Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DEFINITION
• CLARITY
• BUFFER & pH
• TONICITY
• STERILITY
• PRESERVATIVES
• ANTIOXIDANTS
• VISCOSITY
• FOREIGN PARTICLES
• SURFACE ACTIVITY
CLARITY
• EYE DROPS
• EYE LOTIONS
• EYE OINTMENTS
• EYE SUSPENSIONS
• CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS
• OPHTHALMIC GELS
• OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS
• POWDER FOR SOLUTIONS
• GEL FORMING SOLUTIONS
EYE DROPS
• Sterile
• Iso-osmotic with lachrymal secretions
• Free from foreign particles, fibres and filaments
• Almost neutral pH
• Preserved with a suitable bactericide
• They should remain stable during its storage
Formulation of Eye-drops
• Preparation of bactericide and fungicidal vehicle
The aqueous or oily vehicles is used in the preparation of
eye drops.
The aqueous vehicles may support bacterial growth, then
bactericide may be used to preserve the eye drops
phenylmercuric nitrate/acetate – 0.002%
benzalkonium chloride – 0.01%
chlorohexidine acetate – 0.01%
• Preparation of solution of medicaments and adjuvants
the medicaments are dissolved in the aqueous vehicle
containing suitable antimicrobial agent
• Clarification
It clarified by passing the solution through membrane filter
having pore size of 0.8 μm.
The clarified solution is immediately transferred into the final
containers and sealed to exclude micro-organism
• Sterilization
it is sterilized by autoclaving or heating with
bactericide at 98o to 100o C for 30 mins. or
filtration through bacteria proof filter
• Containers
• Labelling
it should be labelled ‘FOR EXTERNAL USE
ONLY’ along with storage conditions to maintain
full activity
Single dose containers
Plastic containers
Glass containers
Sterilization
Autoclave:
Adjuvants used in the preparation of
Eye-drops
• Thickening agents
• Buffers
• Anti-oxidants
• Wetting agents
• Isotonicity adjustment substances
Precautions
• If the dropper is separate, always hold it with its
tip down
• Never touch the dropper surface
• Never rinse the dropper
• Never use eye-drops that have changed colour
• When the dropper is at the top of the bottle,
avoid contaminating the cap when removed
• After installation of drops, do not close eyes
tightly or blink more often than usual as this
may remove the medicine from the place where
it is needed
Example
Atropine eye-drops
• Atropine sulphate 1g
• Phenyl mercuric nitrate 50.0ml
solution 0.002%
• Purified water, add upto make an eye-drops
Direction
To be used as directed
EYE LOTIONS
Types
1.Sterile Aqueos Solution Containing No
Bacteriocidal (For 24 Hrs)
2. Sterile Aqueos Solution Containing
Bacteriocidal (For One Week)
EYE OINTMENTS
• Ophthalmic Ointments are anhydrous contain mineral oil
& white petrolatum as the base ingredients.
Eg: Atropine eye ointment.
Atropine sulphate – 1 g
Sterile base – 100 mg
Prepare an eye ointment
Sterile base contains
Liquid paraffin - 10g
Wool fat – 10g
Yellow soft paraffin – 80g
Advantage:
1. long contact time.
2. Greater bioavailability.
EYE SUSPENSIONS
• HARD LENSES
A wetting solution and soaking/ storing /
decontaminating solution is required
Ist – suitable for placing in the eye
IInd – Have contact with the eye
WETTING SOLUTIONS:
Achieve a rapid wetting by lachrylal fluid and
promote comfort
Facilitate insertion of lens
Provides cushioning and lubrication
Non irritants
• It contain
Wetting agent / polysorbate 80, polyvinyl
alcohol
Antimicrobial agent / BZK 0.004%, EDTA 0.1%
Tonicity / 0.92 – 1.1% NACl
Buffering agent pH 8.02 – 8.8
Boric acid and Borox buffer
Thickening agent – Hypromellose
Storing solution:
Purpose
Achieves cleaning and microbial inactivation
Hydrating
It contains surface active agents, pH 7.4,
Antimcirobials
SOFT LENS
Purpose
To remove deposit such as lipoprotein adhering to
lens after wear
It contains viscolizing surface active agents / hyper
mellose
Antibacterial BZK 0.004%
STORING SOLUTION
Purpose
Hydrating, cleaning, inactivation of microbial
contamination
It contains antibacterial / 3% H20 active against
keratitis contamination
Poly guad – Poly quaternium compound recently
introduced in soft lens neither adsorbed or
absorbed by lens and it has low toxicity to corneal
and occular tissue
CONTAINERS
Advantage:
(i) All of the final assays & tests to which the product
is subjected.
(ii) Chemical & biological tests such as
a) LEAKER TEST
b) CLARITY TEST
c) PYROGEN TEST
d) STERILITY TEST
Thank u…..