Know AIDS

For
NO AIDS
 Introduction
•Acquired Immune
Deficiency
Syndrome (AIDS), a clinical
 syndrome (a group of
various illnesses that
together characterize a
disease.)

•It results from damage to

the immune system caused
by infection with the HIV-1 (in green) budding
human immunodeficiency from cultured lymphocyte.
virus (HIV).
•In HIV-
infected individuals,
there is a gradual loss of
immune cells (called
CD4+ T-lymphocytes)
and immune function.

•The mechanisms by
which HIV causes this
immune deficiency are
still not completely
understood, although
direct infection of CD4+ HIV-1 attacking the CD4-
T-lymphocytes by HIV lymphocytes
certainly plays a role.
 World’s AIDS map

Observations-
Most affected regions- USA, South Africa ,Eastern Africa, India
Severely affected regions- China , Russia, Brazil, Vietnam
Less affected regions –Australia, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan
 Symptoms
•People with AIDS often have
systemic symptoms of infection
like fevers, sweats(particularly at
night), swollen glands, chills,
weakness, and weight loss.

•The symptoms of AIDS are

primarily the result of conditions
that do not normally develop in
individuals with healthy immune
systems.

•Most of these conditions are

infections caused by bacteria,
viruses, fungi and parasites.
 Other symptom’s
 People with AIDS also have
•
an increased risk of
developing various cancers
such as Kaposi’s sarcoma-

 High-grade B cell
lymphomas such as
Burkitt’s lymphoma
pictured left-
 HIV tests (Diagnosis)
HIV antibody test-
•HIV antibody tests are the most
appropriate test for routine
diagnosis of HIV among adults. 
Antibody tests are inexpensive
and very accurate

•An HIV antibody test looks

•When a person is infected with
HIV, their body responds by
producing special proteins that
fight infection, called antibodies.
for these antibodies in
blood, saliva or urine. If
antibodies are detected, it
means a person has been
infected with HIV.
PCR (Polymerase chain
reaction ) Test-

•A PCR test (Polymerase Chain

Reaction test) can detect the
genetic material of HIV rather
than the antibodies to the virus,
and so can identify HIV in the
blood within two or three weeks
of infection.

•But, they are very expensive A Human Immunodeficiency

and more complicated to Virus
(HIV) virus. In the middle of the
administer and interpret than a virus is its viral genetic material.
standard antibody test.
 Treatment
•Drugs are not a cure, but
they can stop people from
becoming ill for many years.

•The treatment consists of

drugs that have to be taken
every day for the rest of a
person’s life.
These drugs are often known as –
•Some examples- •Antiretrovirals
•Anti-HIV drugs or Anti-AIDS
•Aptivus drugs
•Norvir •HIV antiviral drugs
•Atripla •ARVs
 Combination Therapy
•Taking two or more
antiretroviral drugs at a time is
called combination therapy.

•If only one drug was taken, HIV

would quickly become resistant
to it.

•Taking two or more

antiretrovirals at the same time
vastly reduces the rate at which Antiretrovirals kept
resistance would develop, together in a box.
making treatment more effective
in the long term.
 Prevention
•Globally, the most common
route of HIV transmission is
through sexual contact.

•The use of condoms is vital in

helping to prevent the sexual
transmission of HIV, the virus
that causes AIDS.

•Condoms also help to prevent

infection by STDs, such as “ AIDS: Your Problem,
gonorrhoea, Chlamydia, and Control With Condoms”.
hepatitis B. A road sign in Botswana.
 Condom
A condom awareness
programme in Argentina.

A condom prevents the

transmission of AIDS
through the sexual contact
 Such groups have helped
raise public awareness about
acquired immune deficiency
syndrome (AIDS), which
affects millions of people
worldwide.

These are some of the birth

control devices which
prevent the contact of the egg
and the sperm.
 Many cases of HIV transmission
occurred through contaminated
blood and transfusions which is
prevented by screening and
heat procedures.

HIV-infected mothers should avoid

breast-feeding their infant if
replacement feeding is acceptable,
feasible, affordable, sustainable and
safe
 Awareness Campaigns
•In 1990, HIV-infected
individuals were included
in the Americans with
Disabilities Act so that it
became illegal to
discriminate against such
individuals for jobs,
housing, and other social
benefits.

•Sex education is now The AIDS quilt travels on display to

promote public awareness of AIDS
started in some schools to Each panel is individually designed and
promote Sexual is dedicated to the memory of someone
awareness. who has died of AIDS.
Famous celebrities engaged in AIDS
Awareness

“Magic” Johnson Princess Diana Bill Clinton

“I'm going to beat it and I'm going to have fun.”

- "Magic" Johnson - referring to his HIV-positive status.
Thank-You
Made by-
Paramdeep
Singh
Bibliography-
•Google Images
•Wikipedia.com
•Avert.org
•Encarta Encyclopedia
•Unaids.org