N E P H R O L I T H I A S I S

Non- modifiable factors: Modifiable factors:

 Age > diet

 Sex- Male > Urinary stasis
> Low fluid intake
> Smoking and Alcoholism
> Gouty Arthritis
>Certain meds

Uric acid, ammonia phosphate

And calcium oxalate stone material deposition
On proximal renal tubule

Super saturation of urine by stone nephrocalcinosis on proximal tubule

Forming constituents

Randall’s plaque low back pain

Hyperkalemia
nidation of crystals or foreign bodies
from the supersaturated urine
Urinary tract infection cause by
Urea splitting microorganism
increase production of WBC Pyuria

Progression of stone to
Loop of Henle

Accumulation of stones and Dysuria

increasing in size

Blood Bessel wall surface Hematuria

Attraction and erosion

Stone formation in kidneys Proteinuria

Increase size of stones in kidneys

Stone matrix progression

Multiple urinary calculus