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Shadows

All of the Law was good, but we don’t have to follow all of it anymore. It was a good shadow of
what Christ would do later. Just like the land of Israel was a picture of the greater Kingdom of
God, the Law is a picture of Jesus’ work of living, dying, and rising. So we still obey the Law in
order to love God and our neighbor, but we don’t have to worry about whether eating certain
kinds of meat makes us ‘clean’ or ‘dirty’, and we don’t have to sacrifice animals to make up for
our sin. These rules were pictures of what Christ would do later, and they aren’t needed
anymore. Christ made us holy by sacrificing Himself on the cross for us.

The Point of the Law

Galatians 3:24

These instructions are how God wants His people to live. We should do our best to obey God’s
commandments, knowing that we can’t earn God’s salvation. But through our failure, the law
always teaches us that we need Jesus. Jesus has already been good for us, and our job is to trust
in Him. We obey God to love Him back, since He already loved us.

WRAP-UP VERSE of SONG and INSTRUCTION from a book of SONG

Psalm 110:97

Oh, how I love your law! I meditate on it all day long.

Roots 11 – Law Picture



 


    








 
 

 


 


 
 
 
 






 








 







 
 


 

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A New Temple, A Forever King

2 Samuel 7:5-16

One thing missing from the home of God’s people is a permanent place of worship. Ever since
God led Moses and the Israelites out of Egypt, He has been keeping His presence in a traveling
tent. Here, God says that David’s son Solomon will build a temple for the people to worship God
at. He also says that David’s kingdom will never end, meaning that David’s family (which was in
the line of Abraham’s family) will rule over God’s people forever.

Kings & Chronicles

David is a great man who loves God, but he is still sinful and his sin causes problems for the
future of Israel (see his confession in Psalm 51). Solomon does build the temple, and is very
wise, but he turns away from God and the kingdom is split apart—not the great happy ending
that seemed so close. After Solomon, the kings are generally bad, and despite some glimpses of
hope, Israel remains full of people who don’t love and trust God very much. The “Forever King”
is not Solomon or any other man, though. Jesus is the King who God said would come from
David’s family, and Jesus is still promised to come and rule over His people with love, as he has
been since He was called the “seed of woman” in Genesis 3:15.

WRAP-UP VERSE of PROMISE from a book of STORY

Numbers 23:21

No misfortune is seen in Jacob, no misery observed in Israel.

The LORD their God is with them; the shout of the King is among them

Roots 12 - David







 
 











 

 












 


 

  
 





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describes is not the building, but His own body. Jesus does predict that the building-temple will
be destroyed, too, but does not promise that it will come back up in Luke 21:5-6.

The Temple Raised

Matthew 28:1-10

God makes good on His promise. Jesus’ body is broken, but He proves that He is God by rising
back up from the grave. His followers don’t respond with a sigh of relief, they respond with
worship. They meet God and worship Him in the new temple—the resurrected Jesus Christ!

Ephesians 2:19-22

This sums up how the new, glorious temple works. Jesus Himself is the chief cornerstone—the
foundation of God’s meeting place for His people. We are the temple, too, because we are in
Christ. God’s glory is full in Jesus, and His glory doesn’t dwell in a building—His Spirit dwells
inside us! The way to belong to God’s house, to have His Spirit within you, and to know your
worship is true, is to trust in Christ (Ephesians 1:13-14).

WRAP-UP VERSE of PROMISE from a book of STORY

Matthew 12:6

I tell you that one greater than the temple is here.

Roots 26 – The Resurrection of Christ

Roots 27 – Throne Fulfilled
God: Enthrones Jesus, People: Serve Jesus 

The Coming King

Isaiah 52:13-15

God promised David that He would send a good King to rule forever (2 Samuel 7:12-
13). The prophecy of Isaiah in the Old Testament may have been the clearest picture of the
Savior that would come, Jesus. It covers His birth, life, death, and exaltation, before He ever
came to the earth. Isaiah says that King Jesus would have authority over the universe and would
rule with perfect love and justice, unlike any sinful leaders that we have seen in history. This
passage promises that the true servant of God (Jesus) will be raised high above the earth’s kings
and sprinkle many nations. He will rule, and it will be a good thing for the world. The Old
Testament promised that Jesus would rule over both His friends and enemies (Psalm 2, Psalm
110, Isaiah 11:1-5, Daniel 7:13-14).

Isaiah gives a surprise, though. He tells us that the greatest king ever won’t look like a
royal king—He will be bloodied so badly that He hardly looks like a man. This is what Isaiah says
astonishes everyone—that the King would die on a cross.

Jesus is Lord

Matthew 22:41-46

So the people of God are expecting a king to show up and take over. There were a lot of different
opinions at this time as to what exactly this king and savior would be like, but many couldn’t
believe that this poor man from a nothing-town could fit the bill. Here, Jesus shows that He
understands exactly what the King is like, because it’s talking about Him! He explains a
prophecy about Himself, proving that the promised “Son of David” (Forever King) was more
than just a man, because David called Him “Lord”. The fact that Jesus is marked as King
constantly upsets a lot of people (Matthew 2:1-3, Luke 4:16-30, Matthew 27:11-14, Mark
15:6-15, Mark 15:16-20, John 19:2, John 19:19-22).

The Lord’s Judgment

Luke 7:20

How can John the Baptist doubt Jesus? John was sent as the last prophet leading up to Jesus.
His job was to point out the Savior to the world, and He did (John 1:29-31). God also assured
John that Jesus was truly the Son of God when John baptized Jesus (Matthew 3:16-17). John
was even excited about Jesus when they were in their mothers’ wombs (Luke 1:41-44)!

John trusted Jesus, but needed to be reassured that He was really the King. John loved
Jesus, but he expected Jesus to bring great judgment and wrath, like the prophets said He
would. But Jesus had shown a lot more mercy than judgment. John found himself stuck in

65
 
 66

prison for his faithfulness to God, and he couldn’t understand why the bad guys were still
standing when the good King had arrived. Jesus’ disciples also expected Jesus to bring the hard
judgment promised in the Old Testament (Luke 3:2-19, Luke 9:51-56).

The Lord’s Mercy

Luke 7:21-23

Jesus answered John by listing the merciful things He was doing that were promised by Isaiah
(Isaiah 61:1-2). God had promised judgment and mercy to flow from the King.

John 12:31-33

Jesus didn’t answer John by saying, “Never mind that judgment business, God isn’t mad
anymore.” Jesus says that He does bring judgment, but that it comes in His cross. Jesus Himself
suffered the judgment that the world deserved. Jesus came to show the world God’s terrifying
judgment, but even this revealed God’s great mercy. We serve an awesome, loving, humble King!
Jesus, as promised, went to His death as the humble King (Isaiah 53:1-12, Matthew 21:1-9).

WRAP-UP VERSE of SONG from a book of PROMISE

Revelation 5:12

Worthy is the Lamb who was slain,

to receive power and wealth and wisdom and might and honor and glory and blessing!”

Roots 27 – Throne Fulfilled



 



 







             
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Roots Review
God and Man, Growing Promise, Jesus Fulfills, Jesus Reigns

UNIT I: God and Man

1. Introduction

God and Man

God speaks this place into existence, ordering the world and time and all of life: Genesis
1:1-3. People are valuable because they are made in the image of God, and Jesus was creating
with His Father: John 1:1-2. Jesus claims all of the world with His own blood and rises from
the grave, bringing the creation back to life with Him: Colossians 1:15-20.

2. The Gospel of Jesus Christ

God: Saves, People: Saved

God speaks this place into existence, ordering the world and time and all of life: Genesis
1:1-3. People are valuable because they are made in the image of God, and Jesus was creating
with His Father: John 1:1-2. Jesus claims all of the world with His own blood and rises from
the grave, bringing the creation back to life with Him: Colossians 1:15-20.

3. Creation

God: Makes, People: Made

God speaks this place into existence, ordering the world and time and all of life: Genesis
1:1-3. People are valuable because they are made in the image of God, and Jesus was creating
with His Father: John 1:1-2. Jesus claims all of the world with His own blood and rises from
the grave, bringing the creation back to life with Him: Colossians 1:15-20.

4. Adam

God: Commands, People: Sin

Adam and Eve ate from the tree, disobeying God and bringing sin into the earth. God
condemned their sin and the sin cursed the world. But God promised ‘the Seed’ to come who
would destroy Satan, who has always meant to deceive and destroy humankind: Genesis 3:15.
We know that the only way to make up for sin was through blood, and so this promised Seed was
Jesus, who would sacrifice his own blood to save people: Acts 20:28.

Mankind was made in God’s image and was supposed to rule the earth well, starting with
Adam. Jesus came as a man to redeem mankind. He was the second Adam (Romans 5:18-19).
He was made like us to win our battle (killing death) and restore us into a race that displays
God’s image in righteousness, not sin: Hebrews 2:14-18.

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5. Sin

God: Grieves, People: Cursed

God is heartbroken over how wicked and rebellious His creation is to Him. Sin is passed
on from Adam and Eve to all people, and its effects are horrible: Genesis 4:6-8. Everyone that
ever lived after Adam was inherited the curse and was under the penalty of this sin: Romans
5:12. Still, those who trusted in the Seed who was promised in the Garden were saved, including
Enoch, who walked with God for 300 years: Genesis 5:24-25. Enoch trusted in the Lord for
salvation, and Christ saved him like he saves us: Hebrews 11:5-6.

6. Noah

God: Judges, People: Spared

God showed the punishment that sin deserved: total death. The flood wiped out all men
except for Noah, whom God chose to save. God showed mercy on all of His people by letting
them continue to live, while still displaying how much He hates sin: Hebrews 11:7.

7. Government

God: Restrains, People: Restrained

The flood did not wash sin away. God, being gracious, gave us the gift of government to
limit the effects of sin. Since the sinful human race is full of hate and murder and would self-
destruct on its own, God puts some order to society to keep bloodshed from continuing
unchecked: 1 Peter 2:13-14. We will learn more about the government of Christ in the last unit.

UNIT II: Growing Promise

8. Abraham

God: Promises, People: Trust

The story of the world has played out like a tragedy for a long time. Every story comes
down to people sinning in a cursed world, and God is committed to either destroying them or
sparing them in His mercy. With Abraham, God starts spinning the world in the other direction.
He promises to give Abraham the beginning of a new family, to live in a new place. Despite the
sin of the earth, God reveals His plans to save the world, starting with the son of a crusty old
man: Genesis 12:1-3. Abraham is considered good in God’s sight for his faith: Genesis 15: 6.
Faith makes someone a child of Abraham, part of the family of God: Galatians 3:29. Jesus was
the Savior who would save the whole world, coming from Abraham’s family. In the new creation,
people from every tribe and nation will be represented: Revelation 5:9-10.

Roots Review
9. Land Picture

God Draws Heaven on Earth

God promises Abraham’s family a place to live and worship their God. This land was
Israel, a desert land that would only be made a paradise by the grace of God. The land was a
picture of a greater, eternal land—the kingdom of heaven that all believers are promised to live
in, including Abraham and us: Matthew 8:11.

10. Moses

God: Saves and Commands, People: Saved and Disobey

Once Abraham’s family has grown very large, they were enslaved by the Egyptians. God
rescues His people with great and scary signs and wonders: Exodus 15:1-21. He saves them
and then makes covenant with them. The covenant is that God will take care of His people and
they are supposed to live like He tells them: Exodus 19:1-8.

11. Law Picture

God: Teaches, People: Learn

After God saves His people from Egypt, He gives them a law to follow. The Ten
Commandments summarize all of God’s law, and His law shows us what a human in the image
of God is supposed to look like. The people were not saved by following the law, they were saved
by faith. The law shows us how far away we are from truly serving God, and it teaches us how
much we need Jesus: Galatians 3:24. Jesus fulfills both the “dos” and the “don’ts” of the law,
obeying God from the heart perfectly in His life, and receiving the curse for sin in His death.

12. David

God: Rules, People:Ruled

David is a man after God’s own heart who leads God’s people as a good King. God
promises David that the Forever King will be David’s son: 2 Samuel 7:16. Jesus is the King
who God said would come from David’s family, and Jesus is still promised to come and rule over
His people with love. Jesus came as King and Lord, bringing God’s judgment and mercy. Mercy
is displayed in His life, and judgment comes in His cross. Jesus Himself suffered the judgment
that the world deserved. Jesus came to show the world God’s terrifying judgment, but even this
revealed God’s great mercy. We serve an awesome, loving, humble King!

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13. Temple Picture

God Dwells with His People

The temple was the mark of God’s presence with His people. We have a God who lives
with us, whether it’s in a cloud, a tent, or a building. These temporary places could not really
hold God in (1 Kings 8:27), and they were pictures of the full presence of God coming to live
with us forever, in Jesus Christ: John 1:14. Jesus’ body is the resurrected temple, and those
who believe in Him are living stones built into the temple. The Church body is God’s temple, not
the Church’s building.

14. The Prophets: Elijah

God: Speaks, People: Listen

Elijah shows how heroic a prophet is when they obey God and boldly preach His truth.
The message of a good prophet includes sin (breaking God’s law from the heart), warning to His
enemies (judgment for sin), and promise to His people (Jesus).

15. The Prophets: John the Baptist

God: Speaks, People: Listen

John the Baptist is the most honored prophet, because he points the way to Jesus clearer
than any prophet before him: John 3:30.

UNIT III: Jesus Fulfills

16. Jesus the Hero

God: Saves in Jesus, People: Saved in Jesus

Jesus comes as the God-man to fulfill all the problems and promises of the Old
Testament. The gospel of His life, death, and resurrection brings salvation to God’s people: 1
Corinthians 15:3-5. Jesus is the hero of the entire Bible. God has always offered salvation
through faith in Jesus—there was no other way to the Father, even before Jesus came as a man
in history (John 14:6, Hebrews 11:39-40). Jesus came to fulfill the Old Testament—where
curse is, He is the reversal, and where blessing is, He is the blessing. Every jot and tittle of the
Old Testament is about Jesus, by Jesus, and for Jesus: John 5:39.

Roots Review
17. Jesus Recreates

God: Remakes, People: Remade in Jesus

In the beginning, God made the world for and through Jesus: John 1:1-3. The world fell
into sin and rebellion, but God still loved the world enough to save it (John 3:16-17). God
restores all of creation by entering into it in Jesus—the Word made Flesh, the God-man, the
Incarnate Son. Jesus claims all of the world with His own blood and rises from the grave,
bringing the creation back to life with Him: Colossians 1:15-20.

18. Family Fulfilled

God: Adopts, People: Adopted in Jesus

Unlike the imperfect families we belong to, God’s family is perfect. Although we broke
our relationship with God the Father, Jesus is a perfect Son (John 17:5) who came to show us
what God’s perfect family was like, and to bring us into that family.

The Father, the Son, and the Spirit are all fully God, and this is what we call the Trinity:
not 3 (multiple gods), not simply 1 (a boring god), but the glorious three-in-one God. Since God
is Triune, He brings us into His family with different elements all working together; the Father
sends His Son, the Son obeys to death, and the Spirit makes us trust in Jesus for salvation.

19. Jesus the New Race

God: Restores Humanity, People: Restored in Jesus

Mankind was made in God’s image and was supposed to rule the earth well. Our sin
cursed this whole arrangement and there is much frustration in trying to become a human the
way God made humans to be. But Jesus came as a man to redeem mankind: Hebrews 2:6-8.
He was made like us to win our battle (killing death) and restore us into a race that displays
God’s image in righteousness, not sin (Hebrews 2:14-18). The Church is a bunch of people
being built into new humanity, into the new, righteous Adam: Romans 5:14, 18-19.

20. Jesus Comes

God: Incarnates, People: Redeemed by Jesus

God works in history—in real life. He doesn’t just give us promises to cheer us up, He
becomes the promises to us. God does salvation, and He moved us toward the climax of this
story in the birth of Jesus. In order for Jesus to save us, He had to humble Himself. He had to
become like man and give up the glory due Him as God, all the way to death (Philippians 2:6-
8). God shows us His humility (1 John 1:1-4). What does Jesus’ humility look like? A baby in a

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poor family, born without basic living standards, and sleeping with animals, even though He
was God.

21. Law Fulfilled

God: Commands, People: Obey in Jesus

The Law is eternal and true, just as the Lawgiver is (Psalm 119:151, Psalm 119:160,
Psalm 19:7). God’s Law also tests His people’s faith and obedience to Him, and it is a test
everyone since Adam has failed. God demands holiness and righteousness: Leviticus 11:44,
but we don’t have it. We cannot fulfill God’s Law. Jesus came to fulfill all of the requirements
that His people couldn’t fulfill on their own. To be saved we need faith in Him, not our best
efforts to be good: Romans 9:31-33. We rejoice in the righteousness of God Himself, and
thank Him that He gave us this righteousness in the gift of His Son, Jesus Christ: Psalm 89:14-
18.

22. The Life of Christ

God: Commands, Jesus: Obeys

Jesus was the ultimate authority on God’s Law: Matthew 17:1-8. He showed us that not
killing was not enough, but that we must not hate. He also turned the laws to our hearts with
adultery, prayer, fasting, and money. Jesus’ whole life fulfilled the Law of loving God and loving
others. All the healing, all the teaching and preaching, all the forgiving, all the feeding, all the
prayer, all the eating—it was all done from Jesus’ heart perfectly. This is the righteousness we
get credit for if we believe in the Son of God. Jesus’ righteousness is what we need, not our own.

23. Sacrifice Fulfilled

God: Punishes, Jesus: Pays

Jesus said that He came to fulfill the Law, including the righteousness works that God
commanded and the penalties for sin that God commanded: Matthew 5:17. He came to fulfill
the “dos” of the Law and to pay for the “don’ts”. To save the world, God had to give up His Son.
A sacrifice was made. Jesus didn’t just come to earn us a bunch of brownie points with God; He
came to settle our debt with God. We were enemies, and only His blood can make us even:
2 Corinthians 5:18-19, Colossians 1:21-22, Romans 5:10-11.

Roots Review
24. The Death of Christ

God: Punishes, Jesus: Pays

It was no ordinary death that Jesus faced, but a time of intense pain, shame, and
abandonment. The perfect, eternal fellowship between the Father, Son, and Spirit was broken as
the Father poured His wrath on His Beloved Son for our sin. On the surface, it looks like
everything went completely wrong in the Cross. The Seed, promised to destroy Satan, rule
forever, judge all nations, and save the world, was hanging lifeless on a wooden execution
device. The only thing more unbelievable is that this all happened according to God’s plan (Acts
2:23)!

Jesus dreaded suffering on the cross (Luke 22:39-44), but relished the results it would
bring (Hebrews 12:2). Without it, Satan would laugh over us, sin would remain our master,
and death would keep hold of us. We can’t understand why God would love us like this, but we
can find plenty reason to love this God back: 1 John 4:19. Our full hope and God’s full glory are
complete in the death of Christ: John 12:27-32.

25. Temple Fulfilled

God: Builds, People: Rebuilt Upon Jesus

In the Old Testament, God chose to dwell with His people in humility, meeting with
them in the tabernacle (worship tent) for a period and then in His Temple. After many
generations of disobedience and faithlessness, God sent His people into captivity and withdrew
His glory from the Temple (Ezekiel 11:22-23), but He promised that things would be fixed
(Jeremiah 33:4-16). After the crucifixion and resurrection, Jesus returned to a throne in
heaven and poured His Spirit out on His Church, making the people of God His temple: 1 Peter
2:4-10. When we come together to worship God, we don’t meet in a building on earth—we are
brought into the presence of God by the blood of Jesus and the power of the Spirit: Hebrews
12:18-24.

26. The Resurrection of Christ

God: Raises, People: Raised with Jesus

God used to meet His people in the tabernacle and in the temple, but now He meets
them in the person of Jesus Christ. And the glory in Christ outshines the glory of tents and
buildings—this is God Himself! Jesus Christ’s body is broken, but He proves that He is God by
rising back up from the grave. His followers don’t respond with a sigh of relief, they respond
with worship. They meet God and worship Him in the resurrected Jesus Christ (Matthew
28:1-10)!

This sums up how the new, glorious temple works: Ephesians 2:19-22. Jesus Himself
is the chief cornerstone—the foundation of God’s meeting place for His people. We are the
temple, too, because we are in Christ. God’s glory is full in Jesus, and His glory doesn’t dwell in a

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temple—His Spirit dwells inside us! The way to belong to God’s house, to have His Spirit within
you, and to know your worship is true, is to trust in Christ: Ephesians 1:13-14, 2:19-22.

27. Throne Fulfilled

God: Enthrones Jesus, People: Serve Jesus

God promised to David that He would send a good King to rule forever: 2 Samuel 7:12-
13. The true servant of God (Jesus) will be raised high above the earth’s kings and sprinkle many
nations, and it will be a good thing for the world: Isaiah 52:13-15. At times, Jesus’ disciples
(including John the Baptist) couldn’t understand why the bad guys were still standing when the
good King had arrived. Jesus said that He was bringing judgment, but that it comes in His cross.
Jesus Himself suffered the judgment that the world deserved. Jesus came to show the world
God’s terrifying judgment, but even this revealed God’s great mercy. We serve an awesome,
loving, humble King!

28. The Ascension of Christ

God: Enthroned, People: Bow to Jesus

Jesus came down in the Incarnation, and He obeyed His Father all the way to the cross.
After He rose from the grave, He went back up to heaven: Acts 1:3-11. He did not go to heaven
to hang out, or to wait to be named King at the end of the world—He went to sit at His Father’s
right hand (the highest place of honor and authority). King Jesus sits in power, in authority over
the world, in heaven. He is not working to win His spot on the throne, He was enthroned over all
creation at the Ascension: Hebrews 1:3. Lost sinners are called to bow to their King in faith, so
that they won’t have to bow to Him in judgment. He also is ruling over the bad guys, with God’s
plans for the world unfolding until He puts His enemies under His feet for good: 1 Corinthians
15:22-26.

UNIT IV: Jesus Reigns

29. These Last Days

Introduction

Jesus brings us from the old age (life as humans have known it for thousands of years)
into the new age, the completion of all things: Hebrews 1:1-3. The study of the last events in
history and eternity afterwards is called eschatology. We understand what has and will happen
with the already/not yet model. Jesus has already won at the cross, and has already brought
eternal life to earth, but He has not yet brought all of the victory spoils to earth. His resurrection
was the “firstfruits” of our promised resurrection, and the Holy Spirit is our “down payment” (2
Corinthians 1:22, Ephesians 1:14) that guarantees God will finish bringing all of the

Roots Review
promised benefits of salvation to us and to the world. Jesus is reigning, and will continue to
reign until He is finished with all His enemies: 1 Corinthians 15:22-26.

30. The Great Commission

God: Sends, People: Sent

Jesus sends His people into the world to announce His victory and win converts to His
kingdom. The message: Christ’s life, death, resurrection (Luke 24:45-47). The messengers:
The Church (Luke 24:48). The extent: The whole world (Matthew 28:19, Acts 1:8). The
power supply: God’s Word (Rom. 10:17, 2 Timothy 3:15-16) and God’s Spirit (John 6:44).

31. Persecutions

God: Sends, People: Suffer

Although many will hear and believe the good news of Christ, many others will respond
in unbelief. Some will oppose our message with force, trying to shut us up through social,
financial, or physical pressures. Jesus was hated, so His messengers will be hated: John 15:18-
21. It is a great honor to suffer like our Lord (Acts 5:40-41), and He has promised to give us
much more than the earthly stuff we may lose for serving Him: 2 Corinthians 4:16-18.

32. Wolves and Antichrists

God: Shepherds, People: Shepherded

Satan will attack Jesus’ church by trying (unsuccessfully) to deceive true believers with
the spirit of the Antichrist working through false teachers and false prophets: 1 John 4:1-6.
Wolves will make their way into the Church, trying to bring down God’s people from the inside:
Matthew 7:15. But Jesus is our shepherd who will not lose us to wolves (John 10:27-29), and
He gives us under-shepherds in the Church to guard us from the false teachings they may try to
pull on us: 1 Peter 5:1-9.

33. The Very End

God: Returns, People: Prepare

Even though we’ve been in the last days for 2000 years, the last days are numbered.
History will not go on like this forever, because God has an appointed a time to end the world as

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we know it. We can see what God has planned for the very end in Revelation 20:11-22:6.
While the Bible tells us that Christ’s return is soon, we can’t forget that God is not bound by time
like we are. On His watch, it has been 2 days since Christ ascended. The reason He hasn’t
returned is because He’s patient. He is making sure that every soul that belongs to Him will be
saved: 2 Peter 3:3-9.

34. The Beast

God: Wins, People: Overcome

There will be a serious rebellion against God on earth that will be led by “the beast”, who
could be a single person or a group of people (like a specific government): 2 Thessalonians
2:1-12. The beast will be worshiped, do counterfeit wonders, reject the true God and be an
enemy to God’s true followers. Many will follow this dirt bag, but not be sincere Christians. And
the beast is doomed to be wiped out by Jesus, who is much more powerful: Revelation 13:1-
14:1.

35. The Second Coming

God: Returns, People: Receive

When Jesus comes back to the world in blazing fire, it will be the most terrible event the
world has known. When Jesus returns, it means punishment for sinners who don’t believe the
gospel and accept forgiveness. For those who do believe the gospel, it will be the greatest even
the world has known! The punishment we would receive along with the rest of the world has
already passed over us and landed on Jesus at the cross. Life on earth can be filled with suffering
and persecution for God’s people, but the return of their Savior and Lord will be a relief from all
of those struggles. 2 Thessalonians 1:5-10.

36. Suffering and the Rapture

God: Tarries, People: Endure

A teaching in that has fascinated many Christians in the Church since the late 1800s has been
the idea of rapture. Rapture means to be “caught up” or “carried off”, based on 1
Thessalonians 4:17. Many good, faithful Christians expect a rapture, but this teaching can
also be a temptation for our cowardly hearts. Many Christians are not interested in preparing for
the Lord’s return, working to bring Him glory on earth now, because they think their heaven
tickets are about to be punched, that they’re about to be taken away from this stinkpot planet.

The Scriptures have to be diced up some in order to really mean what this rapture is
supposed to be like. Christ’s loud, triumphant return is grouped with warnings to believers of
being ready: Luke 17:24-35, Matthew 24. Our being “caught up” with Christ in the air is

Roots Review
pictured as part of His descending parade from heaven to earth, not vice versa. There is nothing
secret about Christ’s return, and we’re told to wait and hope for that—not a private rescue
mission that takes us to heaven: 1 Thessalonians 4:13-18.

37. The Millennium

God: Tarries, People: Endure

Satan will be locked up and God will sit His people on thrones. All the Christians that
have suffered in the name of Christ, refusing to bow down to anything other than God, are put in
charge of the world. This fits God’s pattern of death and resurrection, weakness and power. The
good guys are allowed to rule over God’s creation. We call this the Millennium. Christians
disagree over when this will happen. Some people joke that the Millennium is the thousand
years of peace that Christians fight about. God could have given us a timeline and chart to layout
all these details, but His point was always faith and hope in His Son, not faith and hope in times,
dates, and hours. So we try our best to learn what the Bible teaches about the when, but we try
harder to hope in the what: the promise of true justice (Psalm 110).

38. Judgment Day

God: Judges, People: Judged

God has set a time for Jesus to judge the world (Acts 17:31). This includes every person
who has ever lived: Revelation 20:11-15. This is bad news for sinners, and great news for
those who have received no justice on earth. The Church doesn’t get a free pass at the judgment.
In fact, judgment starts with us, and is more severe for us, since we claim to follow Christ. We
have a bunch of sin, but we have also been forgiven by the blood of Christ, and God’s verdict will
be “innocent” because of that: Hebrews 9:27-28.

39. Eternity

God: Sustains, People: Sustained

We are a promised that we will exist for eternity: Ephesians 1:3-14. Eternal life is
something we don’t deserve or have the power to keep. God isn’t just good enough to give us
eternal life after we’re dead; He’s gracious enough to give it to us now. Believers are called the
elect (Matthew 24:22, Mark 13:27, Romans 11:7, 2 Timothy 2:10, Titus 1:1, 1 Peter
1:1), meaning those chosen by God to receive eternal salvation. We don’t only thank God for our
future with Him, we praise Him for planning to give us His grace before the world was made!
God knew you, including all of your sin, before you opened your baby eyes, and He chose to die
on a cross for you before time began (Titus 1:2, 2 Timothy, 1:8-10, Revelation 13:8). God’s

111
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plans stretch backwards and forwards , and they were, are, and will always be centered on
Christ—Christ reveals to us the eternal purpose of God: Ephesians 3:11.

40. Hell

God: Punishes, People: Punished

There is a Heaven and a Hell: Matthew 13:40-43. Hell is a place prepared by God to
punish evil: 2 Peter 2:4, Revelation 20:7. When people of Jesus’ time heard the word “Hell”,
they knew it meant endless torment. In Hell there is weeping, gnashing of teeth, never-ending
fire, and the wrath of God: Matthew 8:12, Matthew 13:50, Mark 9:43-49, Luke 16:23-
28, Revelation 14:10-11, Revelation 21:8.

Hell is not Satan’s playground. The devil didn’t create Hell, and he will not rule over it.
Hell is a place prepared by God to punish evil. Hell is a prison for Satan and his demons, not
their paradise (2 Peter 2:4, Revelation 20:7). God will lock up evil, not allow it to do its own
thing in its own location.

41. Heaven

God: Welcomes, People: Welcomed

Those set free from sin and Hell through Christ are looking forward to something better
than the best this world can offer, and the center of this paradise is Jesus (Hebrews 11:16,
Philippians 3:20). Heaven is where all of God’s people who have died are worshiping and
waiting for God to finish His plans to save the world.

42. New Creation

God: Restores, People: Restored

When God is through with all of history, has judged the world in righteousness, and sent
evil to Hell for eternity, He will make all things “new”: Revelation 21:10-22:5. The old
heavens and the old earth will pass away, and God will bring His kingdom to the earth. There is
unimaginable peace in the new earth: Isaiah 11:6-10.The focus of the new creation is God,
replacing the sun and temple as the center of the universe and worship. People from all over the
world will be there, and there is no trace of sin any longer.

Roots Review




Resources

BOOKS

LOW DIFFICULTY

Bible Overview by Steve Levy and Paul Blackham

The Big Picture Story Bible by David R. Helm and Gail Schoonmaker

The Jesus Storybook Bible: Every Story Whispers His Name by Sally Lloyd-Jones

The Unfolding Mystery: Discovering Christ in the Old Testament by Edmund P. Clowney

MEDIUM DIFFICULTY

According to Plan: The Unfolding Revelation of God in the Bible by Graeme Goldsworthy

The Covenant Structure of the Bible by Ralph Allan Smith; free online at:

http://www.berith.org/pdf/The-Covenantal-Structure-of-the-Bible.pdf

The Message of the Old Testament: Promises Made by Mark Dever and Graeme Goldsworthy

The Message of the New Testament: Promises Kept by Mark Dever and John MacArthur

The Goldsworthy Trilogy: (Gospel and Kingdom, Gospel and Wisdom, The Gospel in Revelation)
by Graeme Goldsworthy

The Mission of God: Unlocking the Bible's Grand Narrative by Christopher J. H. Wright

HIGH DIFFICULTY

Biblical Theology by Geerhardus Vos

Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament by G. K. Beale (ed.) and D. A.
Carson (ed.)
The History of Redemption by Jonathan Edwards; free online at:

http://www.evanglibrary.org.uk/members/theo/je/red/Hist%20Outline.htm

The Shadow of Christ in the Law of Moses by Vern Poythress; free online at:

http://www.frame-poythress.org/Poythress_books/Shadow/bl0.html

ESSAYS / ARTICLES

Goldsworthy: The Main Chapters in the Biblical Storyline by Justin Taylor; included in Roots
pack;

http://thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/justintaylor/2009/12/31/goldsworthy-chapters/

History of Salvation in the Old Testament: Preparing the Way for Christ by ESV Study Bible;

http://www.esvstudybible.org/sb/objects/article-history-salvation-ot.html

How a Christian Can Read Any Old Testament Passage by Robert A. Lotzer (ed.); included in
Roots pack;

http://www.covopc.org/Papers/Howtoread_OT.html

Living Into God’s Story by Eugene Peterson; included in Roots pack;

http://www.biblicaltheology.ca/blue_files/Living%20into%20God's%20Story.pdf

Our World Belongs to God by CRC Publications;

http://www.biblicaltheology.ca/blue_files/Our%20World%20Belongs%20to%20God.pdf

(Re)New(ed) Creation: The End of the Story by Michael W. Goheen;

http://www.biblicaltheology.ca/blue_files/(Re)New(ed)%20Creation-
The%20End%20of%20the%20Story.pdf

Resources
The Fullness of the Time by Herman Ridderbos;

http://www.geftakysassembly.com/Articles/BiblicalExposition/FullnessOfTheTime.htm

The Mystery of Christ by Herman Ridderbos;

http://www.geftakysassembly.com/Articles/BiblicalExposition/MysteryOfChrist.htm

The Firstborn from the Dead by Herman Ridderbos;

http://www.geftakysassembly.com/Articles/BiblicalExposition/FirstbornFromTheDead.htm

Revealed in the Flesh by Herman Ridderbos;

http://www.geftakysassembly.com/Articles/BiblicalExposition/RevealedInTheFlesh.htm

AUDIO

Creation to new creation: an introduction to biblical theology by David Peterson;

http://www.oakhill.ac.uk/commentary/audio/peterson/index.html

The Temple and the Church's Mission by G. K. Beale;

http://links.christreformed.org/realaudio/20070330a.mp3

HELPFUL WEB SITES

www.crosswalk.com

www.monergism.com

www.theopedia.com

Resources
 OLD TESTAMENT PASSAGES QUOTED IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

Old Testament Passage New Testament Passage(s)

Genesis

1:27 Matt. 19:4; Mark 10:6

2:2 Heb. 4:4

2:7 1 Cor. 15:45

2:24 Matt. 19:5; Mark 10:7–8; 1 Cor. 6:16; Eph. 5:31

5:2 Matt. 19:4; Mark 10:6

12:1 Acts 7:3

12:3 Gal. 3:8; Rev. 1:7

14:17–20 Heb. 7:1

14:20 Heb. 7:4

15:5 Rom. 4:18

15:6 Rom. 4:3, 9, 22; Gal. 3:6; James 2:23

15:13–14 Acts 7:6

17:5 Rom. 4:17

18:10 Rom. 9:9

18:14 Rom. 9:9

21:10 Gal. 4:30

21:12 Rom. 9:7; Heb. 11:18

22:17 Heb. 6:14

22:18 Acts 3:25; Gal. 3:8, 16

24:7 Gal. 3:16

25:23 Rom. 9:12

26:4 Acts 3:25

28:12 John 1:51

Resources
28:14 Rev. 1:7

47:31 Heb. 11:21

48:4 Acts 7:5

Exodus

1:8 Acts 7:18

2:14 Acts 7:27–28

2:22 Acts 7:6

3:5 Acts 7:33

3:6 Matt. 22:32; Mark 12:26; Luke 20:37; Acts 3:13; 7:32

3:7–10 Acts 7:34

9:16 Rom. 9:17

12:11 Luke 12:35

12:46 John 19:36

13:2, 12, 15 Luke 2:23

16:18 2 Cor. 8:15

19:5–6 1 Pet. 2:9

19:12 Heb. 12:20

20:11 Acts 4:24; 14:15

20:12 Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10; Eph. 6:2

20:12–16 Matt. 19:18; Mark 10:19; Luke 18:20

20:13 Matt. 5:21; James 2:11

20:13–17 Rom. 13:9

20:14 Matt. 5:27; James 2:11

20:17 Rom. 7:7

21:17 Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10

21:24 Matt. 5:38

Resources
22:27 Acts 23:5

23:20 Matt. 11:10; Mark 1:2; Luke 7:27

24:8 Heb. 9:20

25:40 Heb. 8:5

32:1 Acts 7:40

32:6 1 Cor. 10:7

32:23 Acts 7:40

33:19 Rom. 9:15

34:34 2 Cor. 3:16

Leviticus

11:44 1 Pet. 1:16

12:8 Luke 2:24

18:5 Rom. 10:5; Gal. 3:12

19:2 1 Pet. 1:16

19:12 Matt. 5:33

19:18 Matt. 5:43; 19:19; 22:39; Mark 12:31, 33; Luke 10:27; Rom. 12:19; 13:9; Gal. 5:14; James 2:8

20:9 Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10

23:29 Acts 3:23

24:20 Matt. 5:38

26:12 2 Cor. 6:16

Numbers

6:3 Luke 1:15

12:7 Heb. 3:2, 5

16:5 2 Tim. 2:19

27:17 Matt. 9:36; Mark 6:34

30:2 Matt. 5:33

Resources
Deuteronomy

4:24 Heb. 12:29

4:35 Mark 12:32

5:16 Matt. 15:4; Mark 7:10; Eph. 6:2

5:16–20 Matt. 19:18; Mark 10:19; Luke 18:20

5:17 Matt. 5:21; James 2:11

5:17–21 Rom. 13:9

5:18 James 2:11

5:21 Rom. 7:7

6:4 Mark 12:29, 32

6:5 Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30, 33; Luke 10:27

6:13 Matt. 4:10

6:16 Matt. 4:7; Luke 4:12

8:3 Matt. 4:4; Luke 4:4

9:3 Heb. 12:29

9:4 Rom. 10:6

9:19 Heb. 12:21

10:20 Matt. 4:10; Luke 4:8

17:7 1 Cor. 5:13

18:15 Acts 7:37

18:15–20 Acts 3:22

19:15 Matt. 18:16; 2 Cor. 13:1; 1 Tim. 5:19

21:23 Gal. 3:13

24:1 Matt. 5:31; 19:7; Mark 10:14

25:4 1 Cor. 9:9; 1 Tim. 5:18

25:5 Matt. 22:24; Mark 12:19; Luke 20:28

Resources
27:26 Gal. 3:10, 13

29:3 Rom. 11:8

29:17 Heb. 12:15

30:12 Rom. 10:6

30:14 Rom. 10:8

31:6 Heb. 13:5

32:4 Rev. 15:3

32:21 Rom. 10:19

32:35 Rom. 12:19; Heb. 10:30

32:36 Heb. 10:30

32:43 Rom. 15:10; Heb. 1:6

Joshua

1:5 Heb. 13:5

22:5 Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30, 33; Luke 10:27

1 Samuel

12:22 Rom. 11:1–2

2 Samuel

5:2 Matt. 2:6

7:8 2 Cor. 6:18

7:14 2 Cor. 6:18; Heb. 1:5; Rev. 21:7

22:50 Rom. 15:9

1 Kings

19:10, 14 Rom. 11:3

19:18 Rom. 11:4

2 Kings

1:10, 12 Luke 9:54; Rev. 20:9

Resources
19:15 Acts 4:24

1 Chronicles

17:13 Heb. 1:5

2 Chronicles

2:12 Acts 4:24

18:16 Matt. 9:36

Job

5:12 1 Cor. 3:19

16:19 Matt. 21:9; Mark 11:10

41:3 Rom. 11:35

Psalms

2:1 Acts 4:25

2:7 Acts 13:33; Heb. 1:5; 5:5

2:9 Rev. 2:27; 19:15

4:5 Eph. 4:26

5:10 Rom. 3:13

6:4 John 12:27

6:9 Matt. 7:23; Luke 13:27

8:3 Matt. 21:16

8:5–7 Heb. 2:6–8

8:7 1 Cor. 15:27; Eph. 1:22

10:7 Rom. 3:14

14:1–3 Rom. 3:10–12

16:8–11 Acts 2:25–28

16:10 Acts 13:35

18:50 Rom. 15:9

Resources
19:5 Rom. 10:18

22:2 Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34

22:14 1 Pet. 5:8

22:19 Matt. 27:35; Mark 15:24; Luke 23:34; John 19:24

24:1 1 Cor. 10:26

31:6 Luke 23:46

32:1 Rom. 4:7

34:9 1 Pet. 2:3

34:13–17 1 Pet. 3:10–12

34:21 John 19:36

35:19 John 15:25

36:2 Rom. 3:18

40:7–9 Heb. 10:5–7

40:8 Heb. 10:9

41:10 John 13:18

42:6, 12 Matt. 26:38; Mark 14:34

43:5 Mark 14:34

44:23 Rom. 8:36

45:7 Heb. 1:8

51:6 Rom. 3:4

53:2–4 Rom. 3:10–12

62:13 Matt. 16:27; Rom. 2:6

68:19 Eph. 4:8

69:10 John 2:17; Rom. 15:3

69:23 Rom. 11:9

69:26 Acts 1:20

Resources
78:2 Matt. 13:35

78:24 John 6:31

82:6 John 10:34

86:9 Rev. 15:4

91:11 Matt. 4:6; Luke 4:10, 11

94:11 1 Cor. 3:20

94:14 Rom. 11:2

95:7–8 Heb. 3:15; 4:7

95:7–11 Heb. 3:7–11

95:11 Heb. 4:3, 5

97:7 Heb. 1:6

102:26–28 Heb. 1:10–12

104:4 Heb. 1:7

104:12 Matt. 13:32; Mark 4:32; Luke 13:19

107:26 Rom. 10:7

109:8 Acts 1:20

110:1 Matt. 22:44; Mark 12:36; Luke 20:42–43; Acts 2:34–35; 1 Cor. 15:25; Heb. 1:13

110:4 Heb. 5:6; 7:17

111:2 Rev. 15:3

112:9 2 Cor. 9:9

116:10 2 Cor. 4:13

117:1 Rom. 15:11

118:6 Heb. 13:6

118:22 Matt. 21:42; Mark 12:10; Luke 20:17; 1 Pet. 2:7

118:23 Matt. 21:42; Mark 12:11

118:26 Matt. 21:9; Mark 11:9; John 12:13; Matt. 23:39; Luke 13:35; 19:38

Resources
119:32 2 Cor. 6:11

135:14 Heb. 10:30

139:14 Rev. 15:3

140:4 Rom. 3:13

145:17 Rev. 15:3

146:6 Acts 4:24; 14:15

148:1 Matt. 21:9; Mark 11:10

Proverbs

3:11 Heb. 12:5

3:34 James 4:6; 1 Pet. 5:5

10:12 James 5:20; 1 Pet. 4:8

11:31 1 Pet. 4:18

22:8 2 Cor. 9:7

24:12 Matt. 16:27; Rom. 2:6

25:21 Rom. 12:20

Ecclesiastes

7:20 Rom. 3:10

Isaiah

1:9 Rom. 9:29

5:9 James 5:4

6:3 Rev. 4:8

6:9 Matt. 13:14; Mark 4:12; Acts 28:26

6:10 John 12:40

7:14 Matt. 1:23

8:10 Matt. 1:23

8:12 1 Pet. 3:14

Resources
8:13 1 Pet. 3:15

8:14 Rom. 9:33; 1 Pet. 2:8

8:17 Heb. 2:13

8:18 Heb. 2:13

8:23–9:1 Matt. 4:15–16

10:3 1 Pet. 2:12

10:22 Rom. 9:27

11:2 1 Pet. 4:14

11:10 Rom. 15:12

12:2 Heb. 2:13

13:10 Matt. 24:29; Mark 13:24

22:13 1 Cor. 15:32

25:8 1 Cor. 15:54; Rev. 7:17; 21:4

26:13 2 Tim. 2:19

26:19 Matt. 11:5; Luke 7:22

26:20 Heb. 10:37

27:9 Rom. 11:27

28:11 1 Cor. 14:21

28:16 Rom. 9:33; 10:11; 1 Pet. 2:6

29:10 Rom. 11:8

29:13 Matt. 15:8–9; Mark 7:6–7

29:14 1 Cor. 1:19

29:16 Rom. 9:20

29:18 Matt. 11:5; Luke 7:22

34:4 Matt. 24:29; Mark 13:25; Luke 21:26

35:4 John 12:15

Resources
35:5 Matt. 11:5; Luke 7:22

37:16 Acts 4:24

40:3 Matt. 3:3; Mark 1:3; John 1:23

40:3–5 Luke 3:4–6

40:6 1 Pet. 1:24

40:8 1 Pet. 1:25

40:13 Rom. 11:34; 1 Cor. 2:16

42:1–4 Matt. 12:18–21

42:12 1 Pet. 2:9

42:18 Matt. 11:5; Luke 7:22

43:20–21 1 Pet. 2:9

45:14 1 Cor. 14:25

45:21 Mark 12:32; Acts 15:18

45:23 Rom. 14:11

49:6 Acts 13:47

49:8 2 Cor. 6:2

49:10 Rev. 7:16

49:18 Rom. 14:11

52:4 2 Cor. 6:17

52:5 Rom. 2:24

52:7 Rom. 10:15

52:11 2 Cor. 6:17

52:15 Rom. 15:21

53:1 John 12:38; Rom. 10:16

53:4 Matt. 8:17; 1 Pet. 2:24

53:5 1 Pet. 2:24

Resources
53:6 1 Pet. 2:25

53:7–8 Acts 8:32–33

53:9 1 Pet. 2:22; Rev. 14:5

53:12 Luke 22:37; 1 Pet. 2:24

54:1 Gal. 4:27

54:13 John 6:45

55:3 Acts 13:34

55:10 2 Cor. 9:10

56:7 Matt. 21:13; Mark 11:17; Luke 19:46

59:7 Rom. 3:15–17

59:20 Rom. 11:26

61:1–2 Luke 4:18–19

62:11 Matt. 21:5

65:1 Rom. 10:20

65:2 Rom. 10:21

65:17 2 Pet. 3:13

66:1–2 Acts 7:49–50

66:14 John 16:22

66:22 2 Pet. 3:13

66:24 Mark 9:48

Jeremiah

5:21 Mark 8:18

6:16 Matt. 11:29

7:11 Matt. 21:13; Mark 11:17; Luke 19:46

9:22–23 1 Cor. 1:31; 2 Cor. 10:17

10:7 Rev. 15:3, 4

Resources
12:3 James 5:5

12:15 Acts 15:16

22:24 Rom. 14:11

31:15 Matt. 2:18

31:31–34 Heb. 8:8–12

31:33–34 Heb. 10:16–17

31:33 Rom. 11:26

Ezekiel

5:11 Rom. 14:11

11:20 Rev. 21:7

37:5 Rev. 11:11

37:10 Rev. 11:11

37:27 2 Cor. 6:16

Daniel

3:6 Matt. 13:42, 50

7:13 Matt. 24:30; 26:64; Mark 13:26; 14:62; Luke 21:27; Rev. 1:7

9:27 Matt. 24:15

11:31 Matt. 24:15; Mark 13:14

12:11 Mark 13:14

Hosea

1:6 1 Pet. 2:10

1:9 1 Pet. 2:10

2:1 Rom. 9:26–27

2:25 Rom. 9:25; 1 Pet. 2:10

6:6 Matt. 9:13; 12:7

10:8 Luke 23:30; Rev. 6:16

Resources
11:1 Matt. 2:15

13:14 1 Cor. 15:55

Joel

3:1–5 Acts 2:17–21

3:5 Rom. 10:13

Amos

3:13 Rev. 4:8; 15:3

5:25–27 Acts 7:42

9:11 Acts 15:16

Jonah

2:1 Matt. 12:40

Micah

5:1, 3 Matt. 2:6

7:6 Matt. 10:35–36; Luke 12:53

Nahum

2:1 Rom. 10:15

Habakkuk

1:5 Acts 13:41

2:3 Heb. 10:37

2:4 Rom. 1:17; Gal. 3:11; Heb. 10:38

Zephaniah

3:13 Rev. 14:5

Haggai

2:6 Heb. 12:26

2:21 Heb. 12:26

Zechariah

Resources
3:2 Jude 9

8:16 Eph. 4:25

9:9 Matt. 21:5; John 12:15

11:13 Matt. 27:9

12:10 John 19:37; Rev. 1:7

13:7 Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27

Malachi

1:2 Rom. 9:13

3:1 Matt. 11:10; Mark 1:2; Luke 7:27

3:17 1 Pet. 2:9

3:23 Matt. 17:10; Mark 9:11

Resources