Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Nokia
Sierra PCMCIA The new
Nokia 9110 Ericsson R380 3G vision
CDPD Modem phone, which
features
3COM
wireless data
functions
Palm VII
WIRELESS COMPUTING
WIRELESS INTERNET
GROWTH GROWTH
- web access
- e-mail
- file transfer
- location services
- streaming audio
& video
8 Time Slots
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
9
EDGE Compact System Performance
Probability throughput < = X per timeslot Probability packet delay < = X
100 100
90 90
80 80
70 70
60 60
% 50 % 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
X (kb/s) X (msec)
300
250
single-slot
200
150 Multi-slot
100
50
0
9 18 27 36 45
55
7.2 MHz Spectrum 50
50
45
40
35
Normalized voice capacity
35
(Erlang/Site/MHz)
30 29
30
25
20
20
15
11 10
10
7
5
0
Baseline Enhanced
* 1/3 reuse
* no shadow fading change due to mobility *This assumes 30 mph vehicle speed for micro fading
*Signal-based power control is assumed for baseline EGRPS * SINR-based power control with adaptive target
*SINR-based power control & LI-DCA assumed for enhanced
Smart Antennas for EDGE
• Key enhancement technique to improve system capacity and user experience
• Leverage Smart Antennas currently in development/deployment for IS-136 & GSM
SIGNAL
OUTPUT
INTERFERENCE
BEAMFORMER
WEIGHTS
SIGNAL
BEAMFORMER
BEAM SIGNAL
SELECT OUTPUT
Deinter-
Receiver leaver
20 dB SNR
• Complement to EDGE/UMTS
• spectrum - 500 MHz to 3 GHz
• High peak data rates (up to 10 Mb/s) • 3G EDGE/WCDMA network for uplink, downlink,
in a 5 MHz channel control and signalling
Path Loss and Fading Challenge
Reflected signals
arrive spread out
Delay over 5 to 20
Spread microsecond
Path
Loss
path loss up to
~ 150 dB
(that is a 1 followed
by 15 zeroes)
Rayleigh
Fading
rapid fading of 20 to 30 dB
(power varies by 100 to 1000 times
in level at rates of about 100 times per second)
Cellular Interference Challenge
Each base station is equipped
1 with three 120 degree directional
antennas to reduce interference
Cumulative Probability
0.001
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25
• Multiple antennas at both the base station and terminal can significantly increase data
rates with sufficient multipath
• Ability to separate signals from closely spaced antennas has been demonstrated
indoors and in AT&T-Lucent IS-136 field trial
• Lucent has demonstrated 26 bps/Hz in 30 kHz channel with 8 Tx and 12 Rx antennas
indoors
• AT&T has performed measurements on 4 Tx by 4 Rx antenna configurations in full
mobile & outdoor to indoor environments
MIMO Channel Measurement System
• MIMO (BLAST & space-time coding) techniques increase bit rate and/or
quality on a link by creating multiple channels and/or enhancing diversity
• Switched/steered beam antennas for base stations and interference
suppression/adaptive antennas for terminals reduce interference,
increasing system capacity
OFDM for 4G Wireless
~ 6 kHz
• OFDM is being increasingly used in
~ 800 high -speed information transmission
tones
systems:
- European HDTV
- Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB)
- Digital Subscriber Loop (DSL)
~ 5 MHz
- IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN
FFT
received data
signals
FFT
synch word
remove
data
Estimator 1
. .
. .
IFFT . . FFT
2-branch
maximal-ratio .
.
.
.
. .
combining
Estimator 2
. . . . . .
WOFDM 2-Branch Diversity Performance
1
Word Error Rate
0.1
CC, k=9
CC, k=3
RS
0.01
0.001
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
SNR (dB)
Spectrum Efficiency
1
0.9 Synch CDMA
0.8
0.7
0.6 Dynamic Channel
0.5 Allocation with
Efficiency Power Control
0.4
0.3
Dynamic Channel
0.2
Allocation
0.1
0
5 7.5 10 12.5 15
SNR (dB)
Source: G. J. Pottie, IEEE Personal Communications, pp. 50-67, October 1995
4. Bases assign
channels to all
packets/mobiles
5. Bases forward
1. Mobile locks to channel assignment
the STRONGEST info to nearby
base 3. Serving base bases
forwards
measurements
to nearby bases
~ 50 % improvement in performance
Wideband OFDM Staggered Frame
Superframe Superframe
80 ms 80 ms
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 .....
Frame
20 ms
4 ms
20 OFDM
Blocks
2B 1B 2B
data Sync & data data
WOFDM Performance with Dynamic
Packet Assignment & 5 MHz of Spectrum
120
MR, No beam-forming
IS, No beam-forming
Ave. User Packet Delay (msec)
60
40
20
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500
800 kHz
RF A/D FFT
Erasure Data
Demodulator Decoder
detection Intf
RF A/D FFT
OFDM receiver
Summary: Key Features of 4G W-OFDM
• IP packet data centric
• Support for streaming, simulcasting & generic data
• Peak downlink rates of 5 to 10 Mbps
• Full macro-cellular/metropolitan coverage
• Asymmetric with 3G uplinks (EDGE)
• Variable bandwidth - 1 to 5 MHz
• Adaptive modulation/coding
• Smart/adaptive antennas supported
• MIMO/BLAST/space-time coding modes
• Frame synchronized base stations using GPS
• Network assisted dynamic packet assignment