Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Describe how a hierarchical network supports the
voice, video and data needs of a small and medium-
sized business.
Match the appropriate Cisco switch to each layer in
the hierarchical network design model.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business
Describe the key principles of hierarchical network
design
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business
Describe the role of a converged network in supporting
small and medium-sized (SMB) business voice, video,
and data needs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
Identify the considerations used to select a switch for a
hierarchical network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
Identify the key features of switches that are used in
hierarchical networks
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
Identify the key features of switches that are used in
hierarchical networks
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
Identify the switch features found in each level in a
hierarchical network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Summary
Hierarchical Design model addresses performance,
scalability, maintainability & manageability issues.
Traffic Analysis is used to monitor network
performance.
Hierarchical Design Model is composed of 3 layers:
Access
Distribution
Core
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Configure a Switch
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for
100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard.
Explain the functions that enable a switch to forward
Ethernet frames in a LAN.
Configure a switch for operation in a network
designed to support voice, video, and data
transmissions.
Configure basic security on a switch that will operate
in a network designed to support voice, video, and
data transmissions.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as
defined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE
802.3 standard
Describe the key elements of Ethernet/802.3 networks:
CSMA/CD, half-, full-duplex, collisions
Ethernet frame, MAC address
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as
defined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE
802.3 standard
Describe the design considerations for Ethernet/802.3
networks
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Summarize the operation of Ethernet as
defined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE
802.3 standard
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Describe the switch forwarding methods: store-and-
forawd & cut-through (fast-forward, fragment-free)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Explain symmetric and asymmetric Switching
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Describe how memory buffering works
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
Compare Layer 2 with Layer 3 switching
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to navigate
the command-line
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to access the
command history
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe the boot sequence of a Cisco switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe how to prepare the switch to be configured
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe how to verify the Cisco IOS configuration
using the Show command
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe how to manage the Cisco IOS configuration
files
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure
password options
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure a
login banner
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe the how to configure Telnet and SSH on a
switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe the key switch security attacks: MAC address
flooding, spoofing attacks, CDP attacks, and Telnet
attacks
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe the key switch security attacks: MAC address flooding,
spoofing attacks, CDP attacks, and Telnet attacks
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe how network security tools are used to
improve network security
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe why you need to secure ports on a switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to disable
unused ports
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Secure MAC Address Types
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Summary
LAN Design
Process that explains how a LAN is to be
implemented
Factors to consider in LAN design include
Collision domains
Broadcast domains
Network latency
LAN segmentation
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Summary
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
Summary
Symmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that have the
same bandwidth
Asymmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that have
unlike bandwidth
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Summary
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
VLANs
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network.
Explain the role of trunking VLANs in a converged
network.
Configure VLANs on the switches in a converged
network topology.
Troubleshoot the common software or hardware
misconfigurations associated with VLANs on switches
in a converged network topology.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
Benefits of VLANs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
VLAN characteristics
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
Describe the VLAN port membership modes
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
Explain the role of a trunk when using multiple VLANs
in a converged network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network – 802.1Q tagging
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Explain the Role of VLANs in a
Converged Network
Describe how to manage broadcast domains with
VLANs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
Describe how a trunk works
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
Converged Network
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
Describe the steps to configure trunks and VLANs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a
VLAN on a Cisco Catalyst switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to manage
VLANs on a Cisco Catalyst switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a
trunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
Converged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create a
trunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs
Describe how to use the troubleshooting procedure to
fix a common problem with VLAN configurations
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
Misconfigurations Associated with VLANs
IP subnet mismatch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Summary
VLANS
Allows an administrator to logically group devices
that act as their own network
Are used to segment broadcast domains
Some benefits of VLANs include
Cost reduction, security, higher performance,
better management
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Summary
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Summary
Trunks
A common conduit used by multiple VLANS for
intra-VLAN communication
EEE 802.1Q
The standard trunking protocol
Uses frame tagging to identify the VLAN to which a
frame belongs
Does not tag native VLAN traffic
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Implement VTP
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Explain the role of VTP in a converged switched
network
Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTP
Modes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning.
Configure VTP on the switches in a converged
network.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
Switched Network
Explain the role of VTP in a multi-switch network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
Switched Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
Switched Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
Switched Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Describe the Operation of VTP
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Describe the Operation of VTP
Explain the role of domains in VTP
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Describe the Operation of VTP
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLAN
information between switches in the same VTP domain
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLAN
information between switches in the same VTP domain
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLAN
information between switches in the same VTP domain
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Describe the Operation of VTP
VTP revision number
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe the role VTP modes play in enabling VTP to
distribute and synchronize domain and VLAN
configuration information in a network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe the role VTP modes play in enabling VTP to
distribute and synchronize domain and VLAN
configuration information in a network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Describe the Operation of VTP
Explain how VTP pruning functions
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Configure VTP on a Cisco Catalyst Switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Configure VTP domain on server & client
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Configure VTP mode
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Manage VLANs on a VTP enabled network (Server)
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Assign ports to VLANs on VTP Clients
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configuration
problems
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configuration
problems
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
Converged Network
Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configuration
problems
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Summary
VTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to exchange
VLAN information across trunk links.
A switch can be in one of 3 VTP operating modes
Client
Cannot create, modify or delete VLAN
Server
Can create, modify & delete VLAN
Transparent
Can create, modify, & delete LOCAL VLAN
Forwards VTP advertisements.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Summary
VTP pruning
Limits unnecessary dissemination of VLAN information.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Implement Spanning
Tree Protocols
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Explain the role of redundancy in a converged
network
Summarize how STP works to eliminate Layer 2 loops
in a converged network
Explain how the STP algorithm uses three steps to
converge on a loop-free topology
Implement rapid per VLAN spanning tree (rapid
PVST+) in a LAN to prevent loops between redundant
switches.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Explain the Role of Redundancy in a
Converged Switched Network
Redundancy in a hierarchical network – which path?
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Explain the Role of Redundancy in a
Converged Switched Network
Redundancy in a hierarchical network – path failure
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Explain the Role of Redundancy in a
Converged Switched Network
Redundancy can disable a hierarchical network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Layer 2 loops may occur
broadcast
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Layer 2 loops may occur
CAM change
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Broadcast Storms
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Spanning Tree Topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
24576 or x4096
below lowest BID
28672
Default priority:
32768
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Explain the role of the BPDU in STP
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Summarize How STP works to Eliminate
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Describe the role of STP port states and BPDU timers
in the operation of STP
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Define convergence for a switched network and
summarize the 3 step process STP uses to create a
loop free topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Explain the STP decision sequence is used to elect a
root bridge for a network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Describe the process of electing a root port on a switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Describe the process of electing designated ports and
non-designated ports on a switch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses Three
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
Cisco PortFast Technology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
Cisco PortFast Technology
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Summarize the features of the PVST+, RSTP and rapid
PVST+ variants of STP
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe the features of PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe the features of RSTP
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe RSTP edge ports
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe the RSTP link types
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe the RSTP port states and port roles
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 34
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe how to configure rapid PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe how to configure rapid PVST+
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe how to design STP to avoid problems
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 37
Implement Rapid per VLAN Spanning
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe how to identify and solve the key STP
configuration issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
Summary
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loops
from being formed on redundant networks
STP uses different port states & timers to logically
prevent loops
There is at least one switch in a network that serves as
the root bridge
Root bridge is elected using information found in BPDU frames
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
Summary
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 40
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
Implement Inter-
VLAN Routing
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Explain to the satisfaction of a qualified instructor how
network traffic is routed between VLANs in a
converged network.
Configure inter-VLAN routing on a router to enable
communications between end-user devices on
separate VLANs
Troubleshoot common inter-VLAN connectivity
issues.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Explain How Network Traffic is Routed
Between VLANs in a Converged Network
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Explain How Network Traffic is Routed
Between VLANs in a Converged Network
Describe the routing options between VLANs
native
802.1q
native
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Explain How Network Traffic is Routed
Between VLANs in a Converged Network
Describe the role of interfaces and subinterfaces in
supporting inter-VLAN routing
802.1q
802.1q
native
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
Performance
-Because there is no contention for bandwidth on separate
physical interfaces, physical interfaces have better performance
when compared to using subinterfaces.
-When subinterfaces are used for inter-VLAN routing, the traffic
being routed competes for bandwidth on the single physical
interface.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
Cost - financially, it is more cost-effective to use
subinterfaces over separate physical interfaces.
Routers that have many physical interfaces cost more
than routers with a single interface. The same with
switches.
Complexity
-Using subinterfaces for inter-VLAN routing results in a less
complex physical configuration than using separate physical
interfaces, because there are fewer physical network cables
interconnecting the router to the switch.
-On the other hand, using subinterfaces with a trunk port results
in a more complex software configuration, which can be
difficult to troubleshoot.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
Port Limits
-Physical interfaces are configured to have one interface per
VLAN on the network. On networks with many VLANs, using a
single router to perform inter-VLAN routing is not possible.
Routers have physical limitations that prevent them from
containing large numbers of physical interfaces.
-Subinterfaces allow a router to scale to accommodate more
VLANs than the physical interfaces permit. Inter-VLAN routing
in large environments with many VLANs can usually be better
accommodated by using a single physical interface with many
subinterfaces.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN
Connectivity Issues
When using the traditional routing model for inter-VLAN
routing, ensure that the switch ports that connect to the
router interfaces are configured on the correct VLANs.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN
Connectivity Issues
When you suspect that there is a problem with a switch
configuration, use the various verification commands to
examine the configuration and identify the problem.
One of the most common inter-VLAN router
configuration errors is to connect the physical router
interface to the wrong switch port, placing it on the
incorrect VLAN and preventing it from reaching the
other VLANs.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN
Connectivity Issues
Describe the common switch configuration Issues
VLAN
mismatch
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN
Connectivity Issues
Describe the common IP Addressing Issues
Wrong
Address
Space
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN
Connectivity Issues
Describe the common IP Addressing Issues
Trunk
problem
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLAN
Connectivity Issues
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Summary
Inter-VLAN routing is the process of routing information
between VLANs
Inter-VLAN routing requires the use of a router or a
layer 3 switch
Traditional inter-VLAN routing
Requires multiple router interfaces that are each connected to
separate VLANs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Summary
Router on a stick
this is an inter-VLAN routing topology that uses router sub
interfaces connected to a layer 2 switch.
Each Subinterface must be configured with:
An IP address
Associated VLAN number
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Configure a Wireless
Router
ITE I Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
Objectives
Describe the components and operations of basic
wireless LAN topologies.
Describe the components and operations of basic
wireless LAN security.
Configure and verify basic wireless LAN access.
Configure and troubleshoot wireless client access.
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
Describe why wireless LANs are a popular choice for
small business LAN implementations
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
Describe the 802.11 wireless standards
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
Describe the components of a 802.11-based wireless
infrastructure
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
Describe how wireless networks operate
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
Describe how to plan a wireless LAN
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Security
Describe the threats to wireless LAN security
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Security
Describe the wireless protocols. The description will
include a description of 802.1x, a comparison of WPA
and WPA2 as well as comparison of TKIP and AES
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
Explain the Components and Operations
of Basic Wireless LAN Security
Describe how to secure a wireless LAN from the key
security threats
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LAN
Access
Configure a wireless access point
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LAN
Access
Configure a wireless NIC
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless
Client Access
Describe how to solve access point firmware issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless
Client Access
Describe how to solve incorrect channel settings
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless
Client Access
Describe how to solve common RF interference issues
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless
Client Access
Describe how to correct antenna misplacement
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless
Client Access
Describe how to solve the common problems
associated with wireless LAN encryption types
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
Configure and Troubleshoot Wireless
Client Access
Describe how to solve authentication problems
associated with wireless LANs
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
Summary
Wireless LANs use standards such as
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11n
ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
Summary
WLAN security practices/methods include
–MAC address filtering
–SSID making
–Implementing WPA2
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ITE 1 Chapter 6 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21