Mstn pedloky :in, on, at

IN

Pedloku in (v) pouvme pedevm tehdy, mluvme-li o prostoru. Nco se tedy nalz uvnit neho, v njakm prostoru.

in the box (v krabici)

in the house (v dom)
in the room (v mstnosti)
in the table (ve stole)
in my mouth (v stech)

Pedloku in pouvme i tehdy, mluvme-li o nem, co je sice na ploe, ale uvnit njakch hranic, nap. na zahrad, na poli, na
vesnici apod.

in the garden/field (na zahrad, na poli)

in the mountains (na horch - hory bereme jako prostor, oblast)
in the village (na vesnici)
in the world (na svt - e svt nen placat vme u dlouho)
in New York, in the USA (v New Yorku, v USA - stty, msta apod. bereme jako ohranienou oblast)
in the pan (na pnvi - pnev se bere jako ohranien prostor, nikoliv jako plocha)

Pozor na dal spojen, u nich v etin pouvme pedloku na.

in the tree (na strom - nap. koka je na strom - nejedn se o plochu stromu, ale o prostor v korun)
in the sky (na obloze)
in the picture/photo (na obrzku - nen to nco, co by stlo na obrzku, ale nalz se to v tom prostoru, kter ten obrzek
zobrazuje)
in the street (na ulici - nap. stl jsem na ulici)
in the Riviera (na Rivie - jde o oblast)

ON

Pedloku on (na) pouvme, pokud se nco nalz na povrchu neho, na ploe. Tento povrch me bt vodorovn, svisl,
nezle na tom.

on the table (na stole)

on the roof (na stee)
on the floor (na podlaze)
on the wall (na zdi)
on the hill (na kopci)

On se dle pouv u pojmenovn ulic (kme-li, na kter ulici co le - zde je mon pout i in) a tak pokud nco le na silnici,
na ece, pobe, dlnici apod.:

The shop is on/in Queen Street.

The city lies on the Hudson River.
There's a good motel on the road between X and Y.
It's on the south coast.
It's on the way to Jakesville.

Nkter podstatn jmna se poj s pedlokou on i s pedlokou in, ale je zde rozdl ve vznamu:

in the street (na ulici - na ulici je spousta lid, na ulici stoj auto atd.)
on the street (na ulici - jako bezdomovec, bez penz, bez pste)

in the tree (na strom - nap. koka je na strom - nejedn se o plochu stromu ale o prostor v korun)
on the tree (na strom - nap. na strom rostou jablka)

in the picture (na obrzku - je tam namalovno, vyfoceno atd.)

on the picture (na obrzku - nalz se to na povrchu obrzku, nap. na nm sed moucha, nebo je na nm prach atd.)

in the corner (v rohu, v kout - nap. v rohu mstnosti, v rohu obrzku atd.)
on/at the corner (na rohu - nap. na rohu ulice atd.)

On dle pouvme u hromadnch dopravnch prostedk (v autobuse, ve vlaku, v letadle, na lodi atd.) Zde toti dopravn
prostedek nebereme jako prostor, ale spe jako palubu, jako plochu, na kter lid cestuj.

on the bus (v autobuse)

on the train (ve vlaku)
on the plane (v letadle)
on the subway (v metru)
on the bike, on the horse (na kole, na koni)

ALE: in the car, in the taxi (v aut, v taxku)

POZOR na tato spojen:
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 on the farm (na farm)
on page 99 (na stran 99)
on the left, on the right (vlevo, vpravo)
on the second floor (ve druhm pate)
on the map (na map, v map)
on the menu (v jdelnm lstku)

Nkdy lze pout in i on a rozdl je minimln:

on the grass (na trv - sp ji bereme jako trvnk, travnatou plochu)
in the grass (v trv)

AT

Pedloka at je daleko sloitj ne pedchoz dv. Prostor u pedloky in i plochu u pedloky on si pedstavme snadno. S
pedlokou at je to problematitj.
Pedloku at pouvme pokud spe ne prostor i plochu mme na mysli jeden jedin bod (nap. bod na map), a nebo danou vc
chpeme jako celek (nap. kolu lovk chpe jako celek vatn tlocviny, jdelny, bufetu naproti apod.).

1) Zastvky, stanice, letit

V tchto ppadech mme na mysli bod, ve kterm nasedme i vysedme z dopravnho prostedku.
at the bus stop (na zastvce)
at the railway station (na eleznin stanici)
at the airport (na letiti)
at the second stop (na druh zastvce)
at the terminal (na konen)

At pouvme i ped nzvy mst, obc, ulic, pojmenovnmi budov ve mst atd., pokud mme na mysli to msto jako zastvku
dopravnho prostedku.

We had to wait at Cedar Rapids. (Neekali jsme tam jako ve mst, ale jen ve stanici.)
Get off at George Street. (kme, kde m vystoupit, na kter zastvce.)
You'll have to change trains at Berlin. (Pestupovat bude pravdpodobn jen na ndra, do msta ani nemus zavtat)
Get off at the Colony Cinema. (u kina - opt specifikujeme zastvku)

2) Msto na map, na plnku

Podobn jako u pedchzejcho pkladu, at pouvme i ve spojench, ktermi kme, ve kterm mst na map apod. nco je.

at the traffic lights (na semaforu)

Turn right at the bank. (Odbote vpravo u banky.)

3) Msto + el

Dle at pouvme v nkterch spojench, kdy nemme na mysli pouze msto samotn, ale i el, ke ktermu dan vc slou:
at school (ve kole)
He's still at school. (Jet je ve kole - u se)
We have a drinks machine in our school. (mme ve kole npojov automat - v budov, ten automat se neu)

at home (doma)
No, he isn't at home. (Ne, nen doma. - nejde o budovu)
at work (v prci)
He's still at work. (Jet je v prci - pracuje)

at the table (u stolu)

They're sitting at the table and having dinner. (Sed u stolu a obdvaj - tedy uvaj stl k tomu, k emu bn slou)
He was standing by the table, looking at the picture on the wall.. (Stl u stolu a dval se na obrzek na zdi. - zde byl u stolu
pouze mstn, u, blzko, pobl, vedle apod.)

at the door (u dv, za dvemi)

Somebody's at the door. Can you open it? (Nkdo je u dv, me je otevt? - u dv, tedy chce dovnit)
There's a shoe rack by the door. (U dve je botnk - vedle dve, botnk nestoj u dve a neklepe, e chce dovnit)

at the window (u okna)

She was standing at the window watching the people walking by. (Stla u okna a sledovala lidi, co jdou kolem. - stla u okna
tak, aby vidla ven)
There is a table by the window. (U okna je stl - u okna pouze mstn, stl nestoj a nekouk ven)

4) U babiky

Pedloku at meme pout nap. i u studenty oblben frze u babiky, ti ji ale s oblibou kaj patn, by my grandmother.
kme li, u koho jsme (v jeho dom, tam kde on bydl), pouvme at:

2
 I spent 2 weeks at my grandmother's (house). (u babiky - v jejm dom, nikoliv mstn U BABIKY, babika mohla bt v jin
mstnosti, nebo dokonce v jinm mst na nkupu, ale pod jsem byl u babiky)
I was at Jane's. (Byl jsem u Jany.)
at the dentist's (u zubae.)

5) Budovy

Tuto pedloku pouijeme i u budov, kde nemme na mysli tu budovu jako takovou, ale spe kdy kme, kde se nco dje. Tak
se pouv s nzvy spolenost (nap. She works at Tesco.)
We had lunch at the new restaurant. (v restauraci)
It was very hot in the restaurant. (v restauraci - uvnit budovy)

The film is at the Odeon Cinema. (v kin Odeon)

The seats in the Odeon are very comfortable. (v kin - uvnit budovy)

6) Dal ast spojen

Pozor na pouit at v nsledujcch spojench:

at the top of the page (na vrchu strnky) , at the top of the stairs (na vrchu schodit), at the bottom of the page (dole na
strnce), at the top of the mountainl (na vrcholu hory), at 16 Park Road (na Park Road 16 - cel adresa), ALE: on/in Park Road
(na Park Road - jen ulice), at the back/front of the house (za/ped domem), at the back/front of the cinema (vepedu/vzadu v
kin), ALE: in the front/back of the car (vzadu, vpedu auta), ALE: on the front/back of the envelope (na pedn/zadn stran
oblky)

at the concert (na koncert), at the wedding (na svatb), at a party (na verku), at the conference (na konferenci), at the match
(na zpase), at university (na univerzit), at sea (na moi - o lodi, o plavb)

asov pedloky IN, ON, AT

IN

roky, ron obdob, msce, tdny

in 1998, in summer, in winter, in autumn, in spring, in April, in May

sti dne

in the morning, in the evening, in the afternoon

ALE: at night, on Sunday morning

ON

dny, data

on Monday, on Tuesday, on my birthday, on Christmas Day, on Halloween

on the 23rd of April, on the 4th of July, 1998

sti dne s njakm pvlastkem

on Monday morning, on Wednesday afternoon, on Saturday night

on a rainy morning, on a sunny afternoon

AT

pesn as (v kolik hodin)

at 5, at 3 am, at nine o'clock

at noon, at midday, at midnight (jedn se o pesn as - 12 hodin)

dal vazby

at night, at the moment, at the weekend (v americk anglitin se pouv 'on the weekend')
at Christmas, at Easter (u svtk trvajcch dle ne jeden den)
ALE: on Christmas day, on Christmas Eve

bez pedloky

3
this, last, next...

V nsledujcch ppadech nepouvme dnou pedloku:

this week, this month, this Monday, this September, last week, last month, last night, last Monday, last September
next week, next month, next Monday, yesterday morning, tomorrow night, every day, every year