Module 2

Young People and HIV Facts

Globally, 1.7 billion young

people aged 10-24 make up one quarter of the worlds population, 1.5 billion of them in developing countries. Despite young peoples vulnerability to HIV infection, their needs are often overlooked when national AIDS strategies are designed and implemented.

Young People and HIV Facts

As of 2007, an estimated 33.2

million young people were living with HIV, 5.4 million of whom were young people 15-24 years of age. Over 3,000 young people are infected with HIV daily, most of them female. In Sub-Saharan Africa, 3.2 young people are living with HIV (YPLHIV) and three young women are infected for every young man.

Young People and HIV Facts

2003 Young Adult Fertility & Sexuality Survey (YAFSS)

showed that 28% of young adults thought that AIDS is curable while 73% thought that they areimmune to HIV. Young people make up the large percentage of the marginalized groups: injecting drug users (IDUs) sex workers (SWs) men who have sex with men (MSM) homeless or living on the streets, disabled, imprisoned or care-giving youth youth in conflict zones. In countries where marginalized populations face stigma, criminalization, and violence, these youth are driven underground, and are too fearful to access services.

Philippines AIDS and HIV Registry

Of the 120 individuals reported, (March 2010) 13 were detected from voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) as part of ongoing community outreach activities.
Nine of the 120 (8%) reported cases were OFWs (89%) were males. The median age was 34 years (age range: 25-64 years). All cases acquired the HIV infection through sexual contact (4 heterosexual, 2 homosexual, and 3 bisexual).

Philippines AIDS and HIV Registry

Most of the cases (87%) were males. The median age was 28 years (age

range: 20-64 years). The 20-24 year (29%) and 25-29 year (28%) age-groups had the most cases. Forty-eight percent (58) of the reported cases were from the National Capital Region (NCR). For this year 2010, there were a total of 393 reported cases (Jan-March).

As of march 2010

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

HIV
HIV stands for
H

- Human I - Immunodeficiency V - Virus

HIV
This is the virus termed HIV

because it infects and affects only HUMAN BEINGS. Secondly, when it affects human beings, it destroys the bodys ability to fight off diseases. This renders the immune system defenseless and vulnerable to all forms of infections.

HIV Infection
HIV Infection Successful entry of HIV Nobody is immune Usually asymptomatic for 5 to 10 years Lifelong infection pregnancy

Theories regarding HIV / AIDS: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) from chimpanzee most likely mutated in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to cause AIDS. The Hunter Theory: It is said that the virus (SIV) was transferred to humans as a result of chimps being killed and eaten or their blood getting into cuts or wounds on the hunter. SIV on a few occasions adapted itself within its new human host and become HIV.
The Oral Polio Vaccine Theory: In this it is said that the virus was transmitted via various medical experiments (iatrogenically) especially through the polio vaccines. The Contaminated Needle Theory: African healthcare professionals were using one single syringe to inject multiple patients without any sterilization in between.

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

What is AIDS?
A-I-D-S stands for:
Acquired .. Something you get rather than you are born with Immune resistance or protection from disease Deficiency . absence of protective power Syndrome ..a variety of symptoms rather than one single disease

What is AIDS?
AIDS is the name of a disease,

which is caused by a virus that breaks down the bodys immune system and leads to fatal infection and later causes death to people.

HIV is the virus that causes

AIDS.

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

How does a person become infected with HIV?

The identified mode of transmission for HIV is the following:
Unprotected sexual

intercourse
HIV can enter a persons

bloodstream through the vagina, penis, or rectum during intercourse

How does a person become infected with HIV?

Contact with infected blood (e.g.,

blood transfusion)

HIV is transmitted though transfusions

of contaminated blood or blood components.

Today, because of blood screening and heat treatment, the risk of getting HIV from such transfusions is extremely small. Sharing of contaminated and unsterile needles and syringes can also predispose the person to acquiring the virus. Such instruments include injection needles, razor blades, safety pins, and many others among drug users, sharing needles becomes very risky activity and has caused many cases of HIV infection

How does a person become infected with HIV?

Mother to child transmission An HIV infected mother can pass HIV to her unborn baby.

This occurs mainly during pregnancy, during birth and during breastfeeding. Approximately one quarter to one third of all pregnant women infected with HIV will pass the infection to their babies.

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

Body fluids known to transmit HIV

BLOOD and BLOOD

PRODUCTS
Infected and unscreened

blood enters the bloodstream of another person either during blood transmission, organ donation and transplant, of the use of infected needles or syringes for injected drugs

Body fluids known to transmit HIV

SEMEN AND VAGINAL /

CERVICAL FLUIDS
Semen comes from

males, vaginal / cervical fluids come from female. This transmission is done through unprotected sexual intercourse or unprotected sex, meaning to say no condom or any protective barrier is used during the intercourse.

Body fluids known to transmit HIV

BREAST MILK An HIV-infected mother can transfer the virus to her child during pregnancy through placental blood exchange or exchange of blood in the placenta, or during delivery. Breastfeeding also predispose the baby to acquire the virus.

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

What does a person living with HIV looks like?

In the early stages, immune

deficiency may not cause any symptoms (known as the asymptomatic stage). Symptoms eventually develop are related to the disease or infection that attacks the body because of the failure of the immune system to protect the body

What does a person living with HIV looks like?

Symptoms
Extreme tiredness Unexplained and continued fever Unexplained or unusual diarrhea

and night sweats Loss of appetite Unexplained difficulty of sleeping Unexplained weight loss which is not due to any voluntary actions (e.g dieting, physical activities) Swollen glands around the neck, armpits or groins ( known as the swollen lymphnodes)

that lasting for weeks or month Unusual skin problem or diseases Progressive shortness of breath Development of Kaposis Sarcoma, Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP), severe infections with yeast, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus and parasites are expected in the later stage of AIDS.

Progression of HIV

Beginning: No symptoms, no weight loss

After few years, mild weight loss, mouth ulcers, itching, skin disease

After several years Important weight Loss, thrush, TB, fever

After 10 years: Wasting syndrome, chronic herpes simplex ulcerations, extrapulmonary TB

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

Types of HIV Test

ELISA tests are very sensitive. Most Rapid Test tests have a 99+% sensitivity with Rapid tests are commonly used HIV very few false negative results tests as they give results quickly and (showing a person is HIV negative do not require special equipment when he or she is in fact HIV positive). Rapid test results can be obtained within 5 to 30 minutes Western Blot Rapid tests are suitable for HIV Testing and Counseling centers and Western Blot HIV tests are antigen small local clinics with limited tests that are very accurate but also resources as results can be given very expensive. the same day, allowing pre- and Western Blot tests are often used as a post-test counseling to be done second HIV test conducted to confirm together. HIV test results (called confirmatory tests). ELISA The HIV ELISA antibody test is a commonly used test for HIV today

HIV CAN NOT pass from one person to another in the following kinds of contact:
Wearing someone elses

clothes or using articles belonging to them that they have touched (for example towels, bedding, toilet articles Living or sleeping in the same room as a person with HIV/AIDS Hugging or Sleeping with a baby or a child who has HIV/AIDS Swimming in a swimming pool, river or waterhole with a person or people with HIV/AIDS

Caring for children when the

adult is HIV-positive Travelling on crowded buses with a person or people with HIV/AIDS A person with HIV/AIDS coughing or sneezing with you Sharing food, cups and plates with a person with HIV/AIDS Caring for someone who has developed AIDS when basic good hygiene is observed Mosquito bites

HIV Treatment Hubs (Source: Phil. National Aids Council): Ilocos Reg. Training and Medical Center ( Region 1) Baguio General Hospital (CAR) Cagayan Valley Medical Center Phil. General Hospital (NCR) San Lazaro Hospital (NCR) RITM (NCR) Bicol Reg. Training and Medical Center (Region V) Western Visayas Medical Center (Region VI) Corazon Locsin Medical Center (Region VI) Vicente Sotto Medical Center (Region VII) Zamboanga City Medical Center (Region IX) Davao Medical Center (Region XII)

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

HIV/AIDS Related Risk Behavior

RISK is defined as the probability or

likelihood that a person may become infected with HIV. Certain behaviors create, increase, and perpetuate risk. Examples:
unprotected sex with a partner whose

HIV status is unknown multiple sexual partnerships involving unprotected sex injecting drug use with contaminated needles and syringes

HIV/AIDS Related Risk Behavior

Vulnerability results from a range of factors outside the

control of the individual that reduce the ability of individuals and communities to avoid HIV risk. These factors may include:
1.
2.

3.

LACK OF KNOWLEDGE AND PROPER APPLICATION SKILLS REQUIRED TO PROTECT ONESELF AND OTHER PEOPLE FACTORS PERTAINING TO THE QUALITY AND COVERAGE OF SERVICES (e.g. inaccessibility of service due to distance, cost or other factors) SOCIETAL FACTORS SUCH AS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, OR SOCIAL AND CULTURAL NORMS.

HIV/AIDS Related Risk Behavior

These norms can include

Wanggo Gallaga

practices, beliefs and laws that stigmatize and disempowered certain populations, limiting their ability to access or use HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support services and commodities. These factors, alone or in combination, may create or exacerbate individual and collective vulnerability to HIV.

HIV/ AIDS Prevention Education

Treatment related to HIV and AIDS

NO CURE has yet

been found for AIDS

However, primary

therapy for HIV infection includes three different types of antiretroviral

agents.

Treatment related to HIV and AIDS

Anti-retroviral (ARV) treatment(UNICEF. 2007): ARVs are medicines usually taken in combinations of two to four medicines that work to stop HIV from increasing in the blood. By reducing the amount of HIV, these medicines also help the number of CD4 cells in the body to increase, which in turn lets the body improve its own defenses against infection. ARVs work best when you have all the necessary information about treatment and a health care-provider who you trust.

Treatment related to HIV and AIDS

TAKE NOTE that the use of these treatments is not to cure the HIV/

AIDS rather to slow down the progression of the virus.