THE ROLE OF VEGETATION IN

REDUCE GLOBAL WARMING

( GREEN HOUSE EFFECT )

By:
1. RIRIS RIAS RESTIKA (093204003)
2. CININTA PINASTIKA (093204023)
3. NUR RIZQI AKHFIANI (093204028)

INTERNATIONAL CLASS 2009

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE
SURABAYA STATE UNIVERSITY
SURABAYA-2010
 CHAPTER I

I.BACKGROUND

At 1990 untill 2000 was the warmest year. The increase in global temperature
that is not fair is known as global warming or that we are familiar with the term global
warming. (source:kampanye Earth Crisis, WWF Indonesia dalam jawa pos hari selasa
april 22, 2009)
Global warming is the phenome of global temperature rise due to increasing
greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increase due to an air
pollutants. Some of the material-gas pollution in the form of greenhouse gasses such as
carbon dioxide, methane, and ozon.
A part of these global warming is the impact of human activities. But the main
impact of this is global climate change will lead to such global temperature rise,
increase sea levels, decreased agricultural crops and fisheries, biodiversity changes and
death in human.
Planting trees in a large scale can not even keep the overall rate of addition of
greenhouse gasses into the atmosphire. Despit this increase in tree planting by each
state will slow the accumulation of gas-greenhouse gasses.

II. PROBLEM

How does the plant affect the temperature of the air?

III. PURPOSE

- To know how does the plant affect the temperature of the air,
- To understand the role of plant in reduce global warming.
 CHAPTER II
THEORIES

While some would call global warming a

theory, others would call it a proven set of facts.
Opinions differ vehemently. Let us consider global
warming to be both a premise that the environment
of the world as we know it is slowly, but very surely
increasing in overall air and water temperature, and
a promise that if whatever is causing this trend is not
interrupted or challenged life on earth will
dynamically be affected.

The prevailing counter opinion is that all that is presently perceived to be global
warming is simply the result of a normal climactic swing in the direction of increased
temperature. Many proponents of this global warming ideology have definitive social
and financial interests in these claims.

Global warming and climate change are aspects of our environment that cannot
be easily or quickly discounted. Many factions still strongly feel that the changes our
Earth is seeing are the result of a natural climatic adjustment. Regardless of one’s
perspective the effects of global warming are a quantifiable set of environmental results
that are in addition to any normal changes in climate. That is why the effects of global
warming have catastrophic potential. Global warming may well be the straw that breaks
the camel’s back. It could turn out to be the difference between a category three
hurricane and a category four. Global warming as caused by greenhouse gas emissions
can lead us to a definite imbalance of nature.

The premise of global warming as an issue of debate is that industrial growth

coupled with non-structured methods we as humans use to sustain ourselves has created
a situation where our planet is getting progressively hotter. We have seemingly
negatively effected our environment by a cycle of harmful processes that now seem to
be feeding upon themselves to exponentially increase the damage to our ecosystem.

Let us start our examination of Global warming with a study of its causes. Global
warming is an overall state of existence that is the cumulative effect of hundreds of
environmental factors. All of these join together in both a linear and random model to
show global warming as a chain of events.

Most modern attention to the problem of global warming began with discussion
of depletion of the Earth’s Ozone layer. Ozone (O3) is a molecular form of Oxygen.
The Ozone layer is a relatively thin strata of these molecules set in the lower portion of
the Earth’s stratosphere.
Depletion of the Earth’s Ozone layer has resulted in a large increase in Ultra Violet
Radiation reaching the surface of the earth. Does this increase in UV rays equate to
global warming? Not really. In fact most scientific opinion is that depletion of the
Ozone layer results in cooling of both the stratosphere and troposphere. So why
mention depletion of the Ozone layer as regards to global warming? Because it
represents a needed balance between harmful radiation being allowed to reach the
earth’s surface and our desire to stem the rapid increase in our air and water
temperature. Remember, we are viewing global
warming as a chain of events.

The primary cause of global warming is

Carbon Dioxide emissions. CO2 is being
pumped into our atmosphere at an insane pace; 8
billion tons of CO2 entered the air last year. Of
course some of this is due to natural activity such
as volcanic eruptions and people breathing. But
the Earth is equipped to easily absorb those into
the normal regenerative process. No, the
beginning of global warming was caused by fossil fuels being burned and emitting
plenty of CO2.

Currently in the world 40% of all CO2 emissions are caused by power plants.
These are burning coal, natural gas and diesel fuel. Some power plants burn garbage.
Some burn methane made from garbage. And discounting those super green electrical
generating plants designed to issue negligible pollutants, all of our power plants let
loose into the atmosphere CO2.

33% of all the CO2 sent forth is the product of cars and trucks. Internal combustion
engines burning fossil fuels…gasoline and diesel spew forth a retching amount of CO2.

3.5% of all CO2 emissions are released from aircraft traveling our friendly skies.
Unfortunately, jets and other aircraft deliver their payload of pollutants directly into the
troposphere.

12% of all CO2 released into the atmosphere is related to buildings. This figure varies
from one source to the next. Some place the percentage of emissions from buildings as
high as 33%. What most of these figures do not address is the actual cause of the CO2
emissions. In newly constructed buildings, production of materials used in building and
energy used during construction are sited as the cause of carbon dioxide emissions. In
existing buildings the CO2 created by the energy upkeep of the building is the root of
the emissions quotient. The general comparison is that buildings consume energy in the
way that cars burn fuel. But the pollutants created in providing power for heating, air-
conditioning, lights and other usage in buildings has already been factored. Honestly
this double billing accounting is more the product of auto manufacturers looking to
point the blame for global warming away from gas guzzling cars.

The point to remember is that 98% of all CO2 emissions are related to energy
production and 80% of these emissions become greenhouse gases.
 Which now mentioned allows us to follow our
chain of event’s leading to global warming into the
next most defined cause… Methane gas. Methane is
released into the atmosphere from a dozen major
sources. These include natural and man made
emissions. Natural release of Methane is primarily
from wetlands, (including agriculture) termites, the
ocean, and hydrates. Non-organic releases are based
from, landfills, livestock, waste treatment, and
biomass burning. (More energy production). Almost
all of this is offset by the Earth’s ability to absorb
around 97% of the methane released into the air. But
that remaining 3% is a serious problem. The molecular structure of Methane makes it
20 times as powerful a Greenhouse gas than CO2. So while there is a great deal less
Methane to contend with than CO2, it is still the second largest link in the global
warming events chain. Not every Greenhouse gas is as obvious a villain as Methane.
The next most potent problem is simple H2O water. How can water be a cause of global
warming? Our atmosphere contains a set parameter of water as vapor. This vapor
absorbs and radiates heat as does every molecule in the air. But when the lower
atmosphere (troposphere) has excess water vapor that gaseous H2O is a potent
greenhouse gas.

Another of the more commonplace greenhouse gases is Nitrous Oxide. NO2 can make
your car go faster, or make you relax at the dentist. It has quite few beneficial uses. But
as a greenhouse gas all it manages to accomplish is to be one more ingredient in out
atmospheric soup. Cars using catalytic converters, fertilizer plants, manufacture of
nylon, and nitric acid as well as being produced naturally in our oceans and rain forests,
produce Nitrous Oxide.

All of the above plus quite a few other greenhouse gases comprise the foundation of
global warming. As above and in all discussion of global warming they are
cumulatively referred to as greenhouse gases. To understand the importance of these as
the start and endpoint of global warming we must digress into a brief explanation of the
greenhouse effect.

Obviously there is no one magic solution to the problem of global warming. There are
instead hundreds of questions that need to be asked and addressed so as to create an
overall Earth plan that will develop our planet wisely. The changes we can make, both
large and small when combined will curtail global warming for the better. In this
section we discuss the latest green designs, products and ideas as yet undeveloped that
will reduce environmental damage overall.

We plan to offer honest value comparisons of products such as hybrid cars. If the
carbon footprint made from producing a hybrid is ten times larger than that it erases it is
news that should be shared. Compact florescent lights are great energy savers but are all
of these exactly what they claim to be? And furthermore will light emitting diodes
render CFLs obsolete before they are universally adapted.
As always the future holds a newer and possibly better design. We will be bringing you
articles examining what will come and those products that are already available but
await widespread acceptance. Developments in mass renewable energy production in
such areas as solar and wind power are of interest to all. We will also be looking back at
past successful use of these energy choices. Zenith sold tiny windmills in the late 1930s
that would charge a car battery that in turn would run a radio for days. Has the
technological upgrade been utilized.

We will find solutions to the problem of global warming by asking countless questions
about the processes we rely upon to live. We answer these questions on a personal level
by changing the habits, which build each of our carbon footprints and on a global level
by insisting that social and governmental structure acknowledge the need for
environmental protection.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.wikipedia.com

www.globalwarming.com

www.thinkquest.com
 CHAPTER 4
DATA AND ANALYZE

From the experiment, we got the data below.

INITIAL
GROUP TIME TEMPERATURE PLASTIC A PLASTIC B
10 MINUTES 38˚C 42˚C
1 20 MINUTES 34˚C 39˚C 40˚C
30 MINUTES 39˚C 41˚C
AVERAGE 38.7˚C 41˚C
10 MINUTES 38˚C 42˚C
2 20 MINUTES 40˚C 37˚C 41˚C
30 MINUTES 37˚C 40˚C
AVERAGE 37.3˚C 41˚C
10 MINUTES 38˚C 41˚C
3 20 MINUTES 20˚C 37˚C 40˚C
30 MINUTES 37˚C 40˚C
AVERAGE 37.3˚C 40.3˚C
10 MINUTES 41˚C 43˚C
4 20 MINUTES 31˚C 39˚C 41˚C
30 MINUTES 37˚C 40˚C
AVERAGE 39˚C 41.3˚C
10 MINUTES 40˚C 42˚C
5 20 MINUTES 10˚C 39C 41˚C
30 MINUTES 39˚C 41˚C
AVERAGE 39.3˚C 41.3˚C

Note:
Plastic A : With plants.
Plastic B : Without plants.
From the table above, we know that the plastic A( with plants) have lower
temperature than plastic B ( without plants). All of group can show it. As we know, that it is
one of green house experiment, the plants in plastic jar A can absorb the Carbon dioxide that
exist in the plastic jar, they convert the carbon dioxide become oxigen and water. Carbon
dioxide is one of green house gass which can increase temperature of air, if the plant can
absorb it, so the quantities of carbon dioxide will decrease, whereas the oxigen and water
which produced by plant can minimalize the temperature, it causes the temperature will be
lower. In minutes 10 go to minutes 20 and 30, the temperature decrease because the product
of oxigen and water are higher, so that the temperature decrease.
 Whereas, in plastic jar B there is no plant which can absorb carbon dioxide and
convert it, so that the quantities of carbon dioxide will increase continually and temperature
will higher continually.
The plastic jar is drawn as atmosphere of our earth, it is an example of greenhouse,
they can permits sunlight go into the plastic jar. The sunlight energy is electromagnetic
radiation which come from the sun that has many different of wavelength. Radiation of short-
wavelength from sun cross the plastic jar, most of the energy absorbed of ground and wall of
plastic jar. The radiation of long-wavelength , called infrared radiation ( heat wave), that
released by the ground and wall of plastic jar. Radiation of short-wavelength which cross the
plastic jar, then changes become long-wavelength or heat wave, most of them absorbed by
water steam and carbon dioxide at the lowest atmosphere. Then the gas ,return most of this
heat wave within the plastic jar, so that the temperature in the plastic jar occurs increase
continually.
From the table, we can see that the temperature in plactic B ( of all group), show that
in minutes 20 and go to minutes 30, the temperature is decrease. It should be increase, but
there is light intensity factor which influence the temperature.
CHAPTER
 CHAPTER 4
DATA AND ANALYZE
I. DATA
From our experiment, we got the data below.
Table.I ( Our group )

Time ( Minute )
Name of Plastic
Initial 10 20 30

Plastic A 34˚C 38˚C 39˚C 39˚C

Plastic B 34˚C 42˚C 40˚C 41˚C

Table.II ( All group data )

INITIAL
GROUP TIME TEMPERATURE PLASTIC A PLASTIC B
10 Minutes 38˚C 42˚C
1 20 Minutes 34˚C 39˚C 40˚C
30 Minutes 39˚C 41˚C
Average 38.7˚C 41˚C
10 Minutes 38˚C 42˚C
2 20 Minutes 40˚C 37˚C 41˚C
30 Minutes 37˚C 40˚C
Average 37.3˚C 41˚C
10 Minutes 38˚C 41˚C
3 20 Minutes 20˚C 37˚C 40˚C
30 Minutes 37˚C 40˚C
Average 37.3˚C 40.3˚C
10 Minutes 41˚C 43˚C
4 20 Minutes 31˚C 39˚C 41˚C
30 Minutes 37˚C 40˚C
Average 39˚C 41.3˚C
10 Minutes 40˚C 42˚C
5 20 Minutes 10˚C 39C 41˚C
30 Minutes 39˚C 41˚C
Average 39.3˚C 41.3˚C
Note:
Plastic A : With plants.
Plastic B : Without plants.

II. ANALYZE
In our greenhouse experiments, sample that we used is from plastic tube. We used
two different samples. In sample A we put the plants in a test tube. While the sample B does
not. We got the initial temperature of 34 ° C in each sample. After the first 10 minutes, the
temperature in the sample A is 38 ° C, while temperatures in the sample B is 42 ° C. After 10
minutes second, the temperature in the sample A is 39 ° C while the temperature in the
sample B is 40 ° C. After the third minutes, the temperature in the sample A is 39 ° C then
the temperature in sample B is 41 ° C.

III. DISCUSSION

From the table above, we know that the plastic B ( without plants ) have higher
temperature than plastic A ( with plants). Why this is can be happen? Firstly we must look at
our manipulate variable,in here is there are vegetation or not. The plastic A that have
vegetation inside have more lower tempertur because some factor

− The incoming sunlight into an existing plastic plants, some will be used by plants and
partly reflected back toward the plastic.

− The plants in plastic jar A can absorb the Carbon dioxide that exist in the plastic jar

− Oxigen and water steam that have produce from photosynthesis raction can reduce the
heat that occurs

But, in plastic B there is no plant which can absorb incoming sunlight, carbon
dioxide, or produce water steam, so the temperature will be up.

Experiment this time is look likes greenhouse effect that occuer in our planet. Not all
of heat radiation at the earth from the sun ( electromagnetic radiation ) is absorbed by the
earth . Some radiation is reflected by the objects on the earth's surface into space. Heat
radiation reflected back into space is infrared radiation. This can make two possibility. First,
that radiation go out from the earth and the second this radiation will be reflected back by
greenhouse gasses ( like CO 2 gass ). This condition causes the earth's surface temperature
increases. With the plants growing in the earth carbon dioxide gas can be reduced because
plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis process. In our experiment there are some
problem like the uncertain of sun sine. This is make plastic in all group in minutes 20 and
go to minutes 30, the temperature is decrease.

BAB II
 KAJIAN TEORI

A. Tumbuhan Hijau

Tumbuhan melakukan proses fotosintetis dimana merupakan suatu proses

pembentukan bahan organik dari bahan anorganik dengan bantuan cahaya
matahari. Persamaan reaksi fotosintesis :

6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

Fotosintetis merupakan proses yang dilakukan oleh tumbuhan hijau dalam

menggunakan energi cahaya matahari untuk mengubah karbon dioksida dan
air menjadi gula sederhana.

B. Efek rumah kaca

Greenhouse effect, which was first proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824

is a process of heating the surface of a heavenly body (especially the
planet or satellites) is caused by the composition and state of the
atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect can be used to refer to two different things: the natural
greenhouse effect which occurs naturally in the earth, and the enhanced greenhouse
effect that occurred due to human activities (see also global warming). Yang belakang
diterima oleh semua; yang pertama diterima kebanyakan oleh ilmuwan, meskipun ada
beberapa perbedaan pendapat. The rear accepted by all; the first accepted by most
scientists, although there are some differences of opinion.