SCIENCE
Standard X
Untouchability is a sinUntouchability is a crimeUntouchability is inhuman
TAMILNADUTEXTBOOK CORPORATION
College Road, Chennai - 600 006.
Revised Based on the Recommendation of theHard Portion Deletion CommitteeREVISED BASED ON THE RECOMMENDATION OFTHE HARD PORTION DELETION COMMITTEE
©Government of TamilnaduFirst Edition - 2004Revised Edition - 2009
Chairperson
Dr. A. SUBBIAH PANDI
Reader in Physics
Presidency College (Autonomous)Chennai - 600 005
PHYSIC
S
Reviewer
Dr. K. Sakthi Murugesan
Senior Lecturer in Physics,Dr. Ambedkar Govt. Arts College,Vyasarpadi, Chennai - 600 039
Authors
Dr. S. Pandi
Reader in PhysicsPresidency College, Chennai - 600 005
G. Anbalagan
Lecturer in PhysicsA.A. Govt. Arts College,Vilupuram
N.A. Masilamani
Headmaster,Govt. (Hindu) High School,Rasathupuram, Vellore District - 632 509
CHEMISTRY
Reviewer
Dr. R. Nanthini
Reader in Chemistry,Pachaiyappa’s College, Chennai - 600 030
Authors
I. Rose Kumari
Selection Grade Lecturer in ChemistryQueen Mary’s College, Chennai - 600 004
R.C. Saraswathi
PG Asst. in Chemistry,Govt. Girls Hr. Sec. School,Ashok Nagar, Chennai - 600 083
BOTANY
Reviewer
Dr. K. Ajithadoss
Reader in BotanyPresidency College, Chennai - 600 005
Authors
S.S. Rathina Kumar
Selection Grade Lecturer in Botany,Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005
Dr. Renu Edwin
Lecturer in Botany,Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005.
A. Parimmala Devi
Asst. Headmistress,Govt. Girls Hr. Sec. School,Ashok Nagar, Chennai - 600 083.
ZOOLOGY
Reviewer
Dr. K. Valivittan
Reader in Zoology,Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005.
Authors
Dr. Susan Edward
Headmistress,Dr. Ambedkar Govt. Hr. Sec. School,Egmore, Chennai - 600 008.
V. Srinivasa Venkatanathan,
Lecturer in Zoology,Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005.
Indira Vincent
Lecturer in Zoology,Presidency College, Chennai - 600 005.
Price : Rs.
This book has been printed on 60 G.S.M. Paper.
This book has been prepared by The Directorate of School Educationon behalf of the Government of Tamilnadu.
PREFACE
Science
dictates almost every field of our activities. Science is responsible for bringing out the vastsocial changes that we witness today. The impact of science and technology on society has led man fromstone age to information age. Science has entirely transformed our standard of living with new dimensions.The students have to be prepared to face the challenges of fast developing world, based on scienceand technology. The present text-book of science is an effort in making the children to be the futurescientists in various disciplines. This text-book has been prepared strictly according to the revised syllabus(2003). We have attempted to present the basic concepts and their applications in day-to-day life.This book consists of 15 chapters in different branches of science viz., physics, chemistry andbiology. Every chapter starts with an introduction highlighting the importance and applications of theconcepts in that chapter. A number of activities have been given. These activities may be modified andperformed using the low cost, easily available and discarded materials. Science is the process of discoveringthe natural world. Science is not just memorising facts. It is a method of thinking process. It is aboutasking questions like what, how and why. Learning to ask questions and learning to question the answersare the two invaluable skills that the young children have to develop. It is our hope that the teachersencourage the students to do such activities. There is a Chinese proverb saying “I hear, I forget; I read, Iremember; I do, I understand”. So, the demonstrations and activities should be an integral part of theteaching-learning process in the classroom.A large number of clearly drawn and neatly labelled diagrams have been included wherever necessary.This will definitely help the students to understand the concepts and experiments effectively. Additionalinformation have been summarised in the form of tables. Feynman, Nobel laureate in physics, once said“you do not know anything until you have practised”. In keeping with this statement, the most importantskill the students should develop is the ability to solve problems. So, adequate number of solved problemsand exercises have been provided in this book.To evaluate the knowledge and skills gained by the students, questions of different varieties, problemsand activities have been designed and given at the end of each chapter.
While preparing for the examination, students should not restrict themselves, only to thequestions / problems given in the self evaluation. They must be prepared to answer the questions andproblems from the entire text.
Kothari Education commission report says, “If science is poorly taught and badly learnt, it is littlemore than burdening the young mind with dead information, and it could degenerate even into a newsuperstition”. Science education in addition to providing the students a sound knowledge, cultivate scientificskills and inculcate a scientific temper.I, as the Chairperson, thank the authors, reviewers and those who have been associated with thedevelopment of this book.We welcome feedback from students, teachers and parents for the improvement of the book. Yourcomments and suggestions will be greatly appreciated.
Dr. A. Subbiah Pandi
Chairperson
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