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Indian Financial System
 
1 Thakur College Of Science & Commerce
 
Indian Financial System
E
XECUTIVE
S
UMMARY
In 1990s, the balance of payments position facing the country had becomecritical and foreign exchange reserves had depleted to dangerously lowlevels i.e. $585 million, which was sufficient for financing just one week of India's exports.Since the initiation of reforms in the early 1990s, the Indian economy hasachieved high growth in an environment of macroeconomic and financialstability.The period has been marked by broad based economic reform that hastouched every segment of the economy. These reforms were designedessentially to promote greater efficiency in the economy through promotionof greater competition.The story of Indian reforms is by now well-documented, nevertheless, whatis less appreciated is that India achieved this acceleration in growth whilemaintaining price and financial stability.As a result of the growing openness, India was not insulated fromexogenous shocks since the second half of the 1990s. These shocks, globalas well as domestic, included a series of financial crises in Asia, Brazil andRussia, 9/11 terrorist attacks in the US, border tensions, sanctions imposedin the aftermath of nuclear tests, political uncertainties, changes in theGovernment, and the current oil shock. Nonetheless, stability could bemaintained in financial markets.
2 Thakur College Of Science & Commerce
 
Indian Financial System
Indeed, inflation has been contained since the mid-1990s to an average of around five per cent, distinctly lower than that of around eight per cent per annum over the previous four decades. Simultaneously, the health of thefinancial sector has recorded very significant improvement.India's path of reforms has been different from most other emerging marketeconomies: it has been a measured, gradual, cautious, and steady process,devoid of many flourishes that could be observed in other countries.Reforms in these sectors have been well-sequenced, taking into account thestate of the markets in the various segments.The main objective of the financial sector reforms in India initiated in theearly 1990s was to create an efficient, competitive and stable financial sector that could then contribute in greater measure to stimulate growth.For efficient price discovery of interest rates and exchange rates in theoverall functioning of financial markets, the corresponding development of the money market, Government securities market and the foreign exchangemarket became necessary. Reforms in the various segments, therefore, hadto be coordinated. In this process, growing integration of the Indianeconomy with the rest of the world also had to be recognized and providedfor.Till the early 1990s the Indian financial system was characterized byextensive regulations such as administered interest rates, directed credit programmes, weak banking structure, lack of proper accounting and risk 
3 Thakur College Of Science & Commerce
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