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 NATURE
OF
THEORIES
 system of ideas that is proposed
to explain a given phenomenon.
(e.g., theory of gravity)

CHARACTERISTICS OF
THEORY:


logical in nature.
generalizable.
THEORY
 bases for hypotheses that can be tested.
 [thee-uh-ree, theer-ee]
 increasing the general body of
knowledge within the discipline  from ancient Greek word
through the research implemented to THEORIA meaning looking
validate them. at, viewing, contemplating,
 used by the practitioners to guide and speculating.
improve their practice.
 consistent with other validated
theories, laws, and principles but will
leave open unanswered questions that
need to be investigated.
Theory of Evolution
Charles Darwin
Nightingale’s Environment theory
COMPONENTS OF
THEORY

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/introduction.html
 Building blocks of
theories.
 are basically
vehicles of thought CONCEPT
that involve images.
 are words that  [kon-sept]
 From Greek word
describe objects, CONCEPTUM meaning
something “conceived”
properties, or events.
 are statements that
explain the
relationship between
the concepts.
 a statement in which
something is PROPOSITION
affirmed or denied,
 [prop-uh-zish-uhn]
so that it can  From Greek word PROPOSICIO
therefore be -  a setting forth, setting out in
words.
significantly
characterized as
either true or false.
 Pattern of shared
understandings and
assumptions about
reality and the world.
 A set of assumptions,
PARADIGM
concepts, values, and  [par-uh-dahym, -dim]
practices that  From Greek word
constitutes a way of PARADIGMA pattern to show
side by side
viewing reality for the
community that shares
them, especially in an
intellectual discipline.
 basedon four
theoretical concepts
METAPARADIGM
of nursing: person,
environment, health,  From Greek word META
meaning “with” and
and nursing PARADIGMA meaning
“pattern”.
a representation,
generally in
miniature, to show
the construction or
appearance of MODEL
something.    [mod-l]
 are representations - Also termed as paradigms.

of the interaction
among and between
the concepts
showing patterns.
METAPA
RADIGM
 NURSING

THEORIES
is an organized and systematic articulation of a set of
statements related to questions in the discipline of nursing.

 is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and

assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or
from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic
view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships
among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining,
predicting, and /or prescribing.
 CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING
THEORIES
A. Depending On Function (Polit et al 2001)

●
Descriptive-to identify the properties and workings of a discipline
●
Explanatory-to examine how properties relate and thus affect the discipline
●
Predictive-to calculate relationships between properties and how they occur
●
Prescriptive -to identify under which conditions relationships occur

B. Depending on the Generalizability of their

principles

●
Metatheory: the theory of theory. Identifies specific phenomena through abstract concepts.
●
Grand theory: articulate a broad range of the significant relationships among the concepts
of a discipline
 CLASSIFICATION OF NURSING
THEORIES
C. Principles of the discipline can be identified.

●
Middle range theory: focus on exploration of concepts such as pain, self-esteem, learning, and
hardiness
●
Practice theory: explores one particular situation found in nursing. It identifies explicit goals
and details how these goals will be achieved.

D. Based on the philosophical underpinnings of the

theories

●
“Needs “theories: based around helping individuals to fulfil their physical and mental needs.
●
“Interaction” theories: revolve around the relationships nurses form with patients.
●
“Outcome “theories: portray the nurse as the changing force, who enables individuals to adapt to or cope with ill health.
●
Humanistic theories: developed in response to the psychoanalytic thought that a person’s destiny was determined early in
life.
COMPONENTS
OF
NURSING
THEORIES
 CLIENT
 Recipient of nursing care.
 Includes individuals, families,
groups and communities.
 HEALTH
HEALTH
 A state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being,
and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity. (WHO,
1948)
 A state of being well and using
every power the individual
possesses to the fullest extent.
(Nightingale, 1969)
ILLNESS
 Is a highly personal state
in which a person’s
physical, emotional,
intellectual, social,
developmental, or
spiritual functioning is
thought to be diminished.
 ENVIRONMENT
all the conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and
affecting the development of an organism or person.

INTERNAL FACTORS EXTERNAL FACTORS

 Biologicdimension  Standards of living
 Psychologic  Environment
dimension  Family and cultural
 Cognitive dimension beliefs
 Social support
network
 NURSING
The attributes, characteristics, and
actions of the nurse providing care in
behalf of, or in conjunction with, the
client.
PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORIES
NURSING NURSING NURSING
E D U C AT I O N PRACTICE RESEARCH

Is used primarily to Facilitates reflection, Continuous research in

establish the questioning and nursing opens new
profession’s place in thinking on what nurses theoretical perspectives
universities. do. that provides an
essential service by
To transmit the body of identifying gaps in the
nursing way we approach
knowledge to those specific fields of study.
who will practice,
teach,
lead, and do research in
nursing.
REFERENCES:
Kozier B, Erb, G. (2004) Fundamentals of Nursing (7 th edition)

www.prenhall.com/kozier

www.rsu.edu/faculty/LAndrews/Nursing Theory, Fall 2002.ppt

http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/introduction.html

://
www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/frameworks-in-nursing-theory-and-practical-89990.html
#ixzz0rT7oDYoF
THANK YOU!
Jonilynn Ann G. Jingco, RN