CONTENTS

lnJ.rnd.wo!.iru ,

THE AR ABle 1 ,ANGl IAGE

z

! 5. Bre3 k (n:.;1 I!J gdl OJ oncr

to7'

I The i-\ rabi c Wri~ i 11;2 SyS!f'm M~~uC'IBnre~s~~ __ ~

GETTING TO KNOWJ!EOI!LE

2: 1m's Cnll v rrse

ARRIYAl. 11

3 \Vh-i:I'C WitJ You Spel1d the Ni:!!ht? .. _ •••• JJ

VISITING THF SIGHTS

4 Findi ng You r wrJ)' on FoOl .

. .... _ 4{)

5 PublicTmmporuuiClIt ,

" ..... 46

7 On Ill!" Tmjn 61 8 COlJ.lmies. 'IIln La,n ~IJ" !J;~s, ••••••••••••• 6.5 9 On rl11" Road Zl

10 Campillg .. , , , ~ 82

II Do Y' of tho Week,

Months. Seasons. Weather,

" ..... 86

12 Ai rpml S uud Tcuri ~m

" .... 92

IcNTERTA I NM ENT

Sound .. md Li a hi Show

" ..... 97

14 Sports ... ,

, •.... IOJ

IJ COP) ri gil'l ro09 b)' Ilil!W1'I \. f:.du£.l)1 ioeul Series. .I oc_

All ri;g_h[~ reserved. N.., pan of Lhis 1"-1blkmio.n 11I1i~' be rC;PlotiU'C,N ty di~L([[_,Lll.tL.! ill iin_"" rDn-t'I w by ~II.~' ]m:,illl~ 'l'i!huuL III,o!" wri!!~lj EX"rm~iDti Q-f IIIIe rol") n,!;IJ'L owuee,

,~" IMirrii'lt"~ ~'Jr(i.lfM Ju. (j(M~~lf'tj J'(I;

Wlm..)I'·S 5JVC;liOfl;)l: ~.:n-e:s..I(II:,

~IJ Witele~ Uoo];;::\'<lru

IlinlppillJ~I;!:,NYI,lni:S

... f".. ....... ba .. rDnsordul;;'.~tlllI

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Learn Ar.I."i~ LI~ r~SL nnd fun 'LV:iII~'! R:IIg}' H_ lhrahirn: (:1)n;';I.iIL.jmL Mumher Younes

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Ls.nN~ L l: 911;:.[j. 7~ 1-40~-~ (ibou,k) I,S IlN· 10; 0-7f.:L 1-J02J-S {book ~

MFAIS ANI) RI'.STA[ IR,\NIS

/07

16 The r~r ... t{jltrilQE

114

ATTHESTORE

120

'1

I' Clorhln g. S lzcs. Co lot'S

120

40

18 Groc~rics and Food SfOr~·.s 'S:uperrml.r~ets} t26 19 Ph,rmaov. 113

lU L:,nlndr),. Df~ Cleaners .. __ , 138

21 Be,ut}' Salon. Barber Shop , 143

22, Thl'! Newsn311d. SLflLlOrll!fV Good:r.:,

Office Supplies , , 149

23 BaZ,KLr.i.. Snu Vi:.I1 irs. ill1d P:lmto Shops •• , , 52

24 The Shoe Repa] r Shop and the-

Oplomel risl Shop . J 58

ESSE NIl i\I SF RYICE S , 61

25, Th c BolO!.; 161

2tL.Ibi· M·lil "Inri PrJ'S' Qmi:.1~ 1.67

27 The Telephone , 171

28 D(lCtor. DCIlLl~L. H{)S,pitlll, •• , 174

29 All Emcrae nc)' ... , 180

Be-ro_re lim T ('3"(> 18, i

97

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I . :\F.,!!)I;: btitl~lb'<: - T¢1>UXM,)'~ ror ,rot'!; i~Jl ~~Il:l;rs ~ [rI~tIis.1L,

r. ~'IJoEIII';~, M~lnU~, AWl!I!~1if. I!oiIS;::· II, ti~I~,

Primed i:n !hc UI.,ilnJ S4::!1II!'~ Dr Aeuerien l!)'p';i65·0~ I

1'li"lofIoCr«lil;,;

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I~~ .I2illjllP): h;L.r:lilllf'lnflld.lhl"G~pj][ ... ,"m~I,IJ~~u..,<;~in~~lii-t;:~ke- ..... i.lh.-~lfI1.(h{xli:"lml,v.'Aw.I;oC"I~Yi.·U~i1.oc.:w'if~I~I~-:i·jl:F6 ''':i!b.~ lSJ; II~flb hJ.1p;l'u,"" .... ·.'"il"LWilkllln.rumlil!d,:o~.!lSI1'~[iug.cAc[ion .. \'lr.'I/I,"C Ars&c~SS':<r;!o-.:.06lrmIL"" ... _ hl;r:/Iw ......... ·.,;r1Ll1lkru.n.ctm.~r..dcS.MI1'?f1io£ .... .l\N ~I= VI fWI'io«}I),I;: l'rudl D=~6ft (ri~t).: rulrJ '/I· .... ",_vinunl k'1D .... mm!in~".m p'!'I~.J.~.o'K:liml=\~II~WJ'FHJt)(.;"I1~1 ~2' I

INTRODUCTION

Arabic is spoken by over 300 million people who live in 22 countries that make up the Arab world. Some of these countries are well known, such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia. Morocco, and Iraq, and others are less known, such as Djibouti and the Comoros. In addition to being the official language of these countries, Arabic is also the religious language of over 1.2 billion Muslims. It is the language of the Muslim holy bock, the Quran, and other classical Muslim literary and religious works. Arabic is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations.

Like any other language with a long history that is spoken over a large area. Arabic has many varieties, For the purposes of this book. a major dlstincrion can be made between the literary language. known in Arabic as F usha and re f e rred to in Ell glis h as Classical Arabic Or Modem Standard Arabic (MSA). and the regional dialects, Classical Arabic genernlly refers to the older form of the (literary) language, and MSA to its modem form. Classical Arabic will not concern us here. since thi" book i, designed for users of Arabic in its modem context.

This rich language situauou is described by linguists as "diglossic." Arabs from different pans of the Arab world usc u regional variety or dialect. i.e, Egyptian, iraqi, Syrian, etc .• for conversation, and MSA for rending. writing. and formal speaking. For example, when an Arab man reads a newspaper; he reads MSA, but When he discusses its contents with his friends. the discussion takes place in the regional variety.

While the different dialects differ from one region to another, MSA is virtually the same everywhere. This is one reason why the majority of Arabic books written for

foreigners introduce MSA. However, people who learn 10 speak only MSA will not be able 10 use it in conversation; not only will they sound ludicrous, but they will also find it difficult to understand what is being said to them.

This book, which is intended as a basic introduction to Arabic using simple. practical dialogues as its maiu linguistic component, presents a colloqu ial dialect,

i.e, Egyptian, for conversation in conformity with Arabic sociolinguistic renlitles,

Why Egyptian? Egyptian is the most

wi de I y used and understood of all. A rubi c dialects. Fur One thing, Egyptians constitute between a quarter and a fiflh of the total population of the Arab world. In addition, Egypt, in particular Cairo, has for a long time served as an important, probably the most importanr, cultural center of the Arab world. More publications come OUI ofCairo than any other Arab city, and Egyptian movies and soap ope ras are watched all over the Arab world. Students from many Arab (and Muslim) countries study at Egyptian uni versities, and hundreds of thousands of Egyptian teachers, doctors, engineers, and farm workers live all over the Arab world.

In addi lion to leamin g to con verse at a basic level, you will also leurn \Q read Arabic ot a level that will enable you to understand the names of people and places, road signs, restaurant menus. and travel schedules.

S i nee word swill be presented a., pronounced in an Egyptiun Arabic context, the Egyptian pronunciation will be adopted throughout the book.

Munther Younes

1

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes M ateri a

THE ARABIC LANGUAGE

The Arabic Writing System

and Basic Grammatical Structures

1

ARABIC LETIERS AND SOUNDS

Arabic uses an alphabetic writing system, where each sound is represented by a I Cite r, The a I pha bet consi sts of 28 letters, IV h i eh represent t he Am b i c consonants and long vowels, A few more symbols arc used to indicate the. short vowels, tile doubling of consonants, the absence of a vowel sound, and the I!amr.a or glottal stop. which wi II be discussed below.

The Arabic writing system is much more systematic than the English system; for the mOSI part, each Arabic leiter or symbol stands for one sound, and each sound is represented by one symbol. In English, for ex ample, the Ieuer s is pro noun ced d i ff erentl y in the words .feem~ (J(lS)" ph ""Closure! and sugar, while the sound s is spelled differently in sit. city, scelle, taxi, and massive. English vowels show even more irregularity, Think of the sounds represented by the lenere in do. does, doe, how, and /101. Arabic irregularities are

much more limited,

The following table li~t.'; the Arabic letter> and the. sounds they represent using a romanized transliteration system, It will serve as a pronunciation guide throughout the book, The letters marked with a" asterisk (*) represent sounds not found in English, Short explanatory notes appear next to these, If no notes appear, then the transcription symbol represents the typical English pronunciation of the letter given. So, in the second row, the Arabic leuer c, is pron Q u need the same as th c Eng I i sh eon S OIlUn! bused in the tran sl i terat io n,

1

U rheberrcc htl lch geSG h utztes M atcrla

ARABIC LETTER

TRANSCRIPTION

Nons

aa
." b
'"
.!. t or s
C s
C· h
C' kh D

T ZorD c

gh

.:J J ~ ~ ....

,. -.'lS :l1011,£ owe!

s -as n long owe I

t -as a semi- -owel

J -as a long vowel 01 -.:J~ a Inng vowel oj -itS a scm i- vowel

III n II

ULI 00

w

ii cc

Pronounced like the Ellgli~h a)n mmr and F,r (more on this under "the emphatic group" below').

Rarely pronou need as j.

Pronounced likc Jr, but with more friction in 111C throat. Pronounced like the German ch, as. illlraciJ.

Trilled. as in Spanish.

z

s

-"II as English ship (to distlngulsh this from the sequence s followed by h, italic will be used).

Empharicr ( .... ). This and the next three capitalized letters arc known as the emphatic" consonants. "'"'lore on these under "the empnauc group" below,

Emphatic .:I.

Emphntic .;.,

Emphattt:;,; or d.

Similar to 'wm~.fJ (the glo!ltll SWp), but pronounced Wt!" more friction in the throat. (See the note on Iwm::.a on page 4.)

.l\s in French r in roUJ;C-

This letter is pronounced as a /j(tl/J=.Q in mnst cases. 10 a few cases. tr retains the MSA pronunciation as an emphatic k. In these cases II will be wnuen and transcribed a .. <;(I. (More On ham<;'lI below.I

v

Pronounced m;; [he II in Jrm(.'. Prenou need ;15 [fie (..In in dot)l:

Pronounced ,IS the II' in wtlY. Pronounced as the ea ill mt·tn. Prnnnurlt:'c,d as the oi in bois. Pronounced us the y in _FOrms.

3

Urbeberrechtlich qeschutztes Material

"

HAMZA, THE GLOTTAL STOP

<>"....,.....1 'asbrlln

The Arabic letter ........ (hamza) is not considered a full member of the alphabet It is sometimes written by itself, but it is mostly "tacked onto" a vowel. It always has the same pronunciarion: a glottal stop, the way you start a word like apple in English. The pronunciation is symbolized here by the grave accent symbol C). The oj.4A may have any of the following shapes: i.":S'.J.!, 1. The rules for choosing the different shapes of the oj.4A are quite complicated. All you need to know at this stage is to recognize these shapes when you see [hem written and to remember that all ofthem stand for one sound only.

Reading Exercise

Each of the following words includes hamza, Firs! read them, then compare your reading 10 the answers below.

you, masculine, singular (m.s.) Algeria

point of departure evening emergency

t>1 ~J "';1).4.1 ~

,L.......o J:;It-b

THE EMPHATIC GROUP

The emphatics are a particularly interesting group of consonants in Arabic. They contrast with a set of more familiar, non-emphatic consonants. In the preceding alphabet table, they are transliternted in uppercase,

Emphatic Nonemphadc

",.. S _,..

..,., D d

.b T '"

h Z z (sometimes d)

The letter j is mostly pronounced like the hamza (glottal stop, see below), but in some words, particularly "educated" vocabulary and certain proper name, (Cairo. at-qaanira, and Qur 'an, al-qnr'aanr, it is pronounced as an emphatic k.

The English letters s, d, I, and c are pronounced in certain environments in a manner that approximates [he Arabie emphatic pronunciation. This is shown by the word, in ColumnA in contrast with those in Column B in the following:

A

(close to emphatic)

sought

dawn

taught

caught

B (plain)

seat dean teach catch

ANSWERS

~~Jnl!lIi\1!J., ~ ~n(lSHW • ~l~lJ'SLlI!m 'J!~\'!'l1"lt'l'~-I! 'U'lU! ~ 'U-ulJ ~

4

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes M a\eria

The vowel i (aa) and its short counterpart nrc pronounced in two slightly different ways, one emphatic, next to emphatic consonants, and another plain or non-emphatic everywhere else, These two pronunciations are lcund in English in words like car and cal. The Il of Cllr has the emphatic pronunciation, and that of cal has the non-

emphatic, plain one. .

Putting It Together

Unlike English, Arabic is wrinen and read from right to left. Arabic letters arc connected to one another to form words. All letters connect to those preceding them, and all bUI six connect to those following. The following table shows the different letter shapes. The six" non-c-onnecling letters are marked as "non·ronnecling" in Ihe table.

WORD-,INITlAU.Y AND

MEDIALLY

WORD-
FINALLY
No!]·connecting
.,..
.:.
.!.
[
C
t
Non -connecti ng
Non-connecting
Non.connecting
Non-connecti ng
.,..
ul.
V'"
.,..
t·~
t"~
...
j
.:J
J
f'
.;0
......
Non -connccti ng
., ..J

.....

5

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes Iv! ate,i a

NOTE TRE FOLLOWING:

I. Eight leners have one shape each, regardless of their position in the, word. These include the six non -connecn ng letters and .10 and .1>.

2. Three letters, t ,e, and .... , have four shapes each" depending on, their position in the word and whether the preceding lener is connecting Or non-connecting. The I1rs! shape is used at the beginning of the word and after non-connecting letters, but not word-finally.The second is used after a connecting Ie tier inside a word, The third is used word-finally after a connecting leuer.The fourth is used word-linally after a non-connecting letter,

3. Therest (17letlers) have two shapes each, one initial and medial (both connected and nonconnected), and another final. .

4.ln general, the final shape ofa leiter includes an additional curve 10 finish it off.

5. If you compare the shapes of'the different leners, you will notice that the majority are organized into groups or families according to their basic shape: ... >.:. • .!.: (C > c. c- etc. Within each family, leiters am generally distinguished by the placement and number of their dots.

6. In addition to functioning as the long vowel aa, the first letter of the Arabic alphabet. I, serves as a transitional vowel at the beginnings of words that start with a vowel. In this position, it is pronounced a, i, or u. depending on the individual word. The most common such usage of 1 is as the first leiter of the definite article JI "the":

the post office

il-bariid

Exercise

a, Connect the following letters to form words:

_____ ~~I~

-- ~ ... I

~~~~_ .. Jt..l, ______ .... .101..1,..,.

h. Copy the same words. The movement in writing the letter, is always from right 10 left and top to bouorn, Always remember that all letters connect 10 those preceding them and all except six connect to those following. Remember that the letter t , found in these words, is a non-connecting letter:

.......... ~ .,..Jl.b .,.u.s ..,.t,
baTaaTis Taa.lib kitaab banb
potatoes student book: door 6

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h (jutes Iv! ater;"

SHORT VOWELS AND OTHER DIACRITICS

You may have noticed thai in the words ",L;.S,.,.J1b and ..,...l>~, only the long vowel l is written. The short vowels corresponding to a and i in the transliteration are not. This is typical of Arabic writing. Only the three long vowels , , I , and" arc listed as part of the alphabet. Short vowels are not represented regularly as part of the alphabet, but they are sometimes indicated as diacritical marks above or below the letters to help certain groups of readers such as children or foreign learners, In this guide, the rornanizcd transliteration along with the Arabic letters give ample clues to the correct pronunciation, which renders the diacritical marks unnecessary. Furthermore, the type of Arabic that the user of this book is likely to encounter (road signs, names, etc.) will not have diacritical marks anyway.

In contexts where the short vowels are necessary, as in cases involving distinctions of ot he rwise i de III i cal word s, the di acri Ii cs w ill be sh own.

Among these diacritics, there arc three vowels that correspond to the three long vowels in the alphabet table. The following list includes them as well as the other important diacritical symbols. Theletter ...s (k) is used to illustrate the shape. position, and pronunciation of these diacritics.

NAME
zs ka fatha
~ki kasra
~k" Damma
:5kk siladda
is k sukuun
Ls tanwiin
(kan) TRAN'SUTERATION

SYI\1HOL NOTES

a Represents a short vowel that. corresponds to I,

Represents a s nort vowe I that correspo nds to -s-

u

Represents a short vowel, that corresponds to ,.

Represents the doubling of a consonant.

Indicates that there is no vowel following the consonant above which it appears.

Appears only at the ends of certain adverbs.

an

OTHER ORTHOGRAPHIC SYMBOLS ..... !r' _...u ~L:J I (faa' marbuu Ta J

This letter is a combination of .... I. and ,.:.. It is written as a, or ii, depending on whether the preceding letter is connecting or non-connecting, It is a feminine ending that appears on nouns and adjectives. Consequently, it. is found only in the final position of a word. It is pronounced G, unless the word in which it is found is t.he first pan of a construct phrase; then a f appears in the pronunciation,

7

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h (jutes M aleli a

'l!

When J is followed by I, with and without 0""," (hamza), the two letters are joined together forming one special symbol, written as 'l! or 'I, The combination is often considered another letter of the Arabic alphabet.

three talaata o~IJ~ ~~
Jordan il·'urdun c ') j J 1 ",,'11
the Emirates il·' imaaraat ",I,I,.!JI "'1)1.0)1'1 Reading Exercise

Read the following greetings, then compare your reading with the answers below,

You are welcome,

. .!L.. 3u.l .~)u,l

.r~

Welcome.

Thanks (literally "welcome to you," in response) Thanks (to a man).

Thanks (to a woman).

Thanks.

Please, come in! (to a man). Please, come in! (10 a woman),

,~! ·~l

,s (o),...:..iA -"JI, ali! m,uIS""",)

This Jetter is found only at the end of words and is pronounced like the. letter I, When suffixes are attached to the word that ends in .,,...:..iA...u1 the letter appears either as I or _,.

~~I 919 [waaw il'gamOlf'o I (lVaaw oj the pl"ral)

The two letters I, frequently appear at the end of a verb to indicate that the subject of that verb is plural: ,_ [sim'u] "they heard," Two things are important to remember with respect to the final, in such verbs. First, it is silent (in the same way that tile e in the English word made is); and second. that if a suffix is attached to it, the I disappears: "'_ [sirn-uunij vthey heard me."

ANSWERS

8

Urheberrechtiich geschLitztes Materla

Important Notes

I. The long vowel, I.v. and, arc pronounced short at the ends of words. just likcfatha, kasra. and Damma:

her book kitaabha ~t..S
my book kitaabi ..,.;t..S
they wrote katabu l,..._s 2. When ham", is found at the end of a word after a long vowel, it is usually, but not always. left ou t and the vowel is shone ned:

behind sky

sama

However. consider the following:

good e VCII i ng

masaa" i 1- kheer

Grammar

The foliowing brief grammar notes cover some of the basics of Arabic grammar. Ali the examples used in them are taken from the material. in the book. Since these notes often involve the repetition of similar parts of words. they should help you develop your reading skills more quickly; seeing the same letter severa I time s in close succession helps you remember it.

1. THE ARABIC SENTENCE AND WORD ORDER

Arabic sentences are of two general types: those with verbs and those without verbs. Sentences that have verbs arc culled verbal semellces, and sentences without verbs are called equational sentences.

Equational Sentences

"uwankum fl id-dnor ir-rraabi"

.~r...,rJ,...,r~,.._t...l>,l

Your rooms are on the fourth Hoor.

Note the absence ofthe equivalent of the English verb 10 be. The Arabic sentence literally translates as: Your J"(lQm5 on the fourth floor,

In an equational sentence that consists of an indefinite subject and a prepositional phrase. the prepositional phrase precedes the subject:

9

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h (jutes M ateri"

"andinn hagz bi~' Isrnak .~~~Li...o..:.

We have 11 reservation in your name.

Verbal Sentences

There is a certain amount of flexibility in the word order of verbal sentences; a verb may precede or follow its subject. The following two word orders are grammatical:

bH'LISal iFutubilS is·~1i''''a siua . ....... 4..L...JI.,-.,.lIl J-~

il- ~ utubi is hi- yu'Sal is·5l1~a SiHD.. ........ 4..L...JI J-~ .,-.,..71

The first Arabic sentence literally translates us: Arrives the bus six o'clock, while the second literally translates as: The bus arrives six o'clock.

When asking questions, all you have to do is change the intonation: there is no need 10 change the word order Or use the equivalent of English do. does. or did.

iJ-'UlUbiIS do') bi-vnluh tl-nhruam" ~f'''''''i1 C~ OJ ~~lCl

Note that the prefix /'''' -is attached to imperfect verbs in Egyptian Arabic when these verbs are not preceded by another verb.

he visits, he is visiting he likes to visit

10

Urheberrechtllch qeschutztcs Matorla

:Z, THE DEFINITE ARTl.CL~; ANI) THE SUN ANI} MOON LE!fERS Definiteness in Arabic is expressed by auaching the prefix JI "the" to nouns and adjectives:

big door

baab kibiir

the big door

(Note thai ~ .... t.,JI.i, a full sentence thai is translated as "The door is big.")

If JI is followed by a ,'W! letter, it i~ assimilated into (becomes the same as) ihatlcuer, which results in a doubled consonant in pronunciation but not in writing. The sun letters are the following: .:0. J l:. . .10 . ...,., ,_p.';' ..,...j 'J" • _.!. ~

the sun

the watch, the hour. tile time Tuesday

ish-shams

..,.....,...wI

lt-talaat

"""t.....J1 (.:.~i)"J'JU.J1

J remains unchanged before mmJII leuers, which include all the consonants nnl listed above:

the moon il-'amar ".._.;JI
Friday il-gurn'a ~I
Thursday il-khamiis ~I
Kuwait il-kuweet ..:.,.,_!..II Jl

U rheberrec hit lch ge5c h utztes M ateri"

Reading Exercise

How should the.J of the definite article be pronounced in the following words? (Answers are given below.)

the plane .;1.,.1:..)1 L
the airport >u....J1 2_
the su i tease .i.hW..11 3.
the boys, children ,">1,'11 4_
the girls .:.L...JI 5.
the boy ..J,_JI 6. Greetings

The following greetings include a number of occurrences of the definite article and hams«. Try reading them with the help of the transliteration table. (Answers are given below.)

Good morning.

]_

Good morning (in response 10 #ICI..,-»·

2.

Good night/Good evening/ Good afternoon.

3.

Good night/Good evening/ Good afternoon. (i n response to _..:!.I ,I_.....o).

4.

ANSWERS

J 111111- ul ,n._IS!UI . v 'J~~lll1- [! ,r. ESlu1 "£ 'J nn u -u I 'flmq uS' . (: 'l~3'111·1t 1I11"(I"S '1 S:lO! JJJ~ n

'1-9 'I'~ '[v '1IS'£ 'l-"~ r ~IJ!I.rVillfl:rg"(J

12

U rhcberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M ateri"

J. TH.E CONSTRUCT (.uL.d?l'r, AL- 'IDAAFA)

When two nouns are closely associated, :IS in the case of possession or something being part of something else, they form a special grammatical construction called th« COIIS/fliel (.;,;w,!l :

(he student', name

'ism iT-Taalib .,.JlJ>JI ....... i

the capital of Egypt

'aaSimut maST J""'"" ........... LL

University Street

The following two points about .;,;w,! arc important to remember: first, the ii is pronounced like any other", in the first pan of the ';';1.,;,!:

bedroom

'uulrit noorn

a hu ndred pounds

rni i t gi neeh

Second. the firsl part of the .uw,j never takes the definite article; it is madedefinite by association with (he second pan:

a bedroom

'uuDit noom

the bedroom

'UUOil in-noorn

13

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h (jutes M aleri"

4, PRONOUNS AND SUBJECT MARKERS

Egyptian Arabic has the following set of personal pronouns:

He huwwa ,...
She hiyya .r-
They hurnma ~
You (rn.s.) inta .! .... H
You (f.s.) inti ".._;t
You (PI.) intu ~I
1 'I una I..il
We ihna ~l Subjeet Markers

Arabic verbs have IWO tenses: the perfect and the imperfect. The perfect corresponds roughly to the P'1St tense in English and generally indicates completed action, and the imperfect corr-esponds to I he presem tense a 11 d i nd ica res ac t ions t h fl t hu ve 11 ot been completed.

Subject Markers 011 the Perfect Verb

Different persons are expressed in the perfect verb by attaching different suffixes to it, except it! the case of the third person masculine singular (the one corresponding to he), where no suffix is attached. This is shown in the following table.

CORRESPONDING
TRANSLITERXflON VERB SUFFIX I'ERSONAL l'RONOUN
He wrote katab .,....s ,...
She wrote katab-it y ..:. ~
They wrote katab-u l,.,.._s I~ .....
You, rn.s .. wrote katab-: .~ ~ ..;wI
You l' f_ s., wrote katab-ti ~ ~. ~~
You, pl., wrote katah-tu t,.....,..s t,.- ':";1
r wrote katab-t ~ .:..... 1.>1
We wrote katab-na L.i..,.lS u, ~! 14

U rheberrec htl ich gosc h utztes ,._., atcrla

"Exercise

The verb}+>- ftagm means "to reserve." Fill in the. empty spaces, adding the subject marker ro the verb.

TRANSLITERATION

CORRESIc'ONDlNG
VERB SUFFIX PI':RSONAI.PRONOUN
~
"" ~
I,_ ~
i: .:.;1
"". .;....l'
I,_;... ~I
.:.- "'I
I.;... ~! He reserved hagaz

She reserved hagm:·it

They reserved hagaz- u

YOIl, m.s., hagaz-t

reserved

Vou. f.s., hagaz-t]

reserved

You, pl., reserved hagaz-tu

, reserved hagaz-t

We reserved hagaz-na

Subjed/Person Markers on the Imperfect Verb

Different persons arc expressed in the imperfect verb by attaching a prefix or, in some cases, both a prefix and a suffix to [he verb:

CORRESPONDING
TRM'SLrIERAllON VERB SUFFIX PERSONAl. PRONOUN
He writes, L~ writing yiktib ~ - .... 9-"
She writes, is tiktib .,..:..!..l .__:j -r'
writing
They wrote yiktibuu !,.,.:.s., 1,-..., _.
......
You, m, s, ~ wrote tiktib .,..:..!..l -....l ';_;t
You, f.s., wrote tiktibii ~ s-....l ~I.H
You. pl.. wrote tikribuu I~ f9~ ..J ,....1
I wrote aktib 41 -I ",\
Wcwrote niktib .,..:..!..l -....l ~! ANSWERS

'"'~' ~ ~r." ,:,"!,.....o-<t.f I"? .....",.,.!~ ~"" ,,; """"r'f I""""""" j...".....",.,

/5

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h (jutes M ateri a

Exercise

Fill in the empty spaces, adding the subject marker to the verb.

CORRESPONDING
TRANSLITERATION VERB SUFFIX I'ERSONALI'RONOUN
He reserves yihgiz -~ tb
She rcse rves lillgiz -..; ~
They reserve yihgiz-u Ig.-~ ~
You. m.s .. reserve tihgiz -..; .!...tl
You, f.s., reserve rihgiz-i <$-"; ,:-.;1
You, pl., reserve lihgiz-u 1,- ..; ~I
I reserve ahgiz -l Lil
We reserve nihgiz -..; ~! 5. POSSESSION

Possession in nouns is expressed by auaching a pronoun suffix 10 the noun,

kaeub ..,.l.OS book

His book

Her book

CORRESI'ONDlNG
TRANSLITERATION SUHIX l'ERSONALPROr-.:OUN
kitaab-uth) j)~L.;,S ..,U tb
kitaab-ha w,·.,.U ld-!U ~
kitaab-hum ,......_"U ....... U ......
kitaab-ak .!l';:'U ~U -'-'1
kitaab-ik .!l,,;,U ~U ~I
kitaab-kum ",s ... U ..,£...U ~I
kitaab-i ;f.,.U ,..;U UI
kitaab-m U ... U L.:...U ~l Their book

Your, rns., book

Your, f.s., book

Your, pl., book

My book

OUf book

ANSWERS

16

U rheberrec htl ich gosc h utztes ~, "\criB

With taa' rnarbuu'Iu .:

His idea fikri-t-u
Her idea fikri-t-ha
Their idea fikri-t-hurn
Your, m.s., idea fikri-t-ak
Your, f.s., idea flkri-t-ik
Your, pl., idea Jikri-t-kum
My idea Iikri-t-i
Our idea tikri-t-na fiho

~~ idea

'dmMn'i{j

, ..

.0.;.,,-

car

~I

~I

10..-1

His car "arabiyyi·\-u 0+';"".,.:: ...... ..,..:: ,..
Her car <arabiyyi -t-ha 1..+,;.,...,.:: ~.,.:: ~
Their car Carabiyyi-l-hum ,-+';"".,.:: ~.,.:: ,;;
Your, m.s., car Carabiyyi-l-nk -:J+..,..,.:: .!Ji.,-.,.:: ~I
Your, f.s., car "arabiyyl-t-ik -:J+..,..,.:: ~.,.:: "'-'I
Your, pl., car "arabiyyi-t-kum I'>.H';""..,..:: ~..,..:: ~I
My car <arabiyyi+i .p,;.,...,.:: ~..,..:: lil
Our car "arabiyyi-t-na Li+';"".,.:: ~..,..:: u.,.r 17

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes M a\eriB

Exercise

Fill in the empty spaces adding the possessive pronoun to 4..i_"<':

His room ghurfi-t-u --- ,....
Her room ghurfi-t-ha --- .r>
Their room ghurfi-t-hum --- ~
Your, m.s .• room ghurfi-t-ak --- ~f
Your, I.s., room ghurfi-t-ik --- ~~
Your, pl., room g hurfi -t- ku m --- ,....1
My room ghurfi-t-i --- Lil
Our room ghurfi-t-na --- L:....! 6. OBJECT PRONOUNS

The same set of pronoun suffixes that are attached to nouns to show possession are attached to verbs to indicate the objects of these verbs. The English equivalents are words like them, her, me in sentences like l saw them, He visited her. My SOli called me, etc.

NOTE THE FOLLOWING:

I. The object pronoun follows the subject marker. So think of the verb with the object pronoun as being constructed in two steps:

a. Ccnstrucr the verb with its subject marker.

b. Attach the object pronoun.

2. The object pronoun for me is .... not just 0$. as in the possessive.

3. The I at the end of the plural forms of the verbs is dropped when the object pronoun is auached.

4. When the object pronoun is preceded by a long vowel as in the word I~L...'. the second person singular feminine and masculine are distinguished by a._.......s (;) after the ci of the pronoun. l Remember that tinjll is silent.

A.NSWERS r,.....·?"'~·r~· ".<'rm· rrm' r~· r~·r<r"."'I

18

Urheberrechtlich geschLitztes Materla

They asked ... humrna sa'ulu He asked ... huwwa saal
... I,.Jt....,..... ... Jt.... ,....
They asked him. sa'aluu-h He asked him. saalu-h ,....
.,.JL.. ..JL..
They as ked her. saaluu-ha lie asked her. saal-ha .r>
Lo,Jt.... l;9Jt....
They asked them. saaluu-num He asked them. saal-hum ,.....
,.....,.Jt.... ,..,gJt....
They as ked you, m. s, saaluu-k He asked YOll, m.s, saal-ak ~I
.!ltlt.... ..:ilL.
TIley as ked >'DU, f. s, saaluu-kl He asked you, f.s. sa'al-ik ~I
.:,t~t.... .:ilL..
They as ked them. saaluu-kum He asked you, pl. saal-kurn ~I
,...s,JL. ~t....
They asked me. saaluu-ni He asked me. saal-ni ul
.,....;~t.... ...-'-'t....
They asked us. saaluu-na He asked us. saal-na t..:....1
li"n..... wi..... 19

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h (jutes Iv! ateri a

Exercise

Fill in the empty spaces, adding the right Arabic translation. Then read the sentences aloud,

SHE LIKES

THEY SEE

She likes you, r.s.

"'_;I

She likes him.

She likes her.

She likes 1 he m,

They see him.

They sec her.

They see them.

She likes you, m.s.

They see you, f.s,

She likes you, pl.

They sec you. m. s.

They see you. pI.

She likes me.

They see him.

t.;1

She likes us.

They see us.

ANSWERS

~ ........... ..,

l!QnnJIl1I""'-!Q 'j~q ~~I' '\Jq,L

~~(r IlmIJn/lsi-rq

,..." ........... '1

I~U,lIIlJ""ISA"q 'sn ~~s Aaq.L

~, mllqql!ft'lq

p ~p~

IUnn.lnl/s,(-I'q '~lU ~3S '(mIL

~ rmqq11!1'lq

I,,", ~'"':'

mn~nnJm/,\"'-lq '[d 'no" ~"s .'~lJ.L

,~ 1I11t~ nqq llfl~ I q

I~' ~~r.-

T''{nnJnll>".(-lq 's'J 'noA ~~s ,(aIlL

;.~ ;,. ljrqqull-!1!

I""" ~,",r.

.lIm1,lili/"".-lq 'S'!U 'noA Q~S ,(~4.L

~

~Uqqlql-Iq

_, ......... r<"'"

1II11Qn!l.Jmr\'A~!q 'W~IP cos AJ\U

~

lUnqnqQ!lll-!q

'lU~ III S~'! I ?IIS

~ uquq II! Ill-!q

20

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h utztes M ateri"

GETTING TO KNOW PEOPLE

ynllae nitkalljm

~~L.!

Lei's Converse

Knowing how (0 greet people and how to sum a conversation is important, and you should learn those skills first Read the following dialogue severnl times, pronouncing each line carefully out loud. The dialogue contains some basic words and expressions that will be useful 10 you.

Hani Kamal, his wi fc Muna, their daughter Sara, and their son Yousif have just arri ved at Cairo Airport in Egypt. They are unable to find their luggage. Hani approaches an airline employee:

HANI:

Good morning,

EMPLOYEE:

Good Morning. May I help you? (lit, Any service")

HAN!;

Yes, I can "t find my bag and I'm looking for it,

O.K. Your full name, please?

EMPLOYEE:

Sabaah i l-kheer .'_':>'ICt,...>

Sabaah in-nuur, "ayy khidrna? ~.;_., ..... "I .)9 ••• 11 Ct,...>

~:IVW" mlsh laa' ii sJmnTilii wl-badawwar snleeha,

.t.8-,.u.J; ... "~~'J';""I,,,i

']'"yyib' O,K .• lsrnak bil-kuamil min faDlak'! ~.!ll....o..O """ J.oW~~! . .".s,11 .,..,.l>

21

Urheberrochtlich schutz: 5 ~L:r[]ri~'

HANI:

EMPLOYEE:

HAN!:

EMPLOYEE:

My name is. Hani Kamal.

isrnii haani karnaal .Jw.,.-lt...",........r

Your flight number and port rnqam ir-rihla wi-mansna' ·banC!

of departure? ! t...~l.u.,._,JI"""

Egypt Ail' [light number

j 10 from JFK in New York.

milSr JiT.Til1'arnan raqam miya wi·t'i1.{/!3[i13 min mn'Iaar 1.EK.

,~ .... !.r ,LJo..o;,..o i~, 4,....., "'r,....w.r,_..

One m orne nt, please.

l"hZ. min f"Dlnk. ,~;,..o.u.....J

As the airline agent leeks through some papers on his desk, Hani happens 10 see Ahmed, an Egyptian friend of his:

AHMED:

HANJ:

AHMED:

HANI:

Unbelievable! How arc you, Hani?

rnish mO!~·· uut: izzaiyak ya haani? \,..It...l;~!!J~';'''''

I'm well. and you?

kuwuyyis. w-intav'nnmll "ceh? <";IJ..oL...·.;.;I,.-""~

I'm well, Praise be to God! Great (0 have yo" back. Arc you here on holiday?

kuwnyyis, al-hamdulillah. nawwart maSr, intn gaayy fl ',ngn...'l2:il?

'_"""J,.; . ..lI.,.,,_,.,jI.~

'.jl_,.l.,.. ......... ~1

YC5; let me introduce. YOll(O my family,

"aywa, ismah li ~.fC~ddim Ink "usriti . . "..l_'.:l.J f ..... 1 _.J' c--->! .o!-!l

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h "Illes M ateri"

AHMED:

HANI:

AHMED:

EMPLOYEE:

HANI:

AHMED:

AHMED:

HANI:

AHMED & EMPLOYEE:

HANI:

Welcome.

Thank you, This is my wife Muna, my daughter Sara, and my son Yousif,

Pleasure III meet you! (iiI. We are honored.)

Mr. Hani Kamal" our apologies. However, praise be 10 God, your luggage will arri "C tomorrow on the next plane from New York"

How unfortunate!

tna'lish Hani. you're not in America anymore.

What docs malisl: mean?

It means, sorry and be patient.

Alright, see you tomorrow.

Hopefully (lit. God willing), Good-bye.

Good-bye.

~ ah I an \\':.1 -sa h lun .

. ~!i..1

. ~lhl~n hiik. dii miraati rnuna. dii bintii sanra, wi-daibnii yuusif

."...,I.,! .,L... ,,,..:.:-.p ,_..:.., .;>1.,... .~ ')!.ol .~t-:l

HL.~'Wrm fuan

.L;.j;_.!..;

"ustaz huani kamaa), n,fta'"lir bi,,·hiddLl, lankin nl-hanululilluoh .~-IlilnTitiilk h.HiwSal ~,jlla iT· Tnyynrua illii gaayya min New York,

~I ~ .• .i...l.; ,.i.a.; .JW ",u. _;~I .,,-lllo,L;hJI..,-k;'~ J...>,.... ~,.jJ ·.:J'H,... .... .;.;4-

yaad i i l-naZZ !.la....JI.j.t.,

mnqb;·h yaa haani. hun rnish fij "umriikaa .l.L_.,...1 ..... .;.....:..<1· .... '-"4..,w.....

yatoii "ceb rml'"lijH~ '..,w..... .... !~

yn'"nii ,- a~lsjf.,. ~uSbur, ,_.....,l .......... i~

Tuyyib ' ",huJkum bukra. .s ~,..li~i..,._,J;

'in.5:1ra' "allneh m~,jls·5.i.lIJami.l, ....,:L...JI ~ .4il1 ,w..:.!

mu'us-snlaamn. ....,:L...JI~

23

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h (jutes M ateri a

Exercise

March the Arabic expressions from the dialogue with their English equivalents:

I. May I help you? (lit. Any scrvicev)

W,...w-a

2. My name is. _.

3. Your full name please?

4. How are you?

5. I'm well. and you?

... ,,_...l.c

6. .. Let me introduce you to my family.

7. Pleasu re to meet you.

8. How unfortunate!

9. Sorry. (Be parient.)

_,:..J..z..o 1 ......... 1. i

10. Good-bye.

'~-11.j

ANSWERS

P ·01 'J·6 'q·S 'n·L 'q·9 ',,·S 'f! ·V'J·E '3·Z 'r·1

24

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h utztes Mate,;"

Write the new words and say them aloud.

~

=.,

t .. zakknruu

I~~

Remember

Ill:JTiJ<lT

J~ airport

mu"".a22.::lf

"'"'t"I employee

,\-Ii.mT~1

~

suitcase

"amrllknn

LS:.._,..oJ

America

Tayyanm

~J4l> airplane

25

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M aleria

Singular & Plural

A noun in Arabic call be singular, dual, or plural, and an adjectivecan be singular or plural. We will deal with the dual later in the book.

The Singular

A book or one book is expressed as ....,.1, ~l.:S or simply as yL;.S. with the number following (he noun it refers (0 or no number mall.

The Plural

Nouns and adjectives are pluralized in a variety of ways, but for (he most pan they follow general patterns. At (his singe. it is suggested (hat you try to remember the plurals of individual noun, as they arc introduced; you will develop a fed for (he plural patterns later,

Observe and write the singular and plural forms of the following words:

·u"niJ

4.b.i

cat

.S.h;J~ui.L

j)~

tree

Smillj~

.i..o.J.......,

step

·u'lbT

~ cms

';:'JoP,I;O!{ ~ trees

sa!tm!! ...

'"'"'~

steps

26

bumifIu t ~tt bar-mil'
~ Ja....il
.:.>'! - :.>'!
hm hats
~:ilTiidll ~ eamnvid
~,~ ~~~ ~I~
newspaper - newspapers
beet ~ " bruut
w.... uw.
hou's'c houses
l:ullk1ml a 888 ka.\hntllii!
J~ ~L!..s
notebook notebooks "","I,urn

,o~j pens

27

Urheberrechtlich qeschutztes Material

This (masculine singular) This (feminine singular)

Examples

da Ivr_11KI' ";9°' This is a boy.

dn rnng!l ~IJI>" This is a man.

Sabaah il-khcer _,.,..;.JICL,..<>

Sabaah in-nuur )~IC~

misaa' il-khccr _,.,..;.J1,t......,

misaa' in-nuur J~I.L......o

(JimUUl'ir 'ill' ijjliirn

DJW,tt';J~

Demonstrative Pronouns

da .. > dii,j>

Greetings

Good morning.

G(>od morning.

Jii!binL ~,s.

This is a girl.

tlii _~iu

.:........w ,s' This is a ,voman.

2. Good nighl/Good evening/Good afternoon.

Good night/Good evening/Good afternoon (used for the three 11 mes).

28

Urheberrechllich qeschutztes Materia

"ahlau \\'£1 sahlan }

!~,il...1

. "hla~ bilk (m), "ahlan biik] (I) ,.s.,. .... 11 4; '11.01

. izzayyak (m)! "izznyyik (I) 'd;;I/.:iijl

'nl harndu 1 ~ i l-laah ~ ana 1\ II wa yyis, wi-Tnta? (m.s) I

!..:....il,~"s 1..;1 ..l! -.oJ1

k~ wan i, . alhamdu l-i I-I<"'h ..l! -.oJ1.-."s

"as-salamu "alaykum ~ .. ~I

"alaykum is-salaurn .. ~~

. ~'lrukrar!

i".Ll.

-afwnn

1,_.i.L

itf.DD.I. itfaDDalii

~!!~!

3. Welcome

Thanks (litemlly Welcome ~ in response) .

How are you?

Thank God. 1 am well. And you'?

! am good. Praise be 10 God ..

}

4. Peace be upo n you. Peace be u po [1 you,

t (Jjuafl)" !~.~~~fl ~L'/r~~l1 {/P(Jrow.:hillS sr.nJld1o"(/_r w" n Sruu,) {if t}{"'( Iple,)

5. Thanks .

You are welcome.

{

6. a. Please have your drink/food. Said by a host to his guest, asking himzher to drink something or start eating. b. Please, come in. Used to ask your guest to enter your apartment or house.

c. A polite form of saying "Here it is" when you hand in something to someone.

29

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h (jutes M ateri"

y.dlil !lil~.ullim L:;!II";,IIfr.3oi1d n-usru

DJ-oW~I"f~j ~ ~ ~4

Let's Talk About the Members of the Family

~iJ~' III ~id1J

o.\.;> ~

grandmother grandfather

khnal
J~
'j}bti maternal
... 1 ",I uncle
father mother
-amru
~
paternal
.t uncle
ibn [J~ btm ibll -arnm
oJ-!l .:...:... rO-oJ-!'
son daugluer cousin (m)
~ akh - uklu
ti ~f
brother sister 30

ir.:.tJ::J81:1

.oJL>. maternal aunt

-nsoma

.;.0...,. ~s!!s!!!!!!!~~~~,. paternal aunt

bint";)mm

~~ cousin (I)

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M atcrla

Study and repeal aloud each part of Hani 's house:

l1ugri. f1\:fii.Jha

~~~ living room

beet

~ House

bLll:L~:l:17_

j~L:i~

:r!:~

refrigerator

hammaam

~Lo.obathroom

nt')(1J)

~9- sink

:-':11:mlim

.....,~

steps

ma'lbakh

~

kitchen

kenaba

4.w.S sofa

kll~sli

.,...;S "chair

.\·Ilibb:l:lk

.!J4-oi.

window

Tvr',1

A..irb hallway

t .. rube ..... lil

;,~'~ table

3/

baanvuc 'L" 9-0" •

bH\htub

11I\\'~;'I]il

4''':; toilet

dnl:.ab ..,..:t,..

closet

siriir )-'...,.....

bed

·uDitnocm,

~~"""91 bedroom

Ein.cen:!

~ garden

Urheberrechtllch QeschDtztcs Malcrial

Exercise

Read the following sentences and vocabulary" then answer the questions below .

.• ".. J,'lt ...... UJI,I.>! JL..,S ._...;u.I . . ,t .... I.u...),:,.-o,),.s....;,,-ill1..<.2 . ..Lw!-!.,..-"!I, .,L....."..,...., ~~~, 1.;13 . . ......,Wl .u.,.J..l1 ...... WI JI.h.o w...., 4.

;:ti-:!

He visits

...... Wl Cairo

;1>1

I visit

.,."J,'lt

For the Ii rst time

~jj My wife

,:,.-o,:,,.s:..:.; consists of

"..oLlL<:.

My family

.u...) four

.1 ..... 1 individuals

..-i-!I

,Vly son

~

My daughter

w....,

We arrived

......,WI.u.,.LJ1 Last night

Questions

1. Is Hani Kamal visiting Cairo for the first time'!

2. How hig is Haul's family?

3. What is his daughter's "namc''?

4. When did they arrive in Cairo?

Grammar

name daughter son

A ~ at the end of a word represents "my."

When the word ends with a raa marbuu'Ia (iij, the taa rnarbuta changes 10 a taa (",J when adding a possessi ve pronoun.

My name ".......!

My daughter ,~ My son IT'"'!

My family My wife

family wife

ANSWERS

32

U rheberrcc htl lch gcsc h utztes M ate,i"

ARRIVAL

J~9

h:tJ.·I,b3il! i 1~1t'C1 ill fren?

, .. 4J....U1 ~Wu..

;)!oS ~ .

Where Will You Spend the Nighl?

Here are some bnsic word, (hat you will need while booking a room at a bote) in Egypt. The words describe the services and facilities you can expect to find. Learn these words through the coruex t of the d i alo gu c Y Oil wi II read late r,

~@ ~ '"
b~kiWIll uuD;~ fundu"
p~ 4.oi:>,1 .; ......
how much room hotel
l~l 1I ~
,
~'ih~il hnrtunanm
~ dLl.11J p!..i-
It) reserve ~~ bathroom
shower
~ khidm1ii-;I,:Jmr:;,r ~
-i~r .i...o_u.
mLtnlLllI, room service mudiirtej
r;~ ;'~.J.J>/J-!--
key adminisrraror tm) I (I)
m 11 I
.~fritJ.1u~l,; ·'llID.a~iI!3'1J1-I'iil :.I~:m~;::1
.!l~ J..!.".II~"""~l ~
window a room on the Nile elevator
.13 U rheberrec htl lch gesc h "Illes M a\eria mu w :3L3f~1 a l" ixti' bnnl

J~YI.i...OJi.~ receptionist

::JI-":r-d:uu.:l

,,'..u;.~f

Numbers

The numbers are essential if you Want 10 get by anywhere in the Arab world. [f you buy souvenirs in a shop in Cairo, for example, you need 1<) bargain. Go down to ha lf t he price as ked and even less. Do n 01 bu y from th e fl rst vendor Or shop. Survey the prices. [1. is also fun 10 go around and talk to people.

J f you buy handmade objects made by Bedouin WOmen in places like Saint Katherine, we recommend no bargaining but generosity and support.

Repeat the numbers I isred below .. Copy the numbers in the spaces supplied. Remember to move from right to left and frosn top to bottom.

testoor

J~~ passport

r

•• ~OO~

]10 O~ !rlOO£ ilOO4J 0008

~

COl'\'

NUMIlERIN ENGLISH

TRANSLITERATION

NUM[lER IN ARAIIIC

Sift

o

waanid

"itneen

~I

2

[alaaHl

3

4

klmmsn

5

sina

6

sab-a

7

tarnaanya

8

34

I.

9

10

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M a\cria

Read

The following are the numbers 1 through 10. TIley are in the right order in the first line, and scrambled in the second and third, Read them and try to associate the symbol with the number and the sound it stands for. Remember that Arabic is read from right to left.

( .. \l\.V.l.~.1.r.l.1 V,A.\,r.l_~.\.1.' .r r.ivv.r .e , 1.A.,..1

Read the following words. The individual letters thaI make up each word are shown in parentheses. Try [0 translate the words. Check the answers below. Copy [he words. Remember to read from right to left and top ro bottom, that all leuers connect to those preceding them, and lhal all except six connect to those following them, The letter I, found in the first two words, is a 000- connecting letter:

f:NGLISH
COPY TRANSI.ATlON
,:,L! (..,.1..,.) L
.:I~ (.:I 1 .,..,,:.) 2 .
..&.110,.. ( ... .Ii:" .. ) 3 .
4,,;,fi (0 ...... ' i) 4.
cu.&... (c I.:. ..... ) 5.
~It (. [" I ,) 6.
~ C .. .:J ... ) 7.
f'~ <f. I .. c;) 8.
j.o.;.i (, • .:"..i) 9.
~t.£.., 'c-s= 1 ..i .. ) 10. 35

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h utztes Iv! ate,;"

.a, 'ulIOa fi.-i!-fundu·
~C9\ d....w1JI~~9j
\l Ij
"'~ A Hotel Room
~ ~
I_.[i;"!iriihl mi!11'IY~ ~.'l:rnbi!.
.i..-.~ 4:!I_,.o 4-oJ
chest of drawers mirror lamp
~ , ~
hooD rL.iuTa slrllr
..... ~ .u.~ J'"~
sink towel bed
[I 0 8
[[~.dJ m~/ti],dd .. bnnyoo
.,;.. ~ ......... ~~
shower pillow bathtub
B ,
kunuba baab Iw~~]il
4.i.S ... Lo ..:.....II _
doo·r _""
sofa toilet 36

Urr~b rrechtll 11 g ,r,hiHz! "~\ r rial

Now, for some more adventures with the Kamal family as they chock into their hotel. Read the dialogue carefully and as many times us needed until you call answer the accompanying questions and are able to act out the dialogue.

HANI:

CLERK:

HAN!:

CLERK:

HAN!.:

CLERK:

HANI.:

CLERK:

HAN!:

CLERK:

HAN!:

CLERK:

Hello. (IiI. Peace be upon you) ..

Helin.

We reserved two roo m s ihrou gh the Internet.

Welcome. What is your last name, please?

Hani Kamal.

Hani Kamal. Am I right?

Yes.

Yes. Mr. Hani, we have your reservation. May I have your passport, please?

Here you are.

Gud willing, huw lung will yuu be staying with us?

About a week.

All right,

salaa mu f alec k urn ~plL...

<ulcckum is-s .. luum

p~l~

"ihnan hll,~~IZIlHit' uljteen <ala il.intcmet ~_"';lIl,...L<-~ILi~i..o..>!

uhlan wa suhlan biikum. ~ i:'inl '11C':;;f ilna min f.-LPlak .:J.1..Q.j~oiJJWI"""'l··~~j~1

knmaal

Jt...S

Haul Kamaal. tllisiP kida? !....s J-A . Jt....S",.-'1.b

'a)l\\':.I . .• ,.,1

'ujwu mismr hani. Hih haw. bi-' ismak mumkin it-basboor min raDlak .:.4.=).! ~ ............ I.b .......... ,,",1

. .aw:.;.Jo" ,_L,JI ~

ilr"DDul

.~!

. in ,~/nm ~ 'illru1.h ~ W"{j i i 11 ma ~.aau ~\ ~ add ' cell? '''-11 .... ul..o...o ,:,; .... :J.~.,tl ,w. ",j

hn waal i i . 11 sbu u'" E.,.....I_.JI~

37

U rhcberrec htl lch gesc h (jutes M ateri a

HANI:

CLERK:

HANI:

CLERK:

HANl:

CLERK:

HAN!:

CLERK:

HANI:

CLERK:

HANI:

CLERK;

Is breakfast included in the price of the room')

Unfortunately. no. However, we have an excellent coffee shop where you can have breakfast and dri n k lea and coffee as wei L

Excellent, does it offer fava beans (rool)?

a f coo rse, and taamya, I mea n falafel.

And the coffee, is it Turkish or American?

Both.

Excellent,

Your rooms are on the fourth floor. One of them overlooks the Nile. Hero arc you r keys.

Thank you. Could you len me where the elevator is, please?

Go straight uhead, and then tum right

Many thanks.

You're welcome; I'm at your service.

"ugru iruDi.lil ,odramlila il-fiT<lilr'~ ',L.b..;JI.u.ot...N 4.Qi'JI ........ i

la' lil-~m'Mlf.laakin -andinaa kufii ,~·',uhmum[;}:J7_, tj .... dartlfIarfllh wi- tL~"m:lb,~-Il[1ay wi-tuhwa kamaan.

jt..:...... ~,...:. yi<,,£ I..;....:..c iJ.s.l ........... ~ 't .~1..o.S .,.,g.i, ",w. ..""...w,....,; ~~ .......

mumtaaz .• biyi,tmil fuul? !Jt-i~.jt..:......

Tab-ann fuul wl l"'miya, falaalll y"'·nii. .,.......,.J..i'>l..i.~,J,..~

wll-anwa rurk .• j wallaa t amrikani? !",,~_""'I 'Jt,.s,. .H4JI,

il-~ifne-en U+'l'Jl

mumtaaz

jt..:......

. owaDkum fli ll-door lr-rraubr, w"ltd" rnlnnurn "aln-in-uiil. ilf"DD,,1 ilm"f"lii~ .

. J.l.II."J..<. r>-8-'-'> ....... 1, .~I.,JI J,.._II .... ~,I .,-""La..,JI~1

"~/mk_ra"_ fccn .il~·sall:s.ccr min faDlak? ~~<>-"...,.......L....'tI~.I_,.s::...l.

imshii "ala Tuul wi~ b;;fdcc[l '"lldkhul yimiin . . ~ J.;-.l.:>-!oU..!, J,Jo."J..<. .,.....:...!

..hukron gaziilan. )t.._;-l~

i'"afwann~ ttlht "nmrak ~,....1~1,.......

38

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h (jutes M ateri a

Exercise

After you have reviewed the dialogue, fi.1l in the spaces with the correct Arabic word.

Peace be upon you.

~ L

May I have your passport. please"

Go straight forward.thenturn right.

~J..>..1.:H"""'·················"""':""13.

Exercise

Add the missing letters in the following words .

I. Please.

... ~.:. ... I.

2. Thanks.

i.,.s ... 2.

3. Pence be upon. you.

4. All right

I'L.o ... 4. ,,1 .. 5.

5.lca.

6. coffee.

.,... ... 6.

7. fava beans.

. .. , .. ;7.

8. falafel.

......... ..b 8.

9. Turkish.

~ 9.

...u:...__...., lO.

10. American.

ANSWERs

1 ..... '51,...·01 'c's""6 '~'8 · ... r·L '~"9 ·~·~I'n~·" 'I~~'E '~I'Z '''"''!"'''"''''''r

. ·"..-,.,..,r·£ '~'Z'''''''''''I •

39

U rheberrec htl lch gcsc h (jutes Iv! aleri"

zyurit m.:f'mll'im ul-bulud

VISITING THE SIGHTS

il~b-nllEh 'an iT~T::lrii[I"~·:lI:.t l-qudamccn

~ LUI~. J.!l_b 'I ~ ~f

Finding YQur WllY QD FOOl

"JiQW do I get to ... ~"

"Where is the nearest subway?"

"Is the Egyptian Museum straight ahead'!"

You will be asking directions and gelling answers wherever you travel. Get to know rhc words and phrases thai wi II make gelling around easier. Study the new words and say them aloud several times. Make sure you understand them.

~~hil:;),ri L mLL~Lnl t

J","" ;';I •• i.! traffic Ii gb t

..

.J.himH.ilI

J~

to the left

yirnl!n

.~ .

to the right

rnudaun

~I~ square

Hani is U1king his family 10 the Egyptian Museum. He does DOl know exactly how to get there. The habit in Egypt is to ask a passerby, Egypt i an' are friendly and cheerful and would describe in detai I how to get there.

H owcvcr, it is rCCO m me ndcd that you ask two different people to be Sure of the accuracy of the description. You can also ask the traffic policeman JUSt as Han; does in the following dialogue.

40

.\;I)~ t21JCM'o DDr=JCJ

set.-

CJw, street

[3q,il.~TIr

~L..O..:i

intersection

.u:

_--'"--

I:'

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h "Illes M a\eriB

HANI: Please, how can I go 10 the Egyptian Museum?

POLICE OFFICER: You are now on Kasr il-Nil street. Go straight till il-Tahrir square.

Pass the traffic light. You will find the museum 10 your right.

HANl: Is there an intersection?

POLICE OFFICER: No.

HAN!: Thanks,

lnta fcen?

~ . 'f

.~w"

Where are you?

,t.U".J+!,'bC:CZ:l

ii~r,.,.:; _

table

Let us learn the words and phrases to describe locations.

behind ~rJ9 behind

41

min ["Dlak' izzaay aruuh il-rnathaf il· maSt;i ')

!~I~Ii:!Jllflj! . .!l.l..l:..i.,..

intn fij sl,aari" ~aSr in-niil, [nu!rii dughrii lihadd miidaan il-tahnir,

~~" """':"'I.J.,.:JI"...".. tJl.W ~.:..il .>'~t"I ....... .>.o.J

';;addi il-'is/ma.r3lilaa"ii il-mmhaf raja yimiinak.

~.,...L<- ~I""')l; o)l.W;tl >1.'>"<'

fl.il1 'ayy ,.aqa,"'? <~u;;.,s1 ......

,r/;(jKran

.i~

'uTT~

.i.b.i _

cat

~

on

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes M aletiB

t~hL

~

under

Exercise

Match the sentences with the pictures by copying each sentence under the corresponding picture.

~
I.
~
2,
~
3_
~
4.
~,
5 ANSWERS

42

U rheberrec htl lch geSG h utztes M atcria

I.;_~I imat muf ida

Useful Words ~~ .:.L.o.1S

Exercise

Pro nou n ce these Arabi c words and copy them 0 n the 1 i nes,

bank

~

bank _

'k.u~1rk: ..

~

kiosk _

SIJ":j].rl'"

CJL.J:.

street _

k.iilLi~

~

church _

clfnimu

~

movie, theater _

'",,-moly":]

04-> .....

c.ar _

(!f~~1I:ll i "

!-o4-

mosque _

rlln.+'mlI dLlll;J;I:L1l

J..-o

store _

S:lrd:lliyy~

~~

pharmacy _

43

Subject/Person Markers

Exercise

Write the Arabic equivalent 10 each of the following personal pronouns.

He She They

You (rn., sing.) You (L, sing.) You (plur.)

I

We

Go back to page 14 and c heck you r answers.

'i~Y';;"Jlll,Jn ....

L."'-9JI lS'jl

'--" .... iIO

How Can I Go ••• 1

SubjectIPc~son Markers on the Perfect and Imperfect Verbs (Hollow and Lame Verbs)

We learned in the introductory chapter the declension of the- vc-rb.,..s, which is called II sOIlI1d vcrb because it has no vowels. If a verb has a vowel in the middle, il is called II hollow verb, such as the verb ;::1,. If the verb has the vowel arthe end, it is called II lame verb, such as the verb~_ Let us do the declen s; on of both 110 II 0 w an d lame verbs.

mah

e'i

he went

SUBJECT/PERSON M,\RKERS ON THE PER~~ECT VERB (HOLLOW VERBS)

Hewent raah Cl,
She went raah-it ~I) '""
They went raah-uu I,.-IJ 1..-
You, m.s., went ruh-t ~, ..:...:.
You, f.s., went ruh-ti ~)
You,pl., went ruh-tu I~J .,__
I went ruh-t ~, .'
We went ruh -na ~, u, .:,.<1

.nl

ui

Notice that the vowelis dropped with YOI/,I, and we.

44

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h "Illes M ateri"

}"ifLl]J~

C!.>:! he goes

SUBJECfIPERSON MARKERS ONTm: IMPERH:CT VERD (.HOU .• ow VERnS)

He goes yiruuh CI.>; -_.
She goes, is going tiruuh C!>' - .....
They go yiruuhu !~I.>; l:g.~~
You, m.s. go tiruuh C!>' ~...:i
You, [s"go tiruuhi ...... ''" s-"'"
You, pl., go tiruuhu !~,>' 1,- .....
Igo aruua 0,1 -)
We go niruuh C, .... - ..... ~I

~I

1,;1

huku

~

he told

L:...!

SIJBJECTIPER.'iON MARKERS ON THE PERFECT VERII (I.AME Vt:RBS)

He told hak-a .~ t'"
She told hak-it .:.s:s. ..:... ......
They told hak-uu I~ I,.. ~
You. rn.s., told bak-ec-t ~ ..:...:. ~1
You. f.s., told bak-cc-ti ~ - .. ~1
You. pl.c told hak-cc-ru ~ ~ ~I
Itold hak-ce-t ~ ,..:..!, 1.>1
WClold hak-ec-na ~ I..i... L:...! Notice thai the vowel changes into.~ with YOII.I. and ,m. yiltJ..i

~

lie tells

SIJDJECfIPERSON MARKERS ON THE IMPERFECT VERR (tAME VERns)

He tells yihki .,.s...., <$--'. t'"
She tell s, is tell ing tihki _..L..l. .r"'" ......
They tell yihkuu I~ I, ~-:! ~
You, m.s., tell lihki _..L..l <$'''''' ":"';1
You, f.s .. tell tihki _..L..l. s·"'" .:.jl
You, pl., tell tihkuu t,_L..l 1,·....; ~I
I tell abki ~) 1.-1 III
WelcH nibki ~ <$-':' ...... 1
45 U rheberrec htl lch gC5C h utztes IvI a\cri" Hani and Muna are going to visit the pyramids in Giza, The following is a shari conversation between them regarding which means [If transportation they will lake.

HAN!:

I would like to see tile pyramids.

ana "'"aiiyjZ ~ru"Juuf il~ahrilam ·fl ...... 'tI .... '"""ij.;L:.Wl

MUNA:

Me 100,

wunn kamnun ~L..SL!i!

HAN]:

Let's lake a taxi.

T~)'yib ),"11" nirkab taksi, . ..,.......sL!.,..s,...'llIl;..,..,..b

MUNA:

No, taxis are experts; ve, LeI'S take the. subway 10 Giza. Then, from there we'll ride a bus,

III~ il-tuksi ghalil, naakhud rnltru ll-anfaa lil-giiza •• _;..,..,.JJ JL£J'tI.!~'>'>L!. ,,,..JL:. _...sWI.'t wl-rnin hinaak nirkab ~lImliii.s: • ,,,....,.,.,.l..,.s,...::)ll..o,:,..,

HANl:

Good idea.

flkm kUI",yyis,". . .........,~ ._,s.;

46

(in lire subway)

HAN!:

CLERK:

HAN!:

CLERK:.

(in tile bus)

HAN!:

CONDUCTOR:

HANl:

CONDUCTOR:

HAN.!:

CONDUCTOR:

HANI:

How much is the ticket 10 Giza, please? .

Two pounds.

Here am four pounds for two tickets.

Thank you, here are the tickets.

How much is the ticket to (he pyramids. please"

Fifty piasters.

We'd like to get off at the pyramids and sphinx stop.

I will tell you when we gCI there.

Many thanks.

An: you Egyptian or American?

I'm American with Egyplian origin.

47

Iii. mitru il.·anraa"' jL&;'VI .,... -r'

blkam it-tazkarn IiI·Gi1,1 min r.Dlok ? '.:JJ.,;,j.:,..o .~ • .,s,W1 ~

imeen ginceh. ~,~I

itfaDDIII. arbasa gineeh lj-I_alkart e -e!l . . ,:&;.S.us ~ ...... ) .~I

""ukran. ;tr"DD"1 ll-tazaaktr .. . .,sl.usf ~1.i.,.L:.

fii'·ir·~ulub,jis,

~'v!~

bikam u-iazk •• r~! lil- 'uharaam min 1"Dlak'!

,.:.lJ..io.j.:,..o .. I"";~ • .,s.usl ~

bi-k harnsi in . i rslo. . .,lo ..... ~

~ayziln ninzil sand il-tahraarn wi-nbu-il-heol.

.JJoo8.II ~19 .. I>,>':il..l.i.<; Jj.oJ ':"'..>it..,

hn- 'ulluk lamma niwSat ·J-to Ll.!lJ J,.. t...

S"ukran g"~;;lan . . lL_;... i.,.L:.

i ntu maS ri i walla ~ muri i k i i '~ <.,.s.. .... 1 Y, "",..,.".:..il

auaa ~ilrnriLli,fl mtn "aSI lllilSrii . . "",..,." J-I.;ro .r:-_,..,1 \,;1

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h utztes M ateri"

Exercise

Match the Arabic words with their English equivalents:

9. ..,L.:. j" fifty piaster I. o_HLL
10. .;,.o.,.,L.:. j, a ticket 2. ~~I
11. J,.. k. tickets 3 . ......,.,,1
12. Jj.l.l l. We want 4. ,..rli.
13. • ....s .... m. Egyptian 5. ~....s ...
14 . ....sr ... II. (We) get into (a bus) 6. JH1I!H1
15. .;.~~ o. 10 gel off 7. pl,..~1
16. ;$~ p, I want (s.m.) 8. .,...s-~1 The- RIC lutivc _.i\djL'1.:1 i VI.!'

~_",...ol'i91S~

- Egyplilln or American

a. bus

b. the pyramids

c. American

d. I want (s.f.) c. 10 see (I)

f'. two lie kcts

g. sphinx

h. cosily

The relative adjective is formed by adding the suffix 0$ for the masculine and "-! for the feminine to tbe noun, as shown in the table below,

Mi\Sl:lJUNI:: fE~IININ.;
~ ;$"""" ... _,...,.. Egyptian Egypt
LL_,..1 ~_,..1 ~1 American America
• !J-<'
..,.,_....II "..,.,.... ~~ Swedish Sweden
..4 ~ .i..,.J.;...., mountainous mountain ANSWERS

48

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h utztes M ateri a

Useful Phrases and Questions

Here nrc some phrases to help you commun icate with bus drivers or bus conductors or people wailing III a bus stop,

il- "utubiis da biyruuh il-'aharaam? ',.,I~'il C'- "~l-''il

bi-karn il-tazkara? ;o..,s';"';I,._s.,

Does litis bus go to the pyram ids?

How much is the ticket?

arkab "utubiis kaam li-maSr il-' adiima '? ;"-'>.!....uI.,....,..._, .. LS~l-'l.,..s)l

What is the number of the bus going to Mas< il-adirna (area of Coptic Cairo)'

feen mawaf" utubiisaat shann ssh-sheekh wi dahab wi nweba;~,.,....,,~If'~.:.~,..l...i..i'_"~

Where is lite bus station of Sharm il· Sheikh and Dnhab and Nweba?

il··ulubiis mukayyaf wallu la' ? !'lnt'~~l-'~I

Is tile bus air-conditloned or not?

It is recommended 10 agree on the fare with any taxi driver before you ride in the taxi. Here is a potential bargaining dialogue with a taxi driver. Be con fj dent and try to read wi 1 ho U I trans I i tcrati on.

YOU:

TAXI DRIVER:

YOU:

TAXI DRIVER:

YOU:

TAXI DRiVER:

YOU:

Peace be II pon you. And upon you.

How m uc It do you charge f rem Rn rns i s 10 A bass la? I wa III 10 go to the Sharm ; l-Sheikh station.

Only thirty pounds,

No, that is too much. Twenty is enough.

This is nOI fair. (II does nOI work for mc.) Make it twenty-five.

OK. COUnt on God. LeI us go.

49

~p"ILw.J1 p"ILw.Jl~

; ....... 4-ill ............. , ,:,..0 pLS .;,;.1;; .~I .. ,..,1"""!-"C!,1;.,t.<.

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M a\eria

Negation in Egyptian Arabic

Verbs are generally negated in Egyptian Arabic by inserting w, before the verb to be negated and';' _.11 at it. end:

I did not" sleep well in the hotel. j....,;J1 ~......,,.s,;,,,,,,;w, til They said, "we don't kJ1Ow." J..O".-.; w, I,_JU

Non-verbal clements (nouns, adjectives, prepositional phrases) arc negated by inserting.;..." before the noun, adjective, or prepositional phrase:

Their apartment is not far .~.;... ~

Alexandria is 001 the capital or EgypL ........ .......,L4.;.... .... _,.,..;..S....fl But I am not from Cairn, .~WI v-o . .;..." L;) ~

The main exceptions to these rules are the high-frequency words: ...:.t:.'·to have," ~L4 "to want," ~"with" as a preposition and in the sense of"/() have," and...._; "there is, there are." These words are not verbal but follow the verbal negation pattern. i.e., by usingi, and';'.

I don't have a big house.,..,...s ~":"...:.t:.L..o

I do not have money. Lo ,"",~~La.. or tLi......,La..

There is no airport in Tanta. l.Io.,o.b or' Ju:"'O L..o

She doesn't want \0 go. (!,>l i~L4';"'"

50

U rhcberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M ate,i a

La_5.:br

~~

Remember

NEGATIVE

AFFIRMATIVE

rnil<'lUluiish ..,:., ...... d ...

I do not have

fundi ~~ I have

maiii,;,ill ~Lo The re i shue not

nma'k.iJnS'1 fi ih ...,JuWi.S Lo

There was not/were n ot

mam'"aayyish ~lL41.4

I do not have

Exercise

Negate (he following sentences.

1. ..~~

2. .",,';"; ~L.s..c

3. .,............_"LL4...J~.l1l

4. .L.J....o.1..,..>,u... ......

5. .o;bL..l.Jt.;,.o ui

ANSWERS

tiih ......

Til ere ioJ",,,

kaan fiih ...,.J"i.S There w~sl were

ma'aaya 4lL4

I have

i~ ......,""lm"',., . .,....,... ...,,'I""''''''''·t 'J~"'>'"'""l''''''''~'-T'''=¥"'''''f"'"1'''':''''''''-('~'''''''''"'''''1

51

Urbeberrechtllch 9 .schutztos Maleria

6

You already studied the numbers from one to ten in Chapter 3. Review them again. Then read the grammatical notes following them.

TRANSLITERATION NUMBER IN ARABIC
Sifr _,...;....,
waanid ...... Ij
"itnecn . ·"t
~
talaata .;J)G r
arbasa ....... ) t
kham,a ~ 0
sitta ........
sab-a .u..,..... V
ramaanya .t,.JW "
lisea o.......w
c-ru:hara .Q~ \. More on Numbers

As was pointed out, a noun in Arabic can be singular. dual. or plural, and an adjective can be singular or plural. The following are a few basic observations about the dual and the plural.

The Dual

The dual is expressed by attach ing the suffix.., (een) to the noun. If the noun ends in .l..loi-'.J".LI,~I, then the I of lao marbuu'Iaa is pronounced when the dual suffix is added.

52

U rheberrec htl lch g 5C h utztes M aterla

SINGULAR I)UAL
kuaab iii l; i tuabccn 1Iil.
.... US ~US
,,(o~el book IWO books
'I
,I t I t t
Tanuba
4.....llh , Tuubbutccn
a (one) ~u..
I 111'0 female
female students
student
, The Plural

Nouns and adjectives are plural ized in a variety of ways, but for the most part they follow general patterns. At this stage, try to remember the plurals of individual nouns as they arc introduced; you will develop a feel for the plural patterns later.

The following rule, concerning numbers are particularly important to remember at this stage because they involve frequently used constructions and because they might be counterintuiti ve to speakers of other languages.

For the numbers 3-10, the plural form of'the noun is used and the noun follows the number. (Note that the ,u,<j-'_,.LI.WI of the number is dropped before the noun.)

Three books ..,...s..!o~ talaat kutub
Four books ..,...s~) arbas kutub
Ten books ..,...s_,...l..<. "ru1mr kutub
Three pages ,;.l.>,..;...o.!.)l; talaat S afbaut
Seven pa£es ,;.l.>,..;...o~ saba" S afbaat
Ten pages .:.~_,...l..<. 'asllnr Safhaat Notice that the "limbers have two forms in Egyptian Arabic. one with the ~ ,1> and one without. .i.b<j-'__,.l.1 ,~t is dropped when a noun follows the number: ...... ) "four" but...J.S .!:') "four books."

53

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes M atcriB

al-urqaamm!n tlid~it!,I'iU i!;) tulatiin

30 ~I 11 u-o ~L.iJ~1

Numbers from 11 to 30

Repeat the numbers listed below. Copy the numbers in the spaces supplied, Remember to move from right to left and from lOp to bottom,

II ~I ....... hida:u'imr
rr _,..:,t.;;1 itnaasnar
I~ _"':'L.~ !alaala,~\'hur
II _,..:,t.;.....) arha''inshar
14 _,..:,~ khnmasraasnar
11 _"':'ll... sill a:u-h ar
IY _,..:,~ saba.'lUshar
I~ _"':'Lo>W lamamaas/mr
1~ _,..:,~ lisa Ctaus}mr
r . ... _...:..... 'ishriin
II ..J.-I'~~.-.I, waa-h id w"'ishriin
II ~~,~I itnain \'vi-I:ishriin
Tr ""_...:.....!,~~ talaata wi-'·i.lirriin
TI ~~,.u...) arba-a \""i-~isltriin
To .).J~!}~ Kkams.a wj.t"ishriin
T1 ~~~~ Siua wi-'i s hriin
Tv ~~9'~ satf~~ wi--=jshriin
TA ~~~lAJ tamaanya wi-'isllfiin
T~ ~~,~ tis{'a wl·'~iJhriin
1", :,.J~ talaatiin de yen books

For the numbers II and above, the singular form of the "OUIlS is used,

twenty books

a thousand books

hidmtl1mr kitaab

'i.,/"i ,i n k i taab

alf kitaab

fi tteen pages

khamas taa,/mr S afha

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h (jutes M ateri"

a mllllon pages

milyoon Safha

54

kailm

~LS

How Many?

After fLS "how many," only the singular form of the noun is used:

How many boys (children) do you have? '.!l ........ .oJ, ~LS How many rooms are in your house?'~ ,.il,w"l pLS

How many brothers and sisters do you have? !.!l ........ ~I! tl ~LS ~ LS is wri uen as roS in MSA and is p ronou need kam.

Sound and Broken Plurals

Plurals are of IWO main types in Arabic: sound and broken.

Sound Pillrais

Sound plurals arc of two types, 100: masculine and/emillitle. Masculine sound plurals arc formed from nouns of masculine gender by adding the suffix", (iin) to the noun.

Teacher-teachers ~-~

Christian-Christians .............. -~

Muslim-Muslims ,.,_L....-~

Feminine sound plurals are formed from nouns offeminine gender, generally ending ill ,u,!-'_I-U.WI by adding the suffix ~I aot to the noun and dropping ,u,!-'_,.LI <WI.

Teacher-teachers ~-.:o~

Student - students .wu,,- .:.wu"

Page-pages ~-",G....i..o

Some nouns that have a feminine sound plural do not have ,u,,...r!I,WI, us in)lb.. "airport," which is pluralized as .:.!)lb...

Broken Plurals

These plurals are formed by changing the vowels of the word; the consonants are usually not affected. Think of the English words guos~·8t!eS(!,.foof·feet, WOmallaWOmell. The lise of the terms SOl/lid and broken to refer to plurals might be misleading, since it might suggest that sound plurals involve the majority of nouns, This is not the case, however. Broken plurals arc at least as common as sound plumb and involve the most C0l1111101l1ypeS of nouns.

55

Urhcbcrrechtlich geschOlzl s tateria

Broken plurals follow patterns, some of which are more widespread than others. Some of the more common types are represented by the following five groups:

r,

door/doors

Learn the numbers 10 10100 and copy them in the spaces supplied. Remember 10 move from right to len and from top 10 bouom.

office/offices

restau ran t/restau r~I1IS

ki I che nlk i tche» s

2.

month/months

house/houses

3.

shop/shops

I·

~asham

4.

book/books

city/cities

5.

boy/boys

[.

~ishriin

t·

talantiin

£ .

~ .

,.

arbi-iin

khamsiin

v·

II·

~.

56

tarnaniin

ussiin

rniya

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes M ateri"

~:l;a~L

.... L.... hour

is -san ~ kaam d il wa' tii1

!~~,) pLS' "L.wJr What Time Is It Now?

dt~ii~:t 4..i..i;a minute

.s.;3~I],)'~

4....i1.!i sedond

Now you are ready to stan telling lime. Look at the docks below and respond to the questions that follow. Cn eck the answers a I the bott om of I he pa gc,

is-saa 'a kaarn Iii bikkiin?

issaa-a kaarn fii New York?

i s-saa-a kaam Ii i bani s?

'~""' .. IS ..... t.....J1 J.

What time is it in Beijing?

~.j,g.;"';""' .. 1S .L::t.....J1 2.

Whm lime is it in New York?

'.,...._,4 ....... 1S .L::t.....J13.

What lime is it in Paris?

ANSWERS

Ul1'!tM\ U,UU. S-S! 11""'1"'"!" ;I ...... ! I·'!:>op,o ] '! II ·C

eAuulUUl u,uus-s! 11""'1"'"!":"1r'"? ·,!;)()]J,O 8 S! 11·;::

1I,S11 G,BBS-S! 1[""'1"",...-.-y ·,!~01~,0 6 sl 11·1

57

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h "Illes M a\eriB

What time 'is it now please?

USEFUL WORI)S AND EXPRESSIONS

quaner of an hour

is-saa'a kaarn dilwatii min faDl'ak ~ '.:..I..I...i:..;,.o ........ gJ.pLS uL...Jt

nlb~ saa-a u ...... C'-'

halfun hour

""S5.,nO"" u ...... .,.,_;

q u arter past fi ve

khamsa '~'" i~ rub" C'_., ............. '

quarter to fi ve

khnmsu ~ill,f1 . .i:[~ rubC'_.lI! ..............

I

one third of an hour (20 minutes)

(!) 4. ®
It·s 7:55
@) 5. 0
[t', 8:05
(j) 6. ®
It's JO:40 Exercise

I.

Irs 12:15

2.

Irs 12:45

3.

It's 6:30

ttl. ~m;l~a "" ...... .!Jj

Ir"'1'1' -e-r I'l"" i.R rn'9 '1r"l""!'!'"1"1"~ '0:;

'Ir"l"'!" Mf:- i.: ..."........ '17 'Ir"l""!' ""'"!'"!" 'r'""""S '1r"l"7 'I~~ i.<:''':< 'Z'Ir"""l7"!' In'l"",r..:< '1

ANSWERS

58

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M atcrla

knnm

.... ,.u: .

How Many?

Exercise

Answer the following questions in English.

I. ~4 .. c.l ... ...J1 ~~, fts
2. ~~I~.i.Lt.....fl.5"
3. ~ tt+w'lll ,.. f,.., fl.5"
4. '~I ~ tt+w\ fl.5"
5 !............rl ...... ~fts
6. '............rJ~",..,/'ts
7. '............rI~t~\flS Exercise

Translate the following sentences into English.

l.

.~12............r1~ .~J,l,.,1..:..;

2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

,.,1_,.....i~ •• ~1 .~ ....... !".............,

.",.., 29 ,I 28 ....... ,.,I_,.....i 'f',..,31,.,1..:..;~

ANSWERS I

'S~BP I £ sol{ AJ1!nuuf '9 'SAllp 6Z 10 liZ, SC4 Amnlq~.:I·)" 'l[lUOIU Isu1 0111 S! l~qWJJ~a '17 ·,<'laruq~d sll[luOW S!'I.1."£ "puow ISJ!) ~l[l S! AJrnull£ 'z "41UOW Z I 'HI{ JH"" V'j

lS'L 'S9£'9 '1I'~ 't·v 'L i£ 't"Z'Z '09'1

59

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes Iv! ateri"

The Ordinal Numbers
"aw-will
Jgl First
taanii • e Second
.... ~.
taalit ~O C§~@ Third
.!.J~
raabi- 7/0 (D~ Fourth
~IJ 0
khaarnis ~OO~ Firtb
<J"-"L>
snadis
.... uL..... ~@O ttJ Six
saabi=
~L..... 00 08 Seventh
t;~ll'1 Eight.h
taasi" Nimh
!-""O
'nashir
.,...i.L::. Tenth Here you have numbers from 100 to 3000. Read them aloud. Copy the numbers in the spaces supplied. Remember 10 move from right 10 left and from lOp 10 bottom.

j ..

mi-yya

r··

miteen

T· .

tultumiyya

1- .

~, .

khurnsumiyya

, ..

siuumiyya

v· .

sub'umiyya

A- •

~ ..

I···

r···

T·· .

...4..11

."......1

60

'alf

'allcen

ta I aatalaaf

U rheberrec htl ich gosc h utztes M alcria

I .s, n ol-qiT,,,

/, .\\;L.b.LJf..,.J

\(9, On the Tratii

ur-rih I ~I • i In ;~J- - iskumlari ~·~IU

~..J I ; $' "']I' ~, ~;J'

The Trip to Alexandria

Hartl's family decided to visit. Alexandria, They lire taki ng the train from the central train station imaitattt: maSr) at Ramsis square (mi idaan rarnsiis) in downtown Cairo. Listen 10 the dialogue first, then study (he vocabulary that follows.

HANI:

Where is the ticket window please?

fccn _~Jribba,[3k u-tazaakir min fnD!aJ.:? ~~.J-O...s·I.l...;..II.:.J4->1 ~

STRANGER: (Pointing at the window) There it "nhuh

is, ~I

HANI:

When will the first train (0 Ale xandri a de part?

min f"Dlok' irnm na.yiTI",·-'awwill "aTr

ll-iski ndiriyya? ~

~';_'..J....;..L..,f!_...b.jJ,I~I..>.......,! '1(",.""

61

U rheberrec htl ich g"sc h utztes M a\eria

TICKET CLERK:

HANI:

TICKET CLERK:

HANI:

TICKET CLERK:

HANI:

TICKET CLERK:

HANI:

TICKET CLERK:

HAM:

TICKET CLERK:

The French train will depart after half an hour,

Can I have four tickets please?

Round-nip tickets?

Yes. How much please?

First class?

Yes, and air-conditioned and seats next to the window, please.

Here are the tickets, Two hundred pou nds, p lea se,

Whm is, the track number please?

Track number five. Car number six,

Thanks.

You're welcome. Have a nice trip.

il-' a'Fr H~f:.mnsaawij Taali~ kamaan nuSS :;aa~a. . ..i.c.t......,...; "LoS~l.b\uluu....u1 _,.kW1

murnkia arbat' tazaakir min faDlak7 ·.!l.I...>..i""".sl,l.l~)~

rimy.ih gnn~'] !<$4-~IJ

. aywn. b.i k am mi 11 faD lak? ~.!l.I...>..i",,~ .• ,.,1

~",a~" 'utilo'/ . .,.l,I-4-)'

"aywa wi muka .. )'yafil wil-keraasi ganb ish· "/riho.,k,,

. .:J4-Wt ~.,.....I).~.Jl, .~j .!Hi

itfilDD.a1 il-raznoklr, mitecn gincch min faDlak. . .!l.I...>..i"" ~ 200 .".sI.;..:.It~,

filSiif r.ul:lrn kanm min faDlak·: ~.!l.I...>..i"",o1S ~) ........... )

raSiif raqam knamsa. =arnbiya raqam sjnn, ~~~J~~.~ra-iJ~J

""uk,,," .

.i.,L!.

tafwan. rihla sasiida . . o ........... .u...) .1,..;..0

62

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h (jutes M ateri"

VOCABULARY

h:!-yiTI.a~ ~LbI~LA will depart

rJ;lyilt~lL:Ly

.;40 C!-!'J round-trip

darnSd "uulu

.,.,,1 ~J' fir,t class

.i".bba:3K

.:1~ the window

mSiif ~J track/p latf orm

QUESTION WORDS

bl-kam

,o~

how much

locll

~

why

',,'rr

~

train

nnunkjn

~

Is it possible"

tnzaakir

~I"" tickets

karansii

,!,,"",I~

seats

il-hisunb ..,.t.......-ll the cost

rihla sa'iida o~4..i-J Have a nice {rip.

fcen

~

where

63

"lIr:;1bir)'j,',lTr

.,Ja.i ~.J"'

car

"lrrun

~!

when

kamnnn

"'-lI.!·,jW after

tazkam

;;~.l.:i ticket

mukayyafu

~

air-conditioned

uma

~!

when

'ech

4.:!! what

U rheberrec htlich gosc h utztes Iv! al<:ria

Prepositions Followed by Lo I~L~bl Lo oU..!9

Prepositions arc generally followed by nouns ~IJ..O before noon,;+WI.>.S.! afternoon), In cases where a verb follows instead of the noun, the particle Lo isinserted between the preposition and the verb:

t,...c,1 Lo....." and after they rested,

In such cases Lo docs not add to the meaning of the preposition, s0.>.S.! and Lo.>.S.! mean exactly the same thing. Other words (prepositions and nouns functioning like prepositions) that behave in a similar way and that you will encounter in this book are,sj "such as, like, as," J.,.i "before," J;I "firstvor vat (he beginning," J .•. (,instcad." ~ "without," and Ji.o "Iike, as,"

Exercise

Rearrange the following words to make a meaningful sentence.

",4-- .>;L.:.-c-;Ir i"s.;.,; I. --------------

'.:U...<..i-fi£<- .... 2. _

\ .. --'">1- ....... - F-LA-J.I 3, _

ANSWERS

64

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h utztes Mate,;"

,j l-q n m.~11 W -;11-(1 i W:l1

J9~19 .,:,IJl..AJr

Continen IS and Co U 11 I r i es

i-c-=--=------+-------+--'----+----J:

"alriqyu Arnell D:lS'Ii;! Asia
~.."...il ~j
'umrtlka America ~~m~"I~a Australia
u:... ..... l WI· r
.~
"umriika i.J'r·-,lj.1.lll~;)l1~"\".;J] Nonh America • :lind ikn il- ;;>Ilnl u"i~ J::I~ South America
~~r u:..._;';1 4;~Jlu:... ..... 1
"urubbu Europe 'ulehanlsmrm Afghanistan
4l1,1 i.JLo......;Lij)
rn-mmsa Austria 'ulmanya Germany
L....w.iJr 4"wr
bium:,~ Belgium al-lll.iJ,go-lr Hungary
~ ~l
iI~'D.ai;:Jili"jil Brazil ll-hlnd India
J.>jl~1 .>..i.,§J1
knnadn Canada 'iiman Iran
I....;.S i.J1):!J
is-Siill China uyurlundu Ireland
~I ,I...oJ):!1
~ingi!l.inm England ·i~m:!·ii! Israel
F~I ~l f
r""'.
n;toonY'~ Estonia ·iT~~ly,:J. ltaly
W· I I.:.IL,~!
.,......,
fmlunda Finland il.ynnbaan Japan
r....oW i.J44JJ
farnusa France nl;.;}lih~·'1 Malaysia
L.w.i~ L._j..;.JL4
l'l~l1~lIocd_'t'a Mongolia 'nsbaanvu Spain
4J~ ..... ~l
ln-nurwljg Norway I ls-slwllu Sweden
~,_,..;Jl ",,:!,.....,r(
lmulundn Poland swllsra Switzerland
(...oJ I~t-""'
,...
it, ... <b!LI:1Ull,l'1illJl Portugal ILlI'k.i},:J:.I Turkey
Jf.&j~( 14S ....
'iilauJi1Ild.a SC0111llld al-wilaayuut al-muuuhida United Stares
l~l i>~(.::.L.'t~( 65

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes Materia

Where are you from?

What is your nationality?

[am American,

I am Egyptian.

i!-giIlSiy)"I~~

u'li";+" N atlnnalities

~ i nta 1111 ucen? \~..;..jl

"eeh gcnsiyyitak? ~~~!

• ann "amriiki i. ,r..j.4! Li 1

'ana maSrii, -!~Lil

Remember

In Chapter 5 we studied the relati ve adjective. Inthe relati I'C adjective, adding a.s to the noun changes it into a masculine udjecti ve, whereas adding a a, change. it into a feminine adjective.

FLAGS

ana magan -!~Lil

'una "usturaali .,.-l'_"""" Lil

"ana ruusi ."..,91 ,ul

'ana' alrnaani .,_,Jwlul

• ana buriughaaf .,...'~HLil

"ana hindi ~~ul

I am Australian .

I am Russian,

ram German .

J am Portuguese .

I am Indian.

66

'ana kanadi 00
'i~jjj I am Canadian.
'ana Siini ~j
~1.,;1 I mil eh i nese.
'ana "ayarlandi iJJ
<l~~lul I am Irish.
'ana'ingiliizi n
'i~I1.,;i I am English.
'ana'iiTaah Dl\
~Ua.ol ul I am Italian.
o -,
"anaisra'Iili ~
~t.,....ILil I am Israeli.
., ana filasTiini C
*! , - b ... Ii ul I am Palestinian,
'ana finlandi 8
<! ........... Lil I am Finnish.
ana firinsi ®
~~1.,;) I am French.
" una "asbauni
..... ~ILil [am Spanish .
'ana huulandi ...
~~9-!uj I am Polish,
anaarnriiki fi
,r:.,....o11.,;1 I am American.
67 Jr"obnrmdlill .h eSL1'lJtzf 8 "-lalr.riai · ana b-aikallim

~4UI

I Speak

Exercise

Read and guess the langu age spa ken in eac h sentence,

t. 2. 3. 4, 5. 6. 7.

.~I,c.W~ul .",,411 ,..w~ ul

- ... ,t....;".,..w~ wI ."""...1 ,,..J.Sl~ ul '<r"',,~ul _""_~Lll .",,4~,..J.Sl~LI

The Prefix b~4ul

The prefix b- is attached to imperfect verbs in Egyptian Arabic when these verbs are not preceded by another verb:

He plays, is playing He likes 10 play

Note also that in place of the English infinitive Arabic uses fully conjugated verb forms (without L):

He likes 10 travel. (He likes he travels.) _,.j~ .. , ..... ,+

She likes to eat out. (She likes she eats.i.)

ANSWERS

'asatmduf lfU;,d!l T 'L 'asaulll::nll;,ds r'9 -lle!SSn~ ~ll00S I 'S;

- qS!ll ed S '~ll00S I - ~ - q ou ;}.I'd llUooS I - f . UUUIlJD~uJds I 'r; . u s nilllJ li,1!;,ds _[ 'I

68

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h utztes M ateri a

Ll~'tj):1bmil·"::tro.bt

~~Iro-'WI

The Arab World

Now lei's look: at the Arab world and Jearn how 10 say the names ofcontinents and different Arab countries.

Syria surya Africa 'afriqyf,
L.J'_" 4A->_,JI
Lebanon libnaan Egypt muSr
.l.W J"">A
IJ.
Palestine filasTIin Sudan is-suudaan
~ "I.,_...JI
Jordan il",:dUIl Libya liibya
"~J 1 ~
Iraq i~~~jr.:J.a~ Tunisia tuunls
dl~l ~'"'
Kuwait il-qweet Algeria ,1 'p'azaa' iIT
~t-S-I! _,.l~l
Saudi Arabia i_s.sU'uudipa Morocco il-maghrib
",,:!.~ ..,.~I
Bahrain il-bahreen Asia "aasya
V'~, 40-1
United Arab Emirates il· "imaraat Qatar qa'Iar
.:.IJu,1! ..w
Yemen il-yarnan Oman -umaan
~I "u,..
69 Urrdmrraoilill 1 g sr,hiH,,1 5 ~\ r ria! it-gjosiYY,~lt I-j il-'aalam il-"':lri.lbi

o,r'joSJl ~L&JI..,.i .;:,1 _ !!!. '!' II

• Nationalities in the Arab World

I'm Syrian. ana suuri !'m Egyptian. · ana maSriyya
'iJ,...,Ul ...,~u!
]' m Le banesc, 'ana libnaani I'm Sudanese. • ana suudaaniyya
·t.;..JU! ~I~,...,U!
or·
I'm Palestinian. 'ana fi las'Tiini I'm Libyan. 'ana liibiyya
~ . h"di.Ul ~ui
I'm Jordanian. • ana ;urduni I'm Tunisian. ana tuunisiyya
.,_....~;1 ul ~ .. u!
I'm Iraqi. • ana 'iraaqi I'm Algerian. 'ana ga7 .. aairiyya
~I-,""ul ""~J~ ... 1
I'm Kuwaiti. 'ana kweeti I'm Moroccan. • ana maghriblyya
~,.sLiI ~~ul
I'm Saudi. • ana su-u ud i I'm from Yemen. ana yarnaniyya
'i.~ u 1 ~ljl
I'm from Bahrain. • an a bahreen i I'm Omani. "una 'umaaniyya
~~ui ~~ul
I'm Qatari, "una qn'Iuri I'm from the United "ana min il~'"jmaardat
<#,JaJ ul Arab Emi rates. .:.IJLo~1 u-o u 1 Exercise

What is the difference between the nationalities on the right side of the page and those on the left side?

ANSWERS

'UUOJ ~u!ln"sJlW ~1(1 Ul rue 1J~1 ;)1(1 uo ;)SOIlI ~L1q", -(oewoII'/IJl·g) uUl1dAii'3 un w,J -n,ulJsnUi non. "ii"~ 'UlJOj ;)U1U1WJj :Jill ut run lqii'!J:l1(1 uo SJ!I!jBUOllUN

70

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h (jutes M ateri"

If you can drive in Cairo, you can drive anywhere in the world I Egypti arts do not follow the rules of the rood all too strictly. and somcri mes d ri vcrs cut you 0 rf without warning or signaling. Drivers may honk their horns for no reason. It is not recommended for the Iuint-nf-heart to drive in Cairo.

Hani is brave enough and decided to rent a car and take his family for u trip to Fayoum, Fayourn is a wonderful part of the Egy pti an cou ntry side and 0 ne Q f I he be 51 p laces for bi rd watch crs, It h as man y important. wetlands that act as a refuge [or migratory birds coming from Europe. Han; is now at (he rental office.

HANI:

Good morning. t would like to rent a car, please.

CAR AGENT:

Snbaah il-kheer, c[J..[[yiz. ~a~'i:l,gg8r""nrdhiyyrt min f,Dlak.

..:.u_..;,__; .:r.o ..... .r< _R.1l.>;l.<. . ~I tt,..>

Welcome. A typical car Or a fourwheel-drive')

. nhlan bilk . .:",j]rabiYYil w.i.lll;1 roor bnay foor? ~,~",t,,~ 119 ..... .r< . .!:4! i..i

HANI:

I'd like the lour-wheel-drive.

CAR AGENT:

I have an excellent one for 400 pounds a day.

HAN!:

OK.

CAR AGENT: You speak Arabic well.

roar buay fO'-}T_ .,,_.i._st,,,_.i

-andi foor bay fOOT rnumtaaza bi-rub'miit g i neeh Ii ll ~ yoom,

~~ ............. "" .;t..:.o...,,_.i ~L,,_.i._s~ . I',..,J I

rna .. uhii

.~Lo

'int.1 bl-rltkalllrn-nrabil k!lW~lyyis" .o.>'"!..s ..... .r<~.:....il

71

U rl eborrec h II lc h .iesc h [,Ides M il'~ri~

HANI:

CAR AOENT:

HANI:

CAR AOE1'o'T:

HANI:

CAR AOENT:

HANI:

CAR AGENT:

HANI:

CAR AGENT:

HANI:

I am originally Egyptian, but Lleft Egypt when I was four years old,

That is why my Arabic is a little bit broken.

Not at all, you speak very well.

Thanks. Here is the money. Five days at 400 pounds comes to 2000 pou nds total,

Thanks a lot.

I'd 1 i ke a recei pt please.

Of COurse. Here it is, Do you need a driver with you?

No, I'll dr; ve,

As you wish. Have a nice trip (God willing). The em is mifaw-wela.

What do you mean by mifow-weta]

It means full tank, Please return the car with a full tank.

OK

. ana ~aShU1 maSri wj-rna-aaya ginsiyya "amriikiyyu.bass sjbr maS, larnrna k •• n oC:nnd i ., ill'ba~ s iniin bass.

"alarrraan kida il-sarabi biraa-i mikassar .f!mw;lyya.

'-"'"! ,~_,_.1 ~ L,l1.ol ,s__,lL...,1 ul .'-"'"! .......... ~) ~~.:.LS L.J __. ""+'" . .i.._,..:.~,,,,",,L:.. ...... _,...JI • ...s.:.L...!..J...:.

"abadan irua bi-titkallim kuwayyls giddan, .i __ ,s ~~lj","!1 .

• ,I!ukran, ilf.DD.l il-filuus. kharnas - nyyaam n rub- mii l gineeh yatn i ~ altcc n g inceh.

...... ,.L,! ..,......... _"",.wI J..>o..A.l! .t_..L!.

..........,...,...oJI_...i..L! . .........,..~-'

mutarfrakkir giddun.

.1 ..... _...L:..:...,

<aayiz waSI b-il-rnablagh min faDI"",

• .!1J...o...i . .,.. ~LJ-ojJ.!L:.

Tab~an Tabsan ilfaDD;ll. rnihtaag saw-waa' rna-auk? !.:JwJI~C~·J-.b...O.lI~:t....,Jo

la" "una hu-suu" .,j,....t.... L.;1't

zayy rna tihibb. rihta sa-iida in sh".' allaah. il~~a!1lb.iy)'Ll, Hljf~wwilli..l ..

. .:ill .~ ,,) ............... ...._, ._.;i J.. ~J ,.u;...... ..... _,.oJ1

),rfni j ~ eeh mi fawwi! I a? !.u~","!I~

ya'nii full tank. min faDio' (irngga'ha mifawwilla, ~"'.!l.J...o...j"",,."'!cL.;J'_;"~

. .u;_.;...,

haaDir. . .....,t....

72

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h (jutes Mater;"

~_::tJili~~~

Road Signs

If you are planning to drive while you're in an Arab country, it's important to spend some lime memorizing the meaning of the signs shown below, You can visit the web site of the Egyptian Ministry of Interior and gel more details on traffic: signs. It is a good exercise for your ability \0 read Arabic.

h[lp/fi\· ...... w,llloiei:ypl_p) .... .eg; f\~[)I~p.anmel1~s+SIte:Sm-afflcll;ramc:s,I:eJJ.Skle:n?i5ilil:l'IsI

...Li SlOP

4t.....JroS 60 4_,.....J.J ~.,.-.>I Speed I imit 60 km/hour

4,...._J1 ...... ..,~ End of speed I imi I

J~.~Ylt,........

No left turn

~J'_"'.oJ1

No en I ranee

..:.I}., ... ..J.J~I~ No overtak lng

~"IJ!.>..lI~ No u-turn

Jl.lIo..i..iYI~ No parking

.. I~I~ ~14..I1 No horn

.:w. .uL.....oJjI

....... 50 ..... J4-w Minimum distance allowed between two cars j s 50 meters

.... 1..........1;.5".... M edi ca 1. ceruer

~ Camp

73

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h utztes M a\criB

m ~ ~
";,,.;-_,..b ,*,,~I,;..pl .,.-"1.:...0-....10....0
Bxprcsswuy T\yU- \'I,'O:l)' traff c BLlmp
~ ~ ~
cb'-"-'.!l..oLol ~I.,,",,~J->pl .w....",....,
I ntersecti on Righi lane ends. Ped estria n cross ing
~ ~ ~
I,)i!)~ ..., ...... .i.,L., .c1> ..... ..., ...... .i.,L., c1>LO:;
So"",,1 ~1~.:J~~ ... 1,....
Ra llroad c rnssl ng wi I hom" gale R ai I mml CI"tl.I,j.S i 11 g with a gate
~ ~ I]
.§-l;j.>_,..b ~ ",,1,L.,_...,;j~
S I i ppery road Restaurant Pnrking 1m
~
"'~
Telephone 74 U rheberrec htl lch gesc h "Illes Materia

m;ahaITu il~hi,'mljiil

.;,..~I.4..b...-o

The Gas Statlen

Han; has returned from Fayourn, and now he wants to get gas and get his car ready for a trip 10 Saqqara,

HAN!:

WORKER:

HAN],

WORKER:

WORKER:

HAN],

WORKER:

HAN!:

WORKER:

Would you please fi II the tank?

Regular or Super?

Super, Would you please change the oil, check the water in the radiator; and check the tires' air as we! 17

A t your serv ice,

(After jillishillg the task.)

Everything is OK.

We'd I ike 10 go 10 Saqqara. Can you show me the shortest route on the map?

Forget about the map. You are now in Libnan square. Take this bridge, which will lake you 10 (he ring route. This will take you to Giza. When you are (here, ask for the route 10 Saqqara

Thanks,

Not at all.

75

nsumkin rifawwil min faDlak'! '~.)"'J;""..,.s:....

OOHl i i u .:'~,!ld i walla suubnr? ~J-!_~!""'lo. .... .i-'-!

suubar; mumkin tighayyar zcct wi-tikshif I i. (ala il-kawitsh w-il-mayya kamuun? ..,.L: ..-l ..L.h.S::;, ~J _....i:; ..,.s:.... . .H_ !,)W ........ I!,;...,~I

,,,h' """WJk, ,-:J_,..,I~

k u II haugu tumnum.

.pt..,.;~L,.jS

~.j].j]Yl.iin niruuh saqqnara, mumkin tiwarriini ~illa il-kharii'Ta ~a~Silr Tari i"?

._..L:. ,r-.Jtl ,..,.s:.... ",LO.... C'" .... __;.,'"' '''_'..,_b,,_,Jr.u..._,.>J'

siibak min il-kharii'Iu. intn dilwutii Ii miidaan libnuan. khud il-kubri da huyT(lIl""ak 'ala ld-daa' lri.hn-yankhdak I-ilgi iza, wi-min hinaak i~~411-l'~1Ia saqqaara. ,)r ...... ..-i ...... ,J, .:..i1.4.6.._,.;,JI._,..,.!I......, ..,.L:.!l..L.h, I.b .... J-!,_£.ll ..... ,,)~ JL..!.:)Lco..)"'9'~ -:J'>_;'~ _$",1";1 .0,LO.... ",_,.b._..L:.

,f/mkran

.i~

rafwnn

,j,.....

U rheberrec htl ich g"sc h utztes M a\eria

Object Pronouns Can you show me ~.J~ ~ He will take you .ol'>"';'~

'Review the object pronoun, from Chapter 1, Then translate the following sentences into Arabic. Three are given as examples.

Can you show him?

He will take him.

He will take us

Can you show her?

He will take her,

Can you show them?

He will take them,

.0..<,

He will take you, m.s.

He will take you, f.s.

,_:.il

He will take you. pl.

Can you show me?

He will take me.

Can you show US"

ANSWERS
r=n r,~" 'Sn ~~U] II!" "H ~":;!1
I~ ""~r'" '~\U ~~UlI1!O\ ~H ~~~~
,'~ ...,,,,,,pI 'Id 'nOl, O~Ut 11"\\ ~H
"
I:"":" ~rir.' 'S] 'no" a~UlIl!A\ ~H
1;-:- "'~r." 'nll 'no" "~"III!" ~H
_, """1'1"'!~ 'lll"'lil J~m 111." ~H ~~!l'l'oI
r" ~~51 'J0'l "''1 HI 11 !'" aH ~~"O't
" .r,~~ 'lUllI "'~Cl 111.\\ "'H ~ .. r"" 76

"'"'-,

/,sn ,IIOIjS IJO;\" lIlO

[dIU h'Oljo TlOh uP:)

LUI;)41 1\\045 \10A, uU:)

U rheberrec htl lch ge5c h utztes Iv! ateri a

mass.oofm

..... ~ windshield wiper

iH<lblooh 0t-l-!l.iJl dashboard

'~S~)'itll.iitiis.

~I~l...= gear shift stick

il-baTTilnrinu

~~I battery

.:.Li~1 headlights

il-~",ra.biYY'·1

~J-L11

Car

il-bunziiu

Vo'..,i.4J1 accelerator

il-fhruamll

.;..'......,' brake pedal

I:.fibbUUl

.:.~ hood

ir-t'JLI},L'l31l':C'

~~.I"..rt radiator

77

~ a 'aali.~

~~ horn

djrihioou oJ~J· stecri ng wheel

Jd-dlbriy)'i'lilJ ['~. clutch pedal

il-hribriiz

;"_""~I windshield

n-moncor

J~~I

mOIOr

~! trunk

il·~izaaz il-warranii

..,J!j"'!IC~;..rIJ .il.i~! " rear window

il-kmhr}lar[l;Jlit .... ·JJ,Llri)·)'1J ..:.L.jW • ..t,,1! ~! rear light

"imri! i 1- ~[ml1JjVY'l

~_.,.a.IJ ~;.:..

license plate

i]-· unwnnr i ~-'k:Ii.:J.lfiYy:1

~';I9-'YJ backlight

il-·js1J:iUllL1~{sin1!.)lil· ·i,_~lfiW.J'litH (pl.)

":'J;W,;t1l ~;W,;tl tum signal

nmlril·fn:r.i.unil

J-olr-OJI J~ brake light

MSA and Egyptian

The two words """" (warraani) and ~ (khalfi) are translated into English as "back, rear." The difference between them is that warraanl is generally used in conversational Arabic, in this case Egyptian, while klwlfi is used in wrinen contexts, i.e., MSA.

Trurnbit ll-banalln

.;....J..i..!-lI4-0_,.b gas pump

fhiboo,n.K i I,· -anu i},y.t

~_..s.JI.!lL,....W window

ls.sil"f .....i...i.....1 roof

il·bl.J(]ii o#.~1 body (of cur)

~OIgOill

~

wheel

tank

.:J.i,"

tank

il-baab

.,.~I door

78

I'l1If~·ilJ

.J_,.j)

fender

"iI;SiD:mm

fl..__sJ bumper

kr::l<!lw,iuh

;"'~LS

tires.

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h "Illes M a\eriB

Exercise

Now fill in the names of the following auto parts:

1

79 Urheberrcchtllch geschutli"s Materia

Useful Expressions

The battery is dead.

i l-baf'Taarlyya n OJY"'" .i..G.,'" .L_.u...,J1

The radiator has ,1 hole.

lr-radyamccr makhruum f'~,.,..L>I,.J1

The tires arc flat.

i 1-,.£.1 mi fa,,; ~~I

The radiatcr fluid is low,

nmyyil, ir-radyaateer naSa ........ Li,.,..4>I,.JI~

The radiator is leaking.

ir-radyruuccr bi-ykhurr ~""'4·1,.J1

The horn is not working,

i I· kalaaks m;,-/o ,'''mghghaa I Jil..:.;.....,..s~1

The car (engine) is overheating,

il·'o,.bina bi-tiskhcn ~"""_,.oJ1

flih rniknniiki ' urayyib? ~.,..._,.i..,.s:...;~¥

Is there a nearby mechanic"?

Please cheek the brakes, battery, muffler, oil, and tires,

min faDtak··ikshir lii 'ula ll-famnmil/ il-baTTarinfal ish-sl!akm;1anf iz-zcet/ il-bwiu/o

I ~ u...,J1 f J.oI".£J1 .,.L<:. ".J ...a..:..s:1 .:lJ..<>j """ ..... ,Wl f .:....jJll.)l.o.LWl

I have run out of gas, Where is the nearest gas station?

il-banziin k.hiltS minnii 'I [cen "amb banxiinu? ~.i.:..__""~_,.il.:,.,.i!.,.l.o._,...L...,.._;.;.,J1

Check the eng i ne for me, please,

'ib},ifli -ala il-mntoor min faDlak . .!.IJ...l...I.J-OJ,..t<>--lI.,.L<:.,.-J~!

80

U rhcberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M ate,i.

The Imperative Mood in Arabic

You have already learned several ways to ask for things in Arabic. Now let us look at the command, or tile imperative, form of the verb.

The imperative form is derived from the imperfect form following two steps:

I. Drop the imperfect prefix.

2. Add a vowel, generally i, if the resulting form begins with a two-consonant sequence.

Q

,

shuufu I~~

Look!

sllUuf shuufi

... ~ ...... ~

PI.

Although the two verbs ..... l, .. he took," and ,J.S1;·he ate" generally behave like sound verb, in the perfect and imperfect conjugations, their imperative forms do not follow the rules above, as the following table shows:

The verb....,. (geh) "he came" has no imperative form from the root itself. Its imperative counterpart is based on the stern JW in both Egyptian and MSA:

M F

[n 0 vo wei added)

M F Pl.
Write! iktib iktibi iktibu
""":'si .....,..-sl t,...st
Walk. irushi im .. hi irnshu
~! ' I I~!
......... '
isma= ismal:i isma-u
~! ~! I~!
(vowe I added) ';";1 .0...;1 ,_;.il
..... 1 II ~;J,. 'ill
J.S1 jS ~ I~ 81

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M atcria

il,·nl.r~~ka.r.il.l!.1

~t~ S' " •• , t Camping

1101

~ v-vl; 9 ~I p~ 9 ~~. 9~,)

Dahab, Nuwebo, Sharm Sheikh, and Ras Muhammed

The Red Sea in Egypt is considered one of the best places in the world for scubn diving and snorkeling. The northern pon of the Red Seu has the most famous CDm] reefs in the world, such as Sharm Sheikh. Ras Muhammad, Dahab, and Nweba, You can camp in these coastal cities after getting permission from either the protected area management offic-e or the governorate office ..

n'tfl.lL~·OIJoIl 09-/1.0 bath ing suit

zu'uanif

........ L.:.~ fins

~hcc.nUl

~

tent

~;a_:.t.I'l:lbuLIl

.;,9-/ ..... ~ boots

111;ii].L<ibb.

.,...;~ clothes

(pronOU.l'lc·ed .he: same ~.;:EIi~ljsh)

C~~ sleeping bug

_g;)Hf.'t1

J'~ bucket

k.l,.I&: 'l~bl~O,glJh

~. ~ 'LOJS

Everything We Need

"edawnnt ghu'Is

~';'I,,\

diving equ ipmeru

f.lltaatm

'"-LO.i

I'rat:~

.~

tree

·iddiLlu ..... · .. lili.

~I~o"",, toilet kit

sinnaarn oJi..:-> fishing rod

gamnl

~

camel

barra.mi),)'iI ~I..h...

bl'imket

1l~~~IT· g':~t~_)';~

cans

'U/31.!i twa .. !i.

~1~d;9

toilet paper

ril::loYO 9-/,1) radio

b:;l~~~\;jt

~~

basket

$li~n15

~

Sun

'\3::uibi:lgdiir

~~-~,JLi

u:;lD~u~1 b"h:r

-""""-!&_,I.lli goggles

~;;!Ibri~t

.;,.,~ matches

82

tli-ll'L,iiI1:a1I' i'l-bj~.i.mlrl

4.JL..i..J1 I _ A •

. ..--~

AI the G reccry S I 0 i-c

HANI:

Do you have ri ce, sugar. tea, bread .... 't

CLERK:

Slowly! I have everything. How man y k i I os of rice do you need? How much sugar, tea, and bread'

HANI:

Fi ve kilos of rice. t we my loa ve s of bread, tWO kilos of sugar. twenty Baiadi bread, and one. box of Lipton tea,

CLERK:

He re they are. Do you want cheese or mi lk? I have excellent feta cheese. (lit. while cheese.)

HANL

All right, give me IWO kilos of feta cheese, two cans of dried mi lk, and two boxes of water bottles,

-unduk ruzz wi-sukkar wi-snaay wi-rccsh. •. ?

! ..... ~,Jt..:.,..s-!j; .!l...:...

b-ir-mahnl "andi kull haagn. ~aay.iz knam kiilo rnzz wi-sukkar wi- shaay"l wj-~ndd "eeh I'eesh? j, ,J..,.! 1'i.S .>-!I..c. .>4-L..- J.S 0$"':'" ! ~I;J~ <~""'t ..... ,,,l"t..:.,,s_...,

khamsa klllu I'tIZl. wi~~'l.~hritn righilffiino, wi~ "linccn kjjlo sukkar wi -1"iS'lr.iin righiir balndll wi.·'"ilbit '/laIlY lipton.

,J..,.! ~I!""'" ~J ""_....:....::!l!,J..,.! ............. .~~ o$t..:..t,.J..o, .,,~ ~J ""_....;....,! . ..s-

ilf<lDDnL ~:lay.i:z glbna "nw lJb~n?~.1ndi gibna beefm murmaaza.

,w........L....,.~~,:..,.J!1 ......... .>-!1..c..~1

., ,. . '" •. aj~

Tayyib ;ddiinii ~ imeen ~'~iltl ,gibr .... beeD a wlrilbiteen laban rnugaffaf wi- karturnccn mayy:..!_ .:,..,J~,.~.o..:..,...,J..,.!2"..:.;,I""""'" . ....... ~t-i_s~~

83

Urheberrechilich gesolrutzles Ma "''''

CLERK:

Here it is .. Anything else?

HANI:

Is there any wine or soda?

CLERK:

There is soda bill no I i quo r,

HANI:

Okay, how much do I owe you?

CLERK:

Two hundred and fi rty pounds.

HANI:

Here it is.

CLERK:

Thank you. Good-bye,

; I faD ua I. "ayy hoaga 10'n [a? '.;.,;lia....l.>."i.~1

r.ih uibiit '''IV mashruubam ghaaziyya? !~l.i.~~~91~~

fiih marerubaat ghaziyya.Iaakm maflish khumuur .

. j....,...';"""OL.o.;,S.l .... ;1 . ..:. .:.4,,...:.... .......

Tuyyib il-hisaab bam'!

mitecn wi-khamsiin gineeh .

. ~~,.;;.,.:.o

;lfaOOal.

Exercise

Match the Arabic phrases with their English equivalents:

a. Do you want cheese or milk?

b. Anything else?

c. A loaf and a balad! bread (tradition).

d. I ha ve everythi ng.

e. Rice.

r. Slowly!

g. Ok, how much do I owe you?

h. Two boxes of mineral water.

i. Su gar and tea.

.j, 1.

. ."..J; ~J' ~ '-'4i.J 2

.a....I,JL 3.

'~,1......,...;,~ 4.

.."w.~ 5.

.~~g..;_..s 6_

.~L.,.J.S.".....:...o. 7.

~.;.,;u~L.,.."l 8.

~ftS ."t......J.J..,..,..b 9.

'~'6 "qS "PL "q'9 "1', "II,,"J£ '·"·Z •. ;). r

ANSWERS

84

U rheberrec htl lch Q"SC h utztes ~, atcriB

rand

HAVINGWITH~

He has

She has

TIley have

"and-u

-anda-ha

<and-hum

You, rn.s. have

<and-ak

You. f.s. have

<and-ik

You. pI., have

<aud-kum

I have

We have

<and-na

1 have everything. ~L.. JS <!~

Do you have nee, sugar.tea, bread -.'1 ~""'~I.sL..i.,,,.s:.-!lI.:1~

111(i.'·.::!"

HAVING WITH CO

Like ~ ,"":"" is a preposition that combines with a pronoun 10 indicate possession.The prepositional, meaning of ~ is "with" When used for possession. ~ indicates having something with a person at a particular time,

This meaning can be contrasted with that of ....:.,." which indicates general possession or ownership.

I have (own) a large house. .& ~ <!.....,

I have twenty dollars with me (on me) .;t,...,..."..:.... 41.&.0

He has

The following table shows ~ in combination with the different pronouns:

She has

ma-aa-ha

o!Jl.i.O

They have

You, m.s., have

You, f.s .. have

You,pl.,havc

rna-aa-k

ma-aa-ki

ma-aa-kum

[ have

We have

ma-na-na

85

U rheberrec htl ich gesc h utztes M ateri a

fuSutll Is-sana ij·ga~~·w

~IJ~ H--'I

hJJ-.f.lmhU~I:r

J~I

Months

11

Seasons

Weather

"ayyaam il-'usbuu"

e~'11 fL:!i

Days ofthe Week

is-sabt il-hadd il-itneen it-talaat iI-'arba'

il-kharniis il-gum-a

Saturday Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

..:......-II ..... ill ~.JII ~UlUJI s ..... )I'I ~I ~I

:tYY33m

daysr41

yoom dayp><

'whir last ...... i

first J,I

Exercise

Read the following sentences and answer the questions .

. _-.. ..... ~ill"", ~~ J91 ..:....,..=.II ~~

What is the first day of the week in Egypt'! __;:_:

I.
2.
3.
4.
5. .LS..._,...l ..... ~ill ..... I' .. J,I ..... illf' ..

What is the first day of the week in America? ___:;;;;.

."L.;.J ..... ~ill ..... I" .. J9!~.JIIf' ..

What is the first day of the week in Lebanon? -=

.4..J ..... ~ill ..... ~~ ..... J.........-..jII' ..

What is the last day of the week in Libya' .:..:

.u:.__,...,I ..... ~'tl ..... ~ ....... i ..:......-II ~'I-!

What is the last day of the week in America? -=

ANSWERS

,([!p,mws'\; ''(opu,;'1' ',(llpuoVll'£ ',(UjlunS'Z ',(apJIlleS'1

Urheberrechtllch qeschutztes Material

86

muans ""Ju March

,rUII\'1l

~!H June

sibrumbir

~ September

dllsamblr

~. December

J/j.mr

.+i>

month

urln.uslnlln

~.;,~ 3 years

11·l;,lu],ri~r

...... ,."...:..J! fall

.,hu huu r I s- sana

~IJ~

Months of the Year

lill ra iuoLr

t -, J'l~ February

I;;~

May

LJghuSTu:f

~I August

nuavamhir

~g..l

November

lsbuu-

t~\ week

snnmeen

~ 2 years

is·S(·d

~r

summer

~briir J.>J-!I April

Yldyu

~!H July

LL'I:100t),u.r·

,;>-!~! October

,)'00111

f'!H day

iT-r.lnilc

~.".JI spring

hh-Jhili.'i

~t::...Wt winter

~~~ ~~~

87

Urroo uochtlich eschutat "~I~'ari"

lI-g:.lI",·wflT-'fill:ls

~I/~I

The Weather

i [.~"\\,.". '~bilill i I • cch i 11-11 n hanln?

!o"J~1 ~I J.o'-':. ~I

How Is the Weather Ttoday?

ttilw wi:hhh
,_L.... ';""'9
good bad
b.ard taTib
'F! ..,._b;
cold humid a...!

There is

_.-... ...... ~.;.....;Lo There is no s ilOW i 11 Egy pt.

(i.e, It doc, 11m snow in Egypt) .

. _.-... ~ ,ll..W1 ~...h.o ......

There is rain in Egypt in the winter. (i.e., It rains in Egypt in the winter).

d:Jidii ~..,JI. w"arm

harr

~ hot

1al~

e-L'

snow

ma'Iar

_..b.4

rain

~Lo

There is no

Exercise

Mutch the words with the pictures by copying each word under the corresponding pictur-e:

~-~~-_,.b..o-~

~ ~

1. __

2. _

3. ___

~ ~

4. ___

ANSWERS

'£-'""1'" (umr) 'p_r~ (lIupds)

88

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M a\cria

claugitil·hO!lr:J,a.m

oJ~~I~J"

Temperature Conversions

To change degrees Fahrenheit to Celsius, subtract 32 and multiply by 519: 41°F - 32" 9 x 519", SOC

To convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply by 915 and add 32: lOoe x 915 '" 18 + 32 = 50'F

A quick method to get an approximation is to take the degrees Fahrenheit, subtract 30, and divide by 2. From Celsius, multiply by 2 and add 30. Most. seasoned travelers know a few temperatures for reference.

Fahrenheit 212 98.6

86

77

68

50

32

14

-04

-22

-40

"mm hurruunn

.... 1~L.;i

I am hot. (f.s.)

89

Celsius 100 37 30 25 20 10

o

-10

-20

-30

-40

f

'Jln,jl,b:;!r.d.o,m

,)1~Joo! ul

[ am cold. (m.s.)

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M atcrla

"nyynnm H--tl5b~!LJ··

e~~lpL:!j

Days of the Week

Unlike in the United. Stales, for dates, Arabs First say the day and then the 1110nth.

Exercise

Translate the Ioltowmg dates:

I. Jan 10

2. March 9

3. May 6

4. July21

5. Aug 31 6.0C14

7. Dec 23

8 Feb4

ANSWERS

'S 17 .... 1" 'L £Z';"""';'< '9 ViS'""'" '~Irl~

90

'I' IZ"r 'r 9"" 'z 6"''''' '1 01 ",'"'

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes M atcrla

The Construct

Exercise

When two nouns arc closely associated, as in the case of possession or something being part of something else, they form a construct. Write the constructs for "Days of the Week, temperature degrees, seasons of the year,"

1. _

2. _

3. _

Exercise

With reference to the discussion of the construct in Chapter I, translate the following phrases:

.,.Ju..JI,_..1 l.
~4..o>LL 2.
4..&.44J1e,.w, 3. ANSWERS, I

'Ja~lJ~ k)!'iJ"tI!un'f 'ldl;'3310 11IlIdu:! "VI'(; ':lW~U s.iuaprus :14) '1

re<I~~4t JO SUOSU:lS 'f

( :untijJ:l!IW:ll ,r..,,,. Ir'''"!'! UIUUJllI.j-1l1BelleJup JO s:l~~ff:lp 'III) s:l:lJli:lp ::unt1lJddw"L .(; ,

91

Urhcberrechtllch qcschutztes Maleria

When you lind the following useful words in the picture, write them out in the spaces provided.

;Kf:;3YYTh"l'r:J airplane ma'Iaa ... il'-(i1I:'il'1ir.LI Cairo Airport
io;4b j,_,.4IL.iJIJLb.o
_.~hLl.n3T luggage sill i m kahrubaa' i escalator
~ ';L..J-6S...,_L...u
Teyyuar pilot khui"Uu,ll: exit
J4b ~g_,..>
il,·g.un:'1:aril.:; customs mILW~7.;I::)r il_g.., mOl.'l_ri~ customs agent
.:.IJ~1 .:.IJ~I......i.l:o~
Possession They gave their luggage ... ~ I,....i...- What does the suffix ~ in ~ mean?

A 5 was discussed in Chapter I, possess i on in nou ns is e ~ pressed by attach i n g a pro" Oil n suffi x to the noun,

His luggage

Her luggage

Their luggage Your. rn.s .. luggage Your, f.s., luggage Your, pl., luggage My luggage

Our luggage

_,/1 u mlT-" (h) ,rhumIT-ha -'"huna T·h u rn jhullaT-ak j/ruoaT-ik j!rulla T- ku m slrun[LT~i .sJ.runaT-na

tIi~ ~~ ~,.b..O...!. ,:J~ ,:J~ ro-S .a.o..:. ~~ uJo...;.."l,

._h_~_dtt

~ ~ ~

~ ~

~ ~

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h utztes M atcrla

Exercise

Hani and hi, family~L<,9 .".'1..0, What is the difference between these two words: ~L<, loWL<,.

iT~Ti1yy"i!m

o;4Wf

ThePlmlc

Ti.lyyaar

.l~ pilot

rihla s/jjboo_:i'lk k .... b! i na mamnrr mu~<'it.l Thy~f3i.Lr muDiir.t ~I".jiiniyy a
~ .!J~ ~LS ~ J~"":L,...,...o ~ ~
)
flight window cabin runway n ighl attendant stewardess tray hiznum il·~.;J:IYL<llill

.;,L..I\iIf"~ seal belt

Ti.li.lqirn

~u.

crew

Illiq't'idlkur:o:;ii

or"~/~ seal

r;:l,;ltih/tl.lkl-:a<11l banb IJ-T::JW,I:rf

I..,.LSJ) .....!I./ ~<lh-.bJ1 ..,.'-! passcngerts) emcrgency exlt

11III;)ukiT ·iql'ilil~

.b~ t~J

I and i n s takeoff

ANSWERS

"P~PPU S! xYlns unouoid "1]1 u~\f'" (<:0) 01 s~~uuqJ I! '(~) U! SpU3 UnOU "41 II ,,"A1!lUUj S!\!" S! "'lIT'"" al!qA' "AnUm] e., s! "'lIT"!'

93

Urrdmrraoilill 11 g sehiH"t 5 ~\ r rial

'ala rr- Taa' ir~

O~L.1:I." ~

On the Plane

PILOT:

Welcome to Egypt Air (airplane). Flight Number 50 from Cairo to As wan.

The plane will take off within a few minutes.

Please fasten your scat belts.

STEWARDESS: Good morning, Weknme, to Egypt.

Our trip to Aswan will take an hour and f fteen m i nu res

HAN I: Are (here meal s served du ring the trip?

STEWARDESS: There is a quick meal: sandwiches. tea, coffee, or soft drinks.

HAN): Thanks, May) have a boule of waier?

The kids are so thirsty.

STEWARDESS: Of course; one second please.

HANI: Thank you.

marheb .. m bikum "ala Tan'jmt m!Sr li~T-" Tayyeraan. ar-rihla raqnrn khamsiin min ilqannirn ilau "aswaan .

.i.L.,_I1 .;:,I"..JoJJ ~ .';Llo._,.J...,.,..s.., t,..._,.., .;:,I,.....I.,JI " .... Wl ,;;.0 50 .... ,

al-Taa' lra sa-ruqh- khilaal daqaaiq qnliila,

. .i.!.,J.i jl[j. J)W. ~ i";LbJI

ar-ragaa' rcb'I' hizanm nl-tnmaan.

."L.o'tl f>1~ l:uJ .4-,J1

Sabnah il-khcer, 'ohlan wa -sah I"" bikum f m.ST .

. ~ ~,.,..s.., 4-u! :UI. ~I r:!.,-> rih latnaa . i la.o 'as waan tastaghriq saa"u wa-rutr.

,~~, 4'- ~ ;)I_I.,JI t.o;L.,

min foDli!;, fiih w~gabao('"SJlnn' ir-rihln? !.i.L._,.II<wl .:.4,""". ~'-"'"

fiih wagba sariisa. ya~nij .sandawitshaal \'1,.,1- ,,1.'h:my 'aw ··ahwfI' aw n13J"liruubaal ghaazlyya, ,'~L1, ..;;.U,.,j!~~ . ..l.s.,;~ 4, ~ ..Ljl.O .o.4~ ,I,,*,"

_~"lLlkrJll. mumkin ' itaazil mayya min faDlik?

'~,;;.o ";"0)1;1 ~,i_..s:..:.

il·,~a\\!laad raTsl!41aniin "awli.

.~,..;:,.,.lt..l....b..c. ,t,'tl

Tab-an TOl b~~m sanya wahdaa.; itfaDDal. !J..<U.lI .......... I,.;.,.;U h.,J.. ~

,/Pukr.n.

i,.s...t.

94

U rheberrcc htl lch gesc h (jutes M aleri"

PILOT:

Thanks God for the sure trip. We will be landing in Aswan Airport within a few minutes.

hnmdan lil-laahi 'ala . sajaarnarikum. sawfa nahbi'l' Ii mn'laaraswnan khilaal tlaqaa'j'l qaliiln.

......~ ... ,...,.~)l.w . .,.L<:..:iJi.>..o.> . ..J.J..,lj ~(j • .J'>l>. ,,1,...,1 ,L.b.o

Please fasten your seal belts. Have a nice trip.

bi-rugua" rab'T hizaam al-' amaan. riblu sa-iida ill :llllan" ~;-.llilHh.

d·...l..)1 o....,.........u.., . .:.L..'il flj.>.b...~ ,4-.H .• ll1

You will notice in this dialogue that the statements made by the pilot and the stewardess are given in MSA. However. the stewardess conversed in Egyplian with Hani, TIl is is typically what happens in the Arab world. Conversation is conducted in the dialect (Egyptian, Levantine. Moroccan, Gulf, etc.), whi le formal announcements and all form, or reading and writing are conducted in MSA. which is known among the Arabs !t~Ji,.')I,'I.

Exercise.

Match the English phrases with the Arabie phrases, Write out the Arabic phrases for practice.

a, The kids are so thirsty.

b. We will be landing in Aswan Airport within a few minutes.

c. Our trip to Aswan will take an hour and fi ftce n minu tes.

d. The plane will lake off within a few mtnuies.

e. Are there meals during the trip?

r. Welcome 1<) Egypt Air (airplane).

I

ANSWERl

'\1'9 '";}'~ "q'p "J'f "p'Z "a'[

95

U rheberrec htl lch gesc h utztes Iv! ateri a

HAN!:

PASSERBY:

HAN!:

PASSERBY:

HAN!:

PASSERBY,

HANL

PASSERBY,

f:Jwi:) 1I-Ill::lS1"il-';;iJiim ..

4.o.:!~1 ~ .,i .iJ~

A Tour in Old (Cop1ic) Egypl

Would you please tell me how to go 10 Coptic Egypt?

You lire here. in Tahrir Square.

Best thing to do is to take the subway and get off at Masr iladima (Coptic Egypt). You will find the Coptic Muscum in front of you,

What else can I visit other than the Coptic Museum')

There are the churches of Coptic Egypt; Abu-Sirga Church is one of the. oldest churches in the world. There is. ulso Atmnroliaqa Church (the HMging Church).

Arc. there Islamic monuments in the region?

There is the Mosque of'-Arnru ibn il 'aaS,

You can also visit the Citadel of Salah Ildin and the mosque of Ilsultan Hasan after you visit the churches. They are not i'ar at all.

I think it is better to visit Islamic Cairo on another day,

Yes, it is better. (I agree with you.)

min filOlak nuuukin ti~~uuj H "nruuh 'il'Zaay lill-w.Sr il- "adiima? .~I""""";;.ilj![,,\._,J.J~~.:JJ..,;,.j.)A

in[~\ hinu ti miidnan it-tahriir

.,..~I,,' ....... ,...w..:.)1

ahsan huuga lirkilb mitru il·',fillfa:]' wi-tiuzil tl mahTTiI maSr iJ.'adiima. hn-tlaa i "uddaamak ilmarh"fil:ibTi.

a...... ~ J;.:.;, .,It..i.;ill,~...,J>" <4 .... _! .~I ~I.:LoI.u ..... "lll Lo .. o4;..Lll~

fiih 'eeh fi maSr il-',d;;m" gheer ll-mathaf ll'ibTl'

'~1~1~~1~~"'1"""

Hih k.r.n.lay.is m:aSr il- "udiimn, k injisij ~abu~:S.irgL1 minudarn kanaayis il-raalam wi-kinusit il-rnu ~al laqa kamaan.

~~J--i""I¥!I~,~I~~~~ ."W ~t~!~wl..,...JL;.S,..ul

m~{rh.'t'h mn-aajim "islaarniyyn fi il-man'Iia? !~,~~:.t....!~Ls.t.#Lo

fUll gaml'li~ .Cnmr· ibn il~'L·aaS,

.""'WI . .:H!"....::~4-...,..

\'t'l ti'dar tizuur qafvit Sclaah

id-d i in wi - gaamiot LS-S U Haan hasan bn'd mil likhall.nS ?_yya.-.ril il-kanaayis. hummn mish bi-iid ~llbadan,

~"l.hl...uJ1 ~l.,.! .).!.>JJ CL>.uJ.i J";:; J....i.lj .~I ~ ...... ,..... . ., ... a •. SJIi).,j.,...u..:;Lo.u.;

~fI"luqid ii-ahsan "azuur il-qaahira il-tislaomiyya (j yoom ramu.

. .,..Ll,.",,... o4-o:.t....}tI ....... ~1 J~l_ill ~1

;IJ-r.;::[i n barDu . . ~~,)-W->i

96

U rheberrcc htl ich gesc h utztes M ateri a

ENTERTAINMENT

:;!II-t:umh.

~_..;JI

rntLsmtt il-,[J1.l,1Usl lqca i !·':;rr:!biy}'03

~,;-ZJI ~ •. U C~

M uslcal Th eater

13

~:uP is -SOOl w! D- ~.lIt

~~19~~1~~

Sound and Light Show

Abdel Halim Nowera Ensemble for Arab Music

"Preserving and renewing the Arabic music heritage without changing the traditional rhythm created by both Egyptian and Arab composers is an important task, Therefore. in 1967 the !lOW deceased conductor Abdel Halim Nowera founded the Arab Music Company. [I consists of 50 talented singers and 40 musicians performing different styles of Arab music such as Muwashshah, Taktoka .. and theatrical music. Abdel Halim Nowera was the director of the company until his death in 1985 and the company was renamed 'Abdel Halim Nowera Ensemble for

Arab Music" in appreciation of his efforts in preserving the Arab heritage."

Im:l!':Jt\\' ..... ·'I.I,·.Cii~I"(il'Jf.(:.I"' ... i;'!r;iab:kl_ll.~ti m .... Ilt. ...... o.:F.I.:J..."'f'~

The shows of the Ensemble for Arub Music can be seen at the Cairo Opera House. You can get updated schedule, of the parties and shows through the Cairo Opera House Program. Imijo;IIr.i::C~'.j[i.j'm!l'le.l('"j(IYiCl)m.'~ i!]1J iC"lrlf.\::l'imrQl!:~r1.,it111f11

97

U rheberrec htl ich g"sc h utztes M a\eria

A segment of the program for March 2008 is shown in Arabic and Eng) ish. The Opera of Alexandria in the Arabic table is named "Theatre of Sayed Darwish" in the English table. Compare the two tables to pick out as many words II" you can. 'Then answer the questions below.

~I

3 ~~I

4 <lllliJl

6..,....,...J.1

."...U.III~"i ..... ,.o..,.,....J1

~_'-""L;.~ ,JI_...,.h.U

~l"."""'CWI~ ,..".JI, ..... WI ~It...:...-J

~lc_,........11 (;t.......o 7),-""L;.~

I~"i~ h,;j,,_.,..,.;,_s.J1

~IJ.U.

...... _.11 ~JI.&WJI

J..>LS-~Jt...,...w ... ~.JIClL..:.

""".01 ...... WI ~4-,...,., (f2: ",,9) J.O..WI t.o.;.,.....J -'_;L,-!~,",""J~-,(,t.......o8).)I_.....::,~

;.>C'_;~I...,....u ... .;.,.. ...... H ........... ~

98