Summary UNIT 7

Topic: Past Simple negative and questions.

1) Vocabulary: Transport.
 Aeroplane
 Scooter
 Tram
 Ship
 Helicopter
 Coach
 Ferry
 Train

2) Grammar: Complete the rule.

To make the past simple negative, we use didn’t + the infinitive.
For example:

 We didn’t go very fat at all.

 We didn’t want to take anything that we didn’t need.
To make questions in the past simple, we use did + subject + infinitive.
For example:

 How did you travel?

 Did you go through central Asia

3) Adjectives opposites
Full Empty

Clean Dirty

Comfortable Uncomfortable

Slow Fast

Safe Dangerous

Cheap Expensive
4) Writing Skills

Linking ideas with after, when and while.

Rules:
 We use when and while to join two activities that happen at the same time.
 We use when and after to join two activities that happen at different times.
 If the linking word is at the beginning of the sentence, we use a comma (,)
between the two parts.

For example:

 I often play basketball with my colleagues after I finish work.

 While I watch a game of football, I usually want to play a game myself.
 When I finish my English course, I’d like to go to Canada for a holiday.

5) Wordpower (get)
Questions and answers
 Is Bella still single? No, she got married last year.
 What’s the best way to go to the city centre? You can get the bus
 Have a good journey. Thanks. I’ll phone you when I get home.
 Do you want milk in your coffee? Yes, please. Could you get some from the
fridge?
 How’s Susie? She’s fine. I got an email from her last night.
 Summary UNIT 8
Topic: can/can’t, could/couldn’t for ability.

1) Vocabulary: Sport and exercise.

 do yoga
 Play badminton
 Ride a bike
 Dance
 Skate
 Ski

2) Grammar: Complete the rule.

To talk about ability, we use can / can’t for the present and could / couldn’t for the past.
For example:

 He couldn’t run around with the other children any more.

 But in their sports, they can do things that most people can’t.
To make questions, we change to can you
For example:

 Can you run that fast?

3) Parts of the body

 Head  hand
 Back  finger
 Neck  leg
 Stomach  foot
 Arm  Toe

4) Writing Skills

Linking ideas with however; adverbs of manner.

Rules:
Is the idea in the second sentence surprising after reading the idea in the first sentence?
 For example:

 I can only do very simple exercises. However I feel really fit.

 I started doing yoga about six year ago. However I can’t do the difficult positions.
 I feel off my bike and hurt my leg. However I didn’t stop riding

5) Wordpower (tell / say)

Questions and answers
 Say hello/goodbye / thank you/ sorry.
 Tell a story/ the truth/ a joke
 Summary UNIT 9
Topic: Present simple or present continuous

1) Vocabulary
Shopping:
 A chemist
 A department store
 A fast food restaurant
 A bookshop
 A clothes shop
 A café
Clothes.
Lucas: Diana
 Socks  Dress
 Shoes  Gloves
 Scarf  Raincoat
 Trousers  Earrings
 Boots  Jeans
 Shirt  Jumper

2) Grammar
 Present continuous

We use be + verb + -ing to talk about: a: Now b: all the time.

1. Positive +:
I´m reading magazine

2. Negative -:
I´m not drinking coffee

3. Yes/No questions (?)

Are you parking the car?
For example:

 Where are you?

 I´m just getting some cash.
 Are you having a coffee?
 No, I´m just buying that new book.
 Where are you waiting for us?
  I´m standing by the entrance.
 Are you buying furniture?
 No, we aren´t buying anything.

 Tip

We don’t use have for possession in continuous sentences:

 I have a new car. NOT I´m having a new car.
 She has red hair. NOT She´s having red hair.

We can use have for actions in continuous sentences:

 We´re having dinner right now

 I´m not having fun.

3) Conversation skill

We use to saying something nice:

For example:

 That looks great

 It look really good on you

4) Writing skills
Writing formal and informal emails.

 Formal email:
Dear Mr Jones.
I´d just like to thank you very much for the MP3 player you got me for a leaving present.
I´ve already got over 500 songs on it and I use it all the time.
Best of luck for the future.
Regards
Lucy.

 Informal email.
Hi Paul
Mani thank for your help when mi car didn´t star last night.
I really need to buy a new one.
 Thanks once again.
Judy.

5) Wordpower

Correct the sentences:

 Hi, Sally! I´m really enjoying my holiday in London.
 Jane is looking for a new dress in that new clothes shop.
 Don´t waste time trying to find the street on your satnav. Just ask that woman over
there.
 Summary UNIT 10
Topic: Comparative and Superlative adjectives

1. Vocabulary
 Download a file
 Download a document
 Click on a link
 Visit a website
 Log on to a website
 Log on to a computer
 Save a document
 Save a file

2. Grammar
 Comparative adjectives

We use a comparative adjective+ than to compare two or more things,

people, etc.
4. Short adjectives (e.g light) add er:
hard: harder
5. Write more before long adjective (e.g. expensive)
Interesting: more interesting
6. Some adjectives are irregular (e.g. good, bad)
Good: better
Bad: worse
For example:

 Most people think a tablet is heavier than a smartphone.

 Most people think a smartphone is better than a tablet.
Tip

Good and bad are irregular:

 Good: better
 Bad: worse

 Superlative adjectives
We use superlative form of adjectives to talk about extremes. We
usually use the before superlatives.
1. Short adjectives (e.g. hard) add est:
Small: smaller
 2. Write most before long adjectives (e.g. musical):
Expensive: most expensive
3. Some adjectives are irregular (e.g. good, bad):
Good: the best
Bad: the worst

For example:

 Signora Monti was the best teacher at my school.

 The hardest language to learn is Basque.
 Spanish is the easiest language to learn.
Tip

Good and bad are irregular:

 Good: the best

 Bad: the worst

3. Conversation skill

We use so first, like this, is that right:

For example:

 So first I touch this button?

 And it takes me to a new screen. Like this?
 And I touch ‘Yes. Is that right?

4. Writing skills
Linking ideas with also, too and well.
Where does the word also come in each sentence?
1. After a main verb (get, send, live...)
2. Before an auxiliary verb (be, have, can…)
3. At the beginning of a new sentence.

5. Wordpower most
Questions and answers
 Most of the people we know here are Italian, so when people come to our house
we speak Italian…..
  most of the time, but most of them understand English too so we sometimes
speak English and Italian together. I like speaking English…
 most of all because I was at school in London and because it’s an international
language and…
 most people speak it. But with my parents usually speak Spanish with us she says
it’s the most beautiful language in the world.

1. Which four languages does the family speak?

They speak Spanish german, Italy and England.
2. Which language does the writer prefer speaking? Which does her mother
prefer speaking? Why?
She prefers speaking English because she was a school in London.
 Summary UNIT 11
Topic: Present perfect and past simple

1. Vocabulary
a. Irregular past participles

Read Heard Written Seen

 How did you know Isla Fisher has written novels? Have you read them?
 I’ve never seen film with Mia Wasikowska
 I’ve heard she’s really funny in Bridesmaids

Do the verbs end in –ed

b. Music
 Dancer
 Musician
 Classical
 Orchestra
 Opera

2. Grammar
 Present perfect: positive

We use the present perfect to talk about past actions in a time period
which stars in the past and continues now, for example: today, this week,
this year, your lifetime.

We make the present perfect from the ver have + the past participle of
the main verb.

a. I/you/we/they + have (‘ve) + past participle (e.g. worked)

b. He/she/it + has (‘s)

 Present perfect: negative and questions

Ever Never Seen

a. I haven’t seen any of her films
b. I’ve never seen a film with Mia Wasikowska
c. Have you ever seen any of her films?
 1. When we use not, ever and never, they come After have in the
present perfect.
2. When we make a question in the present perfect, have comes
Before the subject.
 Present perfect or past simple

We use the present perfect to talk about the past experiences in our life,
but don’t say when exactly.
For example:

a. I’ve been to Bueno Aires (We don’t know when)

We use the present simple to say when something happened (e.g. Last
year, yesterday, 2012).
b. I went to the theatre last week.

3. Conversation skill

We use: Do you? – Did you think so?

For example: present

 I think they’re good.

Do you?
 Their music is interesting.
Did you think so?
For example: past
 I thought they were good.
Do you?
 The concert was boring.
Did you think so?
4. Writing skills
Structuring a review.
1. When did you see the films?
2. Did you like it?
3. Who wrote or directed it?
4. Who are the actors and are they good?
5. Do you recommend it?

5. Wordpower Multi-word verbs

a. Sorry, Mike, I’ve got a meeting now
That’s OK. I can call you back this afternoon
b. Here’s my photo ID
Thank you. Now can you fill this form in, please?
c. Are you from London?
Well, I was born in Manchester, but I grew up here
d. Here’s a very nice shirt in blue
Could I try it on?
e. You’re looking a bit tired
Yes, I think I need to lie down for a while
f. I’ve got nothing to do this evening
Well, would you like to come round for dinner?
 Summary UNIT 12
Topic: Going to and should/shouldn’t

1. Vocabulary
Geography:
 Island
 Mountain
 Forest
 Waterfall
 Beach
 Desert
 Lake
 Glacier
 Rainforest
 River

Travel collocations:

a hotel a bag home abroad plans a holiday

 Make/ change plans

 travel/ live abroad
 stay at / go back home
 plan/ have a holiday
 book / unpack a bag

2. Grammar
 Going to
We use be + going to +infinitive when we want to describe a future plan.

1. Positive +:
I´m going to find out more about it.
2. Negative -:
I´m not going to go to university next year.
3. Wh- questions (?)
What are you going to do?
 For example:

 I’m going to spend six months travelling and working next year.
 Great. Where are you going to go?
 I’m going to travel around South Africa.
 What jobs are you going to do?
 Cleaning, cooking, working in restaurant – things like that-
 I’m not going to do anything too difficult

 Should / shouldn’t
a. We use should to give advice.
b. You should means it’s a good idea.
c. After should and shouldn’t we use infinitive without to

We use subject + should/shouldn’t +infinitive.

1. Positive +:
I should go
2. Negative -:
The shouldn’t go.
3. Yes/No questions (?)
Should she go?
Yes, she should.

3. Conversation skill

We use showing surprise:

For example:

 Martina: I’ve won a competition.

 Dan: Have you? Fantastic. What’s the prize?
 Martina: A weekend for two in Bath…
 Dan: Really? That’s great.
4. Writing skills
Paragraph writing

a. What is she going to do?

She’s going to visit your home town soon.

5. Wordpower: Take
 You can take the number 23 – to talk about using transport
 Please take care! – to give street directions
 It will only take five minutes – to talk about carrying something
 Then you take the first left – to tell someone to be careful
 Let me take your suitcase for you – to talk about time
 Take one three time a day before meals – to talk about medicine