NAME- SHAURYA RAI

PRN- 19010126246
4TH YEAR, BBA. LLB, DIV.-C
SUBJECT- PREVENTION of CORRUPTION LAWS
ASSIGNMENT- 2ND INTERNAL ASSESSMENT
 1) PARTICIPATION: The government of India is modelled after a democratic
federal system that includes participation from all facets of society in all decision-
making processes. In this system, the citizens who have the right to participate in the
decision-making process are also held responsible by the government, which also has
the duty to rule and establish policies.

The decision-making process under India's governance model involves a number of societal
sectors, including:

A) Civil Society: Community-based organisations (CBOs), non-governmental

organisations (NGOs), and other volunteer groups that advocate for citizens make up
the civil society. They contribute significantly to the decision-making process by
offering suggestions, criticism, and advice to the government.

B) Public Hearings: The engagement of the general public in decision-making is

facilitated via public hearings. For instance, the National Green Tribunal holds public
hearings to gather opinions from interested parties on environmental concerns.

C) The Gramme Sabha is an entity at the village level that supports local self-
governance. It serves as a forum for residents to engage in decisions that have an
impact on their lives. The Gramme Sabha has the authority to approve development
plans, oversee the operation of regional organisations, and keep an eye on programme
execution.
 2) In order to be responsive, the government must respond quickly and effectively to
the demands and concerns of its constituents. India has various systems in place to
guarantee responsiveness, including the Jan Dhan Yojana and the public grievance
redressal system.

The 2011 Public Grievance Redress Act:

The Public Grievance Redressal Act gives citizens a way to complain to government agencies
when their problems are delayed or not addressed at all. The Act mandates that public entities
establish grievance redressal systems at various administrative levels and react to complaints
within a stipulated time frame. This Act has been crucial in resolving people' issues and
enhancing the capacity of the government to meet their demands.

3) TRANSPARENCY

Several laws and initiatives that have been implemented in India to increase political
openness include the following:

A) (2005) Right to Information Act

Citizens have the ability to request information from government agencies, including political
parties, on a variety of topics relevant to governance and political activity under the Right to
Information (RTI) Act. By enabling individuals to obtain information on how public
resources are being spent, this Act has significantly improved openness and accountability in
the political system.

B) The Representation of the People Act, 1951:

The Representation of the People (RP) Act regulates the conduct of elections in India. The
Act provides for the registration of political parties, disclosure of party funding, and
monitoring of election expenditure by political parties and candidates. This Act has been
instrumental in promoting transparency in the election process and curbing the use of money
power in politics.
 4) RULE of LAW

Through a number of processes, India has incorporated the idea of the rule of law into its
system of government. Here are a few examples:

Constitution of India: The 1950-adopted Indian Constitution is the ultimate law of the nation,
and all laws and government actions in India must be in accordance with it. The separation of
powers between the executive, legislative, and judicial parts of government is guaranteed by
the Constitution, guaranteeing that no one branch has uncontrolled authority.

Independent Judiciary: The Indian judiciary is a stand-alone part of the Indian government
that serves as a check on the other branches. Judges have the authority to interpret the
Constitution and overturn unlawful laws, guaranteeing that the rule of law is upheld.

5) Inclusiveness and equality are necessary components of a just society."To all its
citizen: Justice, social, economic and political; Liberty of thought, expression, belief,
faith and worship; Equality of status and of opportunity," states the Indian
Constitution. The concept of equality is not only a platitude in the Constitution. It
displays a thorough comprehension of the useful implications of freedom and
equality.

The equality concept is covered in Articles 14 through 18. Accordingly, Article 14 states that
"The State shall not deny to any person within the territory of India, equality before the law
or the equal protection of the laws." The Supreme Court has said in a number of decisions
that Article 14 is its genus and equality-related provisions are its species. Equity and
inclusiveness are important values in Indian politics and society, and there have been several
legislations passed to promote these values. Here are some examples:

Reservation Policy: Under the Indian government's reservation policy, historically

underrepresented groups like Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other
Backward Classes (OBCs) are given a certain percentage of seats in educational institutions
and government jobs. These communities now have access to possibilities for work and
education that were previously unavailable to them because to the reserve policy.

All children between the ages of six and fourteen are entitled to free and compulsory
education under the Right to Education Act (RTE). The act strives to guarantee that all
children, regardless of socioeconomic status, have access to high-quality education.

The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989: This
legislation provides for the prevention of atrocities against members of the Scheduled Castes
and Scheduled Tribes, and prescribes stringent punishments for those who violate its
provisions.

6) Consensus orientation: A fundamental tenet of the Indian style of governance is

consensus orientation, which strives to foster cooperation, collaboration, and
consensus-building among various decision-making stakeholders. The federalist
system is one of the main ways that consensus orientation is expressed in Indian
governance. The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system of governance that
divides authority between the federal government and the states. In order to reach an
agreement on significant policy choices that have a national impact, the various levels
of government must cooperate.

The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005, is another example of a law that
reflects the principle of consensus-building. This law provides for a guaranteed right to
employment for rural households, and is based on the idea that poverty reduction and
employment generation can only be achieved through a collaborative effort between the
government and the people.

7) Government effectiveness and efficiency: Indian politics places a high priority on effective
and efficient government, and several laws have been passed to further this idea. We'll talk
about some of the most important laws in Indian politics that support successful and efficient
administration in this examination.

2013's National Food Security Act The goal of this act is to provide food security for all
Indian citizens. It enables the delivery of subsidised food grains to the most in needy
members of society, such as old people, children, and pregnant women. The law has played a
critical role in lowering food waste and increasing the effectiveness of the public distribution
system.

The Aadhaar Act, 2016 - This piece of law enables the biometric identification of Indian
citizens in a unique way. In addition to assisting in the eradication of duplicate and fraudulent
identities, it has proven crucial in enhancing the effectiveness of government services
including the distribution of subsidies.

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, 2017, is a piece of legislation that unifies several
indirect taxes into a single tax in an effort to simplify India's taxation structure. It has been
crucial in enhancing the country's ease of doing business, cutting down on tax evasion, and
enhancing the effectiveness of the tax system.

8) ACCOUNTABILITY: The Indian concept of government places a strong emphasis on

accountability, and several laws have been passed to support this idea. In this study, we'll talk
about some of the important political laws in India that work to encourage accountability.

The 1988 Preventing Corruption Act - With this Act, public officials will be held responsible
for their actions and would be protected from corruption in government. It allows for the
punishment of dishonest officials and has proven crucial in fostering accountability and
openness in governmental operations.

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 - This legislation establishes an independent body to
investigate and prosecute corruption cases against public officials. It aims to ensure that
corrupt officials are held accountable and that the public has faith in the government's ability
to tackle corruption.