Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of
Throwing
Objectives in Throwing
Activities
• Maximum Distance
• Maximum Accuracy
• Speed and Accuracy
Maximum Distance
• Determining Factors
– Release velocity
• Greater release velocities
produce greater distance
Maximum Distance
Determining Factors
•
Release angle
–
Gravity produces a constant
•
acceleration that acts on
the projectile from release
to landing, causing the
projectile to follow the path
of a parabola
Maximum Distance
• Determining Factors
– Release angle
• Optimum release angles
produce the greatest distances
Angle
Distance
Maximum Distance
• Determining
Factors
– Release
Height
• Greater
release
heights
produce
greater
Maximum Distance
• Determining Factors
– Aerodynamics
Lift
Maximum Accuracy
• Determining Factors
– Release Point
• The ball follows a path
that is a tangent to the
release point on the
arc of the throwing
motion
Maximum Accuracy
• Determining Factors
– Throwing Arc
Speed and Accuracy
• Determining Factors
– Kinetic Chain
– Throwing Arc
– Release Point
– Aerodynamics
Distance
Height of Aerodynamic
Release Factors
Physics Position
Attitude Wind Angular
Angle Velocity Velocity of
Speed of Angle of Implement
Release Release
Right-
shoulder
adduction
Left-
shoulder
horizontal
adduction
Levator Rhomb
Scapula oids
Serratus Trapezi
Anterior us
Pectoralis
Minor
Arm Cocking
• The rotator cuff muscles maintain
tension at this point to keep the
head of the humerus stable inside
the glenoid fossa
• The internal rotators of the shoulder
will develop tension to slow down
and prevent excessive external
rotation
Arm Acceleration
Arm Acceleration
This is the quickest phase of the throw
•
This phase starts just after the shoulder reaches maximum
• external rotation and ends when the ball is released
The internal rotators of the shoulder have been stretched
• like a coiled spring during the previous phase. They
shorten rapidly, assisted by this spring-like effect, and
produce very rapid internal rotation of the shoulder
Arm Acceleration
• The rotator cuff muscles help to
keep the head of the humerus
stabilized in the glenoid fossa
• The trapezius, rhomboids, levator
scapula, and serratus anterior are
also very important in keeping the
scapula stable during this movement
Arm Deceleration
Arm Deceleration
• This phase starts when the ball is released and ends
when maximum internal rotation of the shoulder is
reached
• The throwing arm is horizontally adducted and
internally rotated to the neutral or anatomical position
and the scapula is protracted
• Posterior muscles of the G-H Joint, especially the
Teres Minor, slow down the movement at the shoulder
while the retractors of the scapula slow down the
scapular protraction
Follow Through
Follow Through
• The arm deceleration process helps
reduce the force and therefore the
stress on the joints and muscles
involved
• This phase begins when when the
internal rotation of the shoulder
ends and finishes when the thrower
returns to a balanced position
Follow Through
• This part of the movement is designed
to extend the time that it takes to come
to a stop as well as distribute the forces
to the body and leg
• The posterior muscles of the G-H Joint
are very important to continue the
deceleration process at the shoulder
Follow Through
• The serratus anterior is very
active in stabilizing scapular
rotation while the rhomboids
and the middle part of the
trapezius continue to slow down
and reduce the force of
scapular protraction