Land and property

Officials often steal state property. In Bihar, more than 80% of the subsidized food aid to
poor is stolen [5]. In cities and villages throughout India, Mafia Raj consisting of municipal
and other government officials, elected politicians, judicial officers, real estate developers
and law enforcement officials, acquire, develop and sell land in illegal ways.[12].

Tendering processes and awarding contracts

Government officials having discretionary powers in awarding contracts engage in

preferential treatment for selected bidders, display negligence in quality control
processes[citation needed]. Many state-funded construction activities in India, such as road
building, are dominated by construction mafias, which are groupings of corrupt public
works officials, materials suppliers, politicians and construction contractors. [13] Shoddy
construction and material substitution (e.g. mixing sand in cement while submitting
expenses for cement) result in roads and highways being dangerous, and sometimes
simply washed away when India's heavy monsoon season arrives.[14] Armed forces

The Indian Armed Forces have frequently witnessed corruption involving senior armed
forces officers from the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. Many officers have
been caught for allegedly selling defence stores in the black market in the border districts of
Indian states and territories. Recent sukhna land scandal involving four Indian Lieutenant
Generals has shaken public faith in the country's massive military at a time when
unprecedented sums are being spent on modernising the armed forces.

Medicine

In Government Hospitals, corruption is associated with non availability of medicines (or

duplicate medicines), getting admission, consultations with doctors and availing diagnostic
services.[9]. There have been cases of diversion of medical supplies from government
hospitals and clinics[citation needed] as well as supply and distribution of medicines of inferior
quality[citation needed]

Income tax

There have been several cases of collusion of officials of the income tax department of India
for a favorable tax treatment in return for bribes [

Police

Despite State prohibitions against torture and custodial misconduct by the police, torture is
widespread in police custody, which is a major reason behind deaths in custody.[22][23] The
police often torture innocent people until a 'confession' is obtained to save influential and
wealthy offenders.[24] G.P. Joshi, the programme coordinator of the Indian branch of the
Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative in New Delhi comments that the main issue at hand
concerning police violence is a lack of accountability of the police.[25]
Anti-corruption efforts
Computerization

 Bhoomi is a project jointly funded by the Government of India and the Government of
Karnataka to digitize the paper land records and create a software mechanism to control
changes to the land registry in Karnataka. The project was designed to eliminate the long-
standing problem of inefficiency and corruption.
 Introduction of smart cards for vehicle registration and drivers licenses by Karnataka
Regional Transport Organization[33].
 Enforcement automation of traffic violations by Bangalore Traffic Police [34].

Creation of Anti-Corruption Police and Courts

Some have called for the Central Government to create an anti-theft law enforcement agency
that investigates and prosecutes corruption at all levels of government, including state and
local level. Special courts that are more efficient than the traditional Indian courts with
traveling judges and law enforcement agents are being proposed. The proposal has not yet
been acted upon by the Indian government. Certain states such as Andhra Pradesh (Andhra
Pradesh Anti-corruption Bureau) and Karnataka (Lokayukta) have similar agencies and
courts [35][30]. The creation of a central agency with specialized courts with broad powers,
however, is likely to have greater impact in curbing corruption at all levels[opinion][citation needed].

Several new initiatives have come up in the private sector to raise awareness about
Corruption related issues and to build anti-corruption platforms. http://5thpillar.org is one
such organization that is promoting the use of Zero Rupee Notes [36] to fight corruption by
shaming the officials who ask for bribe.