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Does it happen to you that sometimes you feel frustrated because you
find yourself unable to express yourself clearly and yet when you hear
native speakers, you feel that it is so simple and easy? In this section, we
will focus on learning idiomatic and everyday expressions to help us deal
with daily conversational situations. As each dialogue is accompanied
with carefully designed exercises, follow the recommended steps and
practice at your own pace.
Now, surf into Everyday English in Conversation!!!
Top of Form
The following is a dialogue between John and Sydney. While listening, think of the following
questions. Play the dialogue as many times as you want.
Bottom of Form
To modify a Verb:-
a. He decided to work there. (Purpose)
b. He went to the place to save him. (Purpose)
c. We eat to live. (Cause)
To qualify an Adjective:-
a. It is good to go for a walk daily.
b. She is quick to learn things.
c. He is hard to cope with.
To qualify a Sentence:-
a. To go there, I need some money.
b. To go for a walk, we should get up early in the morning.
c. To get a job, he had to go through many interviews.
In these sentences infinitive is featuring the sentences like 'I need some
money, we should get up early in the morning and he had to go through
many interviews'. And it is used as isolated from the main sentence that is,
it is not related to the main sentence
Articles- A, An, The
There are three articles: A, An, The. (They are also called determiners)
Use of 'A'
Before:-
1. Words beginning with the sound of a consonant: a book, a player, a table.
2. Vowels having the sound of 'yu': a European, a useful thing, a utensil.
3. 'O' when it is sounded as 'wa': a one-rupee note, a one-way traffic.
Use of 'An'
Before:-
1. Words beginning with a vowel sound: an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an
honest girl, an honourable person.
2. Abbreviations starting with a vowel sound: an M.A., an MLA
Use of 'The'
1. When we refer to some particular person or thing; as ,
This is the shirt I bought yesterday.
Call the boy sitting in the corner.
The shawls of Kashmir are famous.
8. Before the names of peoples (nations), races and Adjectives formed from
Proper Nouns, Common Nouns, etc:
The English, the Hindus, the Sikhs, the Indians, the Japanese, the rich, the
poor, the needy
Repetition of Article
A. Compare the two sentences:
(i) She had a red and white saree.
(ii) She had a red and a white saree.
The first sentence means that he had only one saree which was partly red
and white.
The second sentence means that he had two sarees, one red and other
black.
(i) The Principal and Manager was present there.
(ii) The Principal and the Manager were present there.
The first sentence shows that only one person who was both Principal and
Manager was present there.
The second sentence shows that two persons, one Principal and the
Manager, were present there
Articles Fill-ups - 5
Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the' :-
1. ................. ganga flows into ................ bay of Bengal.
2. Please return me ............ novel I gave you last week.
3. Shopkeeper showed them ................. good toy.
4. He reads ................ Indian Express everyday.
5. Ask guests to sit in ............... drawing room.
6. Mars is not .............. biggest planet.
7. Himalayas lie to .............. north of India.
8. He studies in ................. university.
9. He bought .................. half dozen oranges.
10. I met ................... European in market yesterday.
Answers:-
Reactions:
Articles - Fills-ups - 4
Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the' :-
1. Please give me .............. book to read.
2. ............ lady he met at ................ party is ................ assistant
manager in ................ multinational company.
3. They will play .............. match tomorrow.
4. What ................ beautiful scene!
5. ................. man who is standing there always speaks .............. truth.
6. My sister is ................. M.A.
7. Rakesh is ............... cleverest boy in his class.
8. We met ............... MLA in ................ party yesterday.
9. .............. needy should be helped by ................. rich.
10. She is ............... Aishwarya Rai of our college.
11. My grandfather used to help ................. weak.
12. He is ............... principal of our school.
13. .............. people are tolerant.
14. ............... ramayana is ............... holy book of ................ Hindus.
15. Tell them not to make ................ noise in .............. class.
16. Can you tell me who ............. third man is?
17. ................ harder we work, ............... smarter we become.
18. He is ............... doctor who treated my brother.
19. Have you eaten ............. meal I kept in ............... kitchen?
20. Bring ............ chair for our guest.
Answers:-
1. a, 2. the, the, an, a, 3. the, 4. a, 5. the, the, 6. an, 7. the, 8. the, a, 9.
the, the, 10. the, 11. the, 12. the, 13. the, 14. the, the, the, 15. a, the, 16.
the, 17. the, the, 18. the, 19. the, the, 20. a
Reactions:
Articles Fill-ups - 3
Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the' :-
1. He is .......... honorable person.
2. Please give me ........... apple.
3. It is not ......... good chair.
4. He was ......... Mahatma Gandhi of our city.
5. Gold is ............ precious metal.
6. Srilanka is ............ island.
7. English is ........... international language.
8. He is .......... man who met me yesterday.
9. ............ sun rises in .......... east.
10. ............ black and white kitten was playing in garden.
11. I have read ............ first chapter of this book.
12. .......... guide knows .......... way.
13. She is ......... beautiful girl and has .......... good nature.
14. Honesty is ........... best policy.
15. ............. rich as well as ............ poor were benefitted.
16. ........... child was peeling off ........... orange.
17. Please give me .............. one dollar note.
18. It is ........... highest mountain in ............ world.
19. ............ woman is .............. maker of home.
20. ............. headmaster gave us ............ report cards.
Answers:-
1. an, 2. an, 3. a, 4. the, 5. a, 6. an, 7. an, 8. the, 9. the, the, 10. a, 11.
the, 12. the, the, 13. a, a, 14. the, 15. the, the, 16. the, an, 17. a, 18. the,
the, 19. a, a, 20. the, the
Reactions:
Articles Fill-ups - 2
Fill in the blanks with 'a', 'an' or 'the' :-
Answers:-
1. a, an, 2. the, a, the, 3. the, a, the, 4. the, the, 5. the, a, the, 6. the, the,
7. an, a, 8. the, 9. the, the, the, 10. the, the, 11. the, 12. the, the, 13. the,
14. the, the, 15. the, the, 16. a, 17. the, 18. the, 19. the, 20. the
Auxiliaries (Modals)
IS TO, ARE TO, AM TO
1. He is to go to market.
2.They are to play the match.
3. I am to take tea.
Present Indefinite
Past Indefinite
Imperative
1. Do meet me tomorrow.
2. Do go there.
3. Never tell a lie.
Causative Verbs
GET
1. Use get according to tense, 2. Place object after the causative verb, 3.
Main verb always in 3rd form: Causative Verb(CV) + Object + V 3rd (main
verb).
Examples
1. I have got the sums solved.
2. She will get the letter written by Ravi.
3. Are you getting your house pained?
MAKE
1. Use make according to tense, 2. Object is the person who is compelled, 3.
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb)
Examples
1. He made me laugh.
2. She made the children clean the room.
3. Who is making her cry?
4. Please don't make him tell a lie.
HELP
1. Use help according to tense, 2. Object is the person who is helped, 3.
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb). (In
these sentences a person is helped to do a certain things).
Examples
1. Help the guests wash their hands.
2. She helped the children do the work.
HAVE
(Same as GET in use and meaning)
Examples
1. I have had the sums solved.
2. He will have the letter written by Meena.
3. They had the tiger killed by the hunter.
KEEP
CV + Object (person) + V 1st form + ing. There is generally a period of time
in these sentences.
Examples
1. They kept her washing the clothes for 2 hours.
2. Did you keep him waiting for one hour?
CAUSE
CV + Object (person) + V 1st form. Instead of a person there are
circumstances, things etc. which compel a person to do a certain thing.
Examples
1. Fatigue caused him to sleep.
Does poCausative Verbs
GET
1. Use get according to tense, 2. Place object after the causative verb, 3.
Main verb always in 3rd form: Causative Verb(CV) + Object + V 3rd (main
verb).
Examples
1. I have got the sums solved.
2. She will get the letter written by Ravi.
3. Are you getting your house pained?
MAKE
1. Use make according to tense, 2. Object is the person who is compelled, 3.
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb)
Examples
1. He made me laugh.
2. She made the children clean the room.
3. Who is making her cry?
4. Please don't make him tell a lie.
HELP
1. Use help according to tense, 2. Object is the person who is helped, 3.
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb). (In
these sentences a person is helped to do a certain things).
Examples
1. Help the guests wash their hands.
2. She helped the children do the work.
HAVE
(Same as GET in use and meaning)
Examples
1. I have had the sums solved.
2. He will have the letter written by Meena.
3. They had the tiger killed by the hunter.
KEEP
CV + Object (person) + V 1st form + ing. There is generally a period of time
in these sentences.
Examples
1. They kept her washing the clothes for 2 hours.
2. Did you keep him waiting for one hour?
CAUSE
CV + Object (person) + V 1st form. Instead of a person there are
circumstances, things etc. which compel a person to do a certain thing.
Examples
1. Fatigue caused him to sleep.
2. Does poverty cause people to commit crime ?
1. verty cause people to commit crime ?
Bottom of Form
Causative Verbs
GET
1. Use get according to tense, 2. Place object after the causative verb, 3.
Main verb always in 3rd form: Causative Verb(CV) + Object + V 3rd (main
verb).
Examples
1. I have got the sums solved.
2. She will get the letter written by Ravi.
3. Are you getting your house pained?
MAKE
1. Use make according to tense, 2. Object is the person who is compelled, 3.
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb)
Examples
1. He made me laugh.
2. She made the children clean the room.
3. Who is making her cry?
4. Please don't make him tell a lie.
HELP
1. Use help according to tense, 2. Object is the person who is helped, 3.
Main verb always in first form: CV + Object + V 1st form (main verb). (In
these sentences a person is helped to do a certain things).
Examples
1. Help the guests wash their hands.
2. She helped the children do the work.
HAVE
(Same as GET in use and meaning)
Examples
1. I have had the sums solved.
2. He will have the letter written by Meena.
3. They had the tiger killed by the hunter.
KEEP
CV + Object (person) + V 1st form + ing. There is generally a period of time
in these sentences.
Examples
1. They kept her washing the clothes for 2 hours.
2. Did you keep him waiting for one hour?
CAUSE
CV + Object (person) + V 1st form. Instead of a person there are
circumstances, things etc. which compel a person to do a certain thing.
Examples
1. Fatigue caused him to sleep.
2. Does poverty cause people to commit crime ?
Birthday Party
20
Reactions:
Opening a bank Account
19
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Buying a Mobile
18
Reactions:
Talking to Sachin Tendulkar
17
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Calling a Doctor
16
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Breakfast Table
15
Mother: Chintu! Where are you? You are getting late for school. Take your
breakfast.
Chintu: What is there in the breakfast, Mom? I won't eat apple. I'll just take
bread with butter.
Father: My child, apple is good for health.
Chintu: But I don't like.
Mother: Take bread and butter. I am giving you just a small piece of apple.
It will improve your brain-power.
Chintu: O.K. I'll take a small piece.
Ritika: Papa, sandwitch is very tasty. Would you have one more?
Father: Thanks my daughter. Now hurry up, you may get late for school. It
is 7.20 now. ..... Ranjana! Have you packed their lunch?
Mother: Yes, I have. What would you take, tea or coffee?
Father: Half cup tea. Ritika! How is your study going on?
Ritika: I have some problem in understanding one poem. Would you help?
Father: Why not, remind me at night.
•••
Reactions:
Ordering Pizza
14
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Shopping Programme
13
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Asking For Money
12
Reactions:
Calling a Friend
11
Vimal: Hello, Rocky! What's the problem with you? You have not been
coming to college for three days?
Rocky: In fact, I got viral fever.
Vimal: At least you should have called.
Rocky: I called once but you were not at home. Your brother attended the
phone.
Vimal: Probably he forgot to tell. How are you now?
Rocky: Now I am better. I may attend the college after 2 days.
Vimal: From where are you taking treatment?
Rocky: From Dr. M.C. Midha, our family doctor.
Vimal: Is he an MBBS doctor?
Rocky: Yes, he is.
Vimal: I am coming to meet you in the evening today. I miss you a lot at
college.
Rocky : I am also feeling sad without friends.
Two College Students
In this conversation two new college students have an introductory talk and
become friends. They are sitting in the library.
Henry: Hello! May I know your name please?
Mukesh: I am Mukesh. And what’s your good name please?
Henry: My name is Henry. I am glad to talk to you. I recently took
admission in B.A. English Hons.
Mukesh: I am also a new student. I have taken B.A. Pass. Have you liked
this college?
Henry: Definitely. It is a reputed college. I appreciate (admire, praise) it for
its strict discipline and good teachers.
Mukesh: I agree. Library of this college is also impressive. It has a lot of
useful books.
Henry: Yes, it is true. Where do you live?
Mukesh: I live at Tilak Nagar, and you?
Henry: I live at Timarpur. What are your parents?
Mukesh: My father is an I.A.S. officer in finance ministry, and my mother is
a teacher.
Henry: You have well-educated parents.
Mukesh: What about your parents?
Henry: My father is a businessman. He exports ready-made garments. And
my mother is a housewife. Though we have two cars yet my parents insist
(demand or say firmly) that
I should go to college by bus.
Mukesh: I think travelling by bus is more comfortable. I myself come by
bus.
Henry: But I dislike buses. There is rush and they never come on time.
State government is not managing the bus service properly.
Mukesh: What are your hobbies?
Henry: I have only one hobby - playing cricket.
Mukesh: I also like cricket. But I play only on Sunday. Are you a batsman
or bowler?
Henry: I am a batsman. I was captain of my school cricket team. Though
my parents keep criticising me for my cricket craze.
Mukesh: Now it is time to attend the class. We shall meet again after the
class.
Henry: Oh sure!
Reactions:
With A Traffic Policeman
Policeman: Hey! Stop your car.
Rajani: (Stopping her car, surprisingly). What is the matter?
Policeman: You have violated the traffic rule.
Rajani: What are you saying? I haven’t committed any offence.
Policeman: Don’t tell a lie. You should have stopped your car at red light but
you skipped it. Such negligence may cause an accident.
Rajani: (Realizing her mistake) Oh! I am extremely sorry. In fact the
crossing was free and I was in a hurry, thus I failed to notice the red light.
Policeman: But you are expected to drive carefully and cautiously on the
road. You can’t endanger your or others life.
Rajani: Would you please pardon me this time?
Policeman: How can we allow persons like you to create chaos on the roads.
Traffic police is for your safety. I am making out your challan. Take out your
driving licence.
Rajani: (Showing her driving licence) It is my driving license. Please try to
understand me. I didn’t commit mistake intentionally. I assure I will be more
careful in future.
Policeman: Please don’t try to argue, and give me Rs.100/-. It is the
minimum penalty.
Rajani: (Seriously) Try to realize my helplessness. I have only 100 rupees in
my purse, I may need it. My friend is seriously ill. I am going to her house to
enquire after her health.
Policeman: Okay, okay..... you are being pardoned this time. Henceforward
follow traffic rules carefully.
Rajani: (Having a sigh of relief) Thanking you.
Reactions:
With A Shopkeeper
Savita: How much is flour today?
Shopkeeper: It is ten rupees a kilo.
Savita: Rupees ten! Price of everything is looking up rapidly.
Shopkeeper: Yes madam, and we are helpless. We can’t control the prices.
Savita: Give me 5 kgs. And also give me 1 kilo rice.
Shopkeeper: Anything else madam?
Savita: Well, how are you selling eggs?
Shopkeeper: Rs. 22/- a dozen.
Savita: These eggs are very small. Are these fresh?
Shopkeeper: Yes madam. These were supplied to us just two hours ago.
How many do you want?
Savita: Give me half a dozen. What is the price of clarified butter?
Shopkeeper: Rs. 120/- per kilo is the market rate, but I’ll charge Rs. 115/-
only from you as you are our old customer.
Savita: Oh God! How can a common person livenowadays?
Shopkeeper: Yes, we are passing through very hard times. And prices are
still expected to rise more during the next month.
Savita: These leaders just play power-games. They don’t care about us.
Only God knows what would happen to the poor.
Shopkeeper: We elect leaders. How can they be blamed?
Savita: Okay........... Give me only half kilo. Money has got wings now.
Shopkeeper: Do you need anything else?
Savita: Nothing...............
Reactions:
With A Receptionist
Visitor: Excuse me.
Receptionist: Yeah, what can I do for you sir?
Visitor: Could you help me to meet Mr. R.K. Bhatia, the manager of this
company?
Receptionist: I am sorry you can’t meet him today. He is extremely busy.
Did you take an appointment ?
Visitor: Yes, I did. He himself called me today.
Receptionist: Actually he is busy in an urgent meeting with a delegation from
Japan. And he ordered me not to allow anybody to meet him till 3pm today.
Visitor: It is very important for me to meet him today as I am flying to
America tomorrow.
Receptionist: Would you wait for a minute? Let me check with the manager
please. What’s your good name sir, and from which company are you
coming?
Visitor: R.S. Sagoo, Senior Computer Engineer, Thunderbird Graphics.
Receptionist: Thank you sir. (After talking to the manager on intercom).... I
hope you won’t mind sir. You will have to wait for half-an-hour. Mr. Bhatia
will definitely meet with you.
Visitor: It’s all right. I’ll wait.
Receptionist: (Pointing out to sofa) Please have a seat there. Meanwhile I
am arranging coffee for you.
Visitor: (Smilingly) Thanks.
Receptionist: Welcome.
VIisiting A Hotel
Receptionist: Welcome. How can I help you sir?
Visitor: I want a room to stay in your hotel.
Receptionist: For how many days do you want to stay?
Visitor: I want to stay for five days only. What are your charges for a single
room?
Receptionist: We charge rupees two thousand for a day.
Visitor: Please book a single room for me.
Receptionist: Kindly fill up your particulars in this register and sign at this
place.
Visitor: .......Am I required to deposit any advance rent please?
Receptionist: Deposit Rs.500/- only. You can pay the remaining amount at
the time of leaving. Bed tea is included in our room charges but for other
things you will have to pay extra.
Visitor: I would like to have my bed tea at 7am and breakfast at 9 am.
Receptionist: You will be served everything according to your requirement
(need). What about lunch or dinner, sir?
Visitor: I can’t tell you the fix time because I’ll be generally out on business.
And whenever I need I’ll ring you up.
Receptionist: OK sir!
Visitor: Do you have any sight seeing facility for your visitors? I would like to
see this city after a couple of days.
Receptionist: Yes sir. We have our own vans for this purpose. We also
provide a guide. And we charge only Rs.100/- per person for our services.
Visitor: Thanking you very much for kind information. This is my advance
payment Rs.500/-. May I have the key of my room?
Receptionist: Yes sir, here is the key. You must lock the room while going
out.
Visitor: I’ll also need a phone connection in my room. And do you have
internet or fax facility in your hotel?
Receptionist: We cater to all the needs of our visitors. Every room has a
phone connection. And whenever you need you can avail the facility of
internet or fax in our office, adjacent to the reception.
Visitor: Thanking you very much. Is there any body who can carry my
luggage to the room?
Receptionist: This porter will carry your luggage to your room no.36. If you
need any room service please ring the bell and the bearer will attend to your
needs.
Visitor: Thanks.
Receptionist: Have a nice visit sir!
Two College Students
In this conversation two new college students have an introductory talk and become
friends. They are sitting in the library.
Henry: My name is Henry. I am glad to talk to you. I recently took admission in B.A.
English Hons.
Mukesh: I am also a new student. I have taken B.A. Pass. Have you liked this
college?
Henry: Definitely. It is a reputed college. I appreciate (admire, praise) it for its strict
discipline and good teachers.
Mukesh: I agree. Library of this college is also impressive. It has a lot of useful
books.
Henry: But I dislike buses. There is rush and they never come on time. State
government is not managing the bus service properly.
Mukesh: I also like cricket. But I play only on Sunday. Are you a batsman or
bowler?
Mukesh: Now it is time to attend the class. We shall meet again after the class.
Henry: Oh sure!
In this conversation two new college students have an introductory talk and become
friends. They are sitting in the library.
Henry: My name is Henry. I am glad to talk to you. I recently took admission in B.A.
English Hons.
Mukesh: I am also a new student. I have taken B.A. Pass. Have you liked this
college?
Henry: Definitely. It is a reputed college. I appreciate (admire, praise) it for its strict
discipline and good teachers.
Mukesh: I agree. Library of this college is also impressive. It has a lot of useful
books.
Henry: But I dislike buses. There is rush and they never come on time. State
government is not managing the bus service properly.
Mukesh: I also like cricket. But I play only on Sunday. Are you a batsman or
bowler?
Mukesh: Now it is time to attend the class. We shall meet again after the class.
Henry: Oh sure!
A LITTLE
1. Have you a little money?
2. There is a little food in the kitchen.
A FEW
1. I have a few books on grammar.
2. He gave the children a few toffees.
ANY
1. He didn't buy any pen?
2. Have you any solution to this problem?
MANY
1. Many students are absent.
2. Many persons came to meet me.
BOTH
1. Both of them are hard-working.
2. I have eaten both the mangoes.
ENOUGH
1. I have enough money to buy the books.
2. There is enough money in my account.
PLENTY
1. There is plenty of food in the kitchen.
2. We have plenty of time.
NO
1. No one wants to go.
2. He had no money at that time.
To qualify an Adjective:-
a. It is good to go for a walk daily.
b. She is quick to learn things.
c. He is hard to cope with.
To qualify a Sentence:-
a. To go there, I need some money.
b. To go for a walk, we should get up early in the morning.
c. To get a job, he had to go through many interviews.
In these sentences infinitive is featuring the sentences like 'I need some
money, we should get up early in the morning and he had to go through
many interviews'. And it is used as isolated from the main sentence that is,
it is not related to the main sentence.
Make Correction - 7
Re-write the following sentences correcting the use of Tenses:-
Answers:
Answers: 1. b 2. c 3. a 4. c 5. b 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. b
Jumbled Sentences - Test Four
Rearrange the following words/phrases to make a complete and
correct sentence :-
Reactions:
Jumbled Sentences - Test Three
Rearrange the following words/phrases to make a complete and
correct sentence :-
41. the wall/on/of the studio/the painting/hung/was.
47. those/who/help/God/themselves/helps.
Part I
Examples:
• Write this letter today.
• Don’t go there.
• Please meet me tomorrow.
• Don’t disturb him.
Part II
Examples:
• Let me go now.
• Let her wash the clothes.
• Do not let them play here.
Part III
Examples:
• Let us go to market.
• Let’s play together in the park.
Use of Interjections
Interjection : An interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feeling or
emotion coming into the mind.
Answers:-
Reactions:
Answers:-
MODALS + HAVE
COULD HAVE
They could have gone. (but they didn't)
MAY HAVE
Raju may have taken my book. (possibility in present)
MUST HAVE
They must have completed their home work. (definite possibility in present)
WOULD HAVE
If he had money he would have bought books. (imagination in past -
conditional)
NEED HAVE
1. You need not have waited for him. (You didn't need to wait for him.)
2. Need Rita have borrowed money. (Did Rita need to borrow money.)
MIGHT HAVE
India might have won the match. (possibility in past)
SHOULD HAVE
You should have gone to office.
Paragraph Fill ups - 7
Complete the following with suitable modals:-
Parents ........ not punish their children hard. They ........ make their children
understand with love. Now a days most of the parents are educated and
they ........ understand the psychology of their children. Problems of
generation gap ........ easily be solved with a little wisdom. Previously the
parents .......... beat and punish their children hard. They thought that
they ........ be able to teach them discipline only with the help of a stick. But
such punishment ........ make the children stubborn and they ........ not
develop their talent properly.
Answers:-
should, should, can, might, used to, would, can, may
Narrations Part-2
The art of reporting the words of a speaker is called Narration.
Part-IV
(Imperative Sentences)
Rules:-
1. In Imperative sentences said to is replaced with ordered,
commanded, advised, suggested, proposed, persuaded, warned, etc.
2. Inverted commas(" ") are replaced with 'to'. The first form of verb is
applied after 'to'.
3. in Negative sentences 'said' to is replaced with 'forbade' or 'do' is
replaced with 'not'.
Examples:-
• She said to me, "Work hard".
She advised me to work hard.
• I said to my friend, "Please give me your car for two hours."
I requested my friend to give me his car for two hours.
• She said to Meena, "Do not make a noise".
She forbade Meena to make a noise.
(or She ordered Meena not to make a noise.)
• The general said to the soldiers, "March forward."
The general commanded the soldiers to march forward.
• Ramesh said to him, "Let me do my home work."
Ramesh requested him to let him do his home work.
• The manager said to the peon,"Let the visitors come in.
The manager ordered the peon to let the visitors come in.
He said to me, "Let us go on picnic this Sunday".
•
He proposed/suggested me that we should go on picnic that Sunday.
(or He proposed me to go on picnic that Sunday.
• He said, "Thank you, doctor."
He thanked the doctor.
• Dinkar said to me, "Beware of such politicians."
Dinkar warned me against such politicians.
PART-V
(Exclamatory Sentences)
Rules:-
1. Use conjunction 'that' to connect the speech with reporting verb
2. Change tenses according to the rules learnt in PART-II
3. 'Said' is mostly changed into 'exclaimed' (sometimes
'applauded......saying')
4. Replace 'what' or 'how' with 'very' (sometimes 'big' or 'great')
5. Change exclamatory words as follows: AH!, Alas! .... with sorrow;
Aha!, Ha!, Hurrah! ....with joy; Oh ....with surprise; Pooh! ....with
contempt; Sorry! ....with regret, Bravo! ....applauded....saying.
Examples:-
• The child said, "What a bitter medicine!"
The child exclaimed that the medicine was very bitter.
• He said, "How big the train is!"
He exclaimed that the train was very big.
• Vikas said, "Alas! I have lost my wallet."
Vikas exclaimed with sorrow that he had lost his wallet.
• Rajani said to her friend, "Pooh! you have cheated me."
Rajani exclaimed with contempt that her friend had cheated her.
• The captain said to the players, "Bravo! you played well today."
The captain applauded his players saying that they had played well
that day.
PART-VI
(Optative Sentences)
Rules:-
1. Such sentences indicate with (good morning, good noon, good day,
would that, O that, if .....etc.), and prayer (may, may God). Therefore
'said' is mostly replaced with 'wished' or 'prayed'.
2. In case of good bye, farewell, good night (when parting company)
'said' is replaced with 'bade'.
Examples:-
• He said , "Good morning uncle!"
He wished his uncle good morning.
• Ranjita said, "Good bye friends!"
Ranjita bade her friends good bye.
• My grandmother said to me, "May you live long."
My granmother prayed for me tht I might live long.
• Montu said, "Would that I were a minister!"
Montu wished that he had been a minister.
Indirect Speech of two or more sentences:-
• She said to me, "I am going to market. Do you want to go?"
She told me that she was going to market and asked if I wanted to go.
• The manager said to the clerk, "You may leave now. Don't forget to
keep these files in the file cabinet."
The manager told the clerk that he might leave then and ordered not
to forget to keep those files in the file cabinet.
• The doctor said to the patient, "Why didn't you come yesterday. Your
fever is high."
The doctor asked the patient why he hadn't come the previous day as
his fever was high.
• I said to Rocky, "Don't abuse others. It is a bad habit. How will you
feel if others abuse you?"
I advised Rocky not to abuse others because it is a bad habit and
asked how he would
feel if others abused him.
• Use of Non-Finites - Part - 3
• Gerundial Infinitive : The infinitives that are used as an adjective or
an adverb are called 'gerundial infinitives'. A gerundial infinitive has
many uses:-
To modify a Verb:-
a. He decided to work there. (Purpose)
b. He went to the place to save him. (Purpose)
c. We eat to live. (Cause)
To qualify an Adjective:-
a. It is good to go for a walk daily.
b. She is quick to learn things.
c. He is hard to cope with.
In these sentences infinitive is representing the feature of an
adjective. Therefore, it qualifies adjectives like good, quick and hard.
To qualify a Sentence:-
a. To go there, I need some money.
b. To go for a walk, we should get up early in the morning.
c. To get a job, he had to go through many interviews.
In the next part you will learn the use of infinitives without 'To'.
Prepositions Part-4
Preposition is a word (or group of words) used esp. before a noun or
pronoun to show place, position, time etc.
BELOW, at a lower position
1. The valley is below the hill.
2. Don't write below this line.
3. The temperature will remain below freezing point.
4. His rank is below an inspector.
5. He got below 50% marks.
ACROSS
Part I From one side to another side
1. Can he swim across the river?
2. The child ran across the ground.
3. Draw a line across the page.
Part II On the other side
1. My house is across the street.
2. Please wait for me across the road.
ABOUT relating to, on the point of
1. Do you know anything about him?
2. I have no knowledge about it.
3. They are about to go.
4. The movie was about to start.
5. Has he written a book about China?
ALONGWITH, in addition to
1. The company is giving a vcd free alongwith television.
2. I gave him a pen alongwith the book.
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7. Questions-Answers : Part 3
8. • Which mobile do you have?
= I have Nokia 6630.
• How is its performance?
= Excellent. It also has 1.3 megapixel camera, and one hour's video
recording.
• Did you buy a new one or second hand?
= It is new. My father gave it to me on my birthday.
• What would you like to do in the evening?
= I would like to play.
• What’s wrong with him?
= He is feeling fever/he is not feeling well.
• How is the child now?
= The child is better/fine now.
• How often do you come here?
= I come here thrice a week.
• He quarrelled with his friend, didn’t he?
= Yes, he did.
• You were in the park, weren’t you?
= No, I wasn’t.
• Isn’t it cold today?
= Yes, it is.
• Can he get success in this work?
= Yes, he can.
• Don’t you know that man?
= No, I don’t.
• You know how to paint, don’t you?
= Yes, I do.
• What is the time please?
At what time did you reach his home?
= At quarter past four.
• Why did the teacher punish John?
= Because he hadn’t done his homework.
• Whose father is going to foreign country?
= Nita's father is going to foreign country.
• To which country is he going?
= He is going to Germany.
• Where have you been so long?
= I went to market for shopping.
• What did you purchase?
= I purchased two new dresses.
• With whom did you go there?
= I went there with my mother.
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11. Questions-Answers : Part 2
12. Questions-Answers
• How many friends do you have?
= I have ten friends.
• In which college/school do you study?
= I study in Ramjas college/WNN Public School.
• Where is your school/college situated?
= My school/college is situated at Vasant Vihar/Maurice Nagar.
• What are your subjects?
= My subjects are ..................
• Who is the principal of your college/school?
= Mr. ....... is the principal of our school/college.
• How far is your college/school from your home?
= It is 5 kms far from my home.
• How do you go to school/college?
= I go to school/college by bus.
• How many teachers are there in your school/college?
= There are 25 teachers in our school/college.
• What time is it now?
= It is ..... O’clock now.
• How do you do/ how are you?
= I am quite well.
• What are your hobbies?
= My hobbies are listening to music and reading books.
• Which is your favourite music album?
= My favourite music album is ......
• Have you a bike or scooter?
= I have a bike.
• Which bike do you have?
= I have Bajaj Pulsar.
• Why did you buy this bike?
= Because it is good-looking and powerful.
How much did this bike cost you?
= It costed me fifty thousand rupees.
• Do you know how to drive a car?
= Yes I do.
• Whom will you go to meet tomorrow?
= I shall go to meet my uncle tomorrow.
• Which exercise do you take daily?
= I do jogging/yoga.
• Where do you go for it?
= I go to Punjabi Bagh Club.
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15. Questions-Answers : Part 1
16.
• What is your good name?
= My name is Mamata.
• What is your father's name?
= His name is Sh. R.P. Sharma.
• What is your age/ How old are you?
= My age is 20 years/ I am 20 years old.
• What is your father?
= My father is a businessman.
• Which type of business does he do?
= He deals in ready-made garments.
• What is your mother?
= She is a teacher.
• How many members are there in your
family?
= There are five members in my family.
• Who is the youngest member?
= I am the youngest member of the family.
• Who is the oldest member of your family?
= My grandfather is the oldest member of the family.
• What does your grandfather do?
= He is an advocate in High Court.
• How many brothers and sisters do you have?
= I have one brother and one sister.
• Where do you live?
= I live at Punjabi Bagh.
• At what time do you get up in the morning?
= I get up at 6 am.
• At what time do you go to bed?
= I go to bed at 10.30 pm.
• In which company are you working?
= I am working in Global Consusltants, Gurgaon.
• What is your post there?
= I am a software engineer.
• How many employees are there in your company?
= There are about 50 employees.
• How much salary are you drawing?
= I am drawing Rs.35,000/- per month.
• Your company is very far from your house. How do you go there?
= I go there by the company bus.
• What is your favourite TV channel?
= Discovery is my favourite TV channel.
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19. Questions-Answers : Part 1
20. • What is your good name?
= My name is Mamata.
• What is your father's name?
= His name is Sh. R.P. Sharma.
• What is your age/ How old are you?
= My age is 20 years/ I am 20 years old.
• What is your father?
= My father is a businessman.
• Which type of business does he do?
= He deals in ready-made garments.
• What is your mother?
= She is a teacher.
• How many members are there in your
family?
= There are five members in my family.
• Who is the youngest member?
= I am the youngest member of the family.
• Who is the oldest member of your family?
= My grandfather is the oldest member of the family.
• What does your grandfather do?
= He is an advocate in High Court.
• How many brothers and sisters do you have?
= I have one brother and one sister.
• Where do you live?
= I live at Punjabi Bagh.
• At what time do you get up in the morning?
= I get up at 6 am.
• At what time do you go to bed?
= I go to bed at 10.30 pm.
• In which company are you working?
= I am working in Global Consusltants, Gurgaon.
• What is your post there?
= I am a software engineer.
• How many employees are there in your company?
= There are about 50 employees.
• How much salary are you drawing?
= I am drawing Rs.35,000/- per month.
• Your company is very far from your house. How do you go there?
= I go there by the company bus.
• What is your favourite TV channel?
= Discovery is my favourite TV channel.
21. Situation Speaking : Part 3
22. 21
Magic Show
Last Sunday I saw a magic show in Talkatora Stadium. I went there
with my friends. The show started at 8pm. The magician showed many
good tricks. It was a wonderful show. The audience clapped many
times. I also enjoyed the show very much.
22
Report Car Theft
Excuse me! Please write my F.I.R. My car has been stolen. I had gone
for shopping in Rajouri Garden market. I had parked my car in the
parking place. When I came back from shopping my car was not there.
Its colour is blue. It is Honda City. Its number is .......
23
going on trip
Good morning, papa. Our school has arranged a trip to Ooty. Charges
of the tour are Rs.1500/-. My all friends are going. I also want to go.
Please give me permission to go. Thanks papa.
24
Uncle Has Got Late
for Dinner
Hello uncle! Where are you late? Why have you not reached as yet?
We are worried. You were to come at 8pm. Now it is 9pm. Dinner is
ready and getting cool. Please come soon.
25
Thanking Uncle for Gift
Uncle, thanks for sending me birthday gift. It is a beautiful video
game. Everybody has liked it. Why didn't you come on my birthday. I
missed you on my birthday.
26
Someone skipped Red Light
Please stop your car! Come aside. Why have you skipped the red light?
Don't you know the traffic rules? If you skip the red light you may
meet with an accident. Traffic rules are for the safety of public. I am
making out your challan. Please give me Rs.100/-. Be careful in future.
27
Reporting a Kidnapping Case
Is it police station? Please write a kidnapping report. I was standing at
Kirti Nagar bus stop. Suddenly a white van came and kidnapped a
child. The number of the van is...... The kidnappers have fled towards
Raja Garden. Please chase them to help the child.
28
Why should we learn english?
In modern world English language plays a very important role in our
career. It is an international language. If our English is effective we
can get a good job in a good company. We also get social respect. If
we go to other states or any foreign country we can communicate to
others easily. Therefore we must learn good English.
29
Should we beat the
children?
We should never beat the children. Even if they are very naughty we
should handle them with affection. They are tender. Beating disturbs
them mentally. So they can not develop their talent properly. If they
get some bad habits we should make them understand with love.
30
Should parents be friendly with their
children?
Yes. Parents must be friendly with their children. If parents are friendly
the children can express their feelings freely. They ask for help to
solve their problems without hesitation. Children are very intelligent
these days. They get good education, watch television and read
newspapers. With some friendly guidance from their parents they can
make good decisions. They always respect good and friendly parents.
Friendly atmosphere at home keeps the children tension-free. It is also
good for their all-round personality development.
23. Make Correction - 7
24. Re-write the following sentences correcting the use of Tenses:-
Answers:
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27. Make Correction - 6
28. Re-write the following sentences correcting the use of Tenses:-
Answers:
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31. Make Correction - 5
32. Re-write the following sentences correcting the use of Tenses:-
1. don't - doesn't, 2. took - take, 3. bought - buy, 4. has - have, 5. lose - lost, 6.
water - watering, 7. advise - advising, 8. plucked - pluck, 9. scolded - scold, 10. has
- have
33.
34.
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37. Tenses : Present, Past, Future
38. Present Tense
Past Tense
Note: Mostly the sentences are made in this tense when an action
completed before a point of time in past: i) The guests had not
reached till Sunday. ii) The movie had started before I reached home.
iii) She had completed her work before 3pm.
Future Tense
a) FURURE INDEFINITE
Aff.: Sub+will/shall+V1
We shall play match.
They will meet you tomorrow.
Neg.: Sub+will/shall+not+V1
They will not go to market.
Int.:Will/Shall+sub+V1?
Shall I take breakfast ?
Int. & Neg. : Will/shall+sub+not+V1
Will washerman not iron the clothes?
Shall we not going for a walk?
Note: Use shall with I and we only.