation of copyright, trademark and other laws.
Design: Celery Design Collaborative , Berkeley, CA Printing: 100% post-consumer recycled paper using soy-based inks. March 2007
3
Foreword
These Home Remodeling Green Building Guidelines Guidelines Development Process

were developed: The Home Remodeling Green Building Guidelines
• To present a range of voluntary green measures for were first developed in 2001 through a collaborative
building professionals and homeowners to choose process and public-private partnership among building
from when remodeling a home in California professionals, green building experts and local govern-
• To provide local governments with an educational ment staff in Alameda County. Representatives from the
tool for city staff, building professionals and home- local professional building industry—including Master
owners interested in green residential remodeling Builders, McCutcheon Construction, Inc., Odin’s Hammer,
Canyon Construction and Jarvis Architects—provided
• To offer cost-effective suggestions to minimize
input and direction on the development of the original
construction-related waste, create healthier and
Guidelines.
more durable homes, reduce operating costs for
homeowners and support local manufacturers and These Guidelines were updated in 2007, again using
suppliers of resource-efficient building materials a collaborative process. The purpose of this update
was to expand the Guidelines’ applicability throughout
• To create a policy foundation for local governments
California, address changes in Title 24, and incorporate
interested in implementing a green building program
measures from other regional and national residential
• To establish regional consistency in green green building initiatives.
building guidelines to increase predictability
Build It Green (see page 3) expanded and facilitated
for building professionals
the stakeholder process to include input from its
• To integrate varying residential initiatives in order various councils, including the Green Professionals
to achieve greater simplicity and local applicability Guild, Public Agency Council, Builders Council and
• To offer methods to reduce the impacts of building Suppliers Council.
in California communities, including solid waste Publicly available information, scientific data and
management, water conservation, energy efficiency third-party standards were referenced in the development
and resource conservation of these Guidelines. The Guidelines are intended to be
• To offer a set of guidelines developed by an a living document, and will be updated as the green
independent, third-party source in collaboration building marketplace changes, additional technical
with a wide range of expert stakeholders and quantitative information becomes available, meas-
urement tools such as Life Cycle Assessment become
more accessible, and new green measures are developed.
4
Acknowledgments
Special thanks to the following individuals and organizations for contributing to the development of these Guidelines:
BUILDING PROFESSIONALS NONPROFIT GROUPS

• Dennis Allen, Allen Associates • Katy Hollbacher, Build It Green
• Bruce Hammond, Hammond Fine Homes • Jennifer Love, Build It Green
• Geoffrey Holton, Geoffrey Holton and Associates • Bruce Mast, Build It Green
• Beth Leibbrandt, Harrell Remodeling, Inc.
• Maurice Levitch, Levitch Associates, Inc. OTHERS
• Connie and Dennis McCullah, Odin’s Hammer • Marc Richmond, Practica Consulting
• David Seth Melchert, Master Builders • Jennifer Roberts, Editor
• John Shurtz, Green Builders of Marin • David Springer, Davis Energy Group
• Lee Tollefsrud, Lawrence Construction • David Blanke, Southern California Gas Co.
• David Johnston, What’s Working
PUBLIC AGENCIES • Tom Larson, DUDEK
• Meri Soll, Green Building in Alameda County • Celery Design Collaborative, Graphic Design
• Wes Sullens, Green Building in Alameda County
• Karen Kho, Green Building in Alameda County This update of the Home Remodeling Guidelines also
• Wendy Sommer, Green Building in Alameda County benefited from the technical input provided by numerous
• Teresa Eade, Bay-Friendly Landscaping individuals and organizations during the development
• Cynthia Havstad, Bay-Friendly Landscaping of the 2005 New Home Construction Guidelines.
• Carlos Michelon, Metropolitan Water District
• Gary Klein, California Energy Commission
• John Koeller, California Urban Water Conservation Council
• Southern California Public Agency Council Technical
Advisory Committee
“We love to build green not only because it is the right thing to do, but also
because our clients and employees love it! Now that we have established a
reputation as a green builder, we are getting lots of opportunities to build
interesting, green projects. Green has been great for business.”
—Michael McCutcheon, McCutcheon Construction, Berkeley, CA
Salvaged eucalyptus flooring Design for daylighting

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Table of Contents
1. OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING 7

Introduction 8
Fundamental Objectives of Green Remodeling 9
Costs and Benefits of Green Remodeling 12
2. GREEN REMODELING CHECKLIST 13
3. GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS 16

A. Site 17
B. Foundation 20
C. Landscape 22
D. Structural Frame and Building Envelope 27
E. Exterior Finish 33
F. Insulation 35
G. Plumbing 37
H. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning 40
I. Renewable Energy 46
J. Building Performance 48
K. Finishes 49
L. Flooring 53
M. Appliances and Lighting 56
N. Other 60
4. GREEN REMODELING ILLUSTRATIONS 61

Addition or Major Remodel 62
Second Floor 64
Bathroom 66
Kitchen 68
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Chapter One:
Overview of Green Building
OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING

“I build green for my clients to give them healthy, energy-efficient homes. I
build green for myself to leave a light footprint legacy in this heavy footprint
industry.”
—Mark Nelson, Renaissance Remodelers, San Anselmo, CA
Overarching Principles of Green Building
1 Build for the long-term

Build durable, efficient homes and livable communities.
2 Build for our children

Make their homes, communities and environment safe.
3 Build for the planet

Use natural resources wisely.
7
Introduction
In response to growing concerns about the quality of our lives and the quality of our
environment, an increasing number of Californians are embracing green building. This

holistic approach to home building and remodeling emphasizes quality
construction, energy efficiency, good indoor air quality, environmentally sound
landscaping, and livable neighborhoods. As you’ll discover in these Guidelines,
green building provides countless benefits to California’s building professionals,
residents and communities.
Does green building really matter? better for business. Remodeling contractors and other
Green building means improving our design, construction building professionals who follow “building as usual”
and landscaping practices so that the homes we build practices may find themselves at a competitive
or remodel today will last longer, cost less to live in, disadvantage as regulatory and market forces shift the
and won’t harm our health. It also means protecting industry toward built environments that are healthier,
natural resources and improving the built environment more resource efficient and less polluting.
so that people, communities and ecosystems can By remodeling homes so that they are more durable,
thrive and prosper. healthier, and less wasteful of energy, water and other
With the budget and time pressures we’re all under resources, today’s green remodelers are helping to
today, is it really worth the extra effort? Increasingly, safeguard the well-being and prosperity of Californians
homeowners and building professionals agree that it now and for decades to come.
is worth the effort. Better homes, it turns out, are also
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Fundamental Objectives of Green Remodeling
There’s nothing mysterious about green remodeling—it’s really just applied common

sense. To move forward with greening your remodeling project, it is helpful to think of
green remodeling as quality design and construction achieved through the convergence
of four fundamental objectives:
1 Conserve natural resources

2 Use energy wisely
3 Improve indoor air quality
4 Make communities more livable
Conserve natural resources products such as roofing materials with 40- or 50-year
Residential remodeling activities consume large warranties, and specifying recycled-content products
quantities of wood, water, metals, fossil fuels and that divert waste from landfills. Recycled-content
other resources. Even though the majority of the decking, reclaimed lumber and other products put
materials used to remodel a home are put to good waste to good use, while providing quality and durability
use, vast quantities of resources are wasted. In fact, that often exceed conventional materials. For example,
each year close to nine million tons of construction decking materials made of recycled plastic mixed with
and demolition debris is disposed of in California wood waste fibers can last up to five times longer than
landfills, accounting for 22% of the entire state’s wood decking, and never needs to be treated or painted.
waste stream. Water is another critical resource. California residences
Much of this waste is avoidable. Careful management use 5.6 million acre-feet of applied water annually.
of the construction process makes a big difference. Our prosperity and ability to meet the needs of our
There are also many well-established remodeling growing population hinge on having adequate supplies
practices that help protect natural resources. If you are of clean, fresh water. Homes remodeled and landscaped

building an addition to an existing home, for example, to use water wisely make a tremendous contribution
advanced framing techniques can substantially reduce to protecting our shared resources and reducing the
lumber requirements without compromising structural pressure on municipal water systems and supplies.
integrity. Using engineered lumber and wood products An added benefit is lower water and sewer bills for the
certified by the Forest Stewardship Council can help homeowner. Today’s building professionals and home-
ensure the long-term health of forests. owners can take advantage of a new generation of cost-
effective, high efficiency appliances and landscape
Many effective remodeling strategies not only conserve
water management systems, as well as a variety of
natural resources, but also provide additional benefits
proven landscaping strategies that reduce water use.
such as saving money. These include using durable
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Use energy wisely make for a quieter home. Homeowners who have
Using fossil fuel–based energy is a major contributor already made their homes as energy efficient as
to air pollution and global climate change. With possible may choose to go a step further and install
homes accounting for roughly 31% of the electricity renewable energy systems such as solar water heating
consumed in the state, it is clear that homeowners and photovoltaic panels.
and remodeling professionals have a significant role
to play in helping our society address energy-related Improve indoor air quality
concerns now and in the coming decades. On average, Americans spend 90% of their time
Energy efficiency is the cornerstone of every green indoors, yet the air inside our homes can be ten times
home. Whether you are remodeling a 30-year-old more polluted than outdoor air, according to the U.S.
suburban ranch house or a 120-year-old inner-city Environmental Protection Agency. Children are particularly
Victorian, you can improve its energy performance. vulnerable when it comes to air pollution. A report in
Improving energy efficiency and using renewable the New England Journal of Medicine states that 40%
energy sources are effective ways to reduce the potential of children will develop respiratory disease, in part
of energy supply interruptions, improve air quality, due to the chemicals in their homes.
moderate the impacts of global warming, and slow A common source of indoor air pollution is volatile
the rate at which we need to build new power plants. organic compounds (VOCs), a large class of chemicals
Energy efficiency also makes good sense for that offgas from many building materials. Exposure
homeowners: an energy-efficient house saves money to VOCs may cause a range of symptoms, from eye
by reducing utility bills year after year, and provides irritation and headaches to more severe effects. Many
other valuable benefits. Better insulation, for example, paints, floor finishes, adhesives and sealants emit
reduces uncomfortable drafts, and double-pane windows unhealthy VOCs. Kitchen cabinets, countertops, shelving
and furniture may be made from particleboard or medium
density fiberboard. These pressed-wood products are
typically made with adhesives that release urea
formaldehyde—a known human carcinogen—into the
home for years after installation.
Photovoltaic panels Salvaged building materials
10
Fortunately, the building products industry is responding affects all of us. A home remodeled using poor quality

to these indoor pollution problems by developing safer materials may put an unnecessary burden on landfills
products, including low-VOC paints, cleaners and a few years down the line, if those materials have to be
adhesives. These products are now commonly available torn out and replaced. Landscaping that sends rainwater
from most major suppliers at costs comparable to directly to the sewer rather than allowing it to sink in
conventional products. the soil strains our aging wastewater treatment systems.
Poor indoor air quality is also often caused by biological Green remodeling offers remodeling professionals,
contaminants, such as mold that grows as a result of community leaders and California residents sensible
moisture infiltration due to inadequate ventilation, solutions that both improve an individual home’s
poor design and maintenance, and other factors. Dust, performance and provide broad-based community
another major source of air pollution inside homes, can benefits. These benefits range from cleaner air to
be reduced by making sure the entryways have easy- reduced global warming impacts, from healthier
to-clean flooring materials such as natural linoleum, landscapes to longer-lasting buildings.
bamboo or wood, and by offering a bench and shoe Clearly, green building cannot solve all the social,
storage to encourage people to removes shoes before economic or environmental challenges facing California’s
entering the home. communities. Still, green remodeling offers a valuable
set of strategies for meeting our expectations for
Make communities more livable livable, healthy, sustainable communities.
Whether you are updating the kitchen or adding a
bedroom, it’s natural to think of a remodeling project
as a private affair. But it is important to remember
that the remodeling decisions we make don’t just
affect our own lives. Our choices can also have an
impact on other people’s lives for decades to come.
A home that is remodeled without taking energy
efficiency into account will waste energy year after
year, resulting in air pollution and global warming that
Recycled plastic composite decking Sustainably renovated home
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Costs and Benefits of Green Remodeling
There are many reasons to embrace green remodeling. the remodeling professional or homeowner become
These include health considerations for residents and familiar with a new product or practice, such as
construction workers, utility and maintenance costs, incorporating a rain screen wall system when building
concern about environmental issues such as global new exterior walls. Learning new practices sometimes
warming and destruction of old-growth forests, and involves an initial outlay of time and money. But green
a desire to create higher quality homes. buildings are more than just buildings. They are
By applying a sustainable perspective to the remodeling the manifestation of the homeowner’s and building
process, green building brings the benefits of resource professional’s desire to do their part in contributing
conservation, durability, energy savings and healthy to a healthier, more sustainable world.
living. Although all of these benefits are compelling,
on any given project you or your client may decide Getting started with green remodeling
that one type of benefit—such as energy savings or These Guidelines are for building professionals and
better indoor air quality—is most important. homeowners planning to remodel single-family homes
If you are a building professional, green remodeling in California.
skills may help you expand your market and develop The methods and materials in these Guidelines range
an environmentally friendly image for your business. from basic, common-sense practices such as venting
And if you are a homeowner, green remodeling strategies bathroom fans to the outside, to more sophisticated
that focus on energy and water conservation can strategies such as installing renewable energy systems.
reduce your utility bills year after year. While it’s true No matter where you are on the green remodeling
that some individual green remodeling strategies may spectrum—from novice to expert—you can count
cost more, the benefits and value of adopting a green on these Guidelines for resources, design ideas and
approach to remodeling are vastly higher than any real-world advice that you can put to use today.
small increase in cost.
If you are new to green remodeling, you can start
taking steps right away toward creating healthier and
Balancing costs and benefits
more energy- and resource-efficient homes. Inside
These Guidelines describe methods and materials that these Guidelines, you’ll find many strategies that
range in cost—some of them cost no more or even are easy to implement and add virtually no cost.
less than conventional options. In fact, when a remod-
As your experience with green remodeling grows,

eling project is designed from the outset to be green,
you’ll likely find yourself scaling up to even healthier
it need not cost more than a conventional remodeling
and more effective design and construction practices.
project. While not all measures described in these
The Green Remodeling Checklist in Chapter Two provides
Guidelines will be applicable to your project, the
a very convenient way for you to track green features
measures included are relevant and reasonable for
in a particular project. And for remodeling professionals,
most existing homes in California.
the Green Remodeling Checklist is also a handy way
Some of the measures do cost more initially, but this to benchmark your progress over time as you and your
additional cost needs to be evaluated in the context company gain experience with green building.
of the longer-term benefits provided: utility and
If you are experienced with green remodeling, some
maintenance cost savings, better indoor air quality
of the approaches and practices described here may
for residents, healthier jobsites for workers, and
already be part of your daily practice. In that case,
longer building life. When considering green building
these Guidelines will help you employ more advanced
measures, it is very important to balance upfront
green-building strategies that will reinforce your
design, product and construction costs with these
organization’s leadership position.
other significant benefits.
While most green remodeling practices are just common
sense, sometimes the greenest approach requires that
12
Chapter Two:
Green Remodeling Checklist
The Green Remodeling Checklist was developed to offer building professionals,
homeowners and municipalities a tool to assess how green a particular remodeling
GREEN REMODELING CHECKLIST

project is. It is based on the green building methods and materials described in
Chapter Three. The Green Remodeling Checklist was developed in coordination with
local builders, city planners and building officials.
Because remodeling projects vary so widely in scope—from a bathroom re-do to a

whole-house rebuild—it is not feasible to use the checklist to assign a “final score”
for projects. Every effort should be made, however, to incorporate as many of the
measures as possible into your remodeling projects. These measures were chosen
based on their ability to improve the home and the environment, as well as on their
ease of implementation and relative low cost. Consider these measures as a starting
point for the greening of your project. To download an electronic version of the Green
Remodeling Checklist, go to www.BuildGreenNow.org.
The Green Remodeling Checklist is also the basis of GreenPoint Rated, a third-party
home rating program offered by Build It Green. For more information about GreenPoint
Rated, visit www.GreenPointRated.org or call 510-845-0472.
“As architects, we incorporate green building practices and the green building
checklists from initial meetings with clients through design and into construction.
The checklist and principles help us increase our understanding of our clients’
needs and aid us in raising the awareness of both the client and contractor
to the wide array of green options and benefits.”
—J. Bradford Hubbell, Hubbell Daily Architecture + Design, Mill Valley, CA
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Green Remodeling Checklist
A. Site Community Energy IAQ/Health Resources Water

1. Protect Existing Soil and Minimize Disruption of Existing Plants & Trees
2. Deconstruct Instead of Demolish
3. Recycle Construction and Demolition Waste
B. Foundation
1. Replace Portland Cement in Concrete with Recycled Flyash or Slag

2. Retrofit Crawl Space to Control Moisture
3. Design and Build Structural Pest Controls
C. Landscape
1. Construct Resource-Efficient Landscapes
2. Use Fire-Safe Landscaping Techniques
3. Minimize Turf Areas
4. Plant Shade Trees
5. Group Plants by Water Needs (Hydrozoning)
6. Install High-Efficiency Irrigation Systems
7. Add Compost to Promote Healthy Topsoil
8. Mulch All Planting Beds
9. Use Salvaged or Recycled-Content Materials for Landscape Elements
10. Reduce Light Pollution
11. Collect and Retain Rainwater for Irrigation
D. Structural Frame and Building Envelope
1. Apply Optimal Value Engineering
2. Use Engineered Lumber: a) Beams and Header b) Insulated Engineered Headers
c) Wood I-Joists or Web Trusses for Floors d) Wood I-Joists for Roof Rafters
e) Engineered or Finger-Jointed Studs for Vertical Applications
f) OSB Subfloor g) OSB Sheathing
3. Use FSC-Certified Wood
4. Use Solid Wall Systems
(includes SIPs, ICFs, & Any Non-Stick Frame Assembly)
5. Reduce Pollution Entering the Home from the Garage
6. Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses

7. Install Overhangs and Gutters
8. Install Reflective Roof and Radiant Barrier
9. Replace Single-Pane Windows with High Performance Windows
10. Retrofit with Storm Windows
11. Install Low Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) Window Film on Single-Glazing
12. Retrofit Structure for Earthquakes
E. Exterior Finish
1. Use Recycled-Content or FSC-Certified Decking
2. Install Rain Screen Wall System
3. Use Durable and Noncombustible Siding Materials
4. Use Durable and Noncombustible Roofing Materials
F. Insulation
1. Install Insulation with 75% Recycled Content
2. Install Insulation That Is Low-Emitting
3. Upgrade Insulation to Exceed Current Title 24 Requirements
4. Inspect Quality of Insulation Installation before Applying Drywall
5. Apply Caulking and Weatherstripping
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G. Plumbing Community Energy IAQ/Health Resources Water
1. Distribute Domestic Hot Water Efficiently
2. Replace Toilets with High Efficiency Toilets
3. Upgrade to High Efficiency Water Heater
4. Install Water-Efficient Faucets and Showerheads
H. Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning
1. Design and Install HVAC System to ACCA Recommendations
2. Install High Efficiency, Sealed Combustion Heating Systems
3. Install Zoned, Hydronic Radiant Heating with Slab Insulation

4. Install High Efficiency Air Conditioning with Environmentally Responsible Refrigerants
5. Install Effective Ductwork: a) Install New Ductwork within Conditioned Space
b) Use Duct Mastic on All Ducts & Joints Seams c) Install Ductwork under
Attic Insulation (Buried Ducts) d) Pressure Balance the Ductwork System
e) Protect Ducts during Remodeling and Clean All Ducts before Occupancy
f) Insulate Existing Ductwork
6. Install High Efficiency HVAC Filter
7. No Fireplace or Retrofit Wood Burning Fireplaces
8. Install Effective Exhaust Systems in Bathrooms and Kitchen
9. Install Mechanical Ventilation System for Cooling
10. Install Mechanical Ventilation for Fresh Air
11. Install Carbon Monoxide Alarms
I. Renewable Energy
1. Install Solar Water Heating System
2. Install Photovoltaic (PV) System
J. Building Performance
1. Whole House Inspection/Diagnostic Testing and Make Improvements
K. Finishes
1. Design Entryways to Reduce Tracked-In Contaminants
2. Use Low-VOC or Zero-VOC Interior Paint
3. Use Low-VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes
4. Use Low-VOC Caulk and Construction Adhesives
5. Use Recycled-Content Paint
6. Use Environmentally Preferable Materials for Interior Finishes:
a) FSC-Certified Wood b) Reclaimed/Refinished

c) Rapidly Renewable d) Recycled-Content e) Finger-Jointed
7. Reduce Formaldehyde in Interior Finishes
8. Test Indoor Air for Formaldehyde after Installation of Finishes
L. Flooring
1. Use Environmentally Preferable Flooring: a) FSC-Certified Wood b) Reclaimed or
Refinished c) Rapidly Renewable d) Recycled-Content e) Exposed Concrete
2. Use Thermal Mass Floors
3. Use Flooring That Is Low Emitting
M. Appliances and Lighting
1. Install Water- and Energy-Efficient Dishwasher
2. Install ENERGY STAR® Clothes Washing Machine
3. Install ENERGY STAR® Refrigerator
4. Install Built-In Recycling and Composting Center
5. Upgrade to Energy-Efficient Lighting
6. Install Low-Mercury Fluorescent Lighting
7. Install Lighting Controls
N. Other
1. Incorporate Green Remodeling Checklist in Blueprints
2. Develop Homeowner Manual of Green Features/Benefits
3. Innovation
15
Chapter Three:
Green Remodeling Methods and Materials
GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS
The green methods and materials in these Guidelines benefit building professionals,
homeowners and residents, and the environment. This chapter describes each
measure that is listed in the Green Remodeling Checklist, discusses the conditions
under which it should be used, and describes its benefits. None of these practices
are intended to supersede applicable building codes or other regulations.
The Building Basics sidebars throughout this chapter address general building
principles and best practices, but are not specifically included in the Green
Remodeling Checklist.
“The construction industry is one of the greatest contributors to the depletion

of our planet’s natural resources. As builders, we have both the opportunity
and responsibility to effect a positive change. Over the past five years, we have
seen an astounding increase in clients, architects, and engineers requiring a
knowledge of green building practices; we continue to train our team to meet
this growing market demand.”
—Chris Avant, Canyon Construction, Moraga, CA
16
A. Site
1. Protect Existing Topsoil and Application: or relocating mature trees, shrubs

Minimize Disruption of Existing Limit and delineate the construction and native vegetation. Protect trees
Plants and Trees footprint; restrict heavy equipment and shrubs from construction
that compacts soil, including cars, equipment by placing temporary

Description: fencing beyond their driplines. If the
to areas that are or will be paved or
Soil is a valuable, living resource built over. Identify areas to be paved remodeling project will affect the
that should be protected during as a place to store existing topsoil, if landscaping, look for opportunities
remodeling work. Through careful topsoil needs to be removed from an to create or preserve wildlife corri-
planning and construction practices, area during construction. Protect dors adjacent to open space, wild
valuable soil as well as mature trees stored soil from erosion. lands and creeks.
and other plants can be preserved. Design building additions and
Assess the existing landscape to
determine the feasibility of preserving outdoor features (such as patios) to
BUILDING BASICS Things to Consider before You Remodel

Green Remodeling Starts with Green Design or remediating problems, consult more energy efficient and/or com-
With any size remodeling project, a hazardous materials expert. fortable?
take the time to explore design Pinpointing Comfort and • Will this product save water?
alternatives. If you wait until con- Energy Efficiency Problems • Is this product safe when used or
struction begins to start thinking after it is installed? Will it offgas
Home performance contractors can
about greening the home, you will harmful chemicals?
run diagnostic tests that search for
likely miss opportunities to save • Is this product durable so it won’t
air leaks and moisture problems,
money, curb waste, increase com- have to be replaced or repaired
and gauge the home’s overall
fort, protect indoor air quality, and frequently?
energy efficiency. This process can
improve energy and water efficiency. • Is this product made from recycled
help the homeowner to identify
materials?

With every design choice you make, opportunities for improving comfort,
• Is this product manufactured in
ask yourself: How will this choice reducing energy bills, and creating
an environmentally friendly way?
affect the home’s energy or water a healthier home. To find contractors
• Is this product made locally?
use? What natural resources will be who perform these services, go to
used or wasted as a result of this the websites of CalCERTS Get Paid to Green Your Home
design decision? How might this (www.calcerts.com), the California Electric or gas utilities may offer
choice affect the occupants’ or Building Performance Association rebates for ENERGY STAR®
construction workers’ health? And (www.cbpca.org), or California Home appliances and energy efficiency
then ask yourself: How can I improve Energy Efficiency Rating Services upgrades, as well as free online
this aspect of the design so that it (www.cheers.org). energy efficiency surveys of your
contributes to a healthier environ- Choosing Green Products home. Water districts may offer
ment and a healthier home? free leak detection services, free
To find green products, consult Build
Evaluating Hazardous Materials shower and faucet aerators, land-
It Green’s free AccessGreen Directory
scaping and water audits, and
Before starting a remodeling proj- (www.BuildItGreen.org). When evalu-
free or rebated toilets, dishwashers
ect, consider hazardous materials ating products and processes, ask
and clothes washers. For more
that may be present, such as yourself these questions:
information, check with your
asbestos, lead-based paint or • Will this product make the home local utility or water district.
mold. If you need help identifying
17
minimize the building and hard- Benefit: Salvaged materials may be less
scape footprints and to require Plants thrive in healthy soil. Healthy expensive, of higher quality, or have
little or no grading. When grading soils can also significantly reduce more character than new materials.
is unavoidable, stockpile the existing storm runoff, reduce fertilizer and Application:
topsoil and re-spread it during final pesticide requirements, improve

Deconstructing a whole house or
landscape grading. water quality and conserve irrigation
significant portions of it requires a
After construction, evaluate the water. Protection of existing mature
team of workers experienced in
quality of the stockpiled soil, amend landscape features helps prevent
dismantling buildings. Locate
with compost, and re-spread. Any soil erosion, keeps the home and
a demolition contractor who offers
new soil that needs to be added surrounding environment cooler in
deconstruction services or an
shall be similar to the existing soil the summer, keeps plant waste out
organization that specializes in
in pH, texture, permeability, and of landfills, preserves nature and
salvaging building materials. In
other characteristics, unless soil adds value to the property.
some cases, deconstruction may
analysis reveals that a different type cost more than traditional demoli-
of soil is appropriate. For more 2. Deconstruct Instead of Demolish
tion, but donating the salvaged
information, refer to the resources materials to a nonprofit or charity
Description:
offered by the Bay-Friendly may result in a substantial tax
Landscaping and Gardening Deconstruction of existing buildings
deduction that can offset the cost.
Program at www.BayFriendly.org or and building components is a good
way to salvage quality building Common salvageable materials
the California Friendly Gardening
products that have not yet reached include timber, doors, sinks, fencing,
Guide at www.bewaterwise.com.
the end of their usable life, even if bricks, tile, hardware and light
the building or part of it has.
BUILDING BASICS Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

You’ve heard of the 3-Rs—reduce, tures. Reuse the salvaged materials materials that have a high recycled
reuse, recycle. In green remodeling, on the current project, content. And find salvaged materials
the 3-Rs start at the earliest stages or sell or donate them so that at local salvage stores and demolition
of design, by thinking creatively someone else can use them. sales, or through websites such as
about how to reduce waste. Design The other side of the deconstruction Craigslist.org and Freecycle.org.
the project so that you reuse as coin is design for deconstruction. Other helpful resources include
much as possible of the structure, How will the decisions you make Seattle’s Salvage and Reuse Guide
finishes and furnishings. Keep in today affect the ease with which (www.seattle.gov/dpd/GreenBuilding),
mind, though, that sometimes it people can deconstruct the home Green Building in Alameda
makes sense to replace items, such in the future? Materials that are County’s Builders’ Guide to Reuse
as electricity-guzzling refrigerators, screwed together rather than and Recycling
with new energy-saving products. glued, for example, are easier to (www.BuildGreenNow.org),
Keep usable materials out of land- dismantle and reuse. and the California Integrated
fills by deconstructing instead of Waste Management Board
Recycling of construction and
demolishing the rooms that will be (www.ciwmb.ca.gov).
demolition waste is a common-
remodeled. Deconstruction involves sense practice, but don’t stop with
manually unbuilding and salvaging recycling what you don’t need.
building materials, trim and fix- Close the loop by choosing new
18
fixtures. Reclaimed lumber, in the 3. Recycle Construction and materials to a nonprofit or charity
form of studs, beams, Demolition Waste may result in a substantial tax
flooring and trim, is among the deduction that can offset the cost.
most valuable and available of Description:
Common salvageable materials

salvaged building products. Each year over 9 million tons of include timber, doors, sinks, fencing,
For Alameda County resources, construction and demolition (C&D) bricks, tile, hardware and light
download the Builders’ Guide to debris is disposed of in California fixtures. Reclaimed lumber, in the
Reuse and Recycling at landfills. This represents 22% of form of studs, beams, flooring and
www.BuildGreenNow.org (in the the statewide waste stream. trim, is among the most valuable
Design & Building Professionals Remodeling waste generally consists and available of salvaged building
section under Construction & of wood, drywall, metal, concrete, products. Refer to the resources
Demolition Recycling). For statewide dirt and cardboard. It can also listed in item #2, Deconstruct
information, contact the California include plant debris (green waste) Instead of Demolish.
Integrated Waste Management Board from the landscape. Much of this
Benefit:
at www.ciwmb.ca.gov. material can be reused or recycled.
Many salvaged building materials
Application:
Benefit: are beautiful and high in quality.
Many salvaged building materials Deconstructing a whole house or Reusing building materials generates
are beautiful and high in quality. significant portions of it requires a less waste and pollution than
Reusing building materials generates team of workers experienced in recycling does, decreases disposal
less waste and pollution than dismantling buildings. Locate a costs and increases landfill capacity.
recycling does, decreases disposal demolition contractor who offers Donations of salvaged building
costs and increases landfill capacity. deconstruction services or an materials to nonprofit groups may
Donations of salvaged building organization that specializes in be tax deductible.
materials to nonprofit groups may salvaging building materials. In
be tax deductible. some cases, deconstruction may
cost more than traditional demoli-
tion, but donating the salvaged
19
B. Foundation
1. Replace Portland Cement in Application: strength, reducing permeability and

Concrete with Recycled Flyash or Slag Up to 50% of cement can be reducing corrosion of reinforcing
replaced with flyash or slag in steel. Using flyash or slag also
Description: reduces the amount of cement and
many residential concrete mixes.
Flyash is a byproduct of coal-burning However, high-volume flyash or slag water needed, thereby decreasing
power plants. It is typically landfilled, mixes (35% replacement or more) the overall environmental impacts
but can be an inexpensive and may require longer cure times and of cement production and water
quality substitute for a portion of the different finishing techniques than sourcing. Cement production
Portland cement in concrete. standard concrete. Consult a struc- is energy intensive; it accounts
Concrete suppliers routinely replace tural engineer for information. for more than 6% of the world’s
10 to 15% of the Portland cement carbon dioxide emissions that
Benefit:
in their mixes with flyash. Slag, a contribute to global warming.
byproduct of the steel industry, may Flyash and slag improve the per-
also be used like flyash to replace formance of concrete by increasing
some of the cement.
BUILDING BASICS Incorporate Passive Solar Heating and Cooling
need to run the heating system. • Design windows and operable sky-
Passive cooling involves using lights to catch prevailing breezes
roof overhangs and other exterior and provide natural ventilation.
window shading to keep the sun • The recommended south-facing
out in summer, taking advantage window glazing for passive solar
of internal thermal mass to moderate buildings is a low U-factor, such
temperature swings. In addition, as 0.40, and a high solar heat
Trellises to reduce heat gain
ventilating the home with cool gain coefficient (SHGC), such as
night air reduces or eliminates the 0.65 or higher. See Section D
Although it is easier to incorporate
for information about window
passive solar techniques when building need for air conditioner operation.
glazing technologies.
a brand-new home, every remodeling What follows are some basic passive
• Insulate the building to a very
project should also be evaluated to solar heating and cooling strategies.
high level and reduce infiltration
identify passive solar opportunities. • Consider the orientation of the so that stored heat won’t be lost
The basic approach involves allowing home or addition at the start of too quickly.
sunlight to enter the space during any project. South-facing walls • Reduce solar heat gain through
the winter, yet be blocked during the and windows will receive the exterior surfaces by using light
hottest times of the summer. This most sunlight. Design roof over- exterior colors or paints with
is achieved with proper building hangs for south-facing windows reflective pigments, ENERGY
and window orientation and with to let sun in during the winter STAR® roofing materials, and/or
exterior shading. and keep sun out in the summer. radiant barrier roof sheathing.
In the winter, the sun’s energy is • Use thermal mass wall and floor
For more information about passive
captured and stored during the day materials to absorb heat and cold.
solar design for homes, visit the U.S.
in building materials that have high • Incorporate awnings, trellises and
Department of Energy’s website,
thermal mass, such as concrete, deciduous shade trees to limit
www.eere.energy.gov/buildings/info/de
stone or ceramic tile floors. In the summertime solar heat gain
sign/integratedbuilding/passive.html.
evening, those materials radiate their through south-, east- and west-
heat to interior spaces, reducing the facing windows.
20
2. Retrofit Crawl Space to Control Benefit: home, and allows the homeowner
Moisture to more easily inspect for termite
Dry crawl spaces can significantly
tunnels around the home’s
Description:
reduce moisture intrusion into a
foundation wall.
home, thereby improving indoor air

Crawl spaces are common in Make framing materials difficult
quality and the structure’s longevity.
California homes. Unfortunately, for pests to reach by keeping the soil
most crawl spaces are underventi- 3. Design and Build Structural that is adjacent to the foundation
lated and are often the source of Pest Controls away from the home’s framing and
moisture problems in the home. siding. For new construction, the
Retrofitting crawl spaces can help Description:
distance between the soil and the
reduce moisture problems. Pests are attracted to moisture, framing/siding materials should be
Application: darkness, food and rotting wood. 12 inches.
Ants, termites and other pests can
Control ground moisture by covering Also consider deterring pests by
damage cellulose-based building
the entire crawl space floor with using low toxicity borate-based
materials, but some chemical
a durable vapor barrier (plastic wood preservatives on oriented
treatments designed to deter pests
sheeting that is at least 6 mils strand board (OSB), plywood and
may also be toxic to humans and
thick). The vapor barrier can be pressure-treated lumber. Borates
other animals. Permanent, structural
installed by a building professional are naturally occurring mineral
pest controls can physically hinder
or a handy homeowner. Overlap the preservatives that are not appetizing
pests along their typical pathways
sheets, pin them to the ground, seal to carpenter ants and termites,
of entering the home.
the seams with tape and then apply thus protecting the wood from
mastic over the tape. Carry the vapor Application: damage due to pests. Another option
barrier up the foundation wall at Include physical pest controls for is to use building materials that do
least 12 to 18 inches above the all new foundations, and retrofit not contain cellulose.
level of the exterior soil. existing foundations with structural Benefit:
Prior to installing the vapor barrier, pest controls whenever possible.
Physical pest controls are permanent
consider installing a French drain Install a continuous, durable termite
controls that reduce the need to
system outside the foundation wall shield around all foundation slab

use chemicals. They also increase
and in the crawl space to divert penetrations (such as pipes), at the
the durability of the home’s structural
water. Consult a moisture control junction of the foundation or piers
elements, reducing the time and
expert for your specific situation. and the wall framing, and wherever
money needed for repairs. Nontoxic
slab perimeter insulation is installed.
If appropriate, consider going a step pest controls help protect the
further by conditioning the crawl When structural wood elements building from pest damage while
space. This involves insulating the (such as posts, stairs and decks) also protecting human health.
crawl space walls, closing the vents, are in constant contact with concrete
and bringing into the crawl space a or soil, they remain moist for pro-
small amount of conditioned air longed periods. Create a separation
from the home’s heating and cool- to allow water to drain and wood
ing system. Consult with your local to easily dry out.
building department and follow Locating all plants at least 36
best building science practices. inches from the foundation keeps
For more information, visit roots away from the foundation,
www.crawlspaces.org and reduces the chance of pests traveling
www.buildingscience.com. from nearby branches onto the
21
C. Landscape
To learn more about the practices described in this section, visit the websites of the
Bay-Friendly Landscaping and Gardening Program (www.BayFriendly.org), the
California Friendly Garden Program (www.bewaterwise.com), and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency’s WaterSense program (www.epa.gov/watersense).

Use the AccessGreen Directory at www.BuildItGreen.org to find suppliers of environ-
mentally sound landscaping products, native plants, mulch and compost, soil testing
services and more.
1. Construct Resource-Efficient www.BuildItGreen.org lists soil 2. Use Fire-Safe Landscaping

Landscapes testing laboratories. Techniques
Select drought-tolerant species that
Description: Description:
are appropriate for the site’s soil and
Conventional residential landscapes microclimates, such as California California’s hot, dry climate
are often designed without regard natives, Mediterranean or other well- makes fire protection an important
for climate and soil conditions. adapted species. Plant a variety of consideration for landscape design,
Typically, they require high inputs of trees, shrubs and other perennials especially because many homes
water and chemicals and produce and limit annuals. Find out which are adjacent to areas that may
excessive plant debris from pruning invasive species are problematic be prone to wildfires. Simple
and mowing activities. Invasive locally; do not include them in the landscaping design practices
plants used in landscaping often planting palette and eliminate any can help defend the homes by
escape into natural areas, where from the site before planting. See reducing fuel accumulation and
they can spread rapidly, crowd out the California Invasive Plant Council interrupting the fire path.
native plants, degrade wildlife habitat website at www.Cal-IPC.org for a list Application:
and increase the wildfire fuel load. of local invasive species for your area.
Determine whether the site is in

Resource-efficient landscapes use
Give plants plenty of room to mature, a high-risk area. Map the site,
plants and techniques that are better
reducing the need for pruning and identifying exposure to prevailing
suited to local soils, wildlife, rainfall
shearing. Limit turf to the smallest winds during the dry season and
and climate.
area that will meet recreational needs steep slopes that can increase
Application: (see Minimize Turf Areas, below). wind speed and convey heat.
Evaluate the climate, exposure and Include a site for composting and Identify adjacent wildlands or open
topography of the site. Assess the soil mulching plant debris. space, as well as south- and west-
quality. Have the soil professionally facing slopes and their vegetation,
Benefit:
analyzed for texture, nutrients, particularly species that burn readily.
A diverse landscape of native species
organic matter content and pH, For sites adjacent to fire-sensitive
supports beneficial birds, bees and
especially if the topsoil was not open space or wildlands, create
other insects and may resist disease
protected during construction defensible space around buildings;
and other pests better than one with
activities. If soil amendments are this is an area where vegetation is
little variety. Choosing and placing
advised, ask the laboratory to modified to reduce fuel load and
plants appropriately will also reduce
recommend organic or environ- allow firefighters to operate. Use
the amount of plant debris sent to
mentally friendly amendments. irrigated, low-growing, fire-resistant
landfills and water used for irrigation.
The AccessGreen Directory at vegetation, patios, paving stones
and other low-risk features in the
22
zone immediately surrounding the Also see the City of Oakland’s reduce fuel for fires. Construct
structure. publication, Fire Wise Native roofs, siding and decks with fire-
Plants, at www.oaklandnet.com/ resistant materials. Consider
Specify plants with low fuel volume
wildfirePrevention/Plants.html. alternatives to wood fences, such
and/or high moisture content.

Do not plant trees and shrubs as rock or concrete walls.
Avoid plants with high oil content
or that tend to accumulate an at distances where limbs and Benefit:
excessive amount of dead wood branches will reach the house Fire-safe landscaping reduces risks
or debris. For information about or grow under overhangs as they of harm to residents and firefighters,
choosing fire-resistant plants, visit mature. To minimize fire ladders, and protects valuable personal and
the websites of the Bay-Friendly do not plant dense hedges or community assets.
Gardening and Landscaping space tall vegetation too closely
Program (www.BayFriendly.org) or together. Use mulch (except fine
the California Friendly Gardening shredded bark) and decomposed
Guide (www.bewaterwise.com). granite to control weeds and
1 Permeable paving on driveway and 7 Plants selected to match 11 Mulched paths keep soil covered
walkway to front door the microclimates
12 Drip irrigation for vegetable beds,
2 Water from roof channeled to cistern 8 Irrigation controller waters hydrozones shrubs, trees and elsewhere
according to plant needs, soil moisture where feasible
3 Water for wildlife habitat
and weather
13 Raised beds are constructed from
4 Pavers with spaces and low water use
9 Deciduous trees placed to the west & plastic or composite lumber
plants between
southwest of the house & patio for
14 Compost bin recycles plant and
5 Front lawn replaced by diverse summer cooling
kitchen debris
plantings with many California native
10 Repository for leaves to collect under
groundcovers, shrubs and trees, but 15 Evergreen windbreak blocks north
trees as mulch
no invasive species winter winds
6 All plants given the space to grow 16 Trees not topped but pruned properly
to their natural size
17 Small lawn in backyard where family
will use it
15

16
14
17
12 13
2
11
9
1
3
8
4
10
7
5
23
3. Minimize Turf Areas 4. Plant Shade Trees the neighborhood more beautiful
and increasing property values.
Lawns (or turf) are useful for During summer months, the sun 5. Group Plants by Water Needs
recreation and relaxation, but turf heats up homes, which makes air (Hydrozoning)
requires frequent cutting, watering conditioners work harder and
Description:
and application of fertilizers or drives up peak electricity demand.
other chemicals to stay green Large shade trees keep direct sun Different plants have different
during California’s long dry season. off the roof, walls and windows water requirements. Hydrozoning
in the summer, thereby lowering involves dividing the landscape into
Application:
cooling costs and increasing zones of low, medium and high
Replace decorative lawns with water use to prevent overwatering.
comfort while providing an attractive
water-conserving California native
and valuable landscape. Application:
groundcovers or perennial grasses,
shrubs and trees. If lawns are Application: Group plants by water needs, creating
desired, plant in small areas where Augment the existing tree cover on irrigation zones based on the plants’
they are most likely to be used for the site, particularly to the west of water requirements and their
play and relaxation. Choose plant the building, by planting California exposure. Delineate each hydrozone
species that are native or regionally native or other Mediterranean tree on the site, irrigation and planting
appropriate and have a water species that are drought tolerant plans. Place thirstier plants in
requirement less than or equal to and appropriate for the site’s soil relatively small, highly visible areas
tall fescue. Avoid planting turf on and microclimates. Plant trees to and if possible, in spots that
slopes greater than 10% or in shade walls, windows and paved
irregularly shaped areas that cannot areas. If the building design includes
be irrigated efficiently. Avoid turf passive solar heating, do not plant
in isolated areas (driveway strips) or trees too close to the home’s south
other areas less than 8 feet wide on side. Avoid planting trees too close
the shortest side, unless irrigated to utilities. Plant a variety of decid-
with subsurface irrigation or micro uous trees and give them plenty of
spray heads. room to mature, reducing the need

Benefit:
for pruning and shearing.
Minimizing turf conserves water. If Benefit:
a 1,000-square-foot lawn needs 1 Shade trees can create a microcli-

inch of water per week, reducing it mate that is up to 15°F cooler than
to 500 square feet can save approx- the surrounding area, and can
imately 10,000 gallons of water per reduce summer air-conditioning
dry season. Minimizing turf reduces costs by 25 to 40%. Peak electricity
the need for mowing and removing demand is at its highest during
grass clippings. Chemical use late afternoons in the summer;
may also be decreased, thereby shade trees play an important role
protecting the quality of local in reducing this demand. Trees
waterways and aquifers. provide numerous additional benefits
Landscape before and after an upgrade
including absorbing carbon dioxide, that reduced lawn size, increased diversity,
cleansing the air, creating habitats improved property values, cut water bills
for birds and other creatures, provid- by 50% and reduced maintenance costs
ing play places for children, making by 20%.
24
naturally collect water. Plant the Application: Adding good quality compost before
larger areas with drought-tolerant Design the irrigation system to meet or planting brings life to the soil and
species. Install separate irrigation exceed the requirements of your local feeds existing soil organisms, fueling
valves for different zones. Consider water conservation ordinance. Install many natural processes that supply

that some California natives do drip, subsurface drip or low-flow nutrients, minimize disease and
not tolerate water in the summer irrigation systems in place of standard improve soil quality.
after they are established; be sure systems for all landscape applications. Application:
to separate them from plants
A smart irrigation controller will Assess the soil quality on site. Have
that need ongoing irrigation.
provide even more water savings. the soil professionally analyzed for
Benefit: Choose a smart irrigation controller texture, nutrients, organic matter
Hydrozoning matches irrigation that has at a minimum the following content and pH, especially if the
to the plants’ water requirements, capabilities: 1) automatic periodic topsoil was not protected during
conserving water and fostering adjustments to the irrigation program, construction activities. If soil amend-
resistance to pests and disease. accomplished through external ments are advised, ask the labora-
Plant mortality is also reduced, sensors, internally stored historical tory to recommend organic or
saving time and money. weather data or a provider-supplied environmentally friendly amendments.
signal, 2) multiple start times, 3) run- For soil testing services, check with
6. Install High Efficiency times able to support low-volume your local landscaping professional
Irrigation Systems applications, 4) irrigation intervals or agricultural extension service;
for days of the week or same day also, the AccessGreen Directory
Description: at www.BuildItGreen.org lists soil
intervals, and 5) more than one
With increasing demand on supplies operating program (for example testing laboratories.
of fresh water, efficient landscaping A=turf, B=shrubs, C=water features). Incorporate 2 to 4 inches of compost
irrigation is vital in California. If necessary, turn off the irrigation into the top 6 to 12 inches of soil,
Efficient irrigation systems apply only system or valve for the landscape or as much as is required to bring
the amount of water that the plants or hydrozone that includes only the soil organic matter content to
need, with little or no waste through low water use California natives, 3.5% for turf and 5% for planting
runoff, overwatering or misting. once the plants are fully established. beds, except for plant species that

Drip and bubbler irrigation tech- Benefit: will not thrive in such soils. Use fully
nologies apply water to the soil at stabilized, certified compost as a soil
High efficiency irrigation systems
the plant root zones at the rate the amendment where appropriate
minimize overspray and evaporation
soil can absorb it, and are often (stabilized compost has been properly
and reduce runoff, dramatically
more appropriate than overhead matured and can be safely handled,
reducing landscape water use
sprinklers in areas that are narrow, stored and applied to the soil).
while preventing disease and mini-
oddly shaped or densely planted, Loosen all planting and turf areas to
mizing weed growth that results
or in areas such as parking lots a minimum depth of 6 inches prior
from overwatering.
and medians. Low-flow sprinkler to final landscape grading. Topdress
heads apply water uniformly and with compost on turf and around
7. Add Compost to Promote
slowly. Smart controllers regulate established shrubs and trees.
Healthy Topsoil
the irrigation program based on
Benefit:
weather or moisture sensors, historic Description:
Compost can increase permeability,
data or a signal. A rain sensor over- A robust, living soil with sufficient water-holding capacity and plant
rides the system in the event of organic content is the foundation nutrient availability. This encourages
rainy weather. of a water-conserving, resource- healthy plant growth, improves the
efficient, thriving landscape.
25
ability of the soil to filter pollutants, glass cullet can be used to create and where needed. Exterior lighting
improves water quality, reduces irri- beautiful walkways. that provides low contrast on critical
gation needs and lowers water bills. areas, such as sidewalks and home
Application:
entrances, is better for visual acuity
Use salvaged or recycled-content
8. Mulch All Planting Beds than overlighting.

materials for hardscapes (planting
beds, patios, edging, walls, walk- Eliminate all unshielded fixtures
Description:
ways and driveways) and other that let light escape skyward or
Mulch is any material spread evenly trespass on neighboring properties,
landscape features (for example,
over the surface of the soil. Organic such as floodlights. Look for
benches and play equipment). If
materials, including chipped land- fixtures certified by the Dark Sky
recycled-plastic or composite lumber
scape debris, are preferable over Association for light pollution
is not appropriate, use FSC-certified
inorganic materials because they reduction (www.darksky.org).
sustainably harvested wood.
supply nutrients over time and provide
Benefit:
wildlife habitat. Benefit:
For landscaping and hardscaping, Reducing light pollution minimizes

Application:
recycled plastics or composites are neighborhood or wildlife habitat
Apply and maintain a minimum of disruption and saves energy.
generally much more durable than
2 to 3 inches of natural mulch to all
wood, because they do not rot,
soil surfaces or at least until plants 11. Collect and Retain Rainwater
crack or splinter or require ongoing
grow to cover the soil. Do not place for Irrigation
wood treatments.
mulch directly against any plant
stem or tree. Designate areas under Description:
10. Reduce Light Pollution
trees and away from hardscapes or Rainwater can be channeled
storm drains as repositories for through gutters and downspouts
Description:
fallen leaves to remain as mulch. to an above-ground cistern or
Light pollution occurs when outdoor
Buy mulch produced from urban underground gravel dry well, and
light fixtures let light escape onto
plant waste debris, or from local then used later for landscape
neighboring properties and into
suppliers within a 150-mile radius. irrigation. It can also be retained
the night sky.
Benefit: in bioswales or rain gardens.
Application:
Mulch can conserve water, reduce Application:
Avoid outdoor lighting where it is
weed growth and simplify Install wherever there is guttered
not needed. Rather than leaving
maintenance operations. roof runoff and room for the cistern,
outdoor lights on all night, use
lighting controls such as motion dry well, bioswale or rain garden.
9. Use Salvaged or Recycled-Content Bioswales are gently sloped drainage
sensors, timers and photosensors
Materials for Landscape Elements courses that slow the flow of rain-
so that the lights are only on when
water, allowing it to percolate into
Description:
Recycled concrete wall (urbanite) the soil. A rain garden is a planted
Landscape elements present many depression that absorbs or slows
opportunities for using salvaged or rainwater runoff.
recycled materials. Recycled-plastic
Benefit:
lumber or recycled-composite
lumber makes a very durable land- Water catchment reduces the
scape edging. Broken concrete can need to use municipal or well
be used to make a very attractive water for irrigating lawns and
retaining wall or path, and tumbled gardens, and reduces the volume
of rainwater flowing into
municipal sewage systems.
26
D. Structural Frame and Building Envelope
1. Apply Optimal Value Engineering finger-jointed studs and oriented b. Insulated Engineered Headers
strand board (OSB).
Description: Engineered headers with preinstalled
Application:
Optimal Value Engineering (OVE), insulation are lighter than solid
Use engineered lumber instead of

also known as advanced framing, wood headers, do not shrink
solid-sawn lumber wherever appli- (reducing cracks in drywall), and
refers to techniques that reduce
cable. Review structural building insulate better than solid wood.
the amount of lumber used in
plans to make sure that engineered
framing a home, while maintaining c. Wood I-Joists or Web Trusses
lumber is called out on the plans.
structural integrity and meeting the for Floors
The AccessGreen Directory
building code.
(www.BuildItGreen.org) lists suppliers The typical 2x10 and larger solid
Application: of engineered lumber products. lumber used for floor joists can be
Many OVE techniques are suitable a. Beams and Headers replaced with engineered lumber in
for residential remodeling projects, most applications. Not only are I-joists
including placing rafters and studs Engineered beams and headers and web trusses stronger than solid
at 24-inch on center framing instead can easily replace any solid-sawn beams, they are lighter. Some have
of 16-inch, using the right-sized member of similar size or even knock-outs or cavities that allow
headers for the load, using only jack larger. In addition, large solid-sawn ducts, pipes and wires to easily
and cripple studs required for the lumber is often used for headers pass through them, resulting in
load, using insulated headers on and beams when smaller dimension quicker installation.
exterior walls, and building two-stud lumber would suffice.
corners with drywall clips.
Benefit:
Optimal Value Engineering Techniques.
Using OVE techniques saves wood
and construction costs without a
significant reduction in structural
strength. Many OVE techniques also
allow more of the wall to be better

insulated, which improves energy
efficiency and comfort.
2. Use Engineered Lumber
Description:
Solid-sawn lumber in sizes 2x10

and greater typically comes from
old-growth forests or large diameter
trees. Engineered lumber products,
on the other hand, come from small-
diameter, fast-growing plantation
trees. These products include
glued laminated timber (glulam),
laminated veneer lumber (LVL),
laminated strand lumber (LSL),
parallel strand lumber (PSL),
wood I-joists, wood floor trusses,
Adapted from Building Science Corporation
27
d. Wood I-Joists for Roof Rafters shimming and straightening is managed in an environmentally,
crooked walls. economically and socially responsible
For roof rafters, use I-joists instead manner. FSC is the only lumber
f. Oriented Strand Board for Subfloor
of solid lumber. verification rating that maintains
e. Engineered or Finger-Jointed Studs OSB is a type of engineered wood chain-of-custody certification

for Vertical Applications product manufactured from fast- throughout the cutting, milling and
growing farm trees. OSB comes in final delivery of products, thus
Use engineered or finger-jointed sheets and is used as an alternative ensuring that the end product orig-
studs wherever conventional studs to plywood for subfloors. inated from a certified sustainably
are typically used. Finger-jointed managed forest.
Benefit:
studs use short pieces of 2x4 or
Reducing demand for large dimen- Application:
2x6 wood glued together to form
standard stud lengths, while engi- sional lumber decreases pressure to Use FSC-certified solid wood framing,
neered lumber is typically veneers, harvest old-growth or large-diameter engineered lumber, oriented strand
strands or flakes of wood glued to trees. Engineered lumber uses board and plywood. For more infor-
form studs. These studs are all wood fiber more efficiently than mation about FSC certification, go
dimensionally straight and save on conventional lumber. Most engineered to www.fscus.org. For a list of
labor and material costs associated wood products are straighter and FSC-certified wood suppliers, refer
with culling crooked lumber, and stronger than solid-sawn equivalents, to the AccessGreen Directory at
eliminating crooked walls and www.BuildItGreen.org.
reducing material waste.
Benefit:
g. Oriented Strand Board for Wall FSC certification assures that
and Roof Sheathing forests are managed in a way that
protects the long-term availability of
Use OSB as an alternative to
wood resources, the health of forest
plywood for wall and roof sheathing.
ecosystems, and the sustainability
of local economies.
3. Use FSC-Certified Wood
Description: 4. Use Solid Wall Systems

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
Description:
certification assures that the forest
Construction using SIPs. Solid wall systems include structural
from which the wood was harvested
insulated panels (SIPs), insulated
pre-cast concrete, insulated concrete
forms (ICFs), autoclaved aerated
concrete (AAC), and similar
systems that are not constructed
of wood studs.
Application:
Forest Stewardship Council Smart Wood and Scientific
Certification Systems Each of these wall systems involves
specialized installation techniques.
Always follow manufacturer specifi-
The FSC logo on a product provides These groups verify that forest
consumers with an assurance that management is accomplished cations. The AccessGreen Directory
the wood they use comes from forests according to the FSC program. (www.BuildItGreen.org) lists suppliers
managed in an environmentally of solid wall systems.
and socially responsible manner.
28
Benefit: Detached garages provide the most Application:
These walls replace wood stud effective means of keeping garage Install where conventional trusses
construction by including structure, pollutants out of the home. are used. The increased height may
sheathing and insulation in a single Benefit: require modifications to exterior

durable, energy-efficient system. Properly designed and isolated soffit and trim details.
Most solid wall systems improve garages keep polluted air out of Benefit:
home comfort and save significant the home. Energy heels on trusses allow for full
amounts of wood.
insulation around the perimeter, saving
6. Design Energy Heels on Roof energy and reducing utility bills.
5. Reduce Pollution Entering the Trusses
Home from the Garage
Description: 7. Install Overhangs and Gutters
Description:
At the intersection of perimeter Description:
According to the U.S.Environmental walls and the roof framing, there is
Protection Agency (EPA), an attached Overhangs increase a home’s
often increased heat loss, because
garage is the biggest contributor to durability by protecting it from
conventional roof trusses reduce
poor indoor air quality in a home. the elements and helping regulate
the area available for insulation to
Car exhaust contains many known the amount of rain striking walls.
less than 6 inches. An energy heel
carcinogens and can migrate into Overhangs also provide shading for
is a framing technique that raises
living spaces through doors and windows. Gutters provide a pathway
the height of the truss at exterior
cracks in walls and ceilings adjacent for water to exit the roof without
wall top plates to accommodate
to the garage. Other pollutants entering walls and splashing back
the full depth of insulation at the
commonly found in garages include onto the foundation and siding.
home’s perimeter.
benzene from lawn mowers and
power tools, pesticides for gardens,
toxic cleaning agents, and chemicals
in paints and adhesives.
Ventilation baffle
Application:

Use foams, weatherstripping and
caulking to create an air barrier
Standard heel height
between the garage and living areas.
less than 4” for a
Completely seal garage walls and
4/12 pitch
ceilings adjacent to the interior. Doors Compressed
should have full weatherstripping insulation
in this area
and sealed thresholds. Spray-applied
foam insulation that creates a
complete air barrier is recommended.
For added protection, install an
exhaust fan in the garage on the
Energy heel
opposite wall from the door to the
house. It can be triggered by an
electric garage door and put on
a timer to run after the door has
been opened or closed.
Energy heels on trusses allow more insulation
29
Application: Application:
Design at least a 16-inch overhang 8. Install Reflective Roof and Radiant Install cool roofing materials in the
with gutters. This practice is Barrier same fashion as standard roofing.
preferable for the entire roof, but Radiant barrier sheathing can be
Description:
at a minimum should be done for used in place of conventional roof
When radiant energy from the sun
any new additions or substantially sheathing or applied as a reflective
strikes the roof surface, it is converted
remodeled areas of the house. material (foil or paint) to the
to heat energy, which radiates down-

Consider adding deeper overhangs underside of rafters and decking.
ward into the attic and the adjoin-
where needed to shade walls and The AccessGreen Directory lists
ing rooms. Installing a “cool roof”
windows to provide cooling during radiant barrier sheathing products
material that is rated high in
summer. Drain gutters at least 24 and some cool roof materials.
reflectivity and emissivity will
inches from the home and into a ENERGY STAR® lists cool roof
reduce the amount of heat that is
rainwater cistern or toward adjacent products at www.energystar.gov.
driven through the roofing assembly
landscaped areas that are graded
and into the attic. Another method Benefit:
to receive the excess water so as to
of blocking radiant heat is to use Cool roofing materials and radiant
recharge groundwater, filter pollu-
a radiant barrier foil. In retrofit barriers reduce heat build-up in
tants and water vegetation. Check
situations, the foil is installed at attic spaces by not re-radiating heat
with the local building department
the roof rafters. In reroofing situ- from the roof into the home. They
for applicable codes.
ations, you can use a roof sheath- can prevent up to 97% of the sun’s
Benefit: ing product that is laminated at the radiant heat from entering the home
Overhangs and gutters protect factory with the radiant barrier foil. and can bring attic temperatures
siding, windows and doors from
water intrusion, thereby reducing
the likelihood of rot and mold
issues. Overhangs also provide
protection from the sun’s harsh UV
rays, which can degrade building
materials and furnishings.
Overhang Radiant barrier sheathing
30
down as much as 30 to 40ºF on Wood, fiberglass and vinyl frames 11. Install Low-SHGC Window Film
hot days, keeping the whole home generally insulate much better on Single-Pane Windows
cooler and reducing energy than aluminum frames.
consumption for air conditioning. Description:
For more information about window
options, see the Building Basics Window film with a low solar heat
9. Replace Single-Pane Windows sidebar on page 32. Visit www. gain coefficient (SHGC) or shading
with High Performance Windows efficientwindows.org for help in coefficient (SC) can be applied to

choosing the best criteria for windows existing windows to reduce solar
Description: heat gain through the glass while
in your climate and for your specific
Windows play a big role in the application. Check with your local still transmitting light and visibility.
energy efficiency of homes. In the utility company for rebate programs Application:
summer, they can allow unwanted for high performance windows. Window film should only be used
heat into the house, and in the
Benefit: on single-pane windows. Look for
winter, they can account for as much
High performance windows make an SHGC of 0.40 (or SC of .44) or
as 25% of the home’s heat loss.
the home more comfortable and lower. Consider using on all east-
High performance windows reduce
energy efficient. Some wood windows and west-facing windows to reduce
heating and cooling costs and keep
also contain FSC-certified wood, heat gain into the home. Window
the home more comfortable.
further reducing their environmental films can be applied by a commercial
Application: installer; do-it-yourself products
footprint. Fiberglass window frames
When replacing windows, look for are often made with recycled glass. are also available at most home
models with a low U-factor of 0.40 improvement stores.
or less. U-factor is a measure of 10. Retrofit with Storm Windows Benefit:
heat transferred by the entire window
Low SHGC and SC window film
(frame, sash and glass) either into Description:
reduces overheating, improves
or out of the building. Windows Storm windows are temporary comfort and can significantly
with a lower U-factor do a better windows installed over the standard reduce the need for air conditioning.
job of insulating, and therefore window (on the interior or exterior) Window film can also help protect
provide more comfort and energy to improve energy efficiency

furniture, fabrics and floors
savings when it is cold outside. and comfort. from fading.
In addition to a low U-factor, the
Application:
windows should have a solar heat 12. Retrofit Structure for Earthquakes
Measure existing windows and order
gain coefficient (SHGC) that suits
storm windows from a window
your climate and the window’s Description:
supplier. Storm windows are normally
orientation. SHGC is a measure Many older homes in earthquake-
installed in winter to provide additional
of the solar radiation entering the prone areas were not built with
insulation and wind protection.
room through the entire window. sufficient structural support to
An SHGC of 0.40 or less will reduce Benefit:
withstand a major earthquake. In
air-conditioning costs and provide Storm windows improve energy most cases, structural retrofitting
more comfort in warmer climates. efficiency and comfort without the work can be done to help reduce
A higher SHGC will allow more sun need to replace the entire window. the risk of earthquake damage.
to heat the room, which is desirable
in colder climates and in homes
designed for passive solar heating.
31
Application: retrofitting, visit the websites Benefit:
Engage a structural engineer of the California Seismic Homes that are prepared to with-
for recommendations on how to Safety Commission stand an earthquake will be safer
retrofit the home. Refer to local (www.seismic.ca.gov/hog.htm) for residents. Earthquake retrofits
requirements, if any. For more and the Association may also protect the home from
information about earthquake of Bay Area Governments extensive damage and therefore
(www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps). reduce replacement costs and
minimize waste from demolition.
BUILDING BASICS Window Fundamentals

Once upon a time, windows were Manufacturers apply low-e coatings be challenging to get the exact
rarely more complicated than a single to glazing on double-pane windows window performance characteristics
pane of glass mounted in a wood or to reduce heat loss from inside the you desire. Telling suppliers and
metal frame. These days, windows building and reduce solar heat gain window representatives what you
are available in a dizzying array of from outside. A low-e coating can want—even if it is not available
options. Today’s high performance significantly improve a window’s today—may help expand product
windows have many features that energy efficiency. However, when availability in the future.
make them stand out over basic choosing a window, it’s not enough to Replacing Existing Windows
single-pane windows, including: request a low-e coating. It’s important
If you plan to replace existing
• Multiple panes of glass, with to know the specific U-factor and
windows, you will need to choose
an air- or gas-filled space solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)
between retrofit and new construc-
between them, to provide better that’s appropriate for your climate,
tion windows. Retrofit windows are
insulation. In most instances, the window’s orientation, and other
installed quickly by removing the
dual-pane windows are special circumstances, such as
existing window glass and slipping
required by Title 24. whether the home is designed for
in a new window frame assembly
• Improved frame materials to passive solar heating and cooling.
within the existing window frame.
reduce heat transfer and insulate Section D, Replace Single-Pane Be aware that if the existing
better. Wood, fiberglass and vinyl Windows with High Performance windows have moisture problems,
frames generally insulate much Windows, provides general guidance retrofit windows will not necessarily
better than aluminum frames. on choosing energy-efficient win- fix the problems.
• Special low-e coatings on the dows. For more specific guidance,
New construction windows require
glass to keep heat inside in the go to www.efficientwindows.org or
the entire window assembly (glass
winter and outside in the summer. www.energystar.gov.
and frame) be removed prior to
• Warm edge spacers between the Factory-made windows have installation. Flashing, building paper
panes of glass to reduce heat a National Fenestration Rating and sealants must all be reapplied.
flow and prevent condensation. Council (NFRC) label showing the Additionally, stucco or siding may
Choosing the Right Window product’s U-factor, SHGC and other need to be cut away during installa-
performance characteristics tion and repaired after completion.
It is worth taking the time to under-
(visit www.NFRC.org for more Replacing the entire window frame
stand window technology, because
information). This information and substrate requires more effort
the right windows can make a
is also usually available on the and money than installing retrofit
tremendous difference in a home’s
manufacturer’s website. windows, but it’s a better option
energy consumption, as well as its
thermal and acoustic comfort. Some suppliers offer a limited if water damage has occurred.
number of low-e options, so it may
32
E. Exterior Finish
To find suppliers of the exterior finish products and materials described in this section,
go to the AccessGreen Directory at www.BuildItGreen.org.

1. Use Recycled-Content or FSC- wood. Follow the manufacturer’s
Certified Decking installation recommendations closely.
Choose recycled-content lumber that
Description: contains no virgin plastic.
Besides being exposed to the If you prefer wood decking, choose
weather, the deck often gets heavy FSC-certified wood, which comes
foot traffic. Environmentally sound from forests managed in an envi-
alternatives to conventional lumber ronmentally and socially responsible
can extend the life of the deck and manner. Use FSC-certified lumber
conserve natural resources. for all exterior-decking applications
Application: or as structural deck members in
Recycled-content lumber is a conjunction with recycled-content
Recycled-content decking
durable, environmentally sound decking. Choose a species of FSC-
option for nonstructural deck certified wood that is appropriate
wood fiber and recycled plastic. for exterior decking.
components. There are two types
Both can be used in place of red-
of recycled-content lumber: recycled Benefit:
wood, cedar and pressure-treated
plastic lumber, which contains only Recycled-content plastic or composite
lumber for the top planks and
recycled plastic, and composite decking is more durable than most
railing. These products accept
lumber, which combines recycled wood. It doesn’t rot, crack, splinter,
screws and nails, and cut like
BUILDING BASICS Proper Flashing Techniques

Most major building failures and anywhere else that water can enter pipes, vents, decks, sill plates,
construction defect lawsuits are the home. Contractors should steps, railings and other attach-
related to water intrusion into the provide on-site training for workers ments. For more information
building’s walls, ceilings and floors and/or send workers to attend about flashing and other moisture
due to incorrectly installed or classes offered by experts or control techniques, go to
missing flashing. Water intrusion manufacturers that explain proper www.buildingscience.com.
can lead to rot, mold and material flashing techniques.
Wood Siding (cladding)
damage, and may eventually result In the building plans, include detail
in structural problems for the drawings that show how to properly
building and health problems flash windows, doors and roofs.
for the residents. Most of these Water should follow a natural
problems can be avoided by taking drainage path that drains away
the appropriate measures during from building elements through
design and construction. overhangs, downspouts and sloped
Properly flash all roofs, windows, yards. Show proper shingle flashing Flashing
doors, utility penetrations, deck of all penetrations and joints such
Sheathing Building Paper
connections to the structure, and as roofs, windows, doors, chimneys, (drainage plane)
33
or require staining, and isn’t and siding leaks. They also increase 4. Use Durable and Noncombustible
treated with potentially toxic the life of siding materials and Roofing Materials
preservatives. Using recycled-content provide shading on walls to reduce
decking also reduces pressure to heat gain in summer. Description:
harvest forests. FSC certification Forty- to fifty-year asphalt shingles,

guarantees that forests are managed 3. Use Durable and Noncombustible tile, slate, fiber-cement, recycled
in a way that will assure the long- Siding Materials plastic and metal are examples of
term availability of wood resources durable roofing materials. The Class
and the health of forests. Description: A fire rating offers a home the
Sidings made of metal, stone, highest in fire protection.
2. Install Rain Screen Wall System brick, stucco and fiber-cement
Application:
offer a durable and noncombustible
Description: Applicable anytime roofing materials
home exterior.
are specified. The Class A fire rating
A rain screen wall system or
Application: is achieved through the roofing
ventilated drainage plane is an
Use in place of conventional material itself and/or through the
effective solution to external
wood siding. roof assembly as a whole.
moisture penetration. It allows
for an air space between the siding Benefit: Benefit:
and wall structure, protecting the Using these siding materials Short-lived roofing materials result
home from damaging rain intrusion. can reduce repainting and other in more waste going to landfills
Application: maintenance needs, protect the and more money spent on roof
home from fire, and possibly lower replacement. In extreme cases,
When re-siding or building an
the homeowner’s insurance rates, early failure of a roofing material
addition, install siding with an air
especially in fire-prone areas. can result in water damage.
space between it and the structural
wall. Flash all wall openings
correctly and create vent strips at
the top and bottom of the wall.
Benefit:
This system will significantly help

protect a home from moisture Fiber-cement siding
intrusion and associated problems
with rot in the wall structure.
Drainage planes can also reduce
the potential for indoor air quality
problems associated with window
34
F. Insulation
1. Install Insulation with 75% Damp-blown spray cellulose wall insulation Recycled-content batt insulation
Recycled Content
Description:

Fiberglass insulation typically
contains 25 to 30% recycled glass,
with a combination of post-industrial
and post-consumer content. Materials
such as recycled cotton or cellulose
insulation contain up to 80% post-
industrial or post-consumer
recycled materials.
Application:
Choose products with high recycled

content. Post-consumer recycled
content comes from products that
have been used and discarded by a
consumer and are then reprocessed
as a raw material for a new product.
Post-industrial recycled content is
waste material from a manufacturing
process that is reused to create a
new product. The AccessGreen
Directory (www.BuildItGreen.org)
Application: 3. Upgrade Insulation to Exceed
lists product information.
Current Title 24 Requirements
Select a product that has been
Benefit:
tested for low emissions according
Description:
High recycled content reduces to California’s “Standard Practice
Insulation in attics, roofs, and

reliance on virgin raw materials. for the Testing of Volatile Organic
High post-consumer recycled content exterior walls and floors can reduce
Emissions from Various Sources
closes the loop in the curbside energy use for air conditioning and
Using Small Scale Environmental
recycling process and reduce heating and make the home more
Chambers.” For information about
landfill deposits. comfortable. Exceeding the insulation
this standard, go to
levels required by California’s
www.ciwmb.ca.gov/GreenBuilding/
2. Install Insulation That Is Building Energy Efficiency Standards,
Specs/Section01350.
Low Emitting known as Title 24, may provide
Benefit: additional savings and comfort.
Description: Minimizing formaldehyde and
Application:
Many insulation products emit VOCs in the home improves indoor
Upgrade insulation to exceed the
formaldehyde and other volatile air quality.
current Title 24 standards. Check
organic compounds (VOCs).
with a Title 24 energy consultant
Look for products that have been
or your building department for
tested for low emissions by a
recommended insulation R-values
reputable third-party organization
for your climate.
or government agency.
An effective method of insulating
is with a loose fill (cellulose or
35
fiberglass) or spray-applied foam professional inspected for a quality 5. Apply Caulking and
insulation. These are better able installation of insulation in walls, Weatherstripping
to surround pipes and fill gaps, floors and ceilings.
thereby allowing the insulation to Description:
Application:
achieve its full rated R-value as Air leaks in a home often contribute
Pay proper attention to installation
well as effectively seal air gaps. as much to high utility bills and
detail and quality assurance. Install
The ceiling insulation is generally discomfort as poor insulation or
insulation with no gaps or voids.
intended to be installed in ceilings single-pane windows. Air leaks can
Size insulation correctly to fill the
below the attic space, with appro- also allow in unwanted moisture,
cavity side-to-side, top-to-bottom
priate gable or soffit ventilation. pollen, mold, dust and other con-
and front-to-back. Cut or fill batts
taminants. Weatherization involves
Insulate walls of existing wood to fit around wiring and plumbing
sealing leaks by applying caulk,
frame houses to the capacity of without compression. Compared to
foam and weatherstripping to all
the wall cavity. Wall cavities with batts, blown-in fiberglass, blown-in
cracks and seams where unwanted
existing loose-fill insulation can cellulose or spray-foam insulation
air might be able to leak in.
be blown full of new cellulose or typically do a much better job of
fiberglass to increase the density, filling gaps and sealing around Application:
thereby increasing the R-value. pipes. Don’t be tempted to skip Sealing leaks does not require
Insulate floors over crawl spaces the insulation of cavities that are specialized training or tools, just
to the capacity of the floor joist difficult to access. attention to detail. Replace or add
depth as appropriate. Rigid insula- Use a certified Home Energy new weatherstripping around doors,
tion can also be installed to the Rating System (HERS) technician to windows and attic access hatches.
underside of floors to improve inspect the quality of the insulation Behind the faceplates of electrical
thermal performance. installation. For information about outlets and heating/cooling
HERS providers, go to the registers, apply caulk where the
Benefit:
California Energy Commission’s outlets meet the drywall. Use caulk
Increased ceiling, wall and floor or spray foam around air spaces
website www.energy.ca.gov/HERS.
insulation improves comfort, where pipes and wires penetrate
Have the insulation contractor
decreases heating and cooling walls such as under sinks and tubs,
correct any problems before the
requirements, saves money and around exhaust and vent pipes and
drywall is applied.
makes the home quieter. flues, through exterior walls, and in
Benefit:
the attic at the top plates of the
4. Inspect Quality of Insulation Effectively installed insulation walls. Caulk the bottom plates of
Installation before Applying Drywall creates a more comfortable home the wall framing either at or behind
and reduces the owner’s utility the floor trim.
Description: costs. Lower energy demand
Benefit:
Studies show that poorly installed reduces pollution and improves
insulation severely decreases public health. Reducing air infiltration lowers energy
the material’s insulating value. bills, increases comfort and helps
Many homes have poorly installed keep out indoor air contaminants.
insulation, so have your home
36
G. Plumbing
1. Distribute Domestic Hot The most effective means of In larger homes, another way to
Water Efficiently reducing energy and water loss greatly shorten hot water delivery
is to locate the water heater within times is to install an on-demand
Description: 8 to 15 feet (in plan view) of all hot water circulation system. These

Much of the energy used to heat hot water fixtures, including systems consist of a pump with
water at home is lost in long piping bathrooms, the kitchen and laundry. on-demand controls (push button
runs to fixtures located far from the This can be accomplished by or motion-sensor activated) that
water heater. Locating the water stacking or clustering rooms that circulate water from the existing
heater close to usage points reduces need water, and creating a central hot water line through the cold line
heat loss, speeds the rate of hot core mechanical space that could or via a dedicated return loop to
water delivery to the faucet or shower, house the water heater and pipes the water heater. Only one pump
and most importantly, reduces water and integrates the furnace, air is needed to supply hot water to all
wasted down the drain while waiting conditioner and ductwork. fixtures in the same loop. All pipes
for hot water to arrive at a plumbing To reduce the amount of water carrying circulated hot water must
fixture. Larger houses may require wasted while waiting for hot water also be insulated. On-demand hot
hot water circulation systems to to arrive at a fixture, pay attention water circulation works for all
reduce waiting time, but continuous to hot water pipe layout and pipe systems: tanked or tankless water
or timed pump operation wastes too diameter. Design the layout so that heaters, and copper or PEX pipe.
much energy; a better option is an on- it has the shortest runs possible, Benefit:
demand hot water circulation pump. and use the smallest diameter Efficient design and distribution
Application: possible for the appropriate fixture of domestic hot water saves energy,
One easy way to reduce energy loss flow rate. The system should conserves water, uses less piping
is to insulate the entire length of hot be designed so that no more than and speeds hot water delivery.
water pipe from the water heater to two to four cups of water would
the kitchen. An even better option is be wasted by a person waiting for
to insulate all accessible hot water hot water at a shower or faucet.
pipes in the home.

BUILDING BASICS Improving Your Water Heater’s Energy Efficiency
Older storage water heaters do not Also consider installing heat traps. water heater’s inside elements from
have as much internal insulation Heat traps, or back flow preventers, corroding. It should be removed
as newer models sold in California. reduce convection heat loss by pre- from the water heater’s tank every
To reduce the standby energy loss venting hot water from circulating in few years for inspection and
of older models, install jacket the hot water pipes above the tank. replaced when more than six inches
insulation—an inexpensive product Heat traps are installed in pairs at of core wire is exposed at either end
available at most home-improvement the tank: one on the hot water side of the rod. This can be done by a
stores. Jacket insulation wraps and one on the cold water side. The plumber or handy homeowner. Refer
around the tank and reduces the traps are inexpensive, but require to your Use and Care Manual for
heat loss of older water heaters professional installation. the sacrificial anode location, and
by about 10% or more. For new One of the most important aspects make certain the cold water supply
water heaters, make sure that of water heater maintenance is turned off before removing
installing jacket insulation will involves checking, and occasionally it. Information on water heater
not void the warranty. replacing, a water heater’s sacrificial maintenance can be found at
anode. This metal rod keeps your www.waterheaterrescue.com.
37
On-Demand Water Circulation Pump
Cold
Hot
“On-demand” Switch
Water Heater
2. Replace Toilets with High toilets from the California Urban heater, which stores hot water in
Efficiency Toilets Water Conservation Council: a large tank until you need it;
www.cuwcc.org/toilet_fixtures.lasso. 2) a tankless water heater (also
Description: called flash or on-demand heater),
The U.S. EPA’s WaterSense program
Older toilets typically use 3.5 gallons also provides information about which heats water instantly when
of water per flush or more. Standard high efficiency toilets; go to you need it rather than storing hot
new toilets use 1.6 gallons per www.epa.gov/watersense. For a list water; 3) a heat-pump water heater;
flush (gpf). Toilets that use 1.3 gpf 4) a combination water/space heating
of high efficiency toilet suppliers,

or less are called High Efficiency see the AccessGreen Directory at system; and 5) a solar water heater,
Toilets (HETs). HETs are available www.BuildItGreen.org. which is discussed in Section I,
in dual-flush, pressure-assist and Renewable Energy.
Benefit:
conventional gravity-flush models. Water heaters may be fueled by
HETs perform well and allow
Application: either natural gas or electricity.
residents to reduce their water
Replace at least one older toilet with Gas water heating is significantly
and sewer costs. Water providers
a HET. In the past, some models of more energy efficient than electric
benefit from reduced demand on
ultra low-flow toilets didn’t work well, water heating.
their water supplies. Municipalities
but the majority of today’s HET toilets and wastewater agencies benefit
perform well and don’t require multi- from less wastewater to treat. Check
ple flushes. Choose models that meet with the local water provider for
or exceed the performance require- possible rebates.
ments of the Maximum Performance
(MaP) testing report or Uniform North 3. Upgrade to High Efficiency Water Heater
American Requirements (UNAR).
Download a listing of HETs, MaP Description:
reports and UNAR qualifying There are five basic options for
water heating: 1) a storage water Tankless water heater
38
Combined Space and Water Heating that include multiple showerheads
Application:
or jets can total 12.5 gpm or more.
Homes with Gas Service Look for ways to save energy and A better option is a good quality
get the most out of equipment by low-flow showerhead designed
If the home has gas service, choose

combining water heating and space to use less than 2.0 gpm while
a gas-fired storage or tankless water
heating. These systems include providing a satisfying shower.
heater with an Energy Factor (EF)
boilers or water heaters that serve
of 0.62 or greater. EF is the ratio Application:
a home’s heating system as well
of energy output to energy con- Measure the flow rate of existing
as providing domestic water.
sumption of a water heater in a faucets and showerheads (use
typical day. A tankless water heater For more information about water
a bucket marked with volume
requires much less space and is heating options, visit
measurements and a watch). Then,
typically more energy efficient than www.consumerenergycenter.org.
install flow-reduction devices on
a storage water heater. However, Benefit: fixtures that use a high volume of
tankless water heaters typically cost Water heating accounts for a water. Follow the water conservation
more to purchase and install than significant portion of a household’s flow rates recommended by the
storage water heaters. energy use. A high efficiency water East Bay Municipal Utility District
Homes without Gas Service heater may save money and energy. (EBMUD):
• Kitchen faucets: 2.0 gpm or less
An electric storage water heater 4. Install Water-Efficient Faucets
is the least efficient water heating • Bathroom faucets: 1.5 gpm or less
and Showerheads
option. A tankless electric water Showers should use less than 2.0
heater is only slightly more energy Description: gpm. Shower towers should also
efficient than an electric storage Standard faucets in kitchens and use no more than 2.0 gpm total.
water heater. If switching from bathrooms manufactured after Don’t install more than one
electric to gas water heating is 1992 use 2.5 gallons of water showerhead per shower.
not an option, consider replacing per minute (gpm) or more (older For more information about high
the electric storage water heater fixtures use more). Flow reducers efficiency faucets, go to www.epa.gov/
with a heat-pump water heater. come in many forms and are easy watersense. The AccessGreen

Heat pumps are about three times to retrofit into existing sinks and Directory (www.BuildItGreen.org) lists
as efficient as the most efficient faucets. Flow control valves are suppliers of high efficiency faucets
electric water heaters. installed under the sink at the and showerheads.
Tankless Water Heater junction of the angle-stop and
Benefit:
faucet, and can limit water flow
If choosing a tankless water heater, down to 1.5 to 0.5 gpm per side Flow reducers and low-flow shower-
choose gas over electric and install (hot and cold). If you are going to heads can cut water usage by as
it as close as possible to the points of replace faucets, look for products much as 40% with little noticeable
use. The unit should have a variable- with built-in aerators or laminar effect. They also save money by
set thermostat and an electronic flow devices. If existing faucets saving water and reducing energy
ignition, and be appropriately sized. are to remain, buy aerators that used to heat water.
Gas tankless water heaters typically screw into the faucets’ tips.
have more capacity than electric
Federal law since 1994 mandates
tankless heaters; however, that extra
that all showerheads sold in the
capacity to supply hot water may
United States use 2.5 gpm or
tempt some people to take longer
less. Despite this, some shower-
showers, which would reduce their
heads actually use much more
energy saving opportunities.
than 2.5 gpm, and shower towers
39
H. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning
1. Design and Install HVAC System to 2. Install High Efficiency, Sealed directly into a sealed jacket around
ACCA Recommendations Combustion Heating Systems the combustion chamber so that air
from inside the house isn’t used for
Description: Description: combustion. These products also vent
The Air Conditioning Contractors of High efficiency heating equipment combustion gases directly outdoors so
America (ACCA) has developed a set increases comfort, reduces pollution, that they don’t pollute the home.
of calculation manuals—Manuals and lowers energy use and associated Heat Pumps
J, D and S—to determine the greenhouse gas emissions. High
appropriate size and design of a efficiency systems include ENERGY In many climates and in locations
home’s heating, ventilation and air STAR®–qualified sealed combustion where switching from electric to gas
conditioning (HVAC) system. furnaces and boilers, and ENERGY is difficult, electric air-source or
STAR®–qualified heat pumps. ground-source heat pumps are an
Application:
Some heating systems are designed alternative to combustion furnaces
Design and install the HVAC system
to provide both space heating and and boilers. Unlike combustion
according to results obtained from
hot water; the heat source may be heating systems that convert fuel
Manual J (the home’s heat load
a boiler, furnace, solar water heater into heat, heat pumps use the
calculation), Manual D (ductwork
or heat pump. difference between outdoor air tem-
design and sizing) and Manual S
peratures (or ground temperatures)
(equipment selection and sizing). Application:
and indoor air temperatures to
Benefit: Furnaces and Boilers cool and heat your home. Select
Doing these calculations correctly ENERGY STAR®–qualified models
When replacing the furnace or
and installing the system correctly for better energy efficiency.
boiler, select a sealed-combustion
and as indicated by the calculations For more information about
ENERGY STAR®–qualified model
will result in an efficient and effective high efficiency heating systems,
with a 90% or greater AFUE (annual
HVAC system that will deliver comfort go to www.energystar.gov or
fuel utilization efficiency) rating.
and energy savings. www.consumerenergycenter.org
Sealed combustion furnaces, boilers
and water heaters duct outdoor air
BUILDING BASICS When to Replace the Furnace

Pacific Gas and Electric Company furnace turns into usable heat in your utility for information about potential
(PG&E) suggests that if your heating home. The higher the AFUE, the less rebates for high efficiency furnaces.
system is more than 15 years old, energy the system will use and the And if the house doesn’t already
you should consider upgrading it for less money it will take to heat the have a programmable thermostat,
increased comfort and energy savings. home. The AFUE of older furnaces consider having one installed. It can
What makes a newer furnace more may be as low as 50% to 70%. be set to automatically turn the tem-
efficient? Some older furnaces have When replacing a furnace choose an perature up or down at programmed
pilot lights that burn all the time, ENERGY STAR®–qualified furnace times. For example, it can be set to
wasting energy, while new models with an AFUE of 90% or higher (see deliver less heat after you go to bed,
have electronic ignition. Even more Section H, High Efficiency, Sealed and to turn the heat up an hour
significant is the Annual Fuel Combustion Heating Systems). For before you get up. It’s a relatively
Utilization Efficiency (AFUE), which a list of qualifying products, go to inexpensive upgrade that offers
is a rating of how much energy the www.energystar.gov. Contact your local energy savings and convenience.
40
Radiant floor heating Panel Association guidelines which is a refrigerant regulation
(www.radiantpanelassociation.org) device that can help ensure that
and use an RPA-certified the system operates at maximum
installer. To reduce heat loss to efficiency over a wide range of

the ground, the entire slab should conditions. Some air conditioning
be insulated to a minimum of R-5. equipment comes with a factory
installed TXV and others accept
Benefit:
a TXV that can be bolted on by
Many people find hydronic radiant
an HVAC contractor.
heating to be more comfortable than
forced air heating. Hydronic radiant Another good strategy for energy
heating can provide even heat efficiency is a zoned central air
.
throughout a room, reduce drafts conditioning system, which allows
Benefit:
and eliminate duct leakage. two to four zones to be conditioned
Properly sized, high efficiency Hydronic radiant heating systems at different temperatures so only
heating equipment reduces heating are also easily zoned, which allows the spaces being used are cooled.
bills and protects air quality. Sealed residents to turn off the heat in areas When choosing a new air conditioner,
combustion furnaces, boilers and of the home that aren’t being used. make sure that it doesn’t use
water heaters prevent backdrafting. hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)
This can occur when exhaust 4. Install High Efficiency Air refrigerants. HCFCs can destroy the
fans, clothes dryers or leaky ducts Conditioning with Environmentally ozone layer if the refrigerant leaks
negatively pressurize a house; this Responsible Refrigerants out of the air conditioner. R-22
negative pressure can pull carbon (HCFC-22) is an HCFC refrigerant
monoxide into the house from the Description: commonly used in many residential
furnace’s or boiler’s vent flue. Energy-efficient air conditioning cooling systems. The federal Clean
Electric heat pumps can often equipment saves homeowners money Air Act requires that HVAC manu-
provide more efficient heating and and reduces demand for electricity facturers discontinue using R-22
cooling than standard separate from power plants. Environmentally in new air conditioners by 2010.
furnace and air conditioning units. sound refrigerants reduce the risk Some new models already use

of damage to the ozone layer. alternatives to R-22 refrigerant,
3. Install Zoned, Hydronic Radiant Air conditioners are rated according including: R-410a, R-134a, or
Heating with Slab Insulation to SEER, or Seasonal Energy R-407C. Common trade names
Efficiency Ratio and according for these refrigerants are Puron®,
Description:
to EER, or Energy Efficiency Ratio. SUV-410A®, GENETRON AZ20®,
Instead of providing warm air via Higher SEER and EER ratings DuraCool®, and more.
ducts, hydronic radiant heating mean greater energy efficiency. Make sure that refrigerants are
systems circulate hot water through
Application: handled properly; always select
under-floor tubing, wall radiators
Choose an air conditioner with a reputable dealer that employs
or baseboard convectors. Their heat
a SEER of 14 or higher or an EER service technicians who have been
source can be a boiler, conventional
of 11 or higher. While these units EPA certified to handle refrigerants.
water heater or solar water heater.
usually have higher upfront costs, For more information about high
Application:
they are a good investment. Many efficiency air conditioning systems,
Hydronic radiant heating is most utilities offer rebates for higher go to www.energystar.gov or
appropriate in cold climates or in efficiency units. www.consumerenergycenter.org.
homes where air conditioning is not
The air conditioner should have a
needed. Design the system in
thermostatic expansion valve (TXV),
accordance with Radiant
41
Benefit: Truss with insulated recess keeps
duct in conditioned space.
High efficiency air conditioners
save money and energy, and
reduce peak electricity demand.
Installing air conditioning systems

with a TXV lowers utility bills and
saves energy.
If the refrigerant leaks during Steven Winter Associates
replacement, a non-HCFC refrigerant

will not damage the ozone layer.
can cause negative pressure in d. Pressure Balance the Ductwork
5. Install Effective Ductwork the house, which can draw many System
outdoor and indoor contaminants
Description: When a bedroom door is closed, it
into the home, including carbon
typically cuts off the return airflow
Poorly designed and installed ductwork monoxide from gas water heaters
path. This restricts air movement,
lowers heating and cooling system and furnaces. Don’t use duct tape
leading to comfort problems and a
efficiency and capacity, and can to seal ducts; it loses its effectiveness
pressure imbalance, with the bedroom
contribute to poor indoor air quality in a few years. To maintain a tight
pressurized and the rest of the
and comfort problems. seal for decades, use a water-based
house depressurized. This may
mastic at every duct joint and seam
Application: cause infiltration of contaminated
or have professionally installed aerosol
Consider having ducts tested for air from the attic or crawl space,
sealant sprayed into the ducts.
airflow and leakage before and or backdrafting of combustion
after any new work on the HVAC c. Install Ductwork under Attic
appliances. Install an additional
system. The following six strategies Insulation (Buried Ducts)
return duct in the master bedroom
will improve ductwork effectiveness: and other large rooms that can
As a low cost alternative to
a. Install New Ductwork within installing ductwork in conditioned be closed off with a door. Or
Conditioned Space space, the insulation value of duct- install a jump duct or transfer grille
work can be significantly improved between the hall or main living

Install any new ductwork inside area and these rooms with doors.
by burying ducts in loose-fill ceiling
the insulated envelope of the home. e. Protect Ducts during Remodeling
insulation. For this approach to be
The unit and duct runs may be and Clean All Ducts before Occupancy
most effective, duct connections
installed in closets, chases, and
must be tightly sealed.
soffits purposefully designed to Debris and dust from construction
accommodate them, or they may be Instead of suspending ducts from
can lodge in HVAC units and the
installed in an attic that is insulated rafters or trusses, allow ducts to
ductwork, potentially causing
at the roof deck (unvented attic). lay over ceiling joists or the bottom
occupants to have allergic reactions
chord of trusses and blow insulation
b. Use Duct Mastic on All Ducts and and reducing the effectiveness of
over them. To achieve moderate
Joints Seams the blower fan and heating/cooling
coverage, insulate to at least R-38.
elements. As soon as the ducts are
Leaks in the joints between duct- Using supply boots with side
installed, completely seal off each
work have been shown to allow, on instead of top connections keeps
duct register and the HVAC unit to
average, 20 to 30% of conditioned ducts low and aids burial.
block out any construction dust.
air to leak out. Leaky air ducts Use methods and materials that
42
will stay in place under the abuse Benefit: outside. For gas units, the listed
of a typical construction site. The U.S. EPA has identified efficiency should exceed 60%
After construction is completely microparticulates as a leading (only from Natural Resources
finished, vacuum the blower unit cause of respiratory discomfort. Canada, CSA P.4.1-02, “Testing

and ductwork as necessary. By reducing these particles in the Method for Measuring Annual
f. Insulate Existing Ductwork indoor air, a high efficiency filter Fireplace Efficiency”).
protects the HVAC equipment and If it is not feasible to totally
Insulate, to present building code makes the living space healthier. retrofit the existing fireplace, then
levels or greater, any existing duct- at least replace the old damper if
work that is accessible and has no 7. No Fireplace or Retrofit Wood- it no longer seals the flue due
insulation or damaged insulation. Burning Fireplaces to mechanical failure, rust or
Benefit: soot buildup in the chimney. Also
Description: retrofit fireplaces with sealed doors
Effective ductwork practices
significantly reduce energy loss, Burning wood in fireplaces is a and bring outside air for combustion
minimize indoor air quality problems major source of air pollution in the from behind the doors.
and improve occupant comfort. winter, generating up to one-third For more information about retro-
of outdoor air particulates on cold fitting wood-burning fireplaces,
6. Install High Efficiency HVAC Filter nights. In addition, conventional see the Bay Area Air Quality
open fireplaces suck air out of the Management District’s website,
Description: house and send more heat up the www.baaqmd.gov/pio/wood_burning;
HVAC filters remove particulates chimney than they provide to the South Coast Air Quality
from the air. MERV, or Minimum room. In recent years, a number Management District’s website,
Efficiency Reporting Value, is a of cities and counties in California www.aqmd.gov; and the U.S.
metric used to measure an air filter’s have enacted local ordinances Environmental Protection Agency’s
efficiency. The MERV scale ranges that permit the installation of only website, www.epa.gov/woodstoves.
from 1 to 20. The higher the MERV gas-burning fireplaces or U.S. EPA
Benefit:
number, the more efficient the filter certified wood-burning appliances.
EPA-certified wood-burning stoves
is at removing particulates. Existing wood-burning fireplaces

and CSA-rated gas fireplaces
Application: should be retrofitted with airtight
reduce the amount of particulate
Use HVAC air filters rated at doors and working dampers to
pollutants by 75 to 90% compared
MERV 6 to 10. These filters are reduce down-drafting, heat loss
to a standard fireplace. A properly
recommended for cleaner air without and the amount of air drawn from
operating damper reduces drafts in
compromising the performance of the house for combustion. An even
the house when the fireplace is not
standard mechanical systems. better alternative is a gas insert
in use. Airtight doors can reduce
Filters with MERV ratings of more with sealed combustion; these
the heat taken from the house
than 10 create too much resistance products have efficiencies up
as well as reduce drafts when the
to airflow, because the filter media to 85%, compared to typical
fireplace is not in use. Finally,
becomes denser as efficiency fireplaces which are only about
efficient gas fireplaces consume
increases. Only use a filter with 13% efficient.
less gas and save money compared
a MERV of greater than 10 if Application: to conventional gas fireplaces.
the HVAC system is specifically Retrofit conventional wood-burning
designed for it. fireplaces with EPA-certified wood
Clean or replace the filter regularly. or pellet stoves. All units should
Dirty filters reduce air flow and make have combustion air vented
the HVAC equipment work harder. directly into them from the
43
8. Install Effective Exhaust Systems Install kitchen range-hood exhaust 9. Install Mechanical Ventilation
in Bathrooms and Kitchen system vented to the outside. System for Cooling
Use high efficiency range-hood
exhaust systems that are ENERGY
Excessive moisture resulting from STAR®–qualified and vent them to Ceiling fans improve a home’s
poor ventilation is one of the main the outside. ENERGY STAR® units comfort by circulating air. ENERGY
causes of mold issues and building are typically designed to be quieter STAR®–qualified models are energy
failures. Bathrooms and kitchens (less than 4 sones) so that people efficient thanks to improved motors,
produce odors and a lot of moisture will be more likely to use them. blade designs and fluorescent light
that can cause problems if the Don’t buy overpowered hoods that kits; also, they can be operated to
rooms are not properly ventilated. may cause backdrafting of fireplaces either draw warm air upward in
Gas ovens and gas cooktops and other combustion appliances. the summer or push it downward
produce carbon monoxide, nitrogen in the winter.
Benefit:
dioxide and other pollutants. Whole house fans are used instead
Additionally, cooking food produces ENERGY STAR®–qualified bath-
of an air conditioner to cool
odors and particulates. room ventilation fans use 65% less
a house at night. They exhaust
energy, on average, than standard
Application: warm indoor air and bring in
models. They also provide better
These three strategies will help large volumes of cool outdoor air.
efficiency and comfort with less
regulate the home’s indoor air quality: noise, and use high performance Application:
motors that last longer. Bathroom Install ENERGY STAR® ceiling

Install ENERGY STAR® bathroom fans
fans controlled by timers or fans and light kits in areas where
vented to the outside.
humidistats will ensure proper occupants tend to spend more time,
Exhaust all bathroom ventilation use and reduce moisture problems. such as bedrooms and family rooms.
fans to the outdoors, not to the attic. Anchor ceiling fans to ceiling
Venting range hoods to the
Choose ENERGY STAR® qualified joists. For fans with built-in lights,
outdoors reduces the amount
bathroom fans; quieter fans will select models with ENERGY STAR® –
of moisture inside the home,
have a rating of 1.5 sones or less. qualified compact fluorescent light
and helps prevent adverse health
Put all bathroom fans on timer or fixtures. If the fan doesn’t include
effects from combustion gases

humidistat. and cooking emissions. lighting, purchase an ENERGY
Bathroom fans should be controlled STAR®–qualified light kit.
by a timer or humidistat to ensure Install a whole house fan with
proper run-time to adequately variable speeds. A whole house fan
remove moisture from the room. is appropriate for single-story and
Timers are triggered when the multistory homes. In a multistory
lights are turned on, and then run home it must be mounted in a
for a set time; 15 to 30 minutes hallway ceiling on the top floor. An
usually works well. Humidistat insulated, airtight seal is necessary
controllers are even better, as to prevent air leakage through the
they automatically switch on fan in winter. Fans should be sized
when moisture in the air reaches to produce between four to five air
a threshold level, and shut down changes per hour and should have
when the moisture level subsides. two speeds: low speed for continuous
ventilation and high speed. When
the fan is running, you must keep
44
11. Install Carbon Monoxide Alarms
Air Flow with Whole House Fan
Description:
Carbon monoxide (CO) is emitted

from fuel-burning appliances such
as stoves, cooktops, water heaters,
furnaces and fireplaces, as well
as from cars and some landscape
equipment. If a home is tightly
built for energy efficiency but has
leaky HVAC ducts, the air leaks
may depressurize the home and
reverse the flow of exhaust vent
pipes. This can introduce carbon
monoxide from fuel-burning
appliances back into the home,
a process known as backdrafting.
a few downstairs windows open 10. Install Mechanical Ventilation for
to allow the outdoor air in and Fresh Air Application:
to avoid backdrafting of carbon Install a carbon monoxide alarm
monoxide from gas appliance flues. Description:
per manufacturer’s instructions.
The AccessGreen Directory An air-to-air heat exchanger (also Alarms must comply with both UL
(www.BuildItGreen.org) lists called a heat or energy recovery 2034 and CSA 6.19 standards.
suppliers of energy-efficient ventilator) is a mechanical fresh Alarms must be replaced every
ventilation products. air ventilation system that recovers three to five years, as they lose
heat from exhausted indoor air and their sensitivity over time.
Benefit:
transfers it to the incoming fresh
Benefit:
Ceiling fans can make residents feel air stream.
more comfortable while cutting back A carbon monoxide alarm provides
Application:

on their use of heating and air condi- an added level of home safety.
tioning systems. ENERGY STAR®– Install an air-to-air heat exchanger
qualified models provide greater to deliver fresh air to high occupancy
energy savings thanks to improved areas like bedrooms and living
blade and motor design and inte- rooms. Use of this equipment is
grated compact fluorescent lighting. particularly appropriate if a blower
door test of the home shows less
An average whole house fan uses
than 0.35 Natural Air Changes
one-tenth the electricity of an air
per Hour (NACH).
conditioner. Moving large volumes
of air can achieve indoor comfort Benefit:
at higher temperatures without Air-to-air heat exchangers introduce

air conditioning. fresh air into the home while reducing
energy loss by capturing heat from
the exhausted air stream and
transferring it to the incoming air.
45
I. Renewable Energy
1. Install Solar Water Heating water systems, go to the California

Application:
System Energy Commission’s website,
Use only solar water heaters that
www.consumerenergycenter.org.
Description: are SRCC (Solar Rating and
Certification Corporation) certified. Benefit:
Solar water heating systems use

Ensure that there is sufficient Many solar water heating systems
solar panels and water storage to
south-facing roof area for the can provide all the hot water
collect and store heat from the sun
collectors, that the roof structure needed during summer months.
for domestic hot water use or space
will accommodate the system’s For many households, these energy
heating. Solar water heating systems
weight, and that there is adequate savings can offset the cost of the
are typically used to deliver preheated
area near the conventional water system in less than ten years.
water to a standard water heater.
heater for additional mechanical
Solar water heating is more cost
equipment such as storage tanks, 2. Install Photovoltaic (PV) System
effective than ever, as a result
pumps, pipes and controllers.
of new technologies, reliable Description:
products and rising energy prices. Federal tax credits are currently
available for installing solar hot water PV systems convert solar energy into
systems. Consult a tax advisor or solar electricity when sunlight strikes the
energy installer for more information. PV cells. Most residential systems
For more information about solar hot are grid connected; when the PV
Solar water heating system
Solar Hot Water and

Space Heating System
Solar
Collector
Cold
Hot
Hot Water
Storage Tank
Heat
Exchanger
46
system is providing more power Application: The AccessGreen Directory
than the home uses, additional For cost and appearance, the best (www.BuildItGreen.org) lists PV
electricity is fed back into the utility location for PV modules is flush on suppliers. For current rebate
grid. This effectively spins the south-or west-facing roofs. South- and tax credit information,

home’s electricity meter backward facing modules produce more check the California Energy
in what is known as net metering. energy annually, but west-facing Commission’s website,
When the sun is not shining or when modules can take better advantage www.consumerenergycenter.org.
the home requires more electricity of time-of-use rates that are Benefit:
than the PV system can produce, available from some utilities, Benefits include lower energy costs,
the home draws power from the grid. and help reduce the electricity reduced greenhouse gas and other
If there is a power outage, a home grid’s peak load. emissions from fossil fuel–burning
with a grid-connected PV system will If re-roofing a tile or metal roof, power plants, reduced need to
lose power just like homes without building-integrated modules can be develop new power plants, and
PV systems. Adding battery back-up easier to install and are designed improved national energy security.
to the PV system is expensive but to blend in well with the existing
allows the homeowner to keep some roof. For other roof types, specially
electrical systems running during designed racks that anchor to the
power outages. rafters are typically used to mount
the PV panels.
Photovoltaic panel system, Centex Homes, Livermore.
Power meter showing the amount of solar

electricity generated and used.
47
J. Building Performance
1. Conduct Whole House Use a certified Home Energy Perform a combustion safety test if
Inspection/Diagnostic Testing and Rating System (HERS) technician needed to ensure carbon monoxide
Make Improvements to test the duct system’s air delivery is not backdrafting into the
in cubic feet per minute (cfm). home from an open-combustion
Description: The results should be within fireplace, water heater or furnace.

Homes designed to be very energy 10% of design flow calculations.
Benefit:
efficient may still perform poorly. Pressurize ducts and verify that
Testing of a home, especially
Diagnostic evaluations and leakage is under 15%. If leakage
before beginning a remodeling
inspections can help uncover is greater than 15%, make the
project, can reveal unforeseen
errors and fix potential problems necessary improvements to the
issues that affect the home’s
with installation or maintenance. duct system and test again. For
energy efficiency, comfort and
Application:
information about HERS providers,
indoor air quality.
go to the California Energy
It is a good idea to have the
Commission’s website
home tested for thermal envelope
www.energy.ca.gov/HERS.
and HVAC effectiveness at any
time, whether remodeling or Have a blower door test performed
not. Inspection and diagnostic to estimate the interior natural air
evaluations should include the changes per hour (NACH) for the
following three measures: whole house. The NACH should be
close to or less than 0.35; if it isn’t,
make any necessary improvements
and test again.
BUILDING BASICS Exceeding Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards

California’s Building Energy Thanks to Title 24 and other energy lighting throughout the home can
Efficiency Standards, or Title 24, as efficiency policies, the average further reduce energy consumption
they are commonly called, establish California resident uses 40% less and related greenhouse gas emis-
minimum energy efficiency require- energy than residents in the rest of sions, as well as reduce utility bills.
ments for all new building construc- the country. Even though California’s For more information about Title
tion and major remodeling projects energy regulations are more stringent 24, contact the California Energy
in the state. When you remodel a than in the rest of the nation, simply Commission at
home, Title 24 dictates the amount meeting code isn’t necessarily the www.energy.ca.gov/title24 or call the
of insulation required in new walls, best path. Efforts such as upgrading State’s Energy Efficiency Hotline at
the performance of new windows, insulation beyond code, choosing (916) 654-5106 or (800) 772-3300
the size of a new furnace, and higher efficiency heating and cooling (toll free in California).
much more. equipment, and using fluorescent
48
K. Finishes
To find suppliers of the finish products and materials described in this section, go to
the AccessGreen Directory at www.BuildItGreen.org.

1. Design Entryways to Reduce shoes upon entering. Provide features Application:
Tracked-In Contaminants near entryways that encourage the Interior paints with low or zero
removal and storage of outerwear levels of VOCs are available from
Description:
and shoes, such as benches or a most major manufacturers. They
Up to two-thirds of dust and mudroom. For entryways, avoid are applied and perform like
particulates in houses is tracked carpet, and choose easily cleaned conventional paint.
in on shoes. These tracked-in flooring with a hard surface, such
contaminants contain everything Low-VOC paints contain less than
as hardwood, bamboo, concrete,
from soil and pesticides to abrasive 150 grams per liter (gpl) of VOCs for
ceramic tile or natural linoleum.
sand, mold, road grime and bacteria. nonflat finishes, and 50 gpl or less
Benefit: for flat finishes. Paints that contain
Once these particulates are inside
the home, they can be difficult to The home will be cleaner, with less less than 5 gpl of VOCs are classified
get rid of. dirt and other pollution tracked in. as zero VOC. The AccessGreen
Application:
2. Use Low-VOC or Zero-VOC Interior lists zero- and low-VOC paints.
The most effective way to avoid Paint
Benefit:
tracking contaminants into the
home is for people to remove their Description: Low- or zero-VOC paint reduces
the emissions of VOCs, improving
Most interior paints contain volatile
indoor air quality and reducing
organic compounds (VOCs), a major
the formation of smog.
class of indoor and outdoor air
pollutants. Besides affecting indoor
3. Use Low-VOC, Water-Based Wood
air quality, certain VOCs react with
Finishes
other chemicals in the atmosphere,

producing ground-level ozone
Description:
(smog) that can affect human
Conventional petrochemical-based
health. Low- and zero-VOC paints
wood finishes can offgas for months
reduce these sources of pollution.
and be harmful to children and
chemically sensitive individuals.
Offgassing means the solvents
Shoe storage at entryway
BUILDING BASICS Protecting Indoor Air Quality during Construction

During construction, the contractors doorways, for example, allow workers that supply ducts going into furnaces
should take appropriate steps to pro- to enter areas of the home under or air conditioners are sealed and
tect occupants from dust, chemicals construction while protecting the air are not in use during construction
and other airborne contaminants. quality in the rest of the house. activities, which could spread con-
Separate work zones from living Protect duct registers from pollu- taminants throughout the home’s
quarters and take steps to physically tants such as dust, paint spray, duct work. Lastly, consider having
isolate contaminants. Zippered plas- adhesive fumes and more. Ensure ducts cleaned after major remodeling
tic barriers installed at hallways or work is completed.
49
in the product are released into (www.BuildItGreen.org) lists low-VOC 6. Use Environmentally Preferable
the air, contaminating indoor air caulks and construction adhesives. Materials for Interior Finishes
quality. Low-VOC finishes, such
Benefit:
as waterborne urethane and acrylic Environmentally preferable options
Low-VOC caulks and adhesives for interior finishes include materi-
or plant-based oils, are lower

work as well as or better than als that are FSC-certified,
in toxic compounds compared
conventional products, emit fewer reclaimed or refinished, rapidly
to conventional oil-based finishes
pollutants and reduce the risk of renewable, contain recycled-
while providing similar durability.
potentially harmful health impacts. content or are finger-jointed.
Application:
For a listing of environmentally
Use wood finishes with VOC 5. Use Recycled-Content Paint
preferable finish materials and
concentrations of 250 gpl or less.
Description:
suppliers, go to the AccessGreen
If oil-based wood finishes must
Directory at www.BuildItGreen.org.
be used, they should be applied A number of manufacturers have
off-site or allowed to offgas for developed high quality recycled- a. Use FSC-Certified Materials
three to four weeks prior to occu- content latex paints and primers.
Description:
pancy. The AccessGreen Directory The recycled content (ranging
(www.BuildItGreen.org) lists from 20% to 100%) comes from Forest Stewardship Council
low-VOC wood finishes. unused consumer or industrial (FSC)–certified wood comes from
stock, as well as paint recovered forests managed in accordance
Benefit:
from household hazardous waste with stringent sustainable forestry
Using low-VOC wood finishes practices.
collection facilities. The paint is
reduces offgassing, improving
checked for quality and then sent Application:
indoor air quality and reducing
to paint manufacturers for recy- Use FSC-certified wood and wood
the formation of smog.
cling and blending with a portion products in any application that
of new paint. normally calls for conventional
4. Use Low-VOC Caulk and
Construction Adhesives Application: plywood or stain-grade materials,
Latex paint with recycled content such as cabinets, trim, doors,
Description: shelving and window frames.
is applied like conventional paint.

Unlike conventional caulks and Due to the blended nature of the Benefit:
construction adhesives that may paint, it tends to come in a limited FSC certification assures that
offgas toxic compounds for range of colors, and therefore is forests are managed in a way that
months, low-VOC products reduce more typically used for exterior or protects the long-term availability
toxic gases such as aromatic utility room applications. Look for of wood resources and the
hydrocarbons and other petroleum products that are certified by
solvents that contribute to indoor Green Seal to meet quality, per-
and outdoor air pollution. formance, safety and environmen-
tal standards. The AccessGreen
Application:
Use caulks and adhesives with
lists recycled content paints.
VOC concentrations of 70 gpl or
less in place of standard caulks and Benefit:
adhesives for all interior applications Recycled paint is often less

such as installation of framing, sub- expensive than new paint. It also
floors, finish flooring, countertops, reduces the need to manufacture
trim, wall coverings, paneling and new paint and supplies a market
tub/shower enclosures. The for unused paint, rather than
AccessGreen Directory putting it into the waste stream.
Samples of low VOC paints
50
health of forest ecosystems and buildings or vintage claw-foot d. Use Recycled-Content Materials
local economies. bathtubs. Salvaged products also
can cost less than new materials. Description:
b. Use Reclaimed or Refinished
Materials c. Use Rapidly Renewable Materials Some recycled-content interior

finishes, such as molding, are
Description: Description: made from recycled polystyrene
Refinishing rather than replacing Rapidly renewable materials are or other plastics. Recycled-content
existing floors, cabinetry and other made from agricultural products that countertops include recycled glass
interior materials is one of the grow quickly and can be harvested tiles, terrazzo-like materials that
best environmental choices you on a relatively short cycle compared blend recycled glass and concrete,
can make. High quality finish to slower-growing wood. Examples and natural fiber composites
materials can often be salvaged include bamboo, a fast-growing derived from rapidly renewable
from other buildings that are grass that can be harvested in three or recycled resources.
being deconstructed. to five years, and straw, the stalk of Application:
wheat, rice, barley and other grains. Use recycled-content finish materials
Application:
In addition to reusing the home’s Application: in any application where virgin

existing materials, you can purchase Instead of using solid wood, plywood materials are typically used.
high quality salvaged products that or wood-based medium density Recycled-content products are
were removed from demolished or fiberboard (MDF) for interior available for kitchen and bathroom
remodeled buildings. These include finishes, consider rapidly renewable applications such as trim, counter-
reclaimed lumber for nonstructural materials such as straw-based MDF tops, backsplashes, shower walls
applications, such as mantels, and bamboo plywood. and vanity tops.
nonstructural beams, casing, Benefit:
Benefit:
trim, cabinets and doors; cabinetry; Recycled-content products keep
Rapidly renewable materials are
wood flooring; sinks and tubs; valuable resources out of the waste
attractive, durable and reduce
electrical products or fixtures; stream. Recycled-content trim materials
pressure to harvest forests.
and roofing materials. are often straighter and more stable
Bamboo is as durable as most

Numerous salvaged building material hardwoods typically used for than conventional clear wood.
suppliers in the state as well as interior finishes. e. Use Finger-Jointed Materials
materials exchange groups such
as Craigslist.com and Freecycle.org Description:
can help locate materials for your Finger-jointed trim, studs and fascia
project. The California Integrated are manufactured from short
Waste Management Board pieces of wood glued together to
(www.ciwmb.ca.gov) also provides create a finished material.
information about material reuse.
Application:
Benefit:
Use finger-jointed materials in any
Reclaimed and refinished building application where the materials are
materials reduce resource consump- to be painted.
tion and landfill deposits. Many
Benefit:
salvaged products are of higher
quality than new materials, such as Finger-jointed elements are
lumber taken from deconstructed straighter and more stable than
conventional clear wood, and use
wood more efficiently.
Salvaged wood countertop

51
7. Reduce Formaldehyde in Interior www.chps.net, lists products tested home that aren’t being remodeled,
Finishes for schools; some of these may especially in houses more than 10
also be appropriate for homes. years old, will likely have formaldehyde
Description: concentrations well below the ARB
Benefit:
Formaldehyde is often used as a recommended threshold.

Reducing formaldehyde exposure
binder in home-building products A home test can be performed to
helps protect the health of
such as plywood, particleboard and measure average indoor concentra-
residents, particularly children,
other composite wood products. These tions of formaldehyde. Test the
who are most susceptible.
binders come in two basic forms: urea building after installation of all
and phenol. Urea-formaldehyde finishes. For information about
8. Test Indoor Air for Formaldehyde
binders are common in interior-grade formaldehyde and home test kits,
after Installation of Finishes
products. Phenol-formaldehyde go to the California Air Resources
binders are used in exterior Description: Board website, www.arb.ca.gov/
applications because they are more research/indoor/indoor.htm.
The California Air Resources Board
water resistant. This water resistance
(ARB) has classified formaldehyde Benefit:
quality makes phenolic glues offgas
as a Toxic Air Contaminant. ARB Reducing formaldehyde can
more slowly and in lower quantities
recommends that formaldehyde decrease the risks associated
than urea glues, reducing some
levels inside buildings be as low as with exposure.
of the harmful effects on indoor
possible (no greater than 27 parts
air quality.
per billion) because of formalde-
Application: hyde’s cancer-causing potential.
Whenever possible, use interior Formaldehyde, a colorless gas, is
materials (including subfloor and usually present at higher levels in
stair treads, cabinets and countertops, indoor air than outdoor air, in part
interior trim and shelving) that because it is used as a binder and
emit little or no formaldehyde. preservative in many common
Select materials that have been building products and furniture.
tested for low emissions and certified Formaldehyde evaporates from
to meet California’s Section 01350 products into the home’s interior,

criteria, “Standard Practice for the often for many years after the
Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions product is installed.
from Various Sources Using Small Application:
Scale Environmental Chambers.” Using low-emitting products such
Currently there is little information as those mentioned in these
available about Section 01350- Guidelines will usually lower
compliant products for homes, formaldehyde to below ARB’s
but the Collaborative for High thresholds for any newly remodeled
Performance Schools’ website, spaces. Existing areas of the
Recycled-content glass tile and concrete
bathroom counters
52
L. Flooring
1. Use Environmentally Preferable b. Use Reclaimed or Refinished (www.ciwmb.ca.gov) also provides

Flooring Materials information about material reuse.
Benefit:
a. Use Forest Stewardship Council Description:
Reclaimed and refinished

(FSC)–Certified Wood Flooring Refinishing your existing floors
building materials reduce resource
instead of replacing them is one
Description: consumption and landfill deposits.
of the best environmental choices
FSC-certified wood flooring comes Many salvaged products are of
you can make. An alternative to
from forests managed in accordance higher quality and often cost less
refinishing existing floors is to
with stringent sustainable forestry than new materials.
purchase high quality salvaged
practices. FSC-certified products wood flooring or other salvaged c. Use Rapidly Renewable Flooring
are available in a wide variety of flooring products removed from Materials
domestic and exotic species. demolished or remodeled buildings.
Description:
Application:
Application:
Bamboo, cork and natural linoleum
Use FSC-certified wood in place Use low-VOC sealers when refinishing flooring are alternatives to conventional
of conventional hardwood flooring. existing or reclaimed wood floors. hardwood flooring, carpet or vinyl
Benefit: If existing ceramic or stone tiles flooring. Bamboo, which is as durable
FSC certification assures that are in good shape, consider cleaning as most hardwoods, is a fast-growing
forests are managed in a way that and polishing them rather than grass that can be harvested in three
protects the long-term availability replacing them. to five years. Cork is harvested from
of wood resources, the health of Find salvaged flooring from the outer bark of the cork oak tree;
forest ecosystems, and the sustain- building materials reuse stores the tree regenerates its bark within
ability of local economies. or through online resources such about 10 years. Natural linoleum
as Craigslist.org and Freecycle.org. is manufactured primarily from
The California Integrated Waste renewable materials such as cork,
Management Board wood flour and linseed oil.

BUILDING BASICS Universal Design
Universal design strives to make the the owner’s needs change. Some • Allow a 60-inch turning radius
home easier to use for all residents, universal design features may in bathrooms, kitchens and
not just the elderly or disabled. It even allow people to live in their small areas.
includes a wide range of accessibility home longer than might otherwise • Install grab bars in the bathroom,
features, from easy-to-use door be possible. or provide blocking in the
handles to adequate lighting to Here are some common universal bathrooms’ wall framing
zero-step entrances in homes. design strategies: to accommodate grab bars
During remodeling projects as in the future.
• Install lever handles on doors and
well as routine maintenance, • Design for a roll-in shower to
plumbing fixtures instead of knob
apply as many universal design provide easy access for people
handles that are harder to grip.
strategies as possible. In the long in wheelchairs.
• Locate one bedroom and full
run, it may save money and bathroom on the lower floor of
resources to include universal AARP has good information
the multistory home.
design features during the current on universal design basics at
• Provide at least one zero-step
remodeling project than to have to www.aarp.org/families/home_design.
entrance threshold that has a
retrofit the home in the future if 36-inch wide entry door.
53
Application: Application: Bamboo flooring and
recycled-content carpet
Use these rapidly renewable Install recycled-content ceramic tiles
flooring materials in place of wherever conventional tiles are
conventional hardwood, carpet specified. Recycled-content carpet
or vinyl flooring. can be used in all applications where

Cork can also be used as an conventional carpet is specified,
underlayment for hard-surfaced and is comparable in appearance,
flooring to reduce impact noise performance and price to conven-
between rooms. tional synthetic carpet made from
virgin materials.
Benefit:
Benefit:
Rapidly renewable flooring materials
are attractive, durable, low-toxic, Recycled-content products keep
perform well and reduce pressure valuable resources out of the waste
to harvest forests. Bamboo is as stream. Recycled-content carpet
durable as most hardwoods used saves resources and diverts waste
for floors. Cork and linoleum are from landfills. Approximately 40
Application:
naturally fire and moisture resistant two-liter soda bottles are recycled
Use this approach for slab-on-grade
as well as sound absorbent. per square yard of carpeting.
construction. The finish must be
d. Use Recycled-Content Flooring e. Use Exposed Concrete as Finish designed and constructed when
Floor the slab is being poured, and well
Description: protected throughout construction.
Description:
Recycled-content ceramic tiles
can contain up to 70% recycled With slab-on-grade construction,
glass or other recycled materials. the concrete can be polished,
Recycled-content carpet is made scored with joints in various patterns,
from recycled plastic bottles, or stained with pigments to make
recycled nylon and wool, or an attractive finish floor. This
recycled cotton. approach is especially appropriate

for use with in-floor radiant heating
systems and passive solar designs.
Ingredients of natural linoleum
54
Benefit: on page 20 for information about
using thermally massive materials
Using the slab as a finish floor
with passive solar design.
eliminates the need to use other
flooring materials. It is also Benefit:

durable and easy to clean. Increasing thermal mass will
reduce heating and cooling energy
2. Use Thermal Mass Floors use and will moderate indoor Application:
temperature swings, keeping the
Description: Choose carpet that meets or
home more comfortable.
Use flooring materials that improve exceeds the CRI Green Label Plus
3. Use Flooring That Is Low Emitting requirements (www.carpet-rug.org)
thermal mass.
Description: or a flooring product that has been
Application:
Flooring products may emit tested for low emissions according
Low-cost thermal mass includes to the California “Standard
formaldehyde and other volatile
using hard floor coverings such Practice for the Testing of Volatile
organic compounds. To protect
as tile and wood. Wood flooring Organic Emissions from Various
indoor air quality, look for
over a concrete slab also provides Sources Using Small Scale
products that have been tested
reasonably good thermal mass. Environmental Chambers.”
and approved for low emissions
See the Building Basics sidebar
by a reputable third-party or Currently there is little information
government organization. available about Section 01350-
compliant products for homes,
but the Collaborative for High
Performance Schools’ website,
www.chps.net, lists products tested
for schools; some of these may
also be appropriate for homes.
Benefit:
Minimizing formaldehyde and

volatile organic compounds in the
home improves indoor air quality.
Stained concrete floor 55

M. Appliances and Lighting
1. Install Water- and Energy-Efficient To maximize water efficiency, ENERGY STAR® refrigerators save at
Dishwasher choose models with a water factor least 10% over the federal minimum
rating of 6.0 or less and a modified standards. Larger refrigerators tend to
Description: energy factor of 2.0. use more energy than smaller models.
High efficiency dishwashers use less

Application: Application:
water and energy than conventional ®
Most ENERGY STAR washing Select an ENERGY STAR®–qualified
dishwashers. They reduce energy
machines save energy and water refrigerator that has less than
use by at least 25% compared to
through a front-loading design (hori- 20 to 25 cubic feet of capacity
the federal minimum standards.
zontal axis) that tumbles clothes in a (refrigerator and freezer). For a
Some dishwashers are more water
small amount of water. Most models list of qualifying models, visit
efficient than others, even among
also include a high-speed final spin www.energystar.gov.
ENERGY STAR®–qualified models.
cycle that extracts more moisture
The most water-efficient models Benefit:
than standard washers. Less moisture
(which in general are also the most ENERGY STAR® refrigerators can
means less drying time, which saves
energy efficient) use 6.5 gallons or reduce the total annual electricity
additional energy. Find energy-saving
less per cycle in their normal setting, bill by more than 10%. Choosing
models with a water factor rating of
and less if run in the model’s a refrigerator that’s not too big will
6.0 or less and a modified energy
water-saving mode. further reduce electricity costs.
factor of 2.0 at www.energystar.gov.
Application: Check with your local water utility for
4. Install Built-In Recycling and
Select water- and energy-efficient rebates on these types of machines.
Composting Center
dishwashers. They use an internal
Benefit:
water heater to boost temperatures Description:
ENERGY STAR®–qualified
inside the dishwasher. This means
washing machines use substantially Recycling needs to be as easy as
that household water heaters can
less water and energy than conven- throwing out the garbage or many
be turned down to 120°F, saving
tional washers. people won’t do it. And composting
water-heating costs. To find models
must also be easy and odor-free.
that use less than 6.5 gallons of
3. Install ENERGY STAR® Refrigerator If you design the kitchen with
water per cycle in their normal
enough space and dedicated bins

setting, see the Oregon Department Description: for recycling and composting, it
of Energy website at:
Refrigerators and freezers are among will be much easier for residents to
www.oregon.gov/ENERGY/CONS/
the largest users of electricity in keep recyclables and compostables
RES/tax/appdish.shtml.
most homes. They can account for out of the trash.
Benefit: up to 25% of household energy use.
Application:
High efficiency dishwashers reduce
Install a built-in recycling area
water and energy use.
in the kitchen’s base cabinets.
Some waste haulers allow recy-
2. Install ENERGY STAR® Clothes
clables to be mixed, while others
Washing Machine
require that glass, paper, plastic
Description: or other materials be separated.
Check local requirements and
ENERGY STAR® clothes washing
design the built-in recycling
machines use 50% less energy and
area accordingly.
45 to 60% less water while performing
as well as a standard washer.
Horizontal axis washing machines
56
Design a kitchen compost bin example, general, task and spot principles, definitions and design
that is protected from pests and is lighting) and choose strategies recommendations, visit the U.S.
odor-resistant. Food scraps can be to deliver appropriate lighting. Department of Energy’s website,
added to a backyard compost pile, Choose the best bulbs based www.eere.energy.gov/consumer.

or in some cities can be set out at upon lighting efficacy (lumens
Benefit:
the curbside in a designated food per watt), color rendering index
Energy-efficient and effective lighting
scraps bin. (CRI) and temperature (Kelvin).
practices and products save energy
Benefit: Title 24 sets energy-efficiency and improve the quality of lighting
Recycling and composting reduces requirements for lighting; still, it in and around the home.
the amount of material entering can be challenging to design
landfills and can save money for lighting for the home that is
homeowners through reduced effective, efficient and attractive.
disposal fees (many waste haulers Consider consulting a residential
charge a lower fee for smaller lighting expert for advice. For more
garbage bins). Composting creates information about energy-efficient
high quality soil amendments residential lighting, including
useful in gardens.
5. Upgrade to Energy-Efficient
Lighting
Description:
Lighting accounts for as much as ENERGY STAR ® qualified compact fluorescent lighting
20% of the energy we use in our lasts up to eight times longer than incandescent
homes. In many homes, some areas lighting. Save $22 to $65 in energy costs over
don’t have enough light, while the life of a compact fluorescent bulb. You'll replace
other areas have too much light. an incandescent eight times to match the life
Remodeling projects present the expectancy of a single compact fluorescent.

perfect opportunity for improving
How do you choose the right compact
lighting so that it is more effective
fluorescent bulb? The following is a
and energy efficient.
general guide to assist you:
Application:
Source: www.pge.com
Wherever feasible, replace
incandescent lights with fluorescent Existing Incandescent Lamp Proposed ENERGY STAR® Savings over the
Compact Fluorescent Bulb life of the bulb
lights. Be sure to understand the
40 - 60 watts 9 - 15 watts $22 - $35
lighting needs of that location (for
75 watts 18 - 20 watts $43 +
90 - 100 watts 23 - 25 watts $52 +
You will find the ENERGY STAR® label on products that exceed energy performance
guidelines for energy efficiency. If all consumers, businesses, and organizations in
the United States chose ENERGY STAR® products over the next decade, the
national annual energy bill would be reduced by about $200 billion. For more infor-
mation, visit www.energystar.gov.
57
6. Install Low-Mercury Fluorescent Benefit: has entered the area, and turns off
Lighting the light after a preset period of
Low-mercury fluorescent bulbs
time after the area is no longer
help keep mercury pollution out
Description: occupied. Occupancy sensors make
of the environment and our bodies.
All fluorescent light bulbs good sense in areas where there

An added advantage to low-mercury
contain a small amount of the occupancy is less regular such
bulbs that pass the TCLP test is
mercury, an environmental toxin. as utility rooms, bathrooms and
that they are not considered
Some manufacturers now offer outdoors. Photosensors can be
hazardous waste so when they
fluorescent light bulbs in both used to automatically turn lights
burn out they can go in the
linear tube and compact fluorescent on at dusk and off at dawn; they’re
garbage rather than be disposed
styles that contain only a fraction particularly useful for porch lights
of at a hazardous waste facility.
of the mercury used in standard and when used in conjunction with
fluorescent lamps. 7. Install Lighting Controls an occupancy sensor. Dimmable
Application:
Description: compact fluorescent bulbs are
Lighting controls include dimmers, available for interior use, although
Choose fluorescent lamps with low
occupancy sensors (also called they cost more than regular
mercury content. Look for manu-
motion sensors), photosensors and compact fluorescent bulbs.
facturer labels and literature that
show that the light bulb complies timers. They save energy by reducing Benefit:
with the U.S. EPA’s Toxicity light levels, or turning lights Lighting controls reduce energy
Characteristic Leach Performance off in unoccupied areas or during use by decreasing the amount of
(TCLP) test. Some manufacturers times when lighting is not needed. time the lights are on.
use green print on the bulb or Application:
green end-caps to signal that the Install lighting controls either at
product has a low mercury content. specific locations or as a whole
house system. Lighting controls
are especially applicable for
exterior uses.
An occupancy sensor turns on the

light when it detects that a person
58
BUILDING BASICS Green Home Operations and Maintenance
Green Remodeling Ends with Green When you have to resort to the air • Adjust your landscape watering
Maintenance conditioning or heating system, set schedule based on time of the
Whether you have just finished the air conditioner as high and the year and the true needs of each
remodeling your home or are heater as low as is comfortable. of the planting beds. For more
dreaming about getting started Install a programmable thermostat information, see Section C
someday, how can you make sure or be diligent about manually in these Guidelines.
that your home doesn’t waste energy adjusting the thermostat. Also, do Health and Safety

and resources and that it remains not close off any supply registers
These recommendations will help
healthy year after year? Follow and try to keep your interior doors
make your home safer and healthier:
green maintenance practices. open as much as possible to allow
the system to circulate conditioned • Use healthier cleaning, pest control
With every operations and mainte- and landscaping products and
air everywhere.
nance choice you make—whether employ professionals who share
it’s replacing light bulbs or choosing Follow these additional
that philosophy. Take chemicals
new plants for the yard, ask yourself recommendations:
you no longer need to a household
these questions: How will this • Put indoor and outdoor lights hazardous waste facility.
choice affect the home’s energy or on timers and motion or • Remove shoes before entering
water use? What natural resources photosensors. your home, because as much as
will be used or wasted? How might • Check the HVAC system’s air filter half of the dirt in a home comes
this choice affect my family’s or the monthly and replace when dirty. in on our shoes.
community’s health? And then ask: • Caulk and weatherstrip all the • Run your kitchen range hood and
What can I do differently to con- holes and seams of your home to bathrooms fans to exhaust odors,
tribute to a healthier environment reduce air leakage. humidity and combustion gases.
and a healthier home? • Have your heating and cooling • Install smoke and carbon monox-
Heating, Cooling and Electricity systems checked and maintained ide alarms by the kitchen and
annually by a professional. bedrooms. Check the batteries
We’ve been living in homes all our
• Annually, pour a cup of hot water annually and replace the alarms
lives, but few of us are actually
and 10% bleach solution down every five years.
taught how to properly operate and
the air conditioning condensate • Install a fire extinguisher within
maintain them for peak efficiency,
drain pipe to keep it clear of mold easy reach of the kitchen stove.
longevity, comfort and health.
and other contaminants.
Consider taking a class to learn Durability
Water

about your home’s operations. Also
Good maintenance will keep up
consider hiring a home performance Save money and protect our
your home’s health and longevity,
contractor to test your home and future supply of water by
so use the following tips:
recommend improvements. implementing these practices:
• Take advantage of your local • Clean out gutters and down-
In the summer, instead of automati-
water district’s free or rebated spouts annually. During and
cally turning on the air conditioning
leak detection services, shower after rains, make sure water
when temperatures rise, keep the
and faucet aerators, landscaping flows away from the home.
house cooler by blocking the sun
and water audits, and high • Check caulking and flashing
at the windows with shades, solar
efficiency toilets, dishwashers around windows, doors and
screens or drapes. In the evening,
and clothes washers. siding every few years.
open the windows and use the
• Use dishwashers and clothes • Quickly address leaks and other
whole house fan to bring in cooler
washers only when you have a maintenance issues before
evening air.
full load and use the further, potentially expensive
In the winter, allow the sun to come damage occurs.
water/energy saving settings.
through the windows and warm the
• Check regularly for leaks (especially
home. In the evening, close the
in your toilets and irrigation system)
shades and drapes to reduce heat
and repair them promptly.
loss out of the windows.
59
N. Other
1. Incorporate Green Remodeling 2. Develop Homeowner Manual of • information on environmentally

Checklist in Blueprints Green Features and Benefits sound landscape maintenance
and healthier home cleaning
Description: Description: products
The Green Remodeling Checklist A green homeowner manual • instructions for proper
(see Chapter Two) provides remodeling describes all of the home’s green handling and disposal
contractors and homeowners with features and their benefits. It also of hazardous chemicals
an easy way to assess how green gives important information about
Benefit:
their remodeling project is. best practices for maintaining and
Including the Green Remodeling
Attaching the checklist to the operating the home.
Checklist in the blueprints raises
blueprints makes it easier for
Application: the visibility of green building.
everyone involved—including the
Develop a green homeowner This may encourage contractors
building professionals, homeowner
manual. A comprehensive manual to incorporate more green features.
and municipality—to see which
for a whole house should include It also provides a quick reference
green features are included in
the information listed below; and benchmark for the builder,
the remodeling project.
remodeling projects that are homeowner and municipality.
Application: smaller in scope might contain
In one of the first few pages of the more limited information: 3. Innovation
project blueprints, include the • description of the home’s green
Green Remodeling Checklist, with Description:
building features
the applicable points checked off. • explanation of importance The measures in these Guidelines
To make it easier to verify the of maintenance and operations are not an exhaustive list of all
project’s achievements, next to to achieve ongoing green the green elements that could be
each item on the checklist note building benefits incorporated into your remodeling
the blueprint page number that • warranty, operation and project. Rather, they are a list
corresponds to that particular item maintenance instructions for of field-tested options that are
and make an obvious note on that equipment and appliances more likely to be used in typical
blueprint page. • household recycling opportunities remodeling projects. Look for
• ways to optimize water and opportunities to go beyond these

Benefit:
energy use measures and incorporate innovative
Including the Green Remodeling
• ways to maintain good indoor techniques and materials that will
Checklist in the blueprints raises
air quality conserve natural resources and
the visibility of green building.
• clear labeling of safety improve the home’s energy efficiency,
This may encourage contractors
valves and controls for major durability and healthfulness.
to incorporate more green features.
It also provides a quick reference house systems
and benchmark for the builder, • information about periodically
homeowner and municipality. checking foundation and
crawl space for termite tubes
and about nontoxic pest
control methods
60
Chapter Four:
Green Remodeling Illustrations
GREEN REMODELING ILLUSTRATIONS

“We believe that homeowners deserve a home that is not only beautiful, but
one that is more energy-efficient, comfortable and healthier for the family.”
—Fred Brecht, Brecht Construction, Lafayette, CA
61
Addition or Major Remodel
Consider these green remodeling options when building an addition
or renovating a major portion of the home.
Existing ceiling insulated
to exceed Title 24
Light colored 40-year

composition shingles
Site
• Protect Existing Topsoil and Minimize Disruption of
Existing Plants and Trees Solar water heating system
• Deconstruct Instead of Demolish
• Recycle Construction and Demolition Waste
Foundation
• Replace Portland Cement in Concrete with
Recycled Flyash or Slag
• Retrofit Crawl Space to Control Moisture
Engineered lumber in roof

• Design and Build Structural Pest Controls
Landscape
• Construct Resource-Efficient Landscapes
High performance windows
• Use Fire-Safe Landscaping Techniques
• Minimize Turf
• Plant Shade Trees Low/No VOC interior paint
• Group Plants by Water Needs (Hydrozoning)
• Install High Efficiency Irrigation Systems
• Add Compost to Promote Healthy Topsoil
• Use Salvaged or Recycled-Content Materials
Finger-jointed or
for Landscape Elements
engineered studs
• Reduce Light Pollution
• Collect and Retain Rainwater for Irrigation
Low-VOC finish
Structural Frame
Flyash concrete
• Apply Optimal Value Engineering

• Use Engineered Lumber
• Use FSC-Certified Wood Environmentally preferable flooring
• Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses
• Use Solid Wall Systems
• Install Reflective Roof and Radiant Barrier
• Replace Single-Pane Windows with Double-Pane Windows
• Retrofit with Storm Windows Protect topsoil
• Install Low-SHGC Window Film on Single-Pane Windows

• Retrofit Structure for Earthquakes
• Reduce Pollution Entering the Home from the Garage
Exterior Finish Plumbing

• Use Recycled-Content or FSC-Certified Decking • Choose High Efficiency Water Heaters
• Install Rain Screen Wall System • Distribute Domestic Hot Water Efficiently
• Use Durable and Noncombustible Siding Materials • Replace Toilets with High Efficiency Toilets
• Use Durable and Noncombustible Roofing Materials • Install Water-Efficient Faucets and Showerheads
62
Renewable Energy
• Install Solar Water Heating System
• Install Photovoltaic (PV) System
Upgrade to double pane,

low-e window
Insulation
• Install Recycled-Content Insulation
• Install Insulation That Emits Zero/Low Levels of Formaldehyde
and VOCs
• Weatherize the Home
• Upgrade Insulation to Exceed Current Title 24 Requirements
Building Performance
• Conduct Whole House Inspection/

Diagnostic Testing and Make Improvements
Finishes
• Design Entryways to Reduce Tracked-In Contaminants
• Use Low/Zero-VOC Interior Paint
Fiber cement siding • Use Low-VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes
• Use Low-VOC Construction Adhesives
• Use Recycled-Content Paint
• Use Environmentally Preferable Materials for Interior Finishes
• Reduce Formaldehyde in Interior Finishes
Hot and cold water • Use Environmentally Preferable Flooring
pipes insulated
Appliances
Rain screen wall system • Install Water- and Energy-Efficient Dishwasher
• Install ENERGY STAR® Clothes Washing Machine
Recycled-content insulation • Install ENERGY STAR® Refrigerator
with no added formaldehyde

• Install Built-In Recycling and Composting Center
• Upgrade to Energy-Efficient Lighting
• Install Low-Mercury Fluorescent Lighting
• Install Lighting Controls
Minimize turf
Other
• Incorporate Green Remodeling Checklist in Blueprints
• Develop Homeowner Manual of Green Features and Benefits
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

• Design and Install HVAC System to ACCA Recommendations
• Install High Efficiency Heating System
• Install High Efficiency Air Conditioning with Environmentally
Responsible Refrigerants
• Install Effective Ductwork
• Install High Efficiency HVAC Filter
• Retrofit Wood-Burning Fireplaces to Improve
Energy Efficiency and Air Quality
• Install Whole House Fan, Ceiling Fans or Air-to-Air
Heat Exchanger for Ventilation
• Install Effective Exhaust Systems in Bathrooms and Kitchen
63
Second Floor
Consider these green remodeling options in a second floor addition.
40 year composition roofing
Whole house fan

Site
Double pane,
low-e window
Structural Frame
• Use FSC-Certified Wood
• Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses
Recycled-content carpet
• Install Reflective Roof and Radiant Barrier
with low VOCs
• Retrofit with Storm Windows
• Retrofit Structure for Earthquakes
Fiber cement siding

Exterior Finish
• Install Rain Screen Wall System
• Use Durable and Noncombustible Siding Materials
• Use Durable and Noncombustible Roofing Materials
High AFUE furnace

Plumbing
• Choose High Efficiency Water Heaters
• Distribute Domestic Hot Water Efficiently

• Design and Install HVAC System to ACCA Recommendations
• Install High Efficiency Heating System
• Install High Efficiency Air Conditioning with Environmentally
Responsible Refrigerants
• Install High Efficiency HVAC Filter
• Retrofit Wood-Burning Fireplaces to Improve Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
and Air Quality • Install Solar Water Heating System
• Install Mechanical Ventilation System for Cooling • Install Photovoltaic (PV) System
64
Engineered wood I-joist

FSC certified wood
Finger-jointed or
engineered studs
Oriented strand board in subfloor
• Conduct Whole House Inspection/

Diagnostic Testing and Make Improvements
Finishes
• Use Low/Zero-VOC Interior Paint
Low VOC finish
• Use Low-VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes
• Reduce Formaldehyde in Interior Finishes
• Use Environmentally Preferable Flooring
Appliances
Insulation • Install Low-Mercury Fluorescent Lighting
• Install Recycled-Content Insulation • Install Lighting Controls
• Install Insulation That Emits Zero/Low Levels of Formaldehyde
and VOCs Other
• Weatherize the Home • Incorporate Green Remodeling Checklist in Blueprints
• Upgrade Insulation to Exceed Current Title 24 Requirements • Develop Homeowner Manual of Green Features and Benefits
65
Bathroom Remodel
Consider these green remodeling options in a bathroom.
Compact fluorescent bulbs
Flow reducers
Site
Structural Frame and Building Envelope

• Use FSC-Certified Wood
• Replace Single-Pane Windows with Double-Pane Windows Formaldehyde-free
MDF substrate
FSC certified wood
Plumbing
• Choose High Efficiency Water Heaters
• Replace Toilets with High Efficiency Toilets

• Install Water-Efficient Faucets and Showerheads

• Install Effective Exhaust System
Insulation
Finishes
• Install Insulation That Emits Zero or Low Levels of
Formaldehyde and VOCs • Use Low/No-VOC Interior Paint
• Weatherize • Use Low-VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes
• Upgrade Insulation to Exceed Current Title 24 Requirements • Use Low-VOC Construction Adhesives
66
Double pane,
low-e window
Low/No VOC interior paint

Recycled-content tile
High efficiency toilet
Appliances Other
• Install ENERGY STAR® Clothes Washing Machine • Incorporate Green Remodeling Checklist in Blueprints
• Upgrade to Energy-Efficient Lighting • Remodel for Universal Design
67
Kitchen Remodel
Consider these green remodeling options in a kitchen.
Upgraded insulation
Site
Landscape
Range hood vented outside
• Plant Shade Trees on West and South Sides
Structural Frame and Building Envelope

Plumbing
Energy Star®
• Install Water-Efficient Faucets
refrigerator

• Install Effective Exhaust System
• Install Mechanical Ventilation System for Cooling
Insulation
• Install Insulation That Emits Zero or Low Levels of
Formaldehyde and VOCs
• Weatherize
• Upgrade Insulation to Exceed Current Title 24 Requirements
• Conduct Whole House Inspection/ Environmentally preferable
Diagnostic Testing and Make Improvements flooring with low/no VOC Adhesives
Finishes
• Design Entryways to Reduce Tracked-In Contaminants
Appliances
• Use Low/No-VOC Interior Paint
• Install Water- and Energy-Efficient Dishwasher
• Use Low-VOC, Water-Based Wood Finishes
• Install ENERGY STAR® Refrigerator
• Install Built-In Recycling and Composting Center
68
Formaldehyde-free cabinet materials
Upgraded insulation

FSC-certified trim
Low/no VOC paint
Non-toxic household cleaners
Flow reducer
ENERGY STAR® dishwasher

Recycled-content tile
Built-in recycling and

compositing center Other
• Incorporate Green Remodeling Checklist in Blueprints
• Develop Homeowner Manual of Green Features and Benefits
69
70
Notes
71
Notes
72
Notes

Home Remodeling

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2007 Edition

Build It Green is a professional non-profit membership

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

These Home Remodeling Green Building Guidelines Guidelines Development Process

BUILDING PROFESSIONALS NONPROFIT GROUPS

Salvaged eucalyptus flooring Design for daylighting

1. OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING 7

2. GREEN REMODELING CHECKLIST 13

3. GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS 16

4. GREEN REMODELING ILLUSTRATIONS 61

OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING

Overarching Principles of Green Building

1 Build for the long-term

2 Build for our children

3 Build for the planet

environment, an increasing number of Californians are embracing green building. This

OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING

1 Conserve natural resources

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

Photovoltaic panels Salvaged building materials

OVERVIEW OF GREEN BUILDING

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

Recycled plastic composite decking Sustainably renovated home

As your experience with green remodeling grows,

GREEN REMODELING CHECKLIST

Because remodeling projects vary so widely in scope—from a bathroom re-do to a

A. Site Community Energy IAQ/Health Resources Water

1. Replace Portland Cement in Concrete with Recycled Flyash or Slag

6. Design Energy Heels on Roof Trusses

GREEN REMODELING CHECKLIST

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

“The construction industry is one of the greatest contributors to the depletion

1. Protect Existing Topsoil and Application: or relocating mature trees, shrubs

GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS

BUILDING BASICS Things to Consider before You Remodel

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

topsoil and re-spread it during final pesticide requirements, improve

BUILDING BASICS Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

1. Replace Portland Cement in Application: strength, reducing permeability and

BUILDING BASICS Incorporate Passive Solar Heating and Cooling

GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

Environmental Protection Agency’s WaterSense program (www.epa.gov/watersense).

1. Construct Resource-Efficient www.BuildItGreen.org lists soil 2. Use Fire-Safe Landscaping

Determine whether the site is in

GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

spray heads. room to mature, reducing the need

Minimizing turf conserves water. If Benefit:

a 1,000-square-foot lawn needs 1 Shade trees can create a microcli-

GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

8. Mulch All Planting Beds than overlighting.

For landscaping and hardscaping, Reducing light pollution minimizes

GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING

2. Use Engineered Lumber

Solid-sawn lumber in sizes 2x10

e. Engineered or Finger-Jointed Studs OSB is a type of engineered wood chain-of-custody certification

Description: 4. Use Solid Wall Systems

GREEN REMODELING METHODS AND MATERIALS

GREEN BUILDING GUIDELINES FOR HOME REMODELING