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    The document provides background information on the Europeans who came to the New World, including Iberians, Celts, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Visigoths, Muslims, and Jews. It discusses the Muslim invasion and rule of the Iberian Peninsula from the 8th century, known as Al-Andalus, and the subsequent Reconquista by Christian forces that lasted from the 8th to 15th centuries and resulted in the gradual recovery of Iberian territory. It also summarizes the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469, which symbolized the unification of the Spanish kingdoms and the completion of the Reconqu

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    4 European Background

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    The document provides background information on the Europeans who came to the New World, including Iberians, Celts, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Visigoths, Muslims, and Jews. It discusses the Muslim invasion and rule of the Iberian Peninsula from the 8th century, known as Al-Andalus, and the subsequent Reconquista by Christian forces that lasted from the 8th to 15th centuries and resulted in the gradual recovery of Iberian territory. It also summarizes the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469, which symbolized the unification of the Spanish kingdoms and the completion of the Reconqu

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    12 views19 pages

    European Background - Iberian World

    Uploaded by

    josenmiami
    The document provides background information on the Europeans who came to the New World, including Iberians, Celts, Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Greeks, Romans, Visigoths, Muslims, and Jews. It discusses the Muslim invasion and rule of the Iberian Peninsula from the 8th century, known as Al-Andalus, and the subsequent Reconquista by Christian forces that lasted from the 8th to 15th centuries and resulted in the gradual recovery of Iberian territory. It also summarizes the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469, which symbolized the unification of the Spanish kingdoms and the completion of the Reconqu

    Copyright:

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    of 19

    EUROPEAN

    BACKGROUND –
    IBERIAN WORLD

    LAH 2020, Spring 2010


    WHO WERE THE
    EUROPEANS WHO CAME TO
    THE NEW WORLD?
    • IBERIANS
    • CELTS
    • PHOENICIANS
    • CARTHAGENIANS
    • GREEKS
    • ROMANS
    • VISIGOTHS
    • MUSLIMS (Arabs)
    • JEWS
    • ROMANS - HISPANIA
    • MUSLIMS FROM NORTH AFRICA
    INVADED THE IBERIAN
    PENINSULA IN 711
    • RECONQUISTA – RECONQUEST
    PERIOD – LASTED EIGHT
    CENTURIES
    • AL-ANDALUS – NAME UNDER
    MUSLIM RULE
    RECONQUISTA –
    RECONQUEST
    • CHRISTIANS AND MUSLIMS FOUGHT
    FOR THE CONTROL OF IBERIA FROM
    ABOUT 718 TO ABOUT 1491
    • MOST ACTIVE YEARS – 850 TO 1250
    • OBJECTIVE – TERRITORY, ESPECIALLY
    GRAZING AND AGRICULTURAL LAND
    Incentives

    • RELIGIOUS GOALS – MUCH LATER


    • LOOT
    • LAND
    • TITLES
    • EXPECTED REWARDS FOR SERVICE
    TO THE CROWN
    AL-ANDALUS
    AL-ANDALUS

    • CHRISTIANS, MUSLIMS, AND JEWS


    LIVED TOGETHER – PEACEFUL
    COEXISTENCE - CONVIVENCIA
    • ARAB CONTRIBUTIONS TO IBERIA
    • RECOVERY OF TERRITORY
    (PENINSULA) WAS GRADUAL
    • COMBINATION OF PRIVATE INITIATIVE
    AND CROWN SPONSORS
    • EMIRATE OF GRANADA –
    SOUTHEASTERN IBERIA REMAINED IN
    MUSLIMS HANDS
    BY 1300
    PORTUGAL
    WAS UNDER
    CHRISTIAN
    RULE
    Emergence of Spain

    • 1469 – MARRIAGE OF FERDINAND OF


    ARAGON AND ISABEL OF CASTILE
    • ISABEL’S CLAIM TO CROWN OF
    CASTILE DISPUTED
    • SETTLEMENT REACHED IN 1479
    • MARRIAGE BECAME A SYMBOL OF
    UNIFICATION OF THE KINGDOM
    The Catholic Monarchs

    • Ferdinand
    • & Isabella
    Castile

    • CASTILE WAS RICHEST TERRITORY,


    LARGER IN POPULATION; DOMINANT
    ECONOMY OF THE REGION
    • MERCHANTS OF NORTHERN CITIES,
    ESP. BURGOS AND BILBAO,
    SOPHISTICATED AND EXPERIENCED
    IN OVERSEAS TRADE
    RECONQUISTA COMPLETED

    • FINAL RECONQUISTA BEGAN IN 1481


    • 2 JANUARY 1492 – SPANISH
    MONARCHS ENTERED GRANADA
    • SYMBOLIC UNIFICATION OF IBERIA
    UNDER THE KINGDOMS OF CASTILE,
    LEON AND ARAGON
    Granad
    a
    The Battle of Granada
    Favorable Factors
    • DISPUTE OVER SUCCESSION IN GRANADA – USED
    BY THE CHRISTIANS TO THEIR ADVANTAGE
    • FIGHTING STRATEGY – TO ENCIRCLE THE MUSLIM
    TOWNS AND ISOLATE THEM FROM THE REST;
    CLOSE ALL COMMUNICATIONS AND
    TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD
    • TOWNS DESTROYED, BURNED AND SACKED,
    PEOPLES TAKEN CAPTIVES
    • 1491 SIEGE OF GRANADA – LAST STRONGHOLD
    • SPANISH MONARCHS WERE IN SANTA FE –
    MILITARY CAMP OUTSIDE GRANADA
    Columbus
    Christopher Columbus

    • COLUMBUS WAS AT SANTA FE AT


    THE TIME
    • HIS PROPOSAL TO FIND A SHORT
    ROUTE TO ASIA (THE INDIES) WAS
    FIRST ACCEPTED BY THE SPANISH
    MONARCHS

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