KINDS OF

VERBS
 TRANSITIVE VERBS
-are verbs that show the action being done
by the subject of the sentence.
-it requires a direct object to receive its action
and complete its meaning.
-a sentence with the transitive verb follows
this pattern:
subject + transitive verb + object
 Examples
1. She takes a book. (the verb takes need an
object a book to complete the meaning of the
sentence)
2. I need a chair.
3. They speak English.
4. I love listening to music.
5. She greeted me earlier.
 INTRANSITIVE VERBS
-another action verbs which express an
activity. However, unlike a transitive verb, it
does not need an object to receive an
action.
PATTERN:
SUBJECT + I.V. + (ADVERB)
 Examples
VERBS:
Appear Go Sleep Cry
Come Happen Swim Dance
Fall Matter Wait Sing
SENTENCES:
1.He cries.
2.They dance well.
3.The leaves fall into the ground.
4.The baby sleeps soundly.
 Linking Verb
-also called copula - is a nonaction verb
which links a subject to a word or words in
the predicate.
-may be a noun, an adjective, an adverb, a
noun phrase, an adjective phrase, or an
adverb phrase.
 Examples
Be appear become grow
Feel get look prove
Seem smell stay sound
Taste stay remain turn
Linking verbs need subjective complement
than object and that subjective complement
describes the subject.
A.Subjective complement as Adjective
1.Your face grows red.
2.He looks tired.
3.Her voice sounds pretty.

B. Subjective complement as noun/pronoun.

1.He becomes a district governor.
2. The thief is you.
 Auxiliary Verb
- Is a nonaction verb which is used to add a
function to the main verb that it
accompanies. Together with the main
clause, it forms different tenses.

Two types of auxiliary verbs

1.Primary auxiliaries
2.Modal auxiliaries
 Primary Auxiliaries
-are forms of be, have, and do.

BE is used to form continuous tenses and

passive voice.
Examples:
1.The dog is biting a child.
2. A child is bitten by the dog.
She was looking into a various bottles.
Has/Have is used to form perfect tense.

Examples:
1.They have known me for three years.
2.She had spoken to him directly.
3.Mila had already taken her medicine.
4.Rick has made up his mind.
Do/Does is used to form question and
negative sentence in the present simple
tense. We can also use them to show
emphasis.

Examples:
1.He doesn’t eat meat.
2.Do you want to go with us?
3.I do live here. (emphasis)
WILL is used to form future tense.

Examples:
1.The environment will become terrible in a
few decades.
2. He would disappear.
 Modal Auxiliary
-are used to show ability, permission,
obligation, necessity, advice, possibility,
probability, request, suggestions, habit, or
promise.
A. Ability
We use can, could and be able to to talk
about the ability.

CAN is used in the present.

Ex: He can play the guitar.

COULD is used in the past.

Ex: My sister could speak when she was15
years old.
BE ABLE TO is used both in present and
past.

Ex: Last year I wasn’t able to speak at all,

but now I am able to speak smoothly.
B, Permission
We use CAN, COULD, MAY, and
MIGHT to ask for a permission.

EXAMPLES:
CAN I use your pen for a moment?
COULD I ask you a personal question?
MAY I make a suggestion?
C. Obligation and necessity
We use MUST, HAVE TO/ HAVE GOT
TO/ HAD TO to express obligation and
necessity.

EXAMPLE:
I have got to a trouble pain in my back, so I
must go to the doctor now.
We have to pass our projects on time.
D. Obligation and Advice
We use to talk about obligation and
SHOULD, OUGHT TO, HAD BETTER, and
SHALL advice.

SHOULD and OUGHT TO is used to talk

about the obligation and duty, to ask and
give an advice and in general, to say what is
right and good.
EXAMPLES:
You ought to learn how to swim
You shouldn’t tell a lie.

HAD BETTER is used to express a strong

recommendation in a particular situation.
EX:
It’s going to be cold tonight, so I had better
turn in the heater.
SHALL is used when we want to know
someone’s opinion, or when we want advice
or instruction.

Example:
I have missed my last bus. What shall I do?
I’m not sure what to do. Shall I apply for a
job or not?
How long shall I cook this rice?
Possibility
We use MAY, MIGHT and COULD to
talk about present or future possibility.

EXAMPLE:
There is someone at the door. It may be
Sara.
We aren’t sure what we are going to do
tomorrow. We might go to the beach.
Request
We use can, could, may, will and would
to ask for something, to ask for permission,
or to ask someone to do something.

EXAMPLES:
Can I ask you a favor?
Could I ask you some questions?
May I have some more coffee?
Offer
We use will, shall, could, and would
when we are willing to do something for
someone

Examples:
I will lend you some money.
I can write this letter for you.
I could help you to lift this box.
Would you like me to help you?
Suggestions
We use shall, can, and could to ask for
and make a suggestion.

Examples:
Shall we stay at home?
We can watch TV if you like.
We could go to the cinema.
Habit
We use USED TO to talk about the
past habit which are now finished.

Examples:
Robert used to play football when he was
young.
 We use WILL AND WOULD to talk
about the actions which are repeated again
and again, and we use WILL for present
habits and WOULD for past habits.

Examples:
Every day Jane will come home from school
and ring up the friends she just been talking
to.
In those days people would make their own
entertainment.
Promise
We use WILL to express strong
intention in promises and threats.

Examples:
I will be careful with the car, I promise.
Stop making that noise or I will scream!
 Activity
Directions: Analyze the sentences carefully.
Identify the type of the underlined verbs. Write A if
it is transitive, B if intransitive, C if linking verb and
D if auxiliary verb.

1.The burglar disappeared with the cash.

2. The director told the actors, “Do your best, and
we’ll be a hit.”
3.He would tell me if he thought we were in danger
 4. His ability to concentrate is legendary.
5. The campers hid inside the cabin when they
saw the bear.
6. Alexis is swimming in the state
championship next week.
7. Frustrated with the official’s call, Ethan
kicked the bench.
8. The student procrastinated too long and
failed to finish the project.
9. The vegetarian burger tasted like salted
cardboard.
10.Ellen nodded to the audience and sang her
song.
11.Her brother likes bananas, but she likes
peaches.
12.Adjunct faculty are teaching in several of the
lower division courses.
13.The director told the actors, “Do your best,
and we’ll be a hit.”

14.Regis Philbin, the host of “Who Wants to be a

Millionaire,” smiled at her answer.
15. When the contestant completed the first test,
she received another clue.
16. Dennis became impatient when Thomas took
so long choosing a movie.
17. President Clinton pushed into the crowd and
shook her hand.
18. The hiker turned quickly toward the noise
behind him.
19. Our teacher gave each of us another chance
to take the exam.
20. After the chef completed the demonstration,
she left the students to clean the kitchen.
Activity
Decide whether the verbs in bold are
transitive or intransitive.
1.She was crying all day long.
2.We showed her the photo album.
3.The doctor advised me to exercise
regularly.
4.It was raining at that time.
5.She laughed at the joke.
6. She gave a cookie to the child.
7. They slept in the street.
8. I ate the cherries.
9. My father doesn't drink coffee.
10. He always keeps his money in a wallet.