REVIEW OF PLANNING IN INDIA-

OBJECTIVE &STRATEGY OF FIVE

YEAR PLANS

PRESENTED BY-
INDU KUMARI
MANORANJAN PAUL
NALINAKSH TRIPATHI
RANJIT NAYAK
RENU SHARMA
SAURABH KUMAR SONI
 WHAT IS A PLAN?
 A plan spells out how the resources of a nation should be put
to use.

 It should have some general goals as well as specific

objectives which are to be achieved within a specified period
of time.

 In India plans are of five years duration and are called five
year plans .
 OBJECTIVE OF PLANNING
 Economic growth

 Self reliance

 Removal of unemployment

 Reduction in income inequalities

 Elimination of poverty
 PLANNING COMMISSION
 The Planning Commission is an institution in the Government
of India, which formulates India's Five-Year Plans.

 Planning Commission was set up on 15 March 1950, with

Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman.
 NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
COUNCIL
 The prime minister presides over the NDC. The secretary of
the planning commission is also the secretary of NDC.
 To consider the national plan as formulated by the planning
commission endorse its development strategy.
 REVIEW OF PLANS
The First Five Year Plan was launched in 1951. The process of
implementation of the Five Year Plans was disrupted in 1966 and the
Fourth Five Year Plan was put off by three years due to the severe
drought in the country and aggressions from China and Pakistan.
The intervention period between the Third and Fourth Five Year
Plans had annual Plans. This period is referred to as Plan Holiday.
Fifth FYP was launched and planned for period 1974-79 but Janata
government came in power in 1978 and ended the plan prematurely in 1978.
The Janata government launched sixth FYP for period 1978-1983. Congress
government when came in power in 1980 abandoned the sixth FYP and
launched a new sixth FYP for period 1980-1985. The plan for period, 1978-80, is
called the rolling plan. 
 FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1951-55)
Based on Harrod Domer model

OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENTS
 The standard of living
 Community and agriculture  GDP 3.6% per year
development  Evolution of good irrigation
 Energy and irrigation system
 Communications and transport IMPROVEMENT
 Industry  Roads
 Land rehabilitation Civil aviation
 Social services Railways
 Target of GDP growth 2.1 per Posts &Telegraphs
year Manufacture of fertilizers
Electrical equipment 
 DISADVANTAGES
 Development of only a few industries.

 Private industry had not developed.

 SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1956-1961)
Based on P.C. Mahalanobis model
OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENTS
 To increase by 25% the national
income  5 Steel plants
 To make the country more  A hydro-electric power project 
industrialized  Production of coal increased
 To increase employment  More railway lines
DEVELOPMENT OF  Land reform measures
 Mining and industry  Improved the living standards of
 Community and agriculture the people
development  The large enterprises in seventeen
industries were nationalized
 Power and irrigation
 Social services
 Communications and transport
 DISADVANTAGES

 Eliminate the importation of consumer goods .

 High tariffs.

 Low quotas or banning some items altogether.

 License were required for starting new companies.

 This is when India got its License Raj, the bureaucratic

control over the economy .
 THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1961-1966)
Based on P.C.Mahalanobis model
ACHIEVEMENTS
OBJECTIVES
 Decentralization
 More stress to agriculture
• subsidies 
 Organizations formed
• Sufficient help • Panchayat
 Effective use of country's • Zila Parishads
resources   Laid emphasis on
 To increase the national income by • oil conservation
5% per year • irrigation
 To increase the production of
• Afforestation
agriculture.
 Employment generation  Many fertilizer  and cement plants
 To establish equality among all the
were built
people of the country  Green Revolution
 PROBLEMS FACED

Sino Indian War, India witnessed increase in

price of products. The resulting inflation.
 FOURTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1969 - 1974)

OBJECTIVES
 To reform and restructure
government expenditure
agenda( defence became one
major expense)
 To facilitated growth in
exports
  To alter the socio economic
structure of the society.
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Great advancement has been
made with regard to India's
national income
 Considered as one of the
emerging powers
 Served as a stepping stone for
the economic growth
 Food grains production
increased 
 PROBLEMS

 A gap was created between the people of the rural areas and
those of the urban areas. 

 Due to recession, famine and drought, India did not pay much
heed to long term goals
 FIFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1974 -1979 )
OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENTS
 To reduce social, regional, and  Food grain production was above
economic disparities 118  million tons due to the
 To enhance agricultural improvement of infrastructural
productivity facilities
 To check rural and urban  Bombay High had  shot up the
unemployment commercial production of oil in
 To encourage self-employment India
 Production support policies in
the cottage industry sector
 To develop labor intensive
technological improvements
 PROBLEM FACED

 The world economy was in a troublesome state.

 This had a negative impact on the Indian economy.

 Prices in the energy and food sector skyrocketed and as a

consequence inflation became inevitable
 SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1980-1985)
OBJECTIVES
 To improve productivity level
 To initiate modernization for
achieving economic and
technological self-reliance
 To control poverty and
unemployment
 To develop indigenous energy
sources and efficient energy
usage
 To initiate Family Planning 
ACHIEVEMENTS
 Speedy  industrial development
 Emphasis on the information
technology sector
 Self sufficiency in food
 Several successful programs on
improvement of public health
 Government investments  in the
Indian healthcare sector
 PROBLEM FACED

 During this time the Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi and
hence industrial development was the emphasis of this plan
some opposed it specially the communist groups, this slowed
down the pace of progress.
 SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1985-1989)
OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENTS
 Anti-poverty program
 Social Justice
 Improved facilities for education to
girls  Removal of oppression of the
 The government undertook to weak
increase productivity of  Using modern technology
•Oilseeds,Fruits,Vegetables  Agricultural development
•Pulses,cereals,Fish  Anti-poverty programs
•Egg,Meat,milk.
 Full supply of food, clothing,
 Communications
and shelter
• Emergence of informatics, and
hooking up of telecommunications  Increasing productivity of small
with computers and large scale farmers
 Transport  Making India an Independent
•  inland waterways, product Economy
pipelines, civil aviation, coastal
shipping
 PROBLEMS
 1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and hence
no five year plan was implemented.

 In 1991, India faced a crisis in foreign exchange(Forex)

reserves.
 Between 1990 and 1992, there were only Annual Plans.
 EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1992-1997) ACHIEVEMENTS
OBJECTIVES
 Rise in the employment level.
 To generate full scale employment
 Promote social welfare measures
like improved healthcare, sanitation,  Poverty reduction.
communication and provision for
extensive education facilities at all  Self-reliance on domestic resources.
levels
 To check the increasing population  Self-sufficiency in agricultural
growth by creating mass awareness production.
programs
 To encourage growth and  GDP Growth Per Annum 5.6
diversification of agriculture
 To strengthen the infrastructural
facilities
 To place greater emphasis on role of
private initiative in the development
of the industrial sector
 NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(1997-2002)
OBJECTIVES ACHIEVEMENTS

  A combined effort of public,
To prioritize rural development
private, and all levels of

To generate adequate employment
government.
opportunities

To ensure food and nutritional
security  Ensured the growth of India's

To provide for the basic economy.
infrastructural facilities like education
for all, safe drinking water, primary  Service sector showed fast growth
health care, transport, energy rate.

To check the growing population
increase

To encourage social issues like
women empowerment

To create a liberal market for increase
in private investments
 TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2002-2007)

This Plan was introduced in April 2002. The Plan was launched
when there were both positive and negative features.

Positive being, GDP growth rate was at 6.5% p.a. Population

growth had declined to less than 2%. Percentage of people below
the poverty line was decreasing. Literacy rate increased to 65% in
2001. Software and IT Services emerged as new sectors of
strength.

Negatives were that growth had generated less than expected

employment. The infant mortality rate had stagnated and there was
acute shortage of drinking water.
 OBJECTIVES

 An average annual growth rate of 8%

 Increase in per capita income at 6.4% p.a.
 Enhancement of human well being through an adequate level
of consumption of fixed and other type of consumer goods and
access to basic social services
 Expansion of economic and social opportunities for
individuals and groups and greater participation in decision
making.
 To transform the country into the fastest growing economy of
the world
Forests and environment
Science and technology
 ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN
(2007-2012)
OBJECTIVES

 The objective of the Plan is “Towards faster and more

inclusive growth”.
 Economic growth from 7.6%-9%.
 Agricultural growth from 2.13%-4%.
 Poverty reduction at level of 10%.
 Unemployment less than 5%.
 Employment generation 3 crore.
 Create an enabling environment for the socio, political and
economic empowerment of women.
 Literacy rate to be increased 85%.
 Forest cover to be increased 5%.
 ACHIEVEMENTS OF PLANNING
IN INDIA
 Growth of National and Per Capita Income

 Growth in Employment

 Distributive Justice

 Self-reliance

 Industrial Progress
THANK YOU