Incad Manual

MTS INCAD
INCAD - An Integrated NC- and 2D-CAD-System
INCAD has been conceived for design and workshop drawing tasks. The system supports the crea-
tion, modification and documentation of workshop drawings, being particularly convenient to make
out new designs and to customize existing drawings.
Apart from creating workshop drawings for engineering design (with dimensioning according to the
German Standard DIN 406) the user can employ this very versatile CAD system to create symbols
(macros), which is useful especially in the fields of measuring and automatic control practice, elec-
tronic controls, hydraulics and pneumatics.
A further important application of INCAD is the conversion of CAD-design into NC machining cycles
for turning and milling and for dressing of profile grinding wheels. INCAD comes with an integrated
NC-program system module which makes the transfer of geometry data into NC programs a very
simple task (taking into account the tool- and technology-data). Standard cycles are supported as
well.
By combining INCAD with the MTS Simulator for Turning and Milling, a further step in integrating
CAD-CAM has been realized: programs generated with INCAD‘ s NC functions can be tested and
optimized.
Postprocessors are available for all current CNC control systems - program transfer to any CNC
machine tool is possible.
INCAD and the Simulator for Turning and Milling, in combination with the available postprocessors
thus make up the integrated MTS CAD-CAM system, a software package which includes all func-
tions needed in practice: from design via NC program generation and the test run of programs in
the Simulator until the point of actual program execution on a CNC machine tool.
Data exchange files in the DXF or IGES format allow the link-up to other CAD systems.
INCAD is easy to learn and easy to use. The user is guided by a variety of clear and simple menus.
To select a single menu function it will be sufficient to click it on (on the screen) or to >pick< it (on
your digitizer tablet). Available commands are grouped by functions within each menu.
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MTS Description of the Software
1. Description of the Software
1.1 System Structure

The levels comprising the INCAD system are:
- Management
- CAD-Design and
- NC-Programming.
These levels containing the relevant menus are arranged as shown in the following >tree<:
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INCAD can be started either from the DOS level (by entering the program name INCAD) or by se-
lecting the appropriate menu item in the MTS start screen. After the system start-up the user enters
the management level.
Management:
"Drawings file" will be the default activated file; all directories in the current drive as well as all
stored designs are listed. File types are:
- Drawings file
- Symbols library
- DXF-file
- IGES-file
Furthermore are listed (under the menu item CNC-management):
- Turning Program
- Milling Program
- Dressing Program
- by selecting one of these items you will be shown a listing of the respective files available.
Design:
The design level is activated in the following way:
- by entering the name of a new workshop drawing via the keyboard

- by entering the name of an existing workshop drawing via the keyboard
- by selecting a displayed drawing with the cursor
The latter is effected by positioning the cursor in the applicable coloured field with the name of the
design drawing you want to invoke, and then striking the <F1>-key.
When entering the name of a workshop drawing via the keyboard another path can be specified; in
particular workshop drawings stored in the directories of other drives can be activated this way.
On this level all common CAD functions are at the user‘ s disposal; in addition to this an NC-
program code in accordance with German Standard DIN 66025 can be generated, relating to ob-
jects which are part of a drawing.
Further workshop drawings can be loaded concurrently into a current drawing; modifications may be
interim-stored as desired.
Before returning from the design level to the management level, you may either store or discard the
drawing.
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1.2. Input Devices and Graphical Interaction
1.2.1 General Advice

In INCAD the generation of workshop drawings is based on the entry of graphic entities, which can
be effected by
- localizing positioning data within universal coordinates.
To do this, a mouse, a digitizer tablet with a pen, or a digitizer tablet with a puck (mouse and cross-
hairs) may be employed.
- Recognition or identification (picking) of a graphic entity
will normally be effected, with INCAD, through re-positioning of the cross-hairs or the cursor. Again
various graphic input devices may be used for identification, such as the mouse or the tablet.
Localization and identification tasks can alternately be performed by entering coordinates on the
alphanumeric keyboard.
- The input of a real parameter,
e.g. the length of a line, absolute or relative coordinates of a point, or the input of text is possible on
the alphanumeric keyboard alone.
Apart from the tasks of graphic positioning and identifying entities, a digitizer pen or mouse can be
used for menu and function selection.
Depending on the number of their keys, graphic input devices can be used to perform additional
functions.
A standard mouse with two or more keys can be employed to control the following INCAD functions:
- positioning and localizing (left key).

- cancelling of input or of a function (right key).
On the alphanumerical keyboard these functions are controlled by the function keys <F1> and
<F2>.
When a puck with four keys is employed, two more functions can be activated:
- the termination of entries in the case of sequential input.

- undoing the effects of the last function executed, e.g. the removal of the last entity en-
tered.
On the alphanumerical keyboard this is effected by pressing the function keys <F2> resp. <F4>.
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Diagram: Key Functions of a Two-key Mouse.
Diagram: Key Functions of a Four-key Puck.
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1.2.2 How to Use the INCAD Tablet Overlay

When you are employing a digitizing tablet you can additionally use an overlay foil by which usability
will be enhanced significantly, as most INCAD functions are then directly accessible without the
need of reverting to the main menu. When you are picking a field of the overlay, the applicable
menu will be immediately invoked and the chosen function activated.
To install the overlay foil you will have to
(1) edit the configuration accordingly,
(2) position the foil axially parallel on the tablet
(3) inform the system on the position of the foil.
(1) To make your entries concerning the tablet foil you have to invoke the configuration program
(see "Instruction Manual for Configuration Program" Chapter 3.3 "Graphic Tablet") and subsequently:
- select the menu item "Tablet Selection" and enter a valid combination of parameters
applying to the tablet employed
- select the menu item "Driver File" and enter any data (no data is not permitted).
All entries in the menu field "Driver File" will be interpreted simultaneously by the Simulator and by
INCAD. While the Simulator reads the file entered, the INCAD program always reads the
".\TABLETT.DAT" file, as long as there is any entry (any string of characters) in the input field
"Driver File".
The "INCAD Tablet Foil" is different from the overlay used with the Simulator. The option of ma-
nipulating the positioning marks in the configuration program is therefore not valid with INCAD.
(2) Please make sure that the overlay is positioned axially parallel on the tablet and that its input
fields are completely within the digitizable area of the tablet.
(3) If a tablet has been connected and input via overlay has been configurated, INCAD will give you
with each program initialization the following prompt:
(Input only via PC-keyboard)
<F1> permanent; <F2> local; <RETURN> unchanged; <F3>
Not to be operated !;
This message will be displayed for about 10 seconds in the two dialogue lines. During this lapse of
time you can interrupt the standard delay by making entries on the PC-keyboard. If no key is acti-
vated the program assumes that the <RETURN> key has been pressed, and the initialization of the
program will be continued.
Keys <F1>, <F2>: To re-position the tablet overlay you must operate <F1> or <F2> within the ten-
second span mentioned above. Re-positioning is then effected by touching two marked points on
the foil - the so-called "positioning marks" (which are called "register marks" in the description of the
Simulator software).
The user will be prompted by the system request
1st Positioning mark !
to select the lower left positioning mark on the foil; the subsequent prompt
2nd Positioning mark !
is a request to click-on the upper right corner.
By pressing the <F1>-key the new position of the overlay can be acknowledged to be a permanent
setting; pressing <F2> means that this foil position will only be set for the current program run.
Key <F3>: Pressing <F3> impedes the initializing of the tablet overlay - to the effect that the storage
capacity for INCAD is enhanced. Your entries in the configuration program are not affected by this.
But the graphic tablet will then only be employable to position the cursor - the way you would use
the mouse.
Key <RETURN>: By pressing the <RETURN> key you can shorten the preset delay time.
With the overlay regularly initialized, the tablet will be subdivided in the following way:
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The menu bar 1 on the overlay foil is relevant for all entries, except the operation mode "Input Sys-
tem". In this mode the menu bar 2 is operative; the graphic input field will be located as is described
on page 38.
Menu bar 2 will be also operative in the case that you do not employ or could not initialize the foil.
The graphic input field is then located to the left of this menu bar.
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Note:
- On the overlay foil only those functions are available which can be directly executed (i.e. without
preconditions). E.g. the functions of the menu "Manipulate Dimensioning" are not available because
their execution is dependent on the previous selection of a type of dimensioning.
- With certain program parts the use of the foil is inhibited. Such program parts are:
- File Management
- Dressing program
- Turning and Milling programs and
- the operation mode "Input System"
Possible errors:
Problem: Entries via the foil are not computed correctly:
Possible causes:
1. The positioning marks have not been properly touched

2. The foil has slid.
3. The "TABLETT.DAT" file loaded is not compatible with the INCAD-version employed.
Remedy:
1., 2. Re-initialize INCAD and enter the positioning marks correctly.
3. Use the MS-DOS-functions to load the actual version of the "TABLETT.DAT" file (or
reinstall the software).
Problem: the positioning marks cannot be read.
Possible causes:
1. The foil is too large for the tablet employed.
2. The positioning marks are not located within the digitized area.
Remedy:
1.,2. Shift the foil or reduce the foil size.
Problem: Error message while initializing:
File could not be opened !
Possible cause: The file "TABLETT.DAT" is not available.
Problem: Error message while initializing:
Reading error !
Possible cause: Invalid entries in the "TABLETT.DAT" file.
Remedy:
Copy a valid version of this file (from your installation diskettes).
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1.3 Graphic Display Screen
1.3.1 Screen Layout

The graphic display screen is subdivided into four parts, namely:
- the menu field (right margin),

- the switch line (upper margin),
- two text lines for the alphanumeric dialogue, as well as a status line (bottom margin)
and the so-called
- operational area.
As an active window the operational area on the screen will serve two different purposes, depend-
ing on whether the management or the design level is the operative sytem status. When on the
management level, a list of existing files of the current file type contained within the specified path
will be displayed in this screen window, together with a list of further sub-directories, whereas on the
design level the operational area serves as the drawing field.
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1.3.2 Output of the Graphic Display Screen (Hardcopy)

The entire contents of the graphic display screen is able to be outputted on a line printer. This func-
tion is performed with the <PRINT>- key on the PC keyboard, provided that the so-called "printer
driver" is already installed in the main storage of your PC. For the installation of the driver software
and the setting up of printers, see the instruction of the manufacturer. All drivers not currently
needed should be removed from the working storage of the computer, as they take up memory
space and limit the working storage capacity of the program to be run.
1.4 Menu Field, Selection of Functions

The menu field shown at the right margin of the screen will contain up to a maximum of 21 lines of
commands. The selection of a function is carried out by positioning the cursor in the menu field on
the desired function and then pressing the <F1>-key.
When selected this way a function is activated; the respective line will be highlighted in colour. Each
function remains operative until another is selected to which then the "active" status is assigned.
With some menus, after their invocation, some lines in the applicable menu bar will appear already
highlighted in colour, although the respective function(s) have not been selected by the user. In
these cases preset functions ("default options") have been activated by the INCAD system; these
can, however, be edited at any time by selecting another function from the menu bar.
The applicable single steps in the interactive operation of INCAD will be further explained in the
following paragraphs, which give detailed descriptions of the various functions.
1.5 Additional Menu Functions (Switches)

In addition to the menu functions for program execution, there are a number of special functions -
hereafter referred to as switches - which serve to pre-define one of two or more operational states,
and which thus pre-determine the performance of the actual menu functions.
Switches applying to general program functions are shown in a so-called >Switch Line< (cf. below,
Paragraph 1.6 Switch Line) at the upper margin of the screen. Switches for special menu functions
are shown in the upper part of the applicable menu.
There are two categories of switches (also called "classes"):
1. The first class contains switches for pre—settings with a global effect on a menu function
(e.g.: the "radius" switch in the circle menu). These switches must be set prior to the invoca-
tion of a menu.
2. The second class contains switches only to be operated during the input of points, while a
function is active (e.g. trapping criteria, in the switch line). These switches can be reset for
each new entry of a point, the switch position can also be altered while the function remains
active.
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After the start-up of INCAD all switches are set to their respective "standard" state. To set a switch
to a different position it must be activated which is done in the following way:
a) Switches in the switch line are shown with all their possible positions, the current setting is
highlighted in colour. Switching over is effected by selecting a different position.
b) In the menu bar switches with two possible positions are shown with both positions in the
same line, each occupying one half of the line. The current state of the switch is indicated by
the highlighting in colour of one half, to switch over the respective other half must be se-
lected.
c) When switches in the menu bar occupy more than two positions, the switch itself must be
selected to shift to the next option. A text message will appear, indicating the now current
switch position.
Switch positions are self-retaining, i.e. each setting remains active until a new position is activated.
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1.6 Switch Line

The text line above the drawing area (called switch line in the following) contains mainly those
switches which apply to the input of points and which can be reset prior to each point input.
Switch Absolute Relative

This switch applies to the input of geometric parameters via the keyboard (cf. the de-
scription of input possibilities in this chapter).
Switch Prec (Precision)

This switch serves to define discrete steps for the movement of the graphic cursor in
the drawing field. It follows that the values of coordinate points to be graphically de-
fined will not be optional but have to conform to an invisible grid.
After the switch has been activated, a mask will appear in the first dialogue line in
which then the precision of input in x and y can be set.
Switch Pts (Points)

Activating this switch effects the display (as small crosses) of contour points and mid-
dle points on all active layers. These marked points can be dimensioned, the colour of
the small crosses can be configurated.
Switch - Con Grd Mid Prj Int Cen End Spc (trapping parameters)
This switch serves to localize points in existing entities and to make them reference
points for further input ; (cf. the description of input modes in this chapter).
Switch Con Aux

This switch serves to determine whether subsequently generated entities shall be
contours or auxiliary contours.
Switch L1 L2 L3
This switch applies to the first three layers in the layers menu (listed here symbolically
as L1, L2, L3).
Selecting one of the three switch positions will make the corresponding layer the active
layer for contour generation. To make a layer other than these three the active layer for
contour generation, the function "contour generation layer" must be invoked from the
layers menu.
Alternately the function "edit sequence of layers" can be used to place a layer to be ac-
tivated for contour generation on top of the list so it can be selected by resetting the
switch.
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1.7 Status Line

Below the two text lines, reserved for the alphanumerical dialogue, there is a so-called status line in
which the following parameters will be displayed:
- X-, Y- coordinates,
- trapping mode for a point,
- the name of the active file and
- the product name (INCAD) with the version number
1.8 Text Lines

Below the drawing and menu fields are two text lines - hereafter referred to as dialogue lines - in
which the alphanumeric dialogue with INCAD is transacted.
If you are in the input mode of an active function, coordinates, angles, lengths and radii can be en-
tered, as well as text. Up to a maximum of 60 characters are permitted with the entry of text.
With each input request a help message will be displayed in the two text lines. In the case of op-
erator’s mistakes an error message will indicate the cause of the problem. Before further proceed-
ing with INCAD, you must acknowledge this message by pressing the <F1>-key.
1.9 Operational Area (Graphic Input Window)

Graphics and text can be positioned within this screen area. Its size is dependent on the display
screen.
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MTS Selection of Entities
1.10 Selection of Entities
1.10.1 Identification of a Single Entity

There are different ways of localizing graphic entities within the drawing field. The actual identifica-
tion task will depend on the number of entities to be selected.
To identify a single entity within the drawing field you simply have to position the cursor on this entity
and then press the <F1> key.
Whether the identification task has been successfully completed will be indicated to the user by the
recognized entity being displayed
- dotted (on a monochromatic graphic screen)

- or marked in grey (on a colour screen)
If there are several entities located at the chosen position, the selection of entities will be transacted
in the following dialogue:
Adopt with <F2>, Continue with <F1> !
When the <F2>-key is operated the dotted entity will be identified and will be subject to further edit-
ing.
Pressing <F1> only serves to have the different options displayed, one after the other, so that you
can finally adopt the entity of your choice with the <F2>-key.
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MTS Menu Windows
1.10.2 Identification Within a Window

To serve a number of special applications, entities may be grouped in a window and then edited like
a single entity. You may thus apply a further mode of identification, recognizing various entities at
the same time. To activate this identification mode you have to select the function " Def. Win." from
the Windows Menu (which is available in the menu bar with certain menus only):
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
All Switch to identify all existing entities simulta-

nously
Frame Cut. Switch for identification of entities within a

window as well as entities cut by the window
frame
Frame Cont. Switch for identification of only those entities

contained in a window frame.
Entity Switch for identification of a single entity
Remove Function to remove entities from a window
Insert Function to insert entities into a window
Edit Menu Activates the Edit Menu
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MTS Menu Windows
When the Windows Menu is activated, the default active functions are:
Frame Cont. and
Insert
The respective menu fields are highlighted in colour.
The window is defined by entering two diagonally opposed points, it will be displayed, in the graphic
input area of the screen, as an axially parallel rectangle. The user is requested to enter the first
corner point of the window by the following input request which appears in the upper dialogue line:
Enter the first point of the rectangle !
After you have specified the position of this starting point for the window another input prompt will
appear:
Enter the end point of the rectangle !
requesting the user to enter a second point, by whose position relative to the first point the height
and width of the window is determined. While you move the cursor in the graphic input area of the
display screen, the position of the rectangle end point (i.e. the size of the window to be defined) is
continuously shifted accordingly. By pressing the <F1> key you can finally determine the size and
location of this graphics window. All entities located entirely within the window frame will be se-
lected, the simultaneous identification of various entities is thereby completed for the time being.
If you wish to identify all entities, those situated within the window as well as those intersected by
the window frame, please select on the menu bar the function
Frame Cut.
You may then proceed as with the menu item "Frame Cont.".
If you wish to identify single entities, please select
Entity
on the menu bar. In the upper dialogue line the following prompt will appear:
Identify entity !
requesting you to identify a single entity or, one after the other, a number of entities. The window
frame resulting from this operation will be computed from the minimum and maximum coordinates
of the entities identified.
In the procedure previously described, single entities are always added to a group of (already iden-
tified) entities.
To leave this mode you have to activate the function
Remove
on the menu bar. Selecting an entity will now effect its removal from the group. This
may be very helpful if you wish to remove single entities from a large group of already
identified entities. By selecting
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MTS Menu Windows
Insert
on the menu bar, you can revert to the default "Insert Mode".
A defined window can be modified to the effect that single entities or entities which are contained
within another (sub-) window are inserted or removed. The frame indicating the window in the dis-
play will be automatically made to to fit the maximum and minimum coordinates of the graphic enti-
ties it contains. Entities which have been removed will be displayed in their original colour and line
type.
By activating the switch
Insert
and the function
All
you can group all existing entities in a window. Correspondingly, by activating the switch
Remove
and the function
All
you can completely delete a selected window. The marked frame will disappear and the graphic
entities will be displayed in their respective original colours and line types.
Each selected window is retained until either <F4> ("undo") is pressed or a new window is created
by activating the windows menu.
Operating <F3> causes abortion of the procedure to the effect that none of the entities are adopted
and the user will be immediately returned to the Edit Menu.
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MTS Keyboard
1.11 Special Keys

The execution of commands is dependent on your input via the different input devices that can be
employed. The following diagram gives a survey of special keys on the standard PC-keyboard and
their denotation with INCAD:
Where a mouse or a digitizer tablet is employed, certain functions may be activated by the mouse
or puck keys. It follows that the denotations <F1>, <F2>, ..., normally referring to the function keys
("softkeys") on the PC-keyboard, are, with INCAD, used for the applicable mouse and puck keys as
well.
In the following, the softkeys concerned are listed together with their corresponding mouse and
puck keys. Furthermore a number of keys on the keyboard which are used with INCAD, will be in-
troduced and explained.
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MTS Keyboard
1. <F1>-key:
- Keyboard : function key <F1>
- Puck : key 1
- Mouse : left key
- Pen : single touch
This key serves to select menus and functions and to identify objects.
2. <F2>-key:
- Puck : key 2 (single click-on)
- Puck : key 1 (double click-on)
- Mouse : left key (double click-on)
- Pen : double touch
With certain functions this key serves to quit. It can also be used to move the cursor (within an Input
Mask) to the next input field where an entry is requested. You can thus adopt default values by
skipping an input field or (if there are default values to all fields) terminate the input procedure.
3. <F3>-key:
- Keyboard : Function Key <F3>
- Keyboard : Esc
- Puck : 3rd Key
- Mouse : Right Key (Single Click)
Normally this key will cancel the active function resp. deactivate the input field. The key is also of
importance with the "Screen Functions" as described in section 6:
By pressing <F3> the process of reinstating a screen display can be halted.

When a design reinstated has an auxiliary grid you can, by pressing the <F3> key, in-
hibit the redrawing of the grid points, while the geometric entities are still being re-
drawn. Operating <F3> once again will also halt the reinstatement of the entities on the
screen.
4. <F4>-key:
- Puck : key 4
This key will effect the revocation of your last input ("undo").
5. <F5>-key: (= function key <F5>)

Operating this key will automatically effect a reinstatement of the screen.
6. <F6>: (= function key F6)

This key serves to define a new drawing area ("Zoom Window")
7. <F7>-Key: (= function key F7)

Operating this key will return you to the previously defined window ("Previous Window").
8. <F8>-key: (= Function Key F8)

This key serves to display entities at a size to fill the screen ("Fit").
9. <F9>-Key: (= Function Key F9)

This key serves to invocate explanations and operating instructions concerning the activated func-
tions ("Help").
10. <F10>-Key:(= Function Key <F10>)

Operating this key will completely delete the input field.
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MTS Keyboard
11. <RETURN>-Key:
By pressing this key you terminate your input to the two dialogue lines. The cursor will be moved to
the next entry field.
12. <SHIFT>-<TAB>:
Entries into the dialogue lines can be made in the highlighted fields. By pressing <SHIFT> and
<TAB> simultaneously the cursor will be shifted back to the previous field.
13. <POS 1>:

Pressing this key shifts the cursor back to the beginning of an entry field.
14. <END>:
Operating this key shifts the cursor to the end of an entry field.
15. <DEL>:
Pressing this key deletes a character in the entry field.
16. <BACK>:
Pressing this key will delete the character on which the cursor is currently positioned and will move
the cursor one step to the left within the entry field.
17. <INS>:
This key can be employed as a toggle switch between the "Insert" mode and the "Overwrite" mode
in the entry field.
18. <Scroll up>, <Scroll down>:

These keys can be employed to
- scroll the selection lists (on the management level) or

- as a toggle switch between the input modes of relative and absolute coordinates (on
the design level)
19. <Arrow-Keys>:
The cursor keys serve to move the cursor or the cross-hairs to the left and to the right and up or
down:
<ARROW left>,
<ARROW right>,
<ARROW up>,
<ARROW down>.
Whith alphanumerical input via the keyboard, the arrow-keys serve to shift the cursor between dif-
ferent input masks.
<ARROW right>:
to move the cursor within an entry field
<ARROW down>:
to switch between entry fields within a mask. When this key is pressed while the cursor
is in the last entry field, the input to this mask will be terminated.
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MTS Keyboard
20. <SHIFT>-Arrow-keys:
By simultaneously operating the <SHIFT> key and one of the cursor keys you can effect a more
rapid movement of the graphic cursor (or cross-hairs). This is especially important when you are in
the mask input mode and neither a graphic tablet nor a mouse have been configurated.
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MTS File Management
2. File Management
The file management level is the paramount level in the system, it will be invocated first, each time
you start up the system. On this level all the standard options of file management are at your dis-
posal: Copying, Deleting, Moving and Renaming.
Keyboard operations for managing different types of files are made out to function in like manner.
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Termin. Progr. Quit INCAD
IGES-File Display IGES-files
DXF-File Display DXF-files
Symbols Libr. Display symbols libraries
Def. Sym. Libr. Create and display symbols libraries for DXF-
and IGES-files (accessible only when
"Symbols Libr." has been selected)
System Param. Activate the formatting of input/output de-

vices and other system-specific parameters
Del. Dir. Delete directories on the disk / diskette
Create Dir. Create directories on the disk / diskette
Draw. File Display workshop drawings files (default set-

ting at program start)
Config. Drawg. Define a basic (configuration) drawing or

layer
Convert File Convert drawings from one format into an-

tother
Delete Delete a file
Shift Rename a file
Copy Copy a file
Edit Edit a file (default setting at program start)
CNC-Managm . Activate menu for the management of CNC

programs and applicable technology
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MTS File Management
2.1 File Types

The following types of files can be handled in the file management:
- Drawings Files:
These files contain the actual CAD designs (Standard Extension: ".edu").
- Symbols Files:
A symbol is the grouping of one or several CAD entities which constitutes a new entity.
Symbols may only occur as entities in a symbols library.
(Standard Extension: ".sym").
- Symbols Library:
A symbols library contains one or several symbols; it appears as a DOS subdirectory.
(Standard Extension: ".sym").
- DXF files:
Each DXF file contains a drawing in the DXF format which, when loaded, will be auto-
matically converted to the INCAD format and displayed as an INCAD drawing. Con-
versely, INCAD drawings can be converted to be stored as DXF drawings (Standard
Extension: ".dxf").
- IGES files:
Procedures as with the DXF files. IGES drawings are stored in the IGES-ASCII format
(standard extension: ".igs").
- CNC files:
The following CNC files are accessible under the menu item "CNC Management":
- Technology Libraries(Standard Extension: ".tch")

- Tools Libraries (Standard Extension: ".wzd")
- Tools Magazines (Standard Extension: ".mag")
- Turning Programs (Standard Extension: ".dnc")
- Milling Programs (Standard Extension: ".fnc")
- Dressing Programs (Standard Extension: ".snc")
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MTS File Management
2.2 Selection of a File

A file is selected by entering the file name in the mask displayed in the status line and subsequently
striking <RETURN>- or <F2>.
A file can also be graphically selected by positioning the cursor on the applicable field highlighted in
colour in the graphic input area of the screen and then pressing either <F1> or <F2>.
2.3 Terminate INCAD
Terminate Program Menu Function
Activating this function will terminate the INCAD program and invocate the program selection menu.
2.4 Switching Between File Types
IGES-ile Menu Function

DXF-ile Menu Function
Symbols Libr Menu Function
Draw. File Menu Function
You can switch between the managed file types (with the exception of certain symbols and NC pro-
grams) by selecting a file type on the menu bar. The currently active file type, and to which all op-
erations refer, will be highlighted in colour.
The management of the single symbols contained in a symbols library can be activated by selecting
the menu item "Edit" with each symbols library. Pressing <RETURN> will return you to the man-
agement of whole symbols libraries.
By selecting the menu item "Edit" under "Prog. Turn" resp. "Prog. Mill" resp. "Prog. Dress" in the
CNC management you can switch to the management of NC programs. As before, pressing
<RETURN> will return you to the topmost management level.
2.5 Management of Symbols in DXF und IGES Files

When
Symbols Libr.
is activated, the function
Def.Sym.Libr.
will be displayed.
This function serves to create and manage directories containing symbols of converted DXF und
IGES files.
- 24 -
MTS File Management
2.6 Functions "Delete Dir.", "Create Dir."
Delete Dir Menu Function

Create Dir Menu Function
This function serves to delete existing directories or to create new directories. To delete an existing
directory you will have to select it, as is explained below in section 3.2 of this manual. To create a
new directory you must, of course, enter the new directory name on the keyboard.
2.7 Configuration Drawing
Config. Draw. Menu Function
This function serves to attach to any new drawing a socalled configuration drawing, being a normal
drawing which, once defined as a configuration drawing, will be automatically added to any new
drawing, prior to the actual design activities.
A configuration drawing may contain any kind of INCAD objects, it may as well contain none and
only consist of a number of layers meant to be available with a new drawing from the beginning of
the design process. Any existing drawing can be selected to be defined as a configuration drawing.
The configurative function is retained until another drawing is made a configuration drawing.
When this function is activated the following prompt appears in the first dialogue line:
Select new configuration drawing <F1> or

delete configuration drawing <F2> !
<F1> lists all existing configuration drawings, one of which must be selected as the current configu-
ration drawing; typing <F2> deactivates the function and new drawings will be ready for further ed-
iting without a configuration.
When a configuration drawing is selected, this file will be attached to each new drawing as a con-
figuration drawing until another selection is made.
- 25 -
MTS File Management
2.8 File Conversion
Convert File Menu Function
This function serves to convert drawings of different data formats. Drawings in the
- INCAD,
- DXF and
- IGES
formats can be mutually converted.
After the function has been activated, the following input request appears in the first dialogue line:
Convert from :
the drawing to be converted must now be identified; the respective file name including the path will
be displayed in the first dialogue line. In the second dialogue line the user will then be prompted to
Specify new file type !
The file type into which the selected drawing is to be converted must now be specified.
After a file type (e.g. IGES) has been selected, the system effects a change of directory: now all
files in the directory configurated for IGES are displayed. In the second dialogue line an input mask
appears into which the name of the object (converted) file must be entered. Alternately an existing
file from this directory can be specified as the object file, which means it will be overwritten.
When files are converted from INCAD into DXF (and conversely), all layers of the drawing in the
source format are retained, i.e. newly created in the object format, if necessary. As the maximum
length of layer names in INCAD is twelve characters, longer layer names of DXF drawings will be
truncated. In cases where this leads to different layers having identical names, these layers will be
joined.
When drawings are converted from the IGES into the INCAD format, only the contour layer is used.
- 26 -
MTS File Management
2.9 Functions "Delete", "Shift", "Copy"
Delete Menu Function

Shift Menu Function
Copy Menu Function
These functions are self-explaining to a large extent. You may use the function "Shift" also to re-
name files, even to move files from one drive to another.
In the management of single symbols only the restricted function "Rename" is available instead of
the function "Move".
2.10 Edit
Edit Menu Function
This function serves to edit a selected file. Depending on the file type the editing will concern:
1. Drawings:
Applying the the CAD-functions to edit a drawing.
2. Symbols Libraries:
File management of single symbols.
3. Symbols:
Apply the CAD functions to edit a symbol .
4. DXF file:
Apply the CAD functions to edit a drawing stored in the DXF format and displayed in
the INCAD format.
5. IGES file:
As above, with an IGES file.
6. CNC Management:
Invoke the management of CNC files as listed below in section 2.11. The default active
function will be "Edit" in the submenu "Progr. Mill.".
Graphic selection of ".." will lead to the next higher level in the current path. On the topmost
level selecting ".." effects a switch to a different drive.
To change the actual drive you can also type on the keyboard the name of the desired drive
(including diskette drives A or B) followed by a colon.
- 27 -
MTS File Management
2.11 CNC-Management
CNC-Managm. Menu Function
Activating the function
CNC-Managm.
effects a change-over to a menu serving the management of CNC programs and tools.
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Return Invoke the file management
Technologies Display technology libraries
Tools Display tool libraries
Magazines Display tool magazines
Turn. Progr. Display NC- programs for turning
Mill. Progr. Display NC-programs for milling
Dress Progr. Display NC-programs for dressing
Del. Dir. Delete directories on the disk/ diskette
Gen. Dir. Generate directories on the disk / diskette
Delete Delete a file
Shift Rename a file
Copy Copy a file
Edit Edit a file (default setting at menu invocation)
- 28 -
MTS Input of Points
3. Input of Points
In INCAD the input of points, to identify an entity or to adopt values, can be made either graphically
or as alphanumerical entries via the keyboard. The graphic input mode is the default setting for the
input of values. The alphanumerical mode is automatically activated as soon as the corresponding
values are entered via the keyboard: an input mask appears in the dialogue lines at the bottom of
the screen. After each alphanumerical entry of a point or a length, the system will automatically
switch back to the graphic mode.
The same input mode must be used for both coordinates of a point.
The following two paragraphs give a more detailed description of the input modes and of the vari-
ous trapping parameters for localization of points.
3.1 Input Modes
3.1.1 Graphic Input

In this input mode the coordinates of points will be adopted from within an axially parallel rectangu-
lar capture area ("trap box") determined by the cursor position at the moment the <F1> key is oper-
ated. Capture parameters, as described in section 4.2 defining the selected point within the "trap"
area, are only valid while this input mode is active.
3.1.2 Input of Absolute Coordinates

With this input mode an input mask will be displayed in the two dialogue lines on the screen: the X
and Y coordinates of a point can now be entered, as well as length and angle data. The applicable
values, relating to the coordinate system displayed on the screen, are to be entered via the key-
board to the input fields of the mask.
3.1.3 Input of Relative Coordinates

This mode of input is similar to the above described, with the difference being that all entered val-
ues now relate to the coordinates of the last entered point instead of relating to the basic coordinate
system. The point of reference is marked on the screen by a red cross. Coordinates of the first point
entered refer to the zero point.
- 29 -
MTS Input of Points
3.2 Localization of Points

The localization possibilities mentioned below are only operative in the graphic input mode.
3.2.1 General Trapping Parameters

General trapping parameters apply to marked points on existing entities or to points on an auxiliary
grid.
With each of the following input modes, except the first, it is assumed that an applicable CAD entity
and/or an applicable point be contained within the square capture area ("trap box") around the cur-
rent cursor position, when the <F1> key is operated. If this is not the case, no point will be trapped
and which will be indicated to the user by an audible signal. The trapping procedure can then be
repeated, after modification of the capture criterion, if necessary.
- = no result:
Pressing the <F1> key adopts the actual cursor position.
Con = Contour Point:

When the cursor is situated close to a contour point, by pressing the <F1> key this
point will be adopted instead of the current cursor position, i.e. the cursor will be
"attracted" to the applicable contour point.
The following are contour points:
- Start and end points of entities
- Start and end points of part entities of a contour string or of a free form contour.
- Centre Points
Where there are several contour points within the trap box these will be highlighted
one after the other, initiating a selection dialogue on the screen.
Grd = Grid Point:

When a grid is defined the next corresponding point of this point grid will be adopted
instead of the point entered.
Mid = Middle Point:

When identifying a line or a circular arc, a point is localized on the contour which has
the same distance from both ends of the entity (entity centroid).
Prj = Projection Point:

If the cursor is located near to a CAD entity when the <F1> key is pressed, instead of
the current cursor position its vertical projection onto the CAD entity will be adopted.
Int = Intersection Point:

The common point of intersecting entities will be indicated. If there is only one inter-
section point within the trap this point will be taken over as a localizing position. Where
several intersection points are contained within the trap those which are situated clos-
est to the centre of the box will be adopted.
The localizing position entered will be corrected to agree with the intersection point of
the selected entities.
- 30 -
MTS Input of Points
Cen = Centre:
When identifying a
- circle or a
- circular arc or a
- rectangle
the circle centre, resp. the crest point, resp. the intersection point of the medians will
be localized as a point.
End = End Point:

Entities whose end points do not coincide such as:
- lines,
- circular arcs with an opening angle of less than 360 degrees and
- open contour strings
will be identified with reference to their edge. That end point which is situated closest to
the identification position will be localized as a point.
3.2.2 Special Trapping Parameters

Unlike the general trapping parameters, the special trapping parameters listed below apply to
mathematical points which, as a rule, have not been drawn (e.g. the intersection point of the projec-
tions of two straight lines.
While selecting a point with the help of a special trapping parameter, the general trapping parame-
ters can be activated concurrently.
Example: Betw.2Pts., Con
Depending on the defined division ratio a point is trapped on the imaginary line be-
tween two points, which in turn have been captured with the help of the trapping pa-
rameter "contour point".
Tang.Point = circle point as end point of a tangent
To define as the localization point the nearest end point of a tangent on a circle or cir-
cular arc, two entries must be made:
1. Input of a beginning point on an imaginary tangent outside a circle or circular arc.

2. Identification of a circle or circular arc.
Quadr.Point = quadrant end point of a circle
The specified localizing position for identification of a circle or circular arc is rectified to
correspond with the nearest quadrant point. Only points at 0ø, 90ø, 180ø and 270ø
degrees can be displayed. Please note, that these points relate to the stationary uni-
versal coordinate system.
IntermPtLin = intermediate point on a line with adjustable division ratio
A localizing position is defined on a line, depending on the setting of a division ratio

between the beginning and end point. The division ratio relates to the nearest identifi-
cation point (beginning or end point of the line); its default setting is 1:2, which can be
overwritten by alphanumerical entries.
Betw.2Pts = point between two points with adjustable division ratio
A localizing position is defined between two points to be entered, depending on the

setting of a division ratio between these points. The division ratio relates to the point
entered first; its default setting is 1:2, which can be overwritten by alphanumerical en-
tries.
- 31 -
MTS Input of Points
Mid 2Pts = point between two points with a fixed division ratio of 1:2
Int 2Ent = Intersection point of two identified entities
Two entities must be identified; in case there is no intersection point, it will be estab-
lished from the projections of the entities. Where there are several intersection points,
that one will be adopted, which is situated closest to the identification points of the en-
tities.
3.2.3 Automatisches Fangen
Mit dem Fangmodus „automatisches Fangen“ wird automatisch das Fangkriterium gewech-
selt, um einen Punkt im Fangbereich des Cursors zu fangen:
Anwahl: Zuest muß ein eventuell gewählters Fangkriterium abgewählt werden. Durch
erneutes Anklicken des Schalters „-“ wird das automatische Fangen angewählt.
Der Schalter „-“ wird dabei ausgeschaltet.
Funktion: Je nach Cursorposition wird ein Fangkriterium angewählt und in der Statuszeile
angezeigt. Es wird geprüft, ob im Fangbereich des Cursors ein Konturpunkt, ein
Schnittpunkt oder ein Projektionspunkt liegt (in dieser Reihenfolge) und dann
das Fangkriterium entsprechend gesetzt.
Hinweis: Bei großen Zeichnungen sollte das automatische Fangen nicht angewählt wer-
den, da sonst die Cursorbewegungen ruckartig werden können.
- 32 -
MTS Main Menu
4. Main Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Turn. Progr. Menu NC-Programming Turning
Mill. Progr. Menu NC-Programming Milling
Dress. Prog. Menu NC-Programming Dressing
Cancel Return to the management level without

storing input and modifications
End + Store Terminate the input to a drawing and store in

the applicable medium
Sys. Colours Configurate the set of colours available
Input Sys. Setting the digitizing area of an object

(with tablet only)
Plot Screen Output of the complete drawing field on a

plotter or to a file (for use in foreign systems)
Plot Scale Output of the complete drawing field on a

plotter or to a file (for use in foreign systems)
with scaling data.
Load Draw. Load a (additional) workshop drawing
Store Draw. Store a workshop drawing (assign a file

name)
Ref. Point Set coordinate system for symbols
Layers Menu Activate the Layers Menu
Dimensioning Activate the Main Menu for Dimensioning
Screen Menu Activate the Screen Menu
Design Menu Activate the Design Menu
Edit Menu Activate the Edit Menu
Ent. Menu Activate the Entities Menu
- 33 -
MTS Main Menu
4.1 Menu Selection

The principal use of the specific menus is
- to supply online drawing help in the creation of a workshop drawing (Screen Menu),
- to supply additional layers for management and drawing help with the generation of a
drawing (Layers Menu)
- to create base entities (Entities Menu),
- to manipulate entities and symbols by geometric transformations (Edit Menu),
- to design new entities from base entities.(Design Menu)
- to dimension workshop drawings in accordance with German Standard DIN 406 Part 1
and Part 2 (Dimensioning Menu) and
- to generate turning and milling programs in accordance with German Standard DIN
66025 (Turning and Milling).
- to generate dressing programs (Dressing).
Sub-menus can be activated from some of the menus, explanations of these sub-menus are pro-
vided in the respective activating menu.
4.2 Generate NC-Programs
Turn. Progr. Menu Function

Mill. Progr. Menu Function
Dress. Prog. Menu Function
For a detailed description see sections 11 - 13 (page Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert.).
4.3 Return to the Management Level
Cancel Menu Function

End + Store Menu Function
To quit the CAD design level and return to the management level you can select either of the two
Menu functions
- Cancel
- End + Store
Only the latter function will effect storage of the workshop drawing (under the path and file name
active when the CAD level was entered.)
When a drawing has been newly created or an existing drawing has been edited, the function
"cancel" must be acknowledged with the <F1> key.
- 34 -
MTS Main Menu
4.4 System Colours
Sys. Colours Menu Function
This function serves to configurate the colours which are assigned to each graphic component pro-
vided in the INCAD system. Furthermore the shades of colours available in the system can be
modified.
After activation of this menu function fifteen coloured rectangles and a graphic representation of the
first eight function keys are displayed in the lower part of the screen. Operating the function key
<F1> serves to edit the set of colours, <F2> serves to edit the assignment of colours to graphic
components.
4.4.1 Edit Colour Set (Function Key <F1>)

This function serves to redefine the set of colours to be used in the system. The number of colours,
from which to choose, will depend on the graphic mode employed. In the VGA modes there is a
theoretical choice of more than 100.000 colours; the actual number of configurable colours avail-
able to make up a colour set is sixteen in the VGA as well as in the EGA mode.
Each of these sixteen colours is composed of shares of colours from the so-called RGB scale (RGB
= Red/Green/Blue), displayed in the lower part of the screen. Its colour values range from 0 to 100,
the numerical steps in selecting a value will depend on the graphic mode employed.
By means of the horizontal cursor keys a colour can be selected from the given set to modify its
RGB values. The displayed function keys can then be used, according to their labels, to increase or
decrease the shares of red green and blue in the selected colour; by pressing <F1>, for instance,
the share of red is increased.
By striking <F8> the actual values of the colour set are acknowldged and the user is returned to the
selection level of the function "System Colours"; <F7> in turn serves to undo the editing and re-
establish the previous configuration.
4.4.2 Edit Colours (Function Key <F2>)

This function serves to edit the assignation of colours to the various graphic components as listed
on the screen. The vertical cursor keys are operated to select a component, then the colour to be
attached to it can be selected with the horizontal cursor keys.
<F1> acknowledges the selection. Pressing <F7> or <F8> will return the user to the selection level
of the function "System Colours"; <F7> in doing so discards the editing and re-establishes the pre-
vious configuration.
- 35 -
MTS Main Menu
The components of which the colours can be configurated are the following:
Pens:
The first fifteen colour fields represent the colours being used in drawing geometric
entities. They are also referred to as (drawing-) "pens".
Background:
Colour of the background of the INCAD working area
Frames:
Colour of frames to the menu field and the working area
Aux. Grid:
Colour of the auxiliary grid
Axes Scale:
Colour of scales on the axes
Graphic Cursor:
Colour of the graphic cursor
Text Colour:
Colour of text in the menu bar, the dialogue lines and the status line
Aux. Contour:
Drawing colour for auxiliary contours
Sel. Function:
Colour to mark the selected (active) function
Menu Headl.:
Colour to mark the headlines of menus
Switch I :
Switch II:
Colours to mark the switches in the switch line
Act. Switch :
Colour to highlight the active position of a switch
Contour Pts.:
Centres:
Colour to mark the contour and centre points of geometric entities after the function
"Pt." from the switch line has been activated
Gener. Layer
Active Layer
Visible Layer
Invisible Layer:
Colours to denote the status of different layers
- 36 -
MTS Main Menu
Axes Col.
Mill. Cont. Col.
Drill Hole Col.
Pockets Col.
Islands Col.
Pins Col.
Retract. Col.
Clear. Col.
Infeed Col.
Total Dpth. Col.
Colours to mark geometric entities after a program run in the NC programming system
for milling.
4.4.3 Quitting the Function

To quit the function "System Colours" one of the following keys can be operated
- <F6> Store Config.,

- <F7> Abort,
- <F8> Return
<F7> will undo the editing and revert to the previous state. <F8> serves to adopt the current (edited)
set of system colours and colour assignations; when the function is quitted by operating <F6> these
settings will additionally be stored in a configuration file, to be available for future work sessions.
- 37 -
MTS Main Menu
4.5 Digitizing of Drawings
Input Sys. Menu Function
This function serves to digitize a drawing on the digitizer tablet. After the drawing has been fixed on
the tablet, the function "Input Sys" can be activated.
Now the coordinates of a defined point in the drawing must be entered (e.g.: coordinates origin x =
0, y = 0). While this point is touched with the tablet pen, <F1> is to be operated.
The system will thereupon request the user to proceed analogically with the input of coordinates
and the digitizing of a further defined point in the drawing. This second point can be chosen at will,
although it is recommended to choose a point in as great a distance from the first point as is possi-
ble. With the second point digitized the system can compensate any contortion which may have
occurred in fixing the drawing to the tablet.
From the two digitized points also the scale of representation will be computed.
Example: Application of the drawing to be digitized
Activating the function "Input Sys" once again will restore the original input mode. After each fol-
lowing invocation of "Input Sys" you can revert to the original input system by operating <F2>.
If a tablet foil has been installed, it will be non-operative in the operation mode "Input System".
When you are in the operation mode "Input System" the menu fields will be located at the right
margin of the tablet. Depending on the scale of representation you may find that while digitizing
there is an area on the tablet where your input is not represented by a cursor position on the screen
and that correspondingly there are positions on the screen to which there is "no access" via the
tablet.
- 38 -
MTS Main Menu
Please note that the input system will remain active even after you have cancelled and re-activated
a drawing via the file management level. You can therefore invocate other drawings "to take a look"
without cancelling the digitizing input system.
4.6 Plotter Output

Both the functions "Plot Screen" and "Plot Scal" serve to output a drawing in the "HPGL" format
("HPGL" = "Hewlett-Packard Graphic Language"). This format is compatible with all types of HP-
plotters. Up to eight colours will be supported.
Output may either be sent directly to the connected plotter or be stored in a file for further use.
There is a variety of programs in the market which will convert a HPGL file for output on different
dot printers.
With both the above mentioned functions the connected plotter will recognize the applicable output
format. When the plotter output is stored in a file, DIN A 4 will be the assumed page format.
4.6.1 Plot im Ausschnitt
Plot Ausschn Menu Function
Mit Hilfe dieser Funktion lassen sich die in einem Ausschnitt zusammengefaßten Elemente in ei-
nem vom Benutzer festzulegenden Maßstab plotten bzw. in eine Datei schreiben (see Plot to sca-
le).
4.6.2 Plot Screen
Plot Screen Menu Function
If a plotter has been configurated, there are the following two options:
you may
- output the contents of a drawing field on a plotter (<F1> key) or you may
- store the contents of the drawing field in HPGL-format in an file (<F2> key).
When you decide on the first option, you must configurate the plotter according to the configuration
described in Appendix B of this manual; in this case the full format will be used for the hardcopy.
When choosing the second option you must specify a HPGL file name.
If no plotter has been configurated, your only option is to store the drawing in a HPGL file. In any
case, whether the drawing is written to a plotter or to a file, each entity being plotted will be concur-
rently displayed on the screen.
- 39 -
MTS Main Menu
4.6.3 Plot to Scale
Plot Scale Menu Function
This function serves to define the scale of the drawings plotted or written to a file.
The first steps in the dialogue are similar to the procedure described above in the section "Plot
Screen".
Then a system prompt will appear:
Sheet lengthwise ? Y/N
The default options are Y (Yes) or N (No). "Y" is for plotting on a sheet in upright format., "N" for
plotting on a sheet in oblong format.
That format, which makes better use of the sheet space will be marked as the default input, irre-
spective of the sheet size.
As a next step it must be defined, on which scale the drawing shall be plotted on a sheet or to a file.
This scale refers to the real size of the single plotted objects, regardless of their size in the current
screen representation.
In the first dialogue line the following input request appears
Scale 1 : 2.00 (maximum scale 1 : 1.53)
As an input aid the highest possible scalescale; iss indicated in brackets (e.g. 1:1.53); the standard
input will be the next greater whole number (e.g. 1:2.00).
After a valid scale has been entered or the default scale has been acknowledged, a graphic inpuit
aid for positioning of the plotted drawing on the sheet will appear:
- 40 -
MTS Main Menu
Example: Positioning of a drawing on a sheet in upright format
The frame displayed on the screen indicates the maximum space on the sheet to be plotted on,
while the movable (rubber banded) rectangle represents the size of the drawing, depending on the
scale.
The input request
Enter lower left corner of the plot!
prompts the user to position the movable rectangle within the displayed frame. The system will ac-
cept only those entries (effected by pressing <F1>) which have the movable rectangle completely
within the frame.
After the movable rectangle has been successively positioned within the displayed frame (which
amounts to having the plot dimensions successfully positioned within the sheet size), the complete
drawing (including those parts not visible in the drawing field) will be plotted on the specified scale.
Concurrently the plotting of each entity is displayed true to scale on the screen.
4.6.4 Cancel Plotting

The plotting can be cancelled at any time by operating the <F3> key (on the PC keyboard !).
- 41 -
MTS Main Menu
4.7 Load Drawing
Load Drawing Menu Function
Into a drawing currently worked on, other drawings can be copied. After the prompt
File :
an existing file must be specified. The following prompt:
Delete existing drawing <F1>, Load concurrently <F2>,

Cancel <F3> !
offers the options of either loading the specified file concurrently (<F2>), loading after deleting the
existing drawing <F1> or cancelling the procedure <F3>. The following local parameters will be
overwritten by the additional file
- Grid Definition
- Detail Window
- Dimensioning Parameter
It follows that, when consecutive insertions of drawings are carried out, the result will depend on the
sequential order.
A new drawing can be added to the existing drawing on a scale of 1:1, and its positioning can be
effected in the interactive mode. As a first step an insertion point must be defined. To facilitate this
task, two graphic aids are displayed: a rectangle representing the size of the drawing to be inserted
and a flexible line (rubber band) joining the lower left corner of the new drawing and the cursor
(cross-hairs) position. A reference point must be defined:
Enter reference point for the relocation of the drawing

to be loaded !
then the overlaid rectangle can be moved graphic-dynamically. Subsequently a point must be en-
tered to position the new drawing:
Enter relocation point !
Now the new drawing will be inserted, while the overlaid rectangle disappears from the screen and
all entities will be redrawn.
In this process the information on layers of the drawing may be revised, especially when new layers
are added: layers will be joined if their names are identical. It follows, that in the list of layers there
can be no different layers of the same name.
Operating the <F4> key will completely delete the inserted drawing from the screen.
- 42 -
MTS Main Menu
4.8 Store Drawing
Store Draw. Menu Function
The current drawing is stored after a file name has been assigned to it. In the case when a file of
this name already exists the following message will appear:
File already exists ! <F1> to overwrite, <F3> to cancel !

Operate the <F1> key to overwrite the file.
You may use this function to store intermediate results in the design process.
- 43 -
MTS Main Menu
4.9 Reference Point
Ref. point Menu Function
To facilitate the design of symbols within the given universal coordinate system, an individual coor-
dinate system can be allocated to each symbol. After invocation of the function a point must be
entered which will be the origin of a local axially parallel coordinate system. All entities of the symbol
will then relate to this coordinate system.
4.10 Layers Menu
Layers Menu Menu Function
For a detailed description please see section 6 in this manual (page 52).
4.11 Dimensioning
Dimensioning Menu Function

4.12 Screen Menu
Screen Menu Menu Function
For a detailed description please see section 5 in this manual (next page).
4.13 Design Menus
Design Menu Menu Function
4.14 Edit Menu
Edit Menu Menu Function
4.15 Entities Menu
Ent. Menu Menu Function
- 44 -
MTS Screen Menu
5. Screen Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
AuxOn AuxOff Toggle switch for the display of auxiliary lines
Ha On Ha Off Toggle switch for the display of hatches
Grid Def. Menu Function for generating a point grid
Gr. On Gr. Off Toggle switch for the display of a point grid
Extend AuxLi. Switch for extending the auxiliary lines to the

margin of the drawing field
Abs. Zero Set the absolute zero point
Rel. Zero Set the relative zero point
Axes Grad. Toggle switch for the display of axes gradua-

tion
Edit Seq. Edit the output sequence of entities on the

same layer
Zoom Window Modify the detail window
Zoom Factor Modify the detail window with a zoom factor
Fit Display all entities to fit the screen
Pan Scroll the drawing area
Prev. Window Display contents of the last defined window
Next Window Display contents of the next window
Screen Rein. Reinstate the screen
Main Menu Activate the main menu
- 45 -
MTS Screen Menu
The screen menu contains a variety of functions which provide useful assistance in the creation of a
drawing. These functions serve, firstly, to define the desired detail window of a drawing and, sec-
ondly, to position a coordinates system within the current operational area. Moreover the drawing
area on the graphics screen can be backgrounded with a point grid.
Zoom functions are available to define and edit the format of a drawing. Rulers located at the top
and left margin can be activated to dimension the coordinates axes and the selected drawing for-
mat. By backgrounding the screen with a user-defined raster the cursor movement can be restricted
to a grid of points whose coordinates are the multiple of predefined key values.
5.1 Display or Hide Auxiliary Lines
AuxOn AuxOff Switch
This toggle switch serves to blend in (resp. to hide) the auxiliary lines of a drawing. Each time the
switch is operated, the screen will be reinstated.
New auxiliary lines can be created and displayed, no matter which position the switch is set to.
5.2 Display or Hide Hatches
Ha On Ha Off Switch
This toggle switch serves to blend in (resp. to hide) the hatches of entities in a drawing. When the
switch is set to the OFF position, it is not possible to hatch entities or to remove existing (invisible)
hatches. Any attempt to do so will lead to an error message from the system.
- 46 -
MTS Screen Menu
5.3 Point Grid
5.3.1 Define Point Grid
Grid Def. Menu Function

It may prove necessary to define coordinates in a step-by-step procedure - the free definition of a
point grid on the graphics screen will be helpful in this. Once defined a grid will remain active until
the "Grid Definition" function is activated once again.
5.3.2 Display or Hide Point Grid
Gr. On Gr. Off Switch
By operating this toggle switch the point grid can be displayed or removed from the screen. Irre-
spective of the screen display, each defined grid will remain active until a new grid is defined.
5.4 Extend Auxiliary Lines
Extend AuxLi. Switch
This switch serves to extend the existing auxiliary lines of a drawing up to the margins of the draw-
ing field. The screen display will automatically be redrawn accordingly. When this switch is active,
any auxiliary lines newly created will be extended up to the drawing field margin.
Please note, that extended auxiliary lines cannot be reduced to their original length!
- 47 -
MTS Screen Menu
5.5 Origin of the Coordinates System

Each entry of a point refers to an axially parallel coordinates system; the user can set a new origin
of coordinates, in relative or absolute relation to the given coordinates system.
5.5.1 Defining the Absolute Zero Point
Abs. Zero Menu Function
The default position of the absolute zero point is the lower left corner of the drawing area.
The Abs. Zero command will set the origin of the coordinates system to that point which has been
defined as the zero point when the drawing was generated.
Example: Absolute Zero of the Drawing Area
When activating the function Rel. Zero the user will be requested to define a new origin of the coor-
dinates system in the drawing area.
- 48 -
MTS Screen Menu
5.5.2 Defining the Relative Zero Point
Rel. Zero Menu Function
Example: Setting the Relative Zero PointEntries of further entities will now relate to the
new origin - which is, in the above example, the point P.
The function "Absolute Zero Point
Abs. Zero
serves to shift the zero point of the defined reference system to the origin of the INCAD coordinates
system.
5.6 Axes Graduation
Axes Grad. Menu Function
You can use this function as a toggle switch to have the axes graduation (in INCAD units, i.e.
inch/mm) displayed or inhibited in the screen display. The graduation of the y-axis will appear on the
left margin of the drawing field, the graduation of the x-axis will appear on the upper margin.
- 49 -
MTS Screen Menu
5.7 Edit Output Sequence
Edit Seq. Menu Function
This function serves to alter the sequence of plotting or drawing entities in the same layer.
When the function is activated, the following prompt appears:
Identify entity ! .
The selected entity will be made the last of its kind on the respective layer to be outputted. By iden-
tifying all entities, one after another, an output sequence for screen display and plotting can be de-
fined.
5.8 Zoom./.Modify the Detail Window
Zoom Window Menu Function
This window operation serves to scale up or down in the display a defined section of the drawing
field.
An axially parallel area must be defined by entering a
- starting point of the rectangle and an

- end point of the rectangle.
Example: Zooming-up of a detail
5.9 Zoom / Factor for Modification of the Detail Window
Zoom Factor Menu Function
The zoom window relates to the centre of the drawing area; the default zooming factor is 0.5.
- 50 -
MTS Screen Menu
5.10 Adapt the Size of the Drawing Field to the Entities Dimensions (Fit)
Fit Menu Function
Selecting this window will effect the "automatic" generation of a zoom window. According to their
maximum coordinates all entities will be displayed to fit the window in the drawing area.
The switches
- Dimensioning Text <ON|OFF>

- Dimensioning <ON|OFF>
can be used to modify the effects of this function (see the Main Menu Dimensioning on page 204ff)
of this manual. If the switch "dimensioning" is set to the "OFF" position, the dimensioning will be
disregarded.
If the switch "Dimensioning Text" is set to the "OFF" position and at the same time the switch
"Dimensioning" is set to the "ON" position, only the dimensioning framework (without the dimen-
sioning text) will be accounted for. If both switches are set to the "ON" position the dimensioning will
be completely accounted for in the zoom window.
Especially where drawings are edited which include extensive dimensioning, it may be recommend-
able to remove the dimensioning from the screen display for the time being.
5.11 Define a Drawing Field to be Scrolled (Panorama)
Pan Menu Function

The special feature with this ("panoramic") function is the generation of a new drawing field centre
by entry of a point while the size of the active drawing area remains the same. This way the pan
function can be used to scroll an active drawing window over the drawing.
5.12 Show Previous/Next Window
Next Window Menu Function

Previous Window Menu Function
By selecting "Next Window" or "Prev. Window" the next or the previous screen window will be dis-
played.
5.13 Reinstate Screen
Reinstate Menu Function

With each reinstation of the screen the contents of the drawing field will be deleted and all contours
subsequently redrawn.
5.14 Quit the Screen Menu
Main Menu Menu Function

This function will activate the main menu.
- 51 -
MTS Layers-Menu
6. Layers Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Prev. Page Scrolling the list of layers
Next Page Scrolling the list of layers
Active Edit the state of a layer
Visible Edit the state of a layer
Invisible Edit the state of a layer
Cont. Layer Top layer
Gener. Layer Edit the contour generation layer
Main Menu Invoke the Main Menu
LayEd. Menu Invoke the layer edit menu
- 52 -
MTS Layers-Menu
Layers serve to structure a design drawing. With INCAD an optional number of layers is at the dis-
posal of the user, while, as a default option, each drawing has a so-called contour layer.
The currently available layers of each design drawing are indicated in the menu bar of the layers
menu. When more than eleven layers have been defined, the menu functions "Next Page / Previ-
ous Page" can be used to scroll up or down to the previous or next group of eleven layers.
6.1 Defining the State of a Layer

There are three possible states of a layer, namely:
- active,
- visible,
- invisible.
The state of a layer applies to all entities in it. The effects of activating a state are as follows:
- active : Entities on this layer are displayed on the screen and can be identified;
- visible: Entities on this layer are displayed on the screen but cannot be identified;
- invisible: Entities are not displayed on the screen.
To alter the state of a layer, the Layers Menu must be invoked, which may be done any number of
times during the design process. In some cases reinstating the screen will become necessary, e.g.
to hide an active or visible layer, or to display the entities of a different, hitherto invisible layer.
6.2 Generation Layers

Newly generated entities are situated in generation layers. With INCAD five layers can be em-
ployed to generate the following:
- Contours,
- Auxiliary contours,
- Dimensionings,
- Hatchings,
- Text.
By default setting all five generation layers are integrated into the "Contour layer" which is provided
by INCAD for each new drawing . Once a new layer has been established, it can be used as a gen-
eration layer for one or several of the five types of objects listed above. All henceforth generated
objects of the respective type will then be situated on this new generation layer.
A generation layer is always in the "active" state.
- 53 -
MTS Layers-Menu
6.3 Attributes of a Layer

For each layer the drawing attributes
- colour,
- line type,
- line thickness
are provided.
Default attribute values assigned to each newly established layer are those defined in the menu
function "attributes" of the Entities Menu. Conversely, with each shift to another contour generation
layer the current attribute values for colour, line type and line thickness follow that shift, i.e. they will
be those that have been assigned to the respective chosen layer.
This means that, as a rule, the values of drawing attributes in the current contour generation layer
are identical with those local attribute values which are indicated in the menu function "attributes" of
the entities menu.
The current local attribute values are assigned to each entity when it is generated. These attributes
can be edited by activating the "attributes" function in the Entities Menu; such editing will, however,
have no effect on the drawing attributes of the current contour generation layer.
Local attribute values will remain valid until the next editing or, when another contour generation
layer is activated, their being overwritten by the values defined for that layer.
6.4 Output Sequence of Layers

If a drawing consists of entities on several layers, the output sequence of entities (when the screen
is redrawn or the drawing is plotted) depends on the sequence of layers as listed in the layers
menu. Entities of the layer on top of the list will be drawn or plotted first, entities of the following
layers consecutively.
The sequence of layers in the list can be changed at any time while working on a design drawing.
6.5 Prev. Page / Next Page
Prev. Page Menu Function

Next Page Menu Function
When a drawing has more than eleven layers (the maximum of layer names the menu field can
show), this function can be used to scroll to a different page of the layers list to be displayed in the
menu bar.
- 54 -
MTS Layers-Menu
6.6 Contour Generation Layer
Gener. Layer Menu Function
This function serves to select a layer as the contour generation layer. The current contour genera-
tion layer is marked in the same colour as the menu function.
After activating the function, the name of that layer in the menu bar must be selected, which shall
be the contour generation layer in the further procedure. The selected name will appear highlighted
in the colour which, up to then, has marked the previous contour generation layer (which layer re-
mains in the "active" state).
6.7 State of a Layer
active Menu Function

inactive Menu Function
invisible Menu Function
These functions serve to alter the state of a single or of several layers. To inhibit e.g. the display of
several layers, proceed as follows:
Select the function "invisible", then select in the menu field, in any order, the names of the layers to
be hidden from the screen. All selected names will appear marked in the same colour as the func-
tion "invisible".
After the ensuing automatic screen reinstatement all entities situated on the selected layers will no
longer be visible in the drawing display - which also means that they cannot be trapped.
For contour generation layers, "active" is the mandatory state.
6.8 Main Menu
Activating this function invokes the Main Menu.
- 55 -
MTS Layers-Menu
6.9 Layer Edit Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Layers Info Information on current layers
Edit Gen.Lay Change the generation layer for

- Auxiliary contours
- Dimensionings
- Hatches
- Text
Delete Delete a layer
Rename Rename a layer
Define Define a new layer
Sequence Change the sequence of layers in the list
Edit Attrib. Edit the drawing attributes of a layer
Layers Menu Invoke the layers menu
This menu contains various functions for manipulating existing layers and creating new layers.
- 56 -
MTS Layers-Menu
6.9.1 Information on Layers
Layers Info Menu Function
This function serves to obtain information on the parameters of all layers. When the function is acti-
vated all relevant data will be listed in the "working area" on the screen.
The following information is provided, concerning the respective layer:
- state (visible/invisible),
- generation layer? For which type of objects?
- colour of layer,
- line type,
- line thickness,
- number of entities on the layer
- number of dimensionings on the layer.
6.9.2 Edit the Generation Layer
Edit Gen.Lay Menu Function
This function serves to define new generation layers for
- Auxiliary Contours,
- Dimensionings,
- Hatches and
- Text
To select a new contour generation layer, the function
Gener. Layer
must be invoked from the Layers Menu.
When the function
Edit Gen.Lay
is activated, a new menu bar will be displayed, listing the four types of generation layers which can
be edited. The name of the current generation layer is indicated below each type label. To define a
new generation layer e.g. for dimensionings, the menu function
Dimensioning
must be selected. The list of layers defined for the the current drawing will be shown in the menu
field and a (new) layer must be defined, on which all subsequently created dimensionings will be
situated.
After each identification of layer in the layers selection menu, the user is returned to the layers
generation menu. Alternately the activation of the function
- 57 -
MTS Layers-Menu
LayGen Menu
(or striking the <F3>-key) serves to return to the layers generation menu. This means aborting the
original function; no change of generation layer is effected.
6.9.3 Delete a Layer
This function serves to delete a layer from the layers list.
When the function is activated, the layers selection menu will be displayed. The layer to be deeted
must be selected in the menu field.:
Select layer !
After a layer has been selected, the user will be returned to the Edit Layers Menu. In the first dia-
logue line the name of the selected layer is indicated; pressing <F1> acknowledges the deletion.
A layer which contains entities, or is a generation layer, cannot be deleted !
6.9.4 Rename a Layer
Rename Menu Function
When the function is activated, the layers selection menu will be displayed. The layer to be re-
named must be selected in the menu field.:
Rename layer !
After a layer has been selected, the user will be returned to the Edit Layers Menu. In the first dia-
logue line the name of the selected layer is indicated, in the second line an input mask is displayed.
The new layer name to be entered must not exceed twelve characters. By pressing <F1> or <F2>
the entry is acknowledged and the function terminated. The new name will be assigned to the se-
lected layer.
- 58 -
MTS Layers-Menu
6.9.5 Define a New Layer
Define Menu Function
This function serves to define a new layer.
When the function is activated, a sequence number is displayed, indicating the position of the new
layer in the list of layers. The default option is to place the new layer at the end of the list. By typing
the respective number, the new layer can be inserted at a position further up in the list.
After this number has been entered (or the default position has been acknowledged) the cursor is
shifted to the next input mask, where the new layer name must be entered. After completion of this
entry the new layer will be inserted at its respective position in the layers list.
Drawing attributes ("colour", "line type" and "line thickness") of the new layer will be as currently
defined in the "Attributes" function of the Entities Menu.
6.9.6 Edit the Sequence of Layers
Sequence Menu Function
This function serves to edit the sequence of layers in the layers list, which sequence determines the
order of the output of entities when plotting or redrawing.
When the function is activated the layers selection menu is displayed. In the first dialogue line ap-
pears the following prompt:
Select the layer to be shifted !.
The name of the layer to be shifted to a new position in the list must now be selected. It will be high-
lighted to indicate the selection.
Another prompt will appear in the dialogue line:
Select new position !.
The name of that layer must be selected, which shall be replaced by the previously selected layer.
That way the shift of this layer to a new position in the list is effected.
- 59 -
MTS Layers-Menu
6.9.7 Edit Drawing Attributes of a Layer
Edit Attrib. Menu Function
This menu function serves to edit the drawing attributes "colour", "line type" and "line thickness" of
a layer. (Cf. "layer attributes" in the previous chapter).
When the function is activated, the layers selection menu will be displayed. The input request
Select layer !
prompts the user to select a layer.
After a layer has been selected, the the layers attributes menu is is invoked. Its basic editing func-
tions apply to the
- Colour,
- Line Type, and
- Line thickness
of a layer.
Concurrently the name of the selected layer and the current values of drawing attributes of this layer
are indicated in the first dialogue line.
By activating one of these menu functions the applicable drawing attributes of the selected layer
can be edited, as described below in the Edit Menu.
- 60 -
MTS Entities-Menu
7. Entities Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Aux./Cont. Switch for defining the drawing layer
Attributes Menu Function for assigning drawing

attributes
Line Type User-defined line types
Line Thickness Available number of line thicknesses
Info Geometry information on selected entities
Rel.Zero Set the relative zero point
Insrt.Arc Insert an arc
Insrt.Chamf. Insert a chamfer
Set Symbol Set a symbol
Text Generate text
Hatching Hatching of an entity
Rectangle Generate a rectangle
Point Set a point
Hatch Menu Modify hatching patterns
Line Activate the menu "Lines"
Circle Activate the menu "Circles"
Circ. Arc Activate the menu "Circular Arcs"
Cont. String Activate the menu "Contour strings"
Free Cve. Activate the menu "Free Form Curves"
- 61 -
MTS Entities Menu
This menu serves to generate basic geometric entities, namely
- points
- lines
- circular arcs
- circles
- rectangles
- contour strings
Text can be inserted in different sizes or fonts as desired.
INCAD provides the option to generate contour strings by entering points; this can be effected in
either of the following three ways:
- Strings of entities, made up of lines and circular arcs, can be generated with the menu
item "contour strings".
- in the sub-menu "free form curves" of the menu item "fitting" a procedure of interpolat-
ing the entered points by circular arcs is provided which will result in a smoothed curve.
- Continuous cursor movements can be made to render a lines polygon ("Sketch Con-
tour").
7.1 Structure of Graphic Entities

Special characteristics can be assigned to each single geometric entity. While modifying the repre-
sentation of entities in the screen display or hardcopy, these so-called "attributes" are also used to
discern entities of the same form type (e.g. "circle").
In addition to its geometry data an entity, with INCAD,can have the following attributes:
- character formats (colour, line type),

- hatching formats (angle and spacing of the hatch lines) and
- assignation to an group of optional graphic entities which constitutes one in a structure
of so-called "layers".
Lines, circular arcs, points and text are types of entities to which no hatching format can be attrib-
uted.
Default assignation of attributes:
Colour : 1 (white)
Line type : 0 (solid)
Line thickn. : 0 (thin line)
Hatching : (angle= 45, spacing = 2.5)
Layer : contour layer
During the creation of a drawing attributes can be edited by activating the "attributes" function.
To edit attributes assigned to existing entities, the function "Attribute" can be invoked from the Edit
Menu.
- 62 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.2 Define Character Attributes
Attribute Menu Function
By activating this function new character formats and hatching data can be defined, which will later
be applied in the generation of the graphic entities. Moreover, the shape and size of the cursor,
resp. the cross-hairs can be edited.
All attributes to be defined are listed in the two dialogue lines; the current setting will be indicated,
then to be edited or adopted as is desired.
The following parameters can be configurated:
- colour,
- line type,
- line thickness,
- trap box,
- cross-hairs,
- hatch scaling factor,
- hatch number;
- and, as an additional feature, the distance and angle of hatch lines of the standard
hatching.
Colours:
There is a choice of fifteen colours . When the standard configuration is operative, these will be the
following:
1: White,
2: Yellow,
3: Light-green,
4: Light-blue,
5: Cyan (light),
6: Brown,
7: Blue,
8: Green,
9: Cyan,
10: Magenta,
11: Light-red,
12: Light-grey,
13: Dark-grey,
14: Red (for auxiliary contour layer),
15: Magenta (light).
A change of colour can be effected either by selecting one of the colour fields displayed on the
menu bar or by entering the applicable colour number on the keyboard. Of the fifteen colours listed
above, only twelve can be graphically selected.
- 63 -
MTS Entities Menu
Line Types:
There is a choice of sixteen line types, eight of which are the default system options, while the other
eight can be defined by the user. The system options are the following:
1: Solid
2: Small Dashes
3: Dotted
4: Big Dashes - Dots
5: Big Dashes - Double Dots
6: Big Dashes
7: Big Dashes- Small Dashes
8: Big Dashes- Small Double Dashes
Line Thickness:
The value entered refers to the actual pen stroke of the indicated line thickness number.
Trap:
The size of cursor types 1-5 can be defined. It is specified in pixels and will determine the capture
area (trap).
Cross-hairs:
To define a different type of cursor or cross-hairs the applicable number must be entered on the
keyboard. In the diagram below the available cursor types are shown:
- 64 -
MTS Entities Menu
Diagram: Six different cursor types
Hatch Scaling Factor:

This function serves to use the same type of hatching with different entities in a drawing, by editing
the distance between the hatch lines. Instead of generating new hatches, an existing hatch pattern,
consisting of basic patterns, can be scaled up or down and thus be applied to various entities.
Hatch Number:
The parameter to be entered is the number of the desired hatch pattern. Two special cases have to
be observed:
0 : When the standard hatch pattern is selected
the hatching distance (= distance between hatch lines) and

the hatching angle
can be defined.
-1 : When the available hatches are displayed graphically in the working area of the
screen, the desired pattern can be selected by picking or by alphanumerical entry of
the applicable number.
- 65 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.3 Custom Line Types
Line Type Menu Function

Sixteen line types are available with INCAD, eight of which are default system features. The func-
tion "Line Type" serves to let the user define the other eight line types, by entering a pattern of his
choice.
Each INCAD line pattern consists of a sequence of one to three line sections, relating to a reference
point. Length of and distance between these elements can be defined in this function, which
amounts to six different length parameters to be entered (in addition to the reference point), namely
the following:
length of the first line section,

length of the space between the first and second section,
length of the second line section,

length of the space between the second and third section,
length of the third line section,

length of the space between the third section and the first section of the following se-
quence (repeating the pattern).
The diagram below shows a line type consisting of two line sections of different length and two
spaces of equal length:
Example: Custom Line Type
When the reference point is intersected by a line, it will be positioned on the middle point of the first
line section. To define a section to be a point, enter zero as the length value.
- 66 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.4 Line Thickness
Line Thickness Menu Function

This function serves to define the actual pen stroke (in the drawing) of each of the available sixteen
line thicknesses. When the function is activated the following input requests will appear in the two
dialogue lines:
Enter line thickness (1 to 16)!
and
Line thickness: Pen Stroke: .
As a first step the number of the line thickness to be edited must be entered; subsequently the pen
stroke (in mm) belonging to that line thickness must be specified.
The default pen strokes assigned to the available line thicknesses are the following:
Line Thickness: Pen Stroke (mm)
1 0 (thin line)
2 0.18
3 0.25
4 0.35
5 0.5
6 0.7
7 1.0
8 2.0
9 3.0
10 5.0
11 7.0
12 9.0
13 10.0
14 11.0
15 12.0
16 13.0
7.5 Geometry Information
Info Menu Function
The "Info" function serves to obtain geometry information on selected entities. After the function as
been activated and an entity has been identified in the drawing field, the corresponding geometry
data will be displayed in the dialogue lines. Additional data can be obtained by striking <F1>, pro-
vided that the cursor is positioned in the drawing field.
- 67 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.6 Define the Relative Zero Point
Rel. Zero Menu Function
Please cf. the detailed description of this function in the section 5 of this manual (page 49).
Diagram: Setting a Relative Zero Point
7.7 Chamfering and Rounding of Polygon Corners.
Insrt Arc Menu Function

Insrt.Chamf. Menu Function
These functions serve to insert a rounding or chamfer at the corner points of polygons such as
rectangles, contour strings or fitting curves.
When either of the functions "Insert Arc" or "Insert chamfer" is acticated, the prompt
Identify polygon corner point ! .
will appear in the dialogue lines.
After a polygon corner point has been succesfully identified, a further input request will appear in the
dialogue lines:
Arc radius ? Chamfer length ?
The applicable data are to be entered on the keyboard. The chamfer of the specified length is al-
ways symmetrical. If the specified values are to great and therefore invalid, this will be indicated,
and the system will renounce this input.
- 68 -
MTS Entities Menu
Diagram : Insert Arc
Diagram : Insert Chamfer
- 69 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.8 Set Symbol
Set Symbol Menu Function
Upon activating this function two input masks will appear in the dialogue lines:
Symbols Library : Symbol Name : .
Enter to the first mask the name of the symbols library containing the desired symbol; enter to the
second mask the applicable symbol name.
The following prompt
Enter symbol position !
requests from the user the entry of a point where the symbol shall be set. This will be the point
where the origin of the symbol is displayed and the symbol will be inserted into the drawing in its
original size.
The search for the specified symbols library will be executed in the order of directories given below:
1. in the current directory,

2. in the directory from which the program has been invoked,
3. in the directories specified in the configuration file,
4. in the directory which contains the the default symbols directory.
Not only the function "Set Symbol" but also the input of symbols library and symbol names are self-
retaining. Repeated insertion of a symbol into a drawing is therefore made an easy task.
In the case that a symbols library or a symbol is not found, or a specified symbols library does not
contain the desired symbol, a corresponding error message will be displayed.
- 70 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.9 Text Input
Text Menu Function

Aux. Contour Switch
When this function is active a text of up to sixty characters can be entered and subsequently posi-
tioned in the drawing field.
After activation of the function the following prompt will be displayed in the dialogue lines:
Enter text position ! .
A first point must be entered to define the position of the text. For further details concerning the final
positioning of a text in the drawing field, please refer to the explanations given below in the para-
graph "text position".
After a first point has been entered to define the text position, in the dialogue lines input masks will
appear, which concern the following parameters
- text line (max. 60 characters),

- character font
- width of text,
- height of text,
- orientation of text,
- slant of text,
- position of text.
The parameter "text position" will define the position of the text relative to the originally defined text
insertion point in the drawing field. There is a choice of the following seven text positions:
- 71 -
MTS Entities Menu
Diagram: Seven possible reference points for text insertion
After all relevant parameters have been entered the text will appear on the graphic screen in the
desired size and position, but provisionally in dashed characters. The user is then requested to
either
- adopt (<F2> key),

- edit (<F1> key) or
- delete (<F3> key)
the displayed text.
- 72 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.10 Hatching to Fill an Entity
Hatching Menu Function
This function serves to hatch the interior of closed contours such as
- circles,
- rectangles,
- sketch contours,
- contour strings and
- fitting-curves
In the case that a contour to be hatched is not closed (e.g. an open fitting curve), the interior of that
area will be hatched, which is defined by linking the beginning point and the end point of a contour
by a straight line.
When this function is activated, the following input request will appear in the dialogue lines:
Identify entity ! .
A contour of the above mentioned kind has to be identified. When a non-valid entity is identified,
this will be indicated by an error message which must be acknowledged by operating the <F1> key.
After the contour to be cross-hatched has been identified, the user will be requested to define
eventual islands which should be exempted from the hatching. The applicable command is
Identify island <F1>, quit <F2> !
Any number of islands can be identified this way, the only condition being that the island constitutes
a contour of the above mentioned type. The procedure of identifying islands is terminated by
pressing the <F2> key; thereupon the cross-hatching of the originally identified object will be ef-
fected with all islands being exempted. The kind of hatching will be dependent of the data concern-
ing "spacing" and "angle" as entered to the menu item "Attributes" .
- 73 -
MTS Entities Menu
Diagram: Hatching of a Contour with Islands
- 74 -
MTS Entities Menu
7.11 Generate a Rectangle
Rectangle Menu Function

Aux. Contour Switch
This function serves to create an axially parallel rectangle by entering two diagonally opposed points
which will be the corner points defining the rectangle.
7.12 Generate a Point
Point Menu Function

Aux. Cont. Switch
When this function is activated, a point can be set at the defined position, each defined will be
marked by a small axially parallel cross.
7.13 Quitting the Entities Menu

To quit the entities menu, please select "Main Menu". The main menu will be displayed on the
screen.
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MTS Hatching Menu
7.14 Hatching Menu

After activating any of the five functions of this menu, all hatching patterns available with the current
drawing will be displayed in the working area of the screen. A hatching pattern to be edited can
now be selected, either graphically or alphanumerically. Graphic selection is effected by positioning
the cursor in one of the square fields showing the hatching patterns and then operating <F1>. Alter-
nately the respective number can be typed on the keyboard.
If the current drawing is stored, all hatchings currently generated or edited are stored as well, re-
gardless whether they have been applied or not. They will therefore be available with each re-
loading of the drawing.
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Displ. patterns Display available hatching patterns
Delete hatchg. Delete a hatching
Copy hatchg. Copy a hatching
Shift hatchg. Copy and rename a hatching
Edit hatchg. Edit a hatching
Create hatchg. Create a hatching
Entities menu Invoke the entities menu
Main menu Invoke the main menu
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MTS Hatching Menu
7.14.1 Basic Hatchings

In INCAD each hatching pattern consists of a hatch name and an optional number of so-called ba-
sic hatchings. A basic hatching is a pattern of lines determined by the following parameters:
Space : Space between hatch lines

Angle : Angle of hatch line inclination
Colour : Colour of hatch lines
Line type : Line type
Line thickn. : Line thickness
Base point : Pattern reference point of the selected line type
Drawn Li. : Number of lines drawn per sequence (before skipping a line)
Hidden Li. : Number of hidden lines per sequence
7.14.2 Display Patterns
Displ. Patterns Menu Function
Upon activation of this function the existing hatching patterns will be graphically displayed, as
shown in the following diagram:
Diagram: Screen display of existing hatching patterns
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MTS Hatching Menu
7.14.3 Delete Hatchings
Delete hatchg. Menu Function
This function is self-explaining.
7.14.4 Copy / Shift Hatchings
Copy hatchg. Menu Function

Shift hatchg. Menu Function
This function serves to move a hatching to a new position in the displayed sequential list of pat-
terns, by either
- copying the pattern (retaining the original position) or

- shifting the pattern (deleting the name of the original position).
Upon activating the function the applicable hatching patterns are displayed. In the first dialogue line
the following input request will appear:
Enter No. of hatching :
The hatching pattern to be edited must now be identified by either selecting the respective field with
the cursor or by entering the applicable number on the keyboard.
The selected pattern will be marked by a frame and a new system request appears:
Strike <F1> to define the new position,

Strike <F2> to shift to the end of the list!
Use the graphic cursor to identify that pattern on the list, whose position shall be taken by the previ-
ously selected hatching. By operating the <F2> key, the selected pattern can be moved to the end
of the list.
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MTS Hatching Menu
7.14.5 Editing a Hatching
Edit hatchg. Menu Function
This function serves to edit the name and the parameters of existing hatchings.
Upon activating the function, the following prompt appears:
Enter hatching number !
Use the cursor to pick the hatching you want to edit, or enter the applicable number on the key-
board. The selected hatching will be highlighted and its name will be indicated in the first dialogue
line it can be renamed by overwriting.
After the original name has been acknowledged or overwritten, an input mask is displayed in the
dialogue lines, showing the parameters of the original basic hatching. You can either overwrite or
adopt these values (by operating the <F2> key). Other existing basic hatchings will be subsequently
displayed, their parameters can be edited accordingly.
After the last basic hatching has been edited the actualized list of hatching patterns is automatically
displayed (on condition that any of the original values have been edited).
7.14.6 Create a Hatching
Create hatchg. Menu Function
This function serves to generate a new hatching pattern, made up of a single or several basic
hatchings, which have to be defined first.
When the function is activated, an input mask appears in the first dialogue line, into which the num-
ber of basic hatchings and the name of the hatching are to be entered. Next the input mask for the
first basic hatching is displayed. The desired parameters can now be entered.
Depending on the number of basic hatchings to be defined, their respective values must subse-
quently be entered into the same input mask.
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MTS Hatching Menu
7.14.6.1 Example
The following example illustrates the step-by-step procedure of generating a hatching pattern made
up of star shapes.
Example: Hatching pattern
In the above shown hatching a user-defined line type is employed, which consists of uniform sec-
tions of the length a, and whose spacing has the same length a. It is assumed that this line type has
been previously defined.
Three basic hatchings are needed to create the star-shape pattern:
- the first hatching for the horizontal parts of the star,

- the second hatching for the parts of the star having an inclination angle of 60 degrees,
- the third hatching for the parts of the star having an inclination angle of 120 degrees
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MTS Hatching Menu
For the sake of distinction, in the diagram below a greater line thickness has been used to display
the three sections of the basic hatchings to which we refer in the following:
Diagram: Model object for the generation of the hatching pattern.
A bit of calculation will be necessary to establish the base points A, B and C of three basic hatch-
ings as well as the spacing of hatch lines of the same direction. Accounting for the section length a
of the line type employed, the following values are established:
Ax = -a = -1,
Ay = 0,5 * sqrt(3) * a = 0,5 * sqrt(3),
Bx = 1,25 * a = 1,25,
By = 0,25 * sqrt(3) * a = 0,25*sqrt(3),
Cx = 1,25 * a = 1,25,
Cy = -0,25 * sqrt(3) * a = -0,25 * sqrt(3),
Space = sqrt(3) * a = sqrt(3),
the last equation in each line coming about by adopting the value 1 for the length a.
- 81 -
MTS Hatching Menu
Definition of the 1st Basic Hatching:
Space : 1,73205
Angle : 0 degrees
Colour : 1
Line type : 9 (number of the user-defined line type)
Line thickn. : 1
Base pt. x : -1.0
Base pt. y : 0,86603
Draw : 1
Hide : 0
If only the first basic hatching were employed, the hatching pattern would look as follows:
Diagram: First basic hatching
- 82 -
MTS Hatching Menu
Definition of the 2nd Basic Hatching:
Space : 1,73205
Angle : 60 degrees
Colour : 1
Line thickn. : 1
Base pt. x : 1,25
Base pt. y : 0,43301
Draw : 1
Hide : 0
With two basic hatchings defined the pattern would look like this:
Diagram: First and second basic hatching
- 83 -
MTS Hatching Menu
Definition of the 3rd Basic Hatching:
Space : 1,73205
Angle : 120 degrees
Colour : 1
Line thickn. : 1
Base pt. x : 1,25
Base pt.y : -0,43301
Draw : 1
Hide : 0
With all three basic hatchings defined the pattern now looks as intended:
Diagram: Final hatching pattern
Once the complete pattern has been successfully generated and stored, it can be scaled up or
down as desired, by setting an optional hatch scaling factor (different from 1).
- 84 -
MTS Lines Menu
7.15 Lines Menu
Line Menu Function
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Aux./ Cont. Toggle switch to select the drawing

layer
Distance Switch for the menu function "Parallels"
2 Points Input of two points to define a line
Horizontal Input of a horizontal line
Vertical Input of a vertical line
Perpend. Input of a perpendicular on a line
Parallel Input of a parallel to a line
Tang. 2 Circ Draw a tangent to two circles
Tang. Ang. Draw a tangent to one circle (angle

input)
Tang. Pt. Draw a tangent from a point to a circle
Freeform Cve Activate the menu "Free Form Curves"
Cont. String Activate the contour strings menu
Circle Activate the circles menu
Circ. Arc Activate the circular arcs menu
Ent. Menu Activate the entities menu
- 85 -
MTS Lines Menu
7.15.1 Generate a Line
2 Points Menu Function

Aux./ Cont. Toggle Switch
Lines can be created in any position by entering the coordinate data of two points: the beginning
and end point of the applicable line. This will be the default function when the lines menu is se-
lected.
7.15.2 Generate Horizontal Lines / Vertical Lines
Horizontal Menu Function

Vertical Menu Function
Aux./ Cont. Toggle switch
Horizontal and vertical lines can be created in this menu. As a first step the system will request the
input of the beginning point of a line.
When horizontal lines are generated, only the x- coordinate of the end point will be computed; when
vertical lines are generated only the y- coordinate of the end point will be computed. If the input
mode is set to "abs", only a single value is requested.
- 86 -
MTS Lines Menu
7.15.3 Generate Perpendicular
Perpend. Menu Function

Distance Switch
A perpendicular is a line raised from or dropped onto a given line.
Upon activation of the function
Perpend.
the following prompt will appear in the upper dialogue line :
Identify line !
After a line has been identified an additional cursor, representing the perpendicular, will be dis-
played, which follows the movement of the cross-hairs.
Any number of perpendiculars can be inserted into the drawing before the input is terminated by
operating the <F2> key.
Enter point (or strike <F2> to terminate the input) !
The length of the perpendicular as well as the contour layer it is assigned to, will depend on the
position of applicable switches. When "Aux" is the active switch position and the "Distance" switch
is inoperative, the perpendicular lines are drawn out to the margin of the drawing field, and will be
marked (in colour) as auxiliary contours.
With the "Distance" switch operative, the sign of a perpendicular length is accounted for, according
to the following principle:
Positive signs to a length will effect upward orientation, negative signs effect downward orientation.
To vertical lines applies the following:
Positive sign - Perpend. line to the right;

Negative sign - Perpend. line to the left.
The two basic modes of defining a perpendicular to be generated are:
- a) Dropping a perpendicular from a point onto a line

- b) Raising a perpendicular from a point on a line
In the following an overwiew of options according to switch positions is given:
- 87 -
MTS Lines Menu
Interactive steps: Function:
Operative switch Contour :
a) Enter point ! The entered point is situated above or below the

identified line; it will be the beginning point of the
perpendicular line.
The perpendicular end point is situated on the
identified line
b) Enter point ! The first point is situated on the identified line

Enter end point ! and will be the beginning point of the perpen-
dicular line; it follows that the second point must
be situated above or below the selected line to
be the end point of the perpendicular.
Operative switch: Auxiliary Contour :
a) and b) Enter point ! Any point can be defined to be intersected by

the perpendicular line; Beginning and end points
are situated on the margins of the drawing area.
Operative switch: Distance :
b) Enter distance in numerical val- The point to be entered (the beginning point of
ues, and the perpendicular) must be situated on the se-
Enter point ! lected line; the distance entered defines the the
length of the perpendicular and therefore its end
point.
- 88 -
MTS Lines Menu
Diagrams: Dropping a perpendicular from a point
Example: Centring
Generating perpendicular bisectors on lines - an frequently needed feature - can be effected by

using the capture criterion "middle point" to localize a point.
Diagram: Perpendicular in the con- Diagram: Perpendicular in the auxiliary

tour layer contour layer
- 89 -
MTS Lines Menu
7.15.4 Create Parallel Lines
Parallel Menu Function

Distance Switch
A line parallel to an existing line is generated.
Upon activating the function
Parallel
the following prompt appears in the upper dialogue line:
Identify line !
After a line has been identified (and on condition that the "distance" switch is inoperative) an addi-
tional cursor, representing the parallel, will be displayed, which follows the movement of the cross-
hairs.
Any number of parallels can be inserted into the drawing before the input is terminated by operating
the applicable key. Upon the prompt, appearing in the upper dialogue line
Enter point (or strike <F2> to terminate the input) !
the creation of parallels can be terminated by striking the <F2> key.
The length of the parallels as well as the contour layer to which they are assigned to, will depend on
the position of the applicable switches. When "Aux" is the active switch position, the parallel lines
are drawn out to the margin of the drawing field and will be marked (in colour) as auxiliary contours.
With the "distance" switch operative, up to ten consecutive entries of distances with optional values
and signs can be made. After the first distance entry is confirmed by striking the <RETURN> key,
the following input request will appear in the upper dialogue line:
Enter distance !
<F1> for repeated entry; <F2> for further input of dis-
tances !
One of these options must be selected before entries into the following input mask can be made.
When <F1> is operated, the input of a factor will be requested in the upper dialogue line:
Enter number !
The value to be entered must be greater than zero; it determines the number of parallel lines with
the same spacing.
When <F2> is pressed instead the input of further distance data is requested:
Distance 1...10, <F2> to terminate !
In this input mode each operation of the <RETURN> key shifts the cursor to the next empty input
field in the lower dialogue line. Consecutive entry of distance values is requested until the cursor
arrives in the last mask of the lower dialogue line. After completing entries to this mask, ten parallel
lines will be generated - no further key must be operated. To create less than ten parallel lines, the
distance input can be cancelled by striking <F2>.
- 90 -
MTS Lines Menu
Input of a sign with the distance will effect the following:
With a positive sign to the distance input, parallel lines above the identified line will be generated,
and with a negative sign parallel lines below the identified line will be generated.
In the case of vertical lines the following applies:
Positive sign - the parallel is positioned to the right of the verti-

cal;
negative sign - the parallel is positioned to the left of the
vertical.
All in all parallels can be generated in one of the following three ways:
- a) by entering a point for localization,
- b) by entering a distance,
- c) by entering a distance and a multiplication factor.
In the following a detailed overwiew of options is given, accounting for the position of the ap-
plicable switches.
Operative switch Contour :
a) Enter point ! Entering a point will define the projection of the

identified line according to the perpendicular;
the length of the parallel lines will be identical
with the length of the identified line.
Operative switch Aux. Contour :
a) Enter point ! The parallel will intersect the entered point; all
parallels will be drawn out to the margins of the
current drawing window.
Operative switches Distance and Contour :
b) Enter distance ! Parallels will be generated according to the

Enter further distances ! perpendicular and the specified distances; the
length of the parallel lines will be identical with
the length of the identified line
Operative switches Distance and Aux. Contour :
b) Enter distance ! Parallels will be generated according to the

Enter further distances ! perpendicular and the specified distances; all
- 91 -
MTS Lines Menu
Operative switches Distance and Contour :
c) Enter distance ! Parallels will be generated according to the

Enter number of parallel lines ! perpendicular and the specified distance; the
length of the parallel lines will be identical with
the length of the identified line.
Operative switches Distance and Aux. Contour :
c) Enter distance ! Parallels will be generated according to the

Enter number of parallel lines ! perpendicular and the specified distance; all
Diagram: Three parallel lines with different spacing
Diagram: Result on the Cont. layer Diagram: Result on the Aux. layer
Diagram: Parallel line through the middle point of another line
Diagram: Result on the Cont. layer Diagram: Result on the Aux. layer
- 92 -
MTS Lines Menu
7.15.5 Draw a Tangent to Two Circles
Tang. 2 Circ Menu Function

Aux. Cont. Switch
Inner and outer tangents to two circles can be generated, provided that these circles do not inter-
sect. In the case that the circles touch or intersect, only the outer tangents can be drawn.
The smallest distance between two identified points will be decisive for creating either one of the
tangents. A tangent generated in the "Aux." contour layer will be prolonged up to the margin of the
drawing field. The display colour of a tangent depends on the activated layer.
Diagram: Inner and outer tangents onto two circles
Only if the applicable circle entities do not intersect, a so-called inner tangent can be generated.
Therefore one circle has to be identified above its centre while the other is identified below the circle
centre.
For generating a tangent to two circles, the following requests will appear in the dialogue lines :
Identify first circle entity !
Identify second circle entity !
To intersecting circles a so-called outer tangent can be drawn. The two circle entities must either be
identified above or below the respective circle centre.
- 93 -
MTS Lines Menu
Diagram: Inner tangent to two non-intersecting circles; in the contour layer.
Diagram: Outer tangent to two intersecting circles; in the auxiliary contour layer
- 94 -
MTS Lines Menu
7.15.6 Draw a Tangent to a Circle (Angle Input)
Tang. Ang. Menu Function

Aux. Contour Toggle Switch
There are two ways of generating a tangent (with regard to the optional direction):
- Angle input (in degrees relative to the positive X- axis),

- Identification of a line entitiy (thereby adopting a given direction).
When the function
Tang. Ang.
is activated in the upper dialogue line the following prompt will appear:
Identify circle entity !
On which side the tangent will be drawn is decided by setting the point for identification of the circle
entity. After the identification the user must choose one of the two options which are displayed in the
dialogue line:
Enter angle value <F1> or identify line <F2> !
Pressing the <F1> key will make the alphanumerical angle input operative. A message in the upper
dialogue line:
Direction( -180 ... +180 degrees) !
indicates the range of permitted values for directing the tangent. The angle defining the tangent
direction is now entered to the mask next to the message. Entries refer to the positive x-axis. An
entry with a negative sign will result in a residual angle of 180 degrees minus the entered angle.
Pressing <F2> will, instead of the request for an angle input, make the following prompt appear:
Identify Line !
The given gradient of the identified line will then define the direction of the tangent .
Depending on the selected layer each entry can result in two different representations of the tan-
gent on the display screen.
When the "Contour" layer is active, the beginning point of the tangent is defined by positioning the
cursor on the periphery of the circle entity from where it can be moved, according to the defined
direction, to the end point which has to be defined. This cursor movement towards the end point
can be exerted after the request :
Enter End Point !
has been answered. The tangent end point will be the vertical projection of the cursor position onto
the drawn tangent.
When "Aux." is the operative switch position, the tangent will be drawn according to the angle input,
with its end points on the margins of the drawing field. The above mentioned interactive step (Enter
End Point !) is not applicable in this case.
1. Example: Adopting a tangent direction
- 95 -
MTS Lines Menu
1: Identify Circle !
1: Identify Line !
2: Identify Circle !
3a: Switch is set to "Contour".
3b: Switch is set to "Aux.".
2. Example: Angle Input.
Diagram: Input of an angle of 60 degrees. Diagram: Input of an angle of -60 degrees.
- 96 -
MTS Lines Menu
7.15.7 Draw a Tangent to a Circle
Tang. Pt. Menu Function

Aux. Cont. Switch
This function serves to generate a tangent to a circular entity. Two ways of proceeding are possible:
- a) starting out from a point outside the circular entity, or

- b) starting out from a point on the circle.
When the function is activated a prompt will appear in the upper dialogue line:
Identify Entity !
After identification of the entity which shall be touched by the tangent, the beginning point of the
tangent (which may be situated on the periphery of or outside the circle entity) must be defined
when the following prompt appears:
Enter beginning point of the tangent !
The the subsequent message requests the entry of the tangent end point:
Enter End Point !
Where the beginning point is not situated on the edge of the identified circle entity the applicable
entry will only approximatly define the tangent end point. Of the two possible tangents to a circle,
that one will be generated whose defined end point is situated closer to the touching point on the
circle.
Where the beginning point is situated on the circle, the tangent will be displayed according to the
cursor movements until a definite end point is entered. The position of the localized point will be
projected vertically onto the tangent to make out the end point.
When the "Auxiliary Contour" layer is operative the beginning and end point of a tangent will be
situated on the margins of the drawing field.
- 97 -
MTS Lines Menu
Example: Drawing a tangent from a point to a circle
1: Identify Circle Entity !

2: Enter Tangent Beginning Point ! (Localize Point)
3: Enter End Point !
- 98 -
MTS Lines Menu
Example: Draw a Tangent to a Point on the Circle
1: Identify Circle Entity !

2: Enter Tangent Beginning Point ! (Localize Circle Entity)
3: Enter End Point !
7.15.8 Quitting the Lines Menu

Quit the lines menu by selecting (and thereby invoking) one of the menus in the lower group of the
menu bar.
- 99 -
MTS Circle Menu
7.16 Circle Menu
Circle Menu Functions
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Aux./ Cont. Toggle switch to define the drawing layer
Radius Radius Switch
Tang. 1 Ent. Tangent to one entity
Tang. 2 Ent. Tangent to two entities
Tang. 3 Ent. Tangent to three entities
Centre Pnt. Circle generation by defining centre
3 Points Circle generation by defining three points
Diameter Circle generation by defining diameter
Centr.+Tang. Circle generation by defining centre and

tangent
Conc. Circ. Generation of concentric circles
Cont. String Activate the contour strings menu
Line Activate the line menu
Point Set a point
- 100 -
MTS Circle Menu
In addition to the already described "switches", with the circle menu a so-called "radius" switch is
available. Its activation will effect the following:
Where the switches
Tang. 1 Ent.
Tang. 2 Ent.
resp. the menu item
Centre Pnt.
are employed in the design process, the last parameter entry requested from the user will be the
radius of the circle to be created. With all other menu items of the circle menu the "radius" switch is
inoperative.
7.16.1 Draw a Circle Tangentially to One, Two or Three Entities
Tang. 1 Ent. Menu Function

Aux./ Cont Switch
Radius Switch
This function serves to generate a circle which touches one, two or three existing entities (called
"reference entities" in the following).
Valid reference entities are:
- Points
- Lines
- Circular Arcs
- Circles
- Polygon Entities (i.e. entities in contour strings, fitting curves, rectangulars).
Three entries are necessary to define a circle, namely:

- one, two or three reference entities to be touched by the circle,
- points situated on the circle,
- the length of the circle radius (if the "radius" switch is operative).
- 101 -
MTS Circle Menu
1st. Input:
In the dialogue line the following prompt is displayed:
Identify Tangential Entity ! ,
whereupon an existing refence entity must be identified, which is to be touched by the generated
circle.
2nd. Input:
With the switch "Tang. 1 Ent." operative, the user will be requested to
Enter a Point ! ,
whereupon a point must be entered which shall be situated on the generated circle. In both other
cases a further tangential reference entity is to be defined.
3rd. Input:
With the switch "Tang. 3 Ent." operative a third tangential reference entity must be identified to
have the circle computed and displayed. In both other cases the circle radius or a point on the circle
periphery must be entered, depending on whether the switch "radius" is active or not. Accordingly in
the dialogue lines the prompts
Enter radius !
or
Enter point ! .
will be alternately displayed.
Where more than one solution is possible, the respective circles can be displayed by operating the
cursor. By pressing <F1> a specific solution can be adopted.
Please note that distances resp. circular arcs which have been identified as reference entities will
be computed to appear as lines resp. full circles. The user will then have the standard design op-
tions available with lines and circles.
1st Example: Circle touching two entities,
"Radius" switch active.
- 102 -
MTS Circle Menu
2nd Example: Circle touching three entities
7.16.2 Circle Generation by Defining Centre
Centre Pnt. Menu Function

Aux. Cont. Switch
This will be the default function when entering the circle menu.
A circle is generated by entering the centre as well as a point on the circle periphery (or, if the
"radius" switch is active, by specifying the radius).
7.16.3 Circle Generation by Defining Three Points

Aux. / Cont. Switch
A circle is generated by entering three points situated on its periphery.
Example: Circle generation from three points.
- 103 -
MTS Circle Menu
7.16.4 Circle Generation by Defining Diameter
Diameter Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
A circle is generated by entering two points situated on its periphery, and whose distance is identi-
cal with the diameter.
7.16.5 Circle Generation by Defining Centre and Tangent
Centr.+Tang. Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
A circle is generated by entering the centre and selecting an existing reference entity which is to be
touched by the generated circle.
After this function is activated, the following prompt will be displayed in the dialogue lines:
Enter circle centre ! ,
upon which the desired circle centre can be entered. The subsequent prompt:
Identify tangential entity ! ,
request the user to identify an existing reference entity which is meant to touch the circle.
Example: Circle tangential to a contour string
- 104 -
MTS Circle Menu
7.16.6 Generation of Concentric Circles
Conc. Circ. Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
This function serves to generate a family of circles with a common centre. The centre coordinates
must be defined only once, as long as the cursor is positioned within the drawing area circles can
repeatedly be created by pressing <F1>
When the function is selected a prompt appears in the dialogue lines
Enter circle centre ! ,
upon which the centre of the concentric circles system to be generated can be entered. That circle
on which the cursor is currently positioned will be displayed and its radius can be manipulated by
moving the cursor; while this is done the request
Enter point on the circle !
will appear.
By pressing the <F1> key the currently displayed circle is adopted, it will then be displayed in the
defined drawings colour.
The input request
Enter point on the circle !
remains operative: as long as the cursor is positioned within the drawing area further circles, with
the same centre and intersecting the respective current cursor position, can be created by repeat-
edly operating <F1>.
Example: A system of concentric circles
To cancel the function, press <F2> or <F3> or select a different Menu Function.
- 105 -
MTS Circle Menu
7.16.7 Quitting the Circle Menu

Quit the circle menu by selecting (and thereby invoking) one of the menus in the lower group of the
menu bar.
- 106 -
MTS Circular Arc Menu
7.17 Circular Arc Menu
Circ. Arc Menu Function
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Radius Radius Switch
Tang. 1 Ent. Tangent to one entity
Tang. 2 Ent. Tangent to two entities
Tang. 3 Ent. Tangent to three entities
Centre Pnt. Generation of a circular arc by defining the

centre
3 Points Generation of a circular arc by defining three

points
Diameter Generation of a circular arc by defining the

diameter
Cont. String. Activate the contour strings menu
Circle Activate the circle menu
Line Activate the line menu
Point Set a point
- 107 -
In addition to the already described "switches", with the circle menu a so-called "radius" switch is
available. Its activation will effect the following:
Where the switches
Tang. 1 Ent.
Tang. 2 Ent.
are employed in the design process, the last parameter entry requested from the user will be the
radius of the circular arc to be created. With all other menu items of the circular arc menu the
"radius" switch is inoperative.
7.17.1 Draw a Circular Arc Touching One, Two or Three Entities

Aux. / Cont. Switch
Radius Switch
This function serves to generate a circular arc which will touch one two or three existing entities
(called "reference entities" in the following).
- Points
- Lines
- Circular Arcs
- Circles
- Polygon Entities (i.e. entities in contour strings, fitting curves, rectangulars).
Three entries are necessary to define a circular arc, namely:
- one, two or three reference entities to be touched by the circular arc,

- points to be situated on the circular arc,
- the length of the arc radius (if the "radius" switch is operative).
- 108 -
1st. Input:
In the dialogue line the following prompt is displayed:
Identify Tangential Entity ! ,
whereupon an existing refence entity must be identified, which is to be touched by the generated
circular arc.
2nd. Input:
With the switch "Tang. 1 Ent." operative, the user will be requested to
Enter a Point ! ,
whereupon a point must be entered which shall be situated on the generated circular arc. In both
other cases a further tangential reference entity is to be defined.
3rd. Input:
With the switch "Tang. 3 Ent." operative a third tangential reference entity must be identified to
have the circular arc computed and displayed. In both other cases the arc radius or its end point
must be entered, depending on whether the switch "radius" is active or not. Accordingly in the dia-
logue lines alternately the input prompts
Enter radius !
or
Enter point ! .
will be displayed.
With all three cases the beginning point of the circular arc to be generated is situated on the first
identified reference entity. When more than one tangential reference entities are used in the design
process, the endpoint of the arc will be situated on the last identified entity.
Where more than one solution is possible, the respective circular arcs can be displayed by moving
the cursor. By pressing <F1> the desired solution can be adopted.
Press <F3> to ignore all options and cancel the function.
Please note that distances resp. circular arcs which have been identified as reference entities will
be computed to appear as lines resp. full circles. The user will then have the standard design op-
tions available with circular arcs.
- 109 -
1. Example:
Circular arc tangential onto one entity; "Radius" switch is operative.
2. Example:
Circular arc tangential onto two entities; "Radius" switch is operative.
- 110 -
7.17.2 Generation of a Circular Arc by Defining the Centre
Centre Pt. Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
This will be the default active function when entering the circular arc menu.
The beginning and the end point of the arc must be entered in addition to the centre point .
7.17.3 Generation of a Circular Arc by Defining Three Points

Aux. / Cont. Switch
The circular arc is defined by consecutive input of three points, the first being the beginning point
the last being the end point of the arc.
7.17.4 Generation of a Semicircle by Defining the Diameter
Diameter Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
Only semicircles can be created with this function. After two points have been entered, corre-
sponding cursor movement will cause two semicircles to be displayed, whose beginning and end
points are the aforementioned points. The desired semicircle can then be adopted by pressing
<F1>.
7.17.5 Quitting the Circular Arc Menu

When one of the menus from the bottom group on the menu bar is selected, the circular arc menu
will be quitted and the selected Menu Function be activated.
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MTS Contour String Menu
7.18 Contour Strings Menu
Cont String. Menu Function
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Radius Radius-Switch
Tangential Quit previous entity tangentially
End Tangent Join next entity tangentially
Line w. End Line with an end point
Centre Generation of a circular arc by defining centre
Arc Pts. Generation of a circular arc as part of a

three-point contour string
Diameter Generation of a circular arc by defining the

diameter
Del. Last Additional function for deleting the current

previous entity.
Circle Activate the circles menu
- 112 -
yThis menu serves to generate so-called contour strings which are chains or strings of linked-up
entities, namely straight lines and circular arcs, with each end point of a link being the beginning
point of the next.
In addition to the switches already explained, in the contour string menu the following switches are
operative:
- Radius
- End Tangent and
- Tangential.
The "Radius" switch can be activated when the entry of a radius is desired to generate a circular arc
as an entity forming a part of a contour string; cf. above: Circular Arc Menu.
When the "Tangential" switch is operative the contour string will quit the last created entity tangen-
tial, i.e. without "corners"; when the " End Tangent" switch is operative the contour string will join the
next identified reference entity tangentially.
- Points
- Lines
- Circular arcs
- Circles
- Polygon entities (i.e. entities forming part of contour strings, fitting curves, rectangulars).
Generating a contour string will be started by entering a beginning point. Further points must be
entered to subsequently create
- straight lines and/or

- circular arcs.
The input of contour string data is carried out in three consecutive steps:
1st step: (Input of the starting point)
The first point entered will be the starting point of the contour string to be created. At this stage the
switches "Radius", "Tangential" and "End Tangent" are not yet operative.
2nd step: (Input of the first entity)
The menu item "Line with an end point" (Lin. w. End.) will be the standard default active function.
When, in this mode, a second point is entered the two defined points will be linked by a a straight
line, which forms the first contour string entity to be adopted.
When a circular arc is desired as the first entity in the contour string, one of the menu func-
tions "Centre", "Arc Points" or "Diameter" must be selected prior to the input of the
second point. Point input options in creating a circular arc as the first entity in the con-
tour string are the following:
- 113 -
- "Centre":
centre and end point of the circular arc ;
- "Arc Points":
two points; the first point is situated on the arc, the second is the end point of the arc;
- "Diameter":
the end point of the semicircle.
3rd step: (Input of further entities)
The input of each following entity is carried out as described above under "2nd step: Input of the
first entity".
Switches will support the input of contour string data. These switches, however, can only be acti-
vated after the starting point has been defined (i.e. not earlier than in the second step of the proce-
dure); switches must always be set before the applicable menu function is activated. There is an
option of the following switches:
- Radius:
This switch can only be activated when the menu function "Arc. Pts." is employed to
generate a circular arc as a contour string entity; otherwise the switch will be inopera-
tive.
- Tangential:
This switch can only be activated after the first entity has been entered. When the
switch is operative the last entered contour string entity will be joined to the previous
entity tangentially, i.e. without "corners".
Most likely it will only make sense to set this switch when the previous or the current
entity are circular arcs and a smooth transition is desired. Where two straight lines are
concerned the switch may only serve to insert an intermediate point.
- End Tangent:
Although this switch can also be activated with the generation of a straight line it will
only make sense to employ it with the generation of circular arcs. As with the "radius"
switch the "end tangent" function will only be operative when the menu function "Arc.
Pts." is employed to generate a circular arc as a contour string entity. If activated the
switch will effect a tangential transition from the current entity to the next identified ref-
erence entity.
The system expects the reference entity to be identified first. Subsequently the radius
of the circular arc or a point situated on the arc must be entered - depending on
whether the "radius" switch has been activated or not.
In the case that no contour string entity can be generated from the entered data, a cor-
responding error message will appear in the dialogue lines. Only after this prompt has
been acknowledged by pressing the <F1> key can the input procedure be repeated.
- 114 -
Diagram: Open contour string
When the <F3> key is operated during the generation of a circular arc as part of a contour string, all
applicable data entered so far will be canceled. The input procedure can then be resumed.
To remove a completely generated contour string entity the function Del. Last (described in the
following) must be activated.
7.18.1 Function "Delete Last Entity"
Del. Last Menu Function
Provided that the current contour string has at least one entity to it, the adoption of the applicable
last entity can be cancelled by activating the menu function Del. Last. The movable line following
the cursor will then revert to the end point of the last entered entity, and the input of the next entity
can be repeated.
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7.18.2 Cancel the Generation of a Contour String
Cancel Menu Function

Quit Menu Function
When the menu function "Cancel" is activated during the generation of a contour string, the partly
generated string, as displayed on the screen, will be deleted without being stored.
Selecting the menu function "Quit" will effect the normal procedure of terminating the input of con-
tour string data. There are the following options:
Closing the contour string: Operate <F2>

Adopting the contour string: Operate <F1>
Deleting the contour string: Operate <F3>
Closing a contour string means connecting the beginning and the end point by a straight line. To
quit and terminate the contour string input you can also operate the <F2> key. The dialogue will be
the same as when the menu function "Quit" is activated
7.18.3 Quitting the Contour Strings Menu

To quit the contour strings menu, select one of the menus in the lower group on the menu bar. The
selected menu will be invoked.
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MTS Free Curves
7.19 Free Curves

This sub-menu can be invoked from the menu item "Free Cve." of the Entities Menu. It contains the fol-
lowing two functions
- Fitting Curve and

- Sketch Contour,
the first of which is the default active function when the menu is invoked.
7.19.1 The Fitting Procedure
Fitting Menu Function

Fit. / Corn. Switch
Aux. / Cont. Switch
The fitting procedure can be employed to generate free curves as well as to scan the contours of an object
with the help of a puck, a pen or a mouse. Resulting curves will a priori be smooth, but "corners" can also
be inserted, if desired.
When applying this interpolation function, the user will be requested only to enter the points to be inter-
sected by the the curve. The applicable curve will then be generated from pairs of circular arcs (resp. arcs
and straight lines, or pairs of straight lines) connecting one point with the next entered point.
Once generated a fitting curve can be manipulated in many ways, so as to effect a local change of course.
For a detailed survey of the editing functions see below, Section "Edit Fitting Curve".
Generate a Fitting Curve
To generate a fitting curve the menu item "Fitting" is selected in the Free Form Menu (which in turn can be
invoked from the Entities Menu. "Fitting" ) "Fitting" will be the standard default operative function when the
Free Form Menu is activated.
After invocation of the menu therefore the following request will appear immediately:
Enter Point, Terminate with <F2> !
Points can now be localized by positioning the cursor within the drawing field and adopting the position with
<F1>. Input of points is also possible via the keyboard.
At least three points must be entered to generate a fitting curve.
During the input procedure the generated curve is graphically displayed on the screen accounting for the
point entered next to last. The entered points are marked on the curve.
After two points have been entered, a corner can be generated at each last entered point, provided that the
switch "Fitting Corner" is activated before input of the next point. This switch will remain active (and there-
fore highlighted in colour) during further input; it can be de-activated by selecting it once again.
When a currently genereated curve is made up of more than three points, the last point in question can be
cancelled by selecting the menu function "Del. Last" ; the "elastic line" on the graphic screen will jump back
to the point entered before last, whereupon the entry of the deleted point can be repeated.
By operating the <F3> key or selecting the menu function "Cancel" the procedure can be quitted at any
time, any part curve generated will then be ignored and deleted from the screen..
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MTS Free Curves
Operating <F2> or selecting "Terminate" on the menu bar terminates the input procedure; The following
prompt will appear in the upper dialogue line
Close <F2>, Do not close <F1> !
When <F2> is operated, the created fitting curve will be closed, in such a way that a curve element con-
taining no corners, will be inserted between the beginning and the end point.
When <F1> is pressed, the curvature, as generated and displayed so far, will be adopted.
Diagram: Closed Fitting Curve
- 118 -
MTS Free Curves
7.19.2 Sketch Contour
Aux./ Cont. Switch
This function serves to create a polyline by moving the cursor across the drawing area.
When the function is activated, the user will first be requested to define the length of the straight
lines from which the polygon is to be made up. After an applicable figure has been entered, the
coordinates of the beginning point must be entered (graphically or via the keyboard). Now a polygon
can be created by interpolation, according to the movements of the cursor in the drawing field; it will
be made up of straight lines of the specified length.
Operating <F1> will terminate the polyline generation.
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MTS Design Menu
8. Design Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Del. Aux. Delete all entities generated with the "Aux"

switch position operative
Def. Window Group entities in a window
Win. / Ent. Switch for editing either a group of entities or

a single entity (applies to each of the three
Mult. + functions)
Mult. + Move Multiple moving and copying of an entity

according to a matrix
Mult. + Mirror Copy an entity relative to an axis
Mult.+ Rot. Rotational multiple copying of an entity

relative to a polar centre
Trace Cont. Generate a contour string from optional enti-

ties, with automatic establishment of inter-
section points.
Del. Last Additional function to the "Trace Contour "

function: Deleting the currently last entity
Detail Copy Generate detail to scale
Offset Cve. Generate parallel curve equidistant to

existing curve
Trim One Lengthening or shortening an entity up to an-

other entity
Trim Two Lengthening or shortening two entities up to

their intersection point.
Divide Once Divide an open entity in two
Divide Twice Divide a closed entity in two, or delete a

section from an open entity.
Main Menu Quit the design menu and invoke the Main
Menu
Design 2 Invoke the Design Menu 2
- 120 -
MTS Design Menu
8.1 Delete Auxiliary Contours
Del. Aux. Menu Function
To obtain a better overview or to create a new auxiliary geometry, all existing auxiliary lines can be
deleted.
Accidential deletion of the auxiliary layer can be undone by pressing <F4>.
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MTS Design Menu
8.2 Multiplication of an Entity
8.2.1 Mirror an Entity Relative to a Line and Copy.
Mult. + Mir. Menu Function

Win. / Ent. Switch
This function can be used to copy graphic entities which are mirrored relative to an axis - provided
that this axis is itself a graphic entity which can be identified. Permissible entities are lines, circles,
arcs and contour strings, as well as symbols. In the case that an entity and its mirror image can be
joined at either one of the end points, a single symmetrical form will be created.
After selecting the function
Mult. + Mir.
a request to identify an entity to be mirrored will appear in the upper dialogue line.:
Identify entity !
After this identification has been acknowledged by operating <F1>, the next prompt will request the
identification of a mirror axis:
Identify mirror axis !
An existing line entity must be identified as the mirror axis; pressing <F1> will copy the mirror image
of the previously identified entity to the other side of the axis.
Copying dimensions is dependent on the state of the "Dim. Copy" switch.
When the "Win" position of the Win. / Ent. switch is operative, all of the grouped entities will be
mirrored.
The discrimination between open and closed entities is retained in the copying, as well as colour
and line attributes.
Example : Mirroring of a complex contour
- 122 -
MTS Design Menu
8.2.2 Moving and Multiplication of an Entity

The function
Mult. + Move Menu Function

Win. / Ent. Switch
serves to arrange entities in rows and columns, which relate to the axes of a local coordinates sys-
tem. This coordinates system, whose axes may be related non-orthogonal, is to be defined within
the universal coordinates system of the current drawing layer; the local system does not affect the
universal system. Rows correspond to the local x-axis while columns correspond to the y-axis.
To execute this function, the following operational sequence must be observed:
- 1. Select an entity
- 2. Define a reference system for rows and columns
- 3. Define the position of the first entity relative to the origin of the reference system
- 4. Specify the desired number of rows and columns
- 5. Specify the desired spacing between rows and columns
How to proceed:
As a first step, an entity must be identified:
Identify entity !
(Alternately a group of entities in a window may be identified, which renders the first input prompt
insignificant)
As a next step, a reference point must be defined to specify the translocation relative to the local
origin subsequently to be defined:
Enter reference point !
After this a point must be defined to establish the origin of a local reference system within the uni-
versal coordinates system. In the upper dialogue line the following input request appears:
Enter local origin !
After having defined this point, input of the inclination angle (to the positive x-axis of the universal
coordinates system) of the reference system is requested:
Enter angle to the positive X-axis (0 ... +360) !
After having been entered alphanumerically into the input mask next to the prompt, this angle de-
termines the axis along which the copies of the identified entity will be arranged in rows. The sec-
ond axis is then established with the input of the reference systems opening angle. The following
prompt appears in the lower dialogue line:
Enter opening angle of reference system (< 180) !
When the opening angle has been specified, the axes of the reference system will be displayed .
The copies of the identified entity will be moved according to the distance between the reference
point and the local origin.
- 123 -
MTS Design Menu
With all entities defined and their grouping in relation to the local coordinates system established,
now the number of rows and columns must be specified::
Enter the number of columns (X-direction) !
Enter the number of rows (Y-direction) !
The final input requests refer to the distances between copied entities within each row or column:
Enter spacing between columns !
Enter spacing between rows !
Where the number of rows or columns equals zero, the applicable request will not appear.
After the arrangement of entity copies in rows and columns has been completed, the indicated polar
centre as well as the axes of the reference system are deleted from the graphic screen.
If a group has been selected, all of its entities will be multiplied.
The copying of dimensions is dependent on the status of the "DimCopy" switch (Cf. Windows Menu,
page 156).
To cancel the redrawing of entities on the screen, press the <F3> key !
Diagram: Multiple copies of an object according to matrix
- 124 -
MTS Design Menu
8.2.3 Rotational Multiplication of an Entity
Mult. + Rot. Menu Function

Win. / Ent. Switch
This function serves to arrange copied entities around a polar centre. By specifying radii, multiple
concentric rows of entities can be established.
Several steps are necessary to implement this function:
1. Selection of an entity
2. Definition of the polar centre
3. Input of the begining angle relative to the polar centre
4. Positioning of the first entity relative to the polar centre
5. Specification of radial distance from the polar centre and between rows.
How to proceed:
As a first step an entity must be identified:
Identify entity !
(A group of entities in a window can, as a first step, be identified instead, in which case the above
prompt will not appear)
After a single entity or a group of entities have been identified, a reference point must be entered,
which serves to determine the translocation distance to the polar centre to be defined in the step
after next:
Now a point must be entered to define the origin of a local polar centre within the universal coordi-
nate system. In the upper dialogue line the following prompt appears:
Enter origin of polar centre !
The entered point establishes a polar centre, i.e. the centre of a rotation axis, around which the
copies of the identified entity will be arranged. The axis of rotation may be positioned at an angle
towards the positive X-axis of the universal coordinates system. Upon the request:
Enter angle to the positive X-axis (0 ... +360) !
the starting angle must be entered alphanumerically to the mask next to the prompt. Starting from
the centre, the angle will be displayed in the colour of the auxiliary layer.
With the entity and its position relative to the local reference system defined, the number of con-
centric rows must then be specified:
Enter the number of concentric rows !
As a rule the number will be One, this specification can be acknowledged with the <F1> key. Next
the number of entities per circle must be entered:
Enter number of angle increments !
Further input data are: the distance between copied entities within a row, as well as the angle in-
crement on the circle. The appropriate prompt will appear in the upper dialogue line:
- 125 -
MTS Design Menu
Enter radial distance !
and, in the case that the number of concentrical rows is greater than One, a further request for par-
tition on the circle will appear in the lower dialogue line.:
Enter angle increment !
The function will be cancelled when the number of concentrical rows or the angle increment equal
zero.
With all entries valid, the copies of the original entity will be displayed, arranged in rows around the
polar centre. The polar centre as well as the first axis of the local reference system are deleted from
the screen. The original entity is displayed in the applicable colour of the layer.
If a window has been selected, all entities grouped will be multiplied.
The copying of dimensionings is dependent on the state of the "DimCopy" switch (Cf. Windows
Menu, page 156).
Diagram: Rotational multiple copies of a contour
- 126 -
MTS Design Menu
8.3 Generation of Contours by Selecting Entities (Contour Tracing)
Trace Cont. Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
Del. Last. Additional Function
With the help of these functions a contour string can be generated simply by identifying certain sin-
gle entities (so-called base entities). Valid base entities are:
- straight lines,
- circular arcs,
- circles,
- and polygons
Intersection points will be computed automatically; the already generated part of the contour string
remains highlighted in colour until the input procedure is terminated.
As a first step after invocation of this function the beginning point of the contour string to be gener-
ated must be defined. The user will be prompted:
Enter contour beginning point !
The beginning point must be situated on a base entity, it will be represented on the screen by an
axially parallel square. Depending on whether it is situated on an open or closed base entity, the
following two cases must be observed:
1st Case:
The beginning point is situated on an open base entity:
In this case the first entity of the contour has been already identified by entering the beginning point.
The entity will be highlighted, the user may proceed to identify further entities.
2nd Case:
The beginning point is situated on a closed base entity:
In this case it remains indetermined to which side of the beginning point the countour string shall be
directed. The user will be prompted:
Enter starting direction !
The first (closed) entity must then be identified to the "appropriate" side of the beginning point, be-
fore identifying further entities.
8.3.1 Elementanwahl ohne Trimmen

After the first contour entity has been succesfully identified, further input will be requested:
Identify entity, acknowledge with <F2> !
Subsequently the contour string can be generated by identifying the applicable base entities one
after the other.
Each time a new base entity is identified its point of intersection with the last selected base entity is
calculated; the section between the last end point of the string and the newly established intersec-
tion point will be adjoined as a new entity to the existing contour string and be highlighted in the
same colour.
- 127 -
MTS Design Menu
There are the following three possible cases in the determination of intersection points:
1st case:
There is no intersection:
This will be indicated by an error message, the last identified entity will be ignored.
2nd. case:
There is a single intersection point:
In this case the new entity can be identified at any of its points.
3rd. case:
There are several intersection points:
In this case the second entity should be selected at a point near to the desired intersection point.
When furthermore the second entity is closed, i.e a full circle or a closed polygon, it must also be
identified on the "appropiate" side of the desired intersection point.
Operating the <F2> key terminates the contour string generation. An input prompt will appear:
Enter contour end point ! ,
requesting the entry of a point which is to be the end point of the generated contour. This end point,
of course, must be situated on the last identified entity. Just as the beginning point, it will be marked
on the screen by an axially parallel square.
Should the last selected entity be identical with the first, the user may alternately generate a closed
contour string; in this case no contour end point is entered, but the beginning point is determined to
be the end point. The following input request will appear:
Close contour : <F1>, Enter end point : <F2> !
When <F1> is operated the beginning point will be made the end point; When <F2> is operated, an
end point must be entered.
At any point in the process of tracing a contour the last selection of an entity may be undone, and a
different entity be identified. This is possible only after activating the menu function
Del. Last
Whether the selection of an entity has been correct, is, in most cases, to be judged by the coloured
highlighting, i.e. after the selection of the next entity. It will therefore often be necessary to activate
the function "Del. Last" two times consecutively, in order to re-determine a "faulty" object, i.e. to
choose the correct identification point.
A contour string completely generated and highlighted in colour can then be either
- adopted by pressing <F1>.

or
- cancelled by pressing <F3>.
- 128 -
MTS Design Menu
The diagrams below serve to demonstrate the way in which the generation of a contour is depend-
ent on the points of identification on the base entities. In both examples a closed contour is gener-
ated:
- 129 -
MTS Design Menu
When two consecutively identified entities have more than one common intersection point, the
identification point of the first entity will only be considered in the further calculation, if this is a
closed entity (i.e. a full circle or a closed polygon).
The diagrams below serve to demonstrate this case:
As the circle is a closed entity, the position of its identification point (Point 2) will determine whether
the circle is traced clockwise or counterclockwise from A to C.
- 130 -
MTS Design Menu
When in the given example, the circle is replaced by an open entity, such as an arc, the position of
its identification point will be of no importance. In this case the direction of the contour tracing is
determined by the identification point of the following entity (Point 3), depending on whether its posi-
tion is closer to B or to C.:
- 131 -
MTS Design Menu
8.4 Copy Detail to Scale
Detail Copy Menu Function
This function serves to copy and scale up details of a drawing on the screen. Zooming-up of details
is especially convenient in dimensioning small objects.
To distinguish the zoomed-up parts of a drawing from the other entities, they are marked in the
display by an enclosing circle, which is referred to as "circular object window" in the following. The
entities to be copied are also marked in the drawing by an enclosing circle, to indicate the objects to
which the editing in the zoomed window refers. This circle is referred to in the following as the
"circular entity window".
The copying sequence and the definition of the scale can be determined according to the following
options:
a) The radius of the zoomed detail is relative to the entity window radius, i.e. the radius of
the object window can be modified.
b) The radius of the "circular entity window" is relative to the radius of the "circular object
window", i.e. the object window cannot be modified.
c) The scale factor for copying the selected entities in the entity window is entered nu-
merically.
With a) and b) the zoom factor can be edited later, e.g. to obtain a scaling-up according to a stan-
dard.
The circular entity window as well as the circular object window can be defined as desired; alter-
nately the user may decide to make circles already defined in the drawing into circular windows,
which is also a way of fixing an enlargement scale.
Furthermore it should be noted that the enlargement scale enters into the dimension figure when
entities in the zoomed detail are dimensioned. A common dimensioning of objects of different en-
largement scales is not possible. The design of objects to be scaled-up in the window should
therefore be completed prior to selecting the "Copy Detail" function. Additional designs in the detail
copy cannot be dimensioned (or the dimensioning is apt to be faulty). Dimensionings of the original
object will not be copied.
A sequence of interactive steps is required to create a detail copy. The different options, as listed
above, can be chosen by selecting different branches in the dialogue, which is controlled by the
<F1> and <F2> keys. If a step in the dialogue is cancelled, the function will be aborted.
Circular windows newly created are drawn in dashes and dots.
- 132 -
MTS Design Menu
In the following an overview of interactive steps and functions is given.
Branching decision: option (a) or (b).
Copying sequence: Select entity <F1> or select circular

object window <F2> !
Selected branch (a) : Select entity <F1>.
When this option is selected, subsequently the circle enclosing the selected entities must be de-
fined:
Enter <F1> or identify <F2> circular entity window !
Selected branch: Enter circular entity window <F1>.
Enter the centre of the circular window ! The centre point of the circular entity window
must be situated in such a manner that the cir-
cle to be drawn will contain all desired entities.
Enter a point on the circle ! By entering this point on the periphery, the ra-
dius of the circular window is defined.
Selected branch: Identify circular entity window <F2>.
Identify a circle ! The identified circle is made into a circular entity

window; it must contain or intersect entities.
Branching decision
Enter <F1> or identify circular object window <F2> !
Selected branch: Enter circular object window <F1>.
When this option is selected, subsequently the new location of the circle containing the selected
entities must be defined, which at the same time means defining a zoom factor for the detail copy :
Enter the centre of the circular window ! The point to be entered will be the centre of the
circular object window.
Enter a point on the circle ! By entering this point on the periphery the ra-
dius of the circular object window is defined,
which at the same time defines the enlargement
scale.
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MTS Design Menu
Selected branch: Identify circular object window <F2>.
Identify a circle! The identified circle is made into a circular ob-

ject window, which at the same time defines the
enlargement scale.
After this interactive definition, the zoom factor will be displayed in the upper dialogue line. It can be
overwritten in the output mask. Please note, that any correction will also modify the circular object
window.
Established zoom factor: <value>
Branching decision: option (b).
(b): Select circular object window <F2> !
Copying sequence: Select entity <F1> or select circular

object window <F2> !
The subsequent interactive steps are identical with the dialogue as described above, for option (a)
in the definition of a circular entity window. If option (b) is selected, the sequence of steps will be
reversed.
Example of a zoomed detail copy:
Selected branch: option (c): Enter zoom factor <F2> !
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MTS Design Menu
When this option is selected, subsequently the circle enclosing the selected entities must be de-
fined:
Enter <F1> or identify <F2> circular entity window !
Selected branch: Enter circular entity window <F1>.
Enter the centre of the circular window! The centre point of the circular entity window
must be situated in such a manner that the cir-
cle to be drawn will contain all desired entities.
Enter a point on the circle ! By entering this point on the periphery, the ra-
dius of the circular window is defined.
Selected branch: Identify circular entity window <F2>.
Identify a circle! The identified circle is made into a circular entity

window; it must contain or intersect entities.
Enter zoom factor ! The value entered defines the scaling-up of the
circular entity window. The zoomed-up detail will
be displayed as a cursor; its final location is
determined by the subsequent dialogue.
Enter the centre of the circular window! Setting the cursor at the desired point in the
drawing will determine the location of the cir-
cular object window. The interactive procedure
of copying the entities in the circular entity win-
dow to the object windows is thereby termi-
nated.
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MTS Design Menu
8.5 Generate Offset Curve
Offset Cve. Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
Offset CurveOffset curves are parallel curves, equidistant to the existing contours from which they
are generated. Two parameters must be specified:
- distance from the original contour

- filleting of corners (Yes/No).
When the filleting function is active contours will be created in a manner as with the "cutter radius
compensation". Corners without definite tangential transition will be "slurred". As a result of this
operation appropriate rounding arcs will be inserted at the corners.
Diagram: Offset curve without filleting / with filleting of corners
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MTS Design Menu
8.6 Trim Entity
Trim Menu Function
Trimming entities means lengthening or shortening of contours (trim entity) up to an end point on
another contour (target entity). Two entities must be identified, both of which can be modified so as
to have their end point on the respective other, depending on whether the "Trim one" or the "Trim
Two" function is operative. In the latter case both entities will be shortended resp. lengthended up to
their common intersection point. Only the following are valid trim entities:
- line,
- circle,
- arc and
- open contour string.
Only the first or last entities in open contour strings may be trimmed. Closed contour strings can
only be selected as target entities.
If an open or closed contour string is identified as a target entity, that single entity in the string which
is intersecting the identification point will be considered as the actual target entity in the trimming
procedure.
When trimming an entity, that part of the entity will be retained, which intersects the identification
point. The new end point of the trimmed entity results from the distance between the identification
point and the possible common intersection points of both entities. That intersection point which is
situated closer to the second identification point will be established as the new end point of both
entities.
8.6.1 Trimming of an Entity
Trim One Menu Function
As a first step the identification of an entity to be lengthened or shortened (the "trim entity") is re-
quested:
Identify trim entity !
Subsequently the second entity (the "target entity") must be identified, on which the end point of the
trimmed entity shall be situated:
Identify target entity !
After successful identification of the target entity, the trim entity will be modified
(lengthened/shortened) so as to meet the common intersection point. That part of the trimmed en-
tity is retained in the drawing, which has been selected; while the target entity remains unmodified.
With open contour strings only the first and the last entities of the string can be modified, provided
that they have been selected. Closed contour strings may not be modified, they can only be se-
lected as target entities.
The following diagrams serve to exemplify which part of an identified entity is retained in the draw-
ing, depending on the given case.
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MTS Design Menu
Diagram 1: Line as the trim entity, arc as the target entity
Diagram 2: Arc as the trim entity, contour string as the target entity
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MTS Design Menu
8.6.2 Trimming of Two Entities
Trim Two Menu Function
This function can be employed to prolong, resp. shorten two lines concurrently up to a common
point. Whether an entity will be shortened or prolonged is dependent on where the cursor has been
situated when selecting the entity.
The following two input prompts
Identify first trim entity !
and
Identify second trim entity !
request the identification of both entities to be trimmed. Subsequently the trimming function is car-
ried out, as shown in the diagrams below:
Diagram 1: Trim Two Lines
Diagram 2: Trim Two Arcs
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MTS Design Menu
Diagrams 3 - 6: Trim line and arc
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MTS Design Menu
Diagrams 7 - 10: Trim Line and Circle
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MTS Design Menu
Diagrams 11 - 12: Trim line and circle
Diagrams 13 - 14: Trim Two Circles
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MTS Design Menu
8.7 Divide Entity
Divide Once Menu Function
This function serves to divide open entities (such as lines, arcs, open contour strings or fitting
curves) into two parts.
Divide Twice Menu Function
This function can be employed to split closed as well as open entities at two points. Closed entities
will be divided into two parts, whereas dividing open entities at two points will effect the deletion of
the section between the two points.
A closed entity cannot be divided at its beginning or end point; at any attempt to do so will trigger an
accoustic alarm.
Except for the case of deleting a section from an open contour (by the "Divide Twice" function) di-
viding operations have no immediate visible effect on the displayed entity. They will become appar-
ent only later, e.g. when a split entity is to be moved.
8.7.1 Dividing an Entity at One Point
Divide Once Menu Function
When the function "Divide Once" has been activated the user will be prompted to select an entity:
Identify entity !
After the following prompt:
Enter dividing point !
the point must be determined, at which the entity shall be divided.
Example: Dividing an arc at the vertex.
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MTS Design Menu
8.7.2 Dividing an Entity at Two Points
Divide Twice Menu Function
When the function "Divide Twice" has been activated, the user will be prompted to select an entity:
Identify entity !
After identification, the input of both division points is required. The first subsequent prompt:
Enter first dividing point !
requires the input of the first point on the entity. The entered point will be marked in the display as a
small axially parallel square. The next prompt:
Enter second dividing point !
requires the input of a second point (different from the first) on the identified entity.
The system will now establish the division of the identified entity at both points. If the double splitting
applies to an open entity, the section between the division points is deleted from the entity.
Example 1: Dividing an open entity at two points
2nd Example: Dividing a closed contour at two points
Two entities are created, no part of the contour is deleted.
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MTS Design Menu
8.8 Quitting the Design Menu
By activating this function the main menu is invoked.
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MTS Design Menu
8.9 Invoking Design Menu 2

Selecting the function
Design 2
will make the functions of a further design menu available.
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Aux. / Cont. Layer switch
Ref. Pt. Switch for the function "Stretch"
Direction Switch for the function "Stretch"
Y-Axis Switch for the function "Stretch"
X-Axis Switch for the function "Stretch"
Stretch Lengthening or shortening of single entities or

groups of entities
Link Ent. Linking single entities to create a contour

string
Insert Point Inserting an intermediate point into an entity
Mark Points Marking beginning and end points of entities

in a contour string
Area Calculating the area enclosed by a contour
Design Invoking the Design Menu 1
Main Menu Invoking the Main Menu
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MTS Design Menu 2
8.10 Stretching Entities
Stretch Menu Function

Ref. Pt. Switch
Direction Switch
Y-Axis Switch
X-Axis Switch
Stretching means moving a part of an entity; a part being defined here as a geometric object which
does not contain all points of an entity.
When an entity (or, in fact, its edges) is stretched, its original form will be extended, resp. com-
pressed. This may have different effects on the graphic entities displayed: either a part is stretched
or the entire entity is relocated. The following survey shows the effects of stretching with different
types of entities:
Line stretching or relocation

Arc stretching or relocation
Circle moving only
Contour string stretching or relocation
Previous to applying the stretching function, data input is necessary to select entities contained in a
defined window on the graphic screen. In conjunction with this, the entities to be stretched must be
identified:
Identification of stretch entities:
Entities are identified within the defined window. Those entities which are confined by the window in
their entirety may only be relocated; entities intersected by the window frame will be stretched, if
these are lines, arcs or contour strings. Circles entered, whose centres must be situated within the
window, are treated in a special way: they will not be stretched, but only relocated .
When stretching lines, circular arcs and contour strings, it should be noted which of the coordinates,
resp. geometry data are subject to modification, namely:
When a line is stretched, that corner point which is situated within the window will be re-positioned.
When a circular arc is stretched, all points (beginning- end- and middle point), all angles (beginning
angle and end angle) as well as the radius of the arc may be subject to modification. Only the height
of the secant is retained, which is measured at the perpendicular bisector. This bisector is raised on
the straight line joining the end points of the arc, it equates the distance between the intersection
points of the bisector with both the joining line and the arc.
The stretching of a contour string may include the stretching of lines as well as of arcs. As long as
there is only one corner point of a contour string situated within the window, the modified data will
be according to these entities. Where two adjacent points, joined by an arc, are situated within the
window, a re-location will be effected, with the arc radius and the opening angle retained.
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MTS Design Menu 2
How to proceed:
When the function
Stretch
has been activated, a message concerning the mode of entity identification is displayed in the upper
dialogue line::
Selection of points in the window !
Concurrently in the lower dialogue line the user is requested to enter the first corner point of the
window:
Enter first corner point !
After definition of the first point, a further prompt will appear in the same dialogue line, requesting
the input of the second corner point of the selection window:
Enter second corner point !
This point must be diagonally opposed to the first, thus defining the height and width of the window.
While the cursor is moved to determine the second corner point of the window, an axially parallel
rectangular is displayed on the screen. This window will change in height and width according to the
cursor movement, the actual cursor position indicating the current window corner point. By press-
ing <F2> the end point can be localized, thus defining the window in the drawing. Entities contained
in the window can now be stretched; depending on their position they will be highlighted entirely or
partially.
When the selection of entities is completed, a prompt will appear in the upper dialogue line:
Enter dislocation !
The move can be established in different ways, depending on which of the additional functions:
Reference point
Direction
X-axis
Y-axis
has been previously activated.
The different options in defining a relocation are listed below, including the applicable active func-
tion (switch position). Additionally the messages appearing in the dialogue lines are specified, as
well as the required <user input>:
1. Enter reference point of relocation !

Enter end point of relocation !
2. Enter relocation in the X-direction !
3. Enter relocation in the Y-direction !
4. Identify orientation line !
Enter relocation !
5. Identify direction line !
Enter reference point of relocation !
Enter end point of relocation !
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MTS Design Menu 2
During the interactive input the relocation vector will be displayed as a straight line. When, to define
the direction, such a straight line is identified, its length will be indicated in the input field. Now the
user has a choice of either acknowledging this length (by pressing <F1>) or entering a different re-
location vector length. This may be helpful, e.g. when the double length is desired.
When the re-location has been successfully defined, the entities will be stretched, marked entities
will be displayed at their new positions and in the applicable contour colour.
Some examples of stretching are shown in the following diagrams.
Example: Stretching with the switch "Y -axis" operative
Example: Stretching with the switches "reference pt." and "direction" operative".
Example: Stretching with the switch "X -axis" operative
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MTS Design Menu 2
Example: Stretching of a circular arc
Example: Stretching a line <L> by 12 units along the X-axis
Example: Stretching a shaft with a slot
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MTS Design Menu 2
8.11 Link Single Entities to Create a Contour String
Link Ent. Menu Function

Aux. / Cont. Switch
Single entities or existing contours can be linked to form a contour string. This is effected by se-
lecting and identifying entities which have a common end point and adjoin them to the contour string
generated so far. Only the following entities/contours may be linked:
- line,
- circle,
- circular arc and
- open contour string.
The procedure is terminated by pressing the <F2> key.
If two selected contour entities do not touch or intersect, the function will be aborted. The contour
string, as generated so far, will be retained. This function does not apply to closed contours.
8.12 Insert an Intermediate Point Into an Entity
Insert Point Menu Function
This function serves to insert additional points into a contour entity. A point to be inserted must be
positioned on the applicable entity, any position is permissive except those already occupied by a
contour point. In this case a corresponding error message will appear during the input procedure.
Contour entities which have two end points, such as lines and arcs, will be transformed into a con-
tour string; a full circle will be transformed into a circular arc of 360 degrees.
Interactive steps:
Identify entity !
Enter point !
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MTS Design Menu 2
8.13 Mark Entity Points in the Display
Mark Points Menu Function
When this function is active, the beginning- and end points of entities will be marked in the display
by small squares.
The centres of circular contours will be marked by a small axially parallel cross. When the screen is
reinstated, these indication marks will be deleted.
Example: Marked entities.
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MTS Design Menu 2
8.14 Calculating an Area
Area Menu Function
This function serves to work out and indicate the area of a closed entity. Calculation of an area is
recommended only when its edge contours are closed and do not intersect internally. The function
applies only to the following graphic entities:
- circle and
- contour string.
The established area will be indicated in the units, which have been preset, i.e. when one INCAD-
unit equals one millimetre the area will be indicated in square millimetres.
After selection of this function a request for entry of a closed entity will appear in the upper dialogue
line:
Identify closed entity !
The selected entity must be identified, upon which its area will be indicated in the lower dialogue
line, where also the next step is specified, by which the area indication mode can be quitted:
Area: 1234.567 Press <F1> to continue !
This message will disappear after the <F1> key has been operated.
Example: Area calculation of a complex object
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MTS Design Menu 2
8.15 Quitting the Design Menu 2
Design Menu Function

By activating the function:
Design
the original Design Menu is invoked. Selecting the menu item:
Main Menu
serves to quit the design menus.
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MTS Edit Menu
9. Edit Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Cop. / Move Switch for generating a copy or moving an

entity
Win. / Ent. Switch for manipulation of a window or a

single entity
Def. Win. Define Window
Copy Dim. Switch for copying the dimensioning
Switch Layer Move an entity to a different layer
Ungr.Sym. Ungroup a symbol
Ungr.Text Ungroup text
Delete Delete entity
Mirror Mirror entity relative to the reference axis
Ref. Sys. Define reference system for rotating and

scaling
Rotate Rotate entity relative to the reference system
Scale Scale entity relative to the reference system
Move Move entity
IsoTrans Isometric transformation
SimTrans Similarity transformation
Redraw Reinstate screen
Edit Fit.Cve. Invoke the menu for manipulation of Fitting

Curves
Attrib.Menu Invoke the attributes menu
Main Menu Invoke the main menu
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MTS Edit Menu
This menu contains a variety of functions which serve to
- edit attributes of entities

- re-locate entities by geometric manipulation, while retaining their shape.
- delete single entities or a group of entities in a window
- manipulate fitting curves.
9.1 Copy Entities
Cop. / Move Switch
Copies of entities or windows can be created while the switch position "Cop." is operative. Only one
copy at a time will be created. When the switch position "Move." is operative the entity will be
moved (rotated, shifted) but no copies can be made.
9.2 Define the Mode of Copying Dimensionings
Copy Dim.: < OFF| INT| EXT > Switch
The setting of the switch "Copy Dim" determines the effect of the operations:
- transformations including copying

- undoing of modifications (<F4>-key)
on the dimensioning frameworks attached to INCAD-objects (see page 185).
Each selection of the menu item "Dim. Copy" switches to the following mode, as displayed next to
the menu field:
< OFF| INT| EXT |OFF >.
"Internal" and "external" dimensioning can be explained as follows :
If all points of a dimensioning framework are part of the objects to be copied, this will be considered
as internal dimensioning.
If a dimensioning framework has at least one point situated on an object to be copied, as well as at
least one point not to be copied, this will be considered as external dimensioning.
When, in the "Point Dimensioning" menu, "BasLi = EXT" (Base Line) is the operative switch posi-
tion, all points on the base line are part of the dimensioning framework. It follows that these points
have to be accounted for with the "internal" or "external" dimensioning.
The "Copy Dim." switch is interactive with the "Copy / Move" switch.
When "Cop." is the active switch state, undoing an operation by pressing <F4> will have no effect
on the dimensioning:
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MTS Edit Menu
Copy Dim.: OFF

When the switch is set to this position, the following message appears in the dialogue line:
Dimensionings will not be copied !
Switch Position Copy (Copy) Switch Position Move.(Move)

With operations which include copying, the The dimensioning is attributed to the re-located
dimensions are not attributed to copy of the object. When operations are undone (<F4>-key),
object, but will remain with the original object. the dimensioning will be lost.
Copy Dim.: INT
When the switch is set to this position, the following message appears in the dialogue line:
Only internal dimensionings will be copied !
Switch Position Cop (Copy) Switch Position Move (Move)

Only those dimensionings will be retained in the The dimensioning will be copied with the object
copying, which relate to points included in the to which it is atttached. When the <F4>-key is
total of objects to be copied. operated to undo the editing, only the internal
dimensionings can be regenerated.
Copy Dim : EXT
When the switch is set to this position, the following message appearsin the dialogue line:
External dimensionings will be copied !
Switch Position Cop (Copy) Switch Position Move

All dimensionings will be copied, including those Dimensionings attached to a re-located object
which relate to points outside the group of copied will be retained. By operating <F4> the original
objects. dimensioning can be completely regenerated.
Please note
- that storage requirement as well as execution time will be increasing according to the
sequence of activating
Copy Dim OFF -> Copy Dim INT -> Copy Dim EXT
and further
- that the display of dimensioning frameworks will only be updated after a reinstation of
the screen.
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MTS Edit Menu
Example 1: Switch position "Move" (Move)
The example shown below consists of three diagrams in each of which two straight lines and one
rectangular are displayed.
Objects have been dimensioned in the "point di-

mensioning" mode with the base line switch set to
the "BasLi = Vert" position, to the effect that only
points P1, P2 and P3 must be considered for inter-
nal and external dimensioning.
The function "Def. Win." (marked as a dotted square in the diagrams below) from the edit menu has
been employed to move both straight lines at the same time. Subsequent to this operation the
screen has been reinstated to display the actual dimensioning. The dimensioning "20", resulting
from points P1 and P2, is an internal dimensioning; the dimensioning "40" is an external dimen-
sioning, because P 3 is not situated within the window.
The operation in this diagram can be effected with

the "Dim. Copy" switch set to either "OFF","INT" or
"EXT".
Diagrams with example No.1: Moving with the switch set to "Move".
The result of the movings will be identical, no matter which of the three switch positions has been
operative; the setting of the switch will, however, determine the performance of the system when
the <F4> key is pressed to undo an operation:
When the switch is set to "OFF" the dimensioning will be completely removed. When the switch is
set to "INT" only the internal dimensioning "20" will be regenerated. With the switch set to "EXT" the
dimensioning will be completely regenerated.
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MTS Edit Menu
Example 2: Switch position "Copy" (Copying)
The basic constellation is as in example No.1. All three partial drawings will be moved when the
switch is set to "Copy"
Result of a copying operation with the "DimCopy"

switch set to "OFF"
"DimCopy:INT"
"DimCopy:EXT"
Diagrams with example No.2: Moving with the switch set to "Copy".
When the switch is set to "OFF", the dimensioning will not be copied. The dimensionings "20" and
"40" remain attributed to the original object.
When the switch is set to "INT" the dimensioning "20" is copied to the new object, because both
points dimensioned are located on objects to be copied. The dimensioning "40" is not copied, be-
cause one of the applicable points is not situated on an object to be copied.
With the switch set to "EXT" the dimensioning "40" is copied as well.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.3 Switch Layer
Switch Layer Menu Function
This function serves to allocate single entities or entities grouped in a window to a different layer.
When this function is activated, the following prompt appears:
Identify entity !
After identification of the entity to be allocated to a different layer, the layer selection menu is dis-
played. The layer, to which the entity shall be allocated, must be selected on the menu bar:
Select layer !
After a layer has been selected, the system will return to the edit menu. Redrawing the screen may
become necessary, e.g. when entities have been shifted to invisible layers.
When entities of an active layer, which have been grouped in a window, are shifted to an invisible
layer, they will at the same time be removed from the window. Please note, that re-activating the
applicable layer will not put the entities back into the window !
9.5 Ungroup Symbol
Ungr. Sym. Menu Function
To edit single entities which have been made part of a geometric macro, this symbol can be un-
grouped.
Identify entity ! ,
The symbol to be ungrouped must be identified; it will be highlighted on the screen, and (after an
interval of approx. one second) it will be re-drawn with all the entities ungrouped, from which it was
made up.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.5 Ungroup Text
Ungr. Text Menu Function
To edit parts of of text, the text macro can be ungrouped.
Identify entity ! ,
The text macro to be ungrouped must be identified; it will be highlighted on the screen, and (after an
interval of approx. one second) it will be re-drawn with all its constituents ungrouped
Please note that the menu function "Text Attr." (Text Attributes) cannot be applied to ungrouped text
macros.
9.6 Deleting an Entity
The function "Delete" equally applies to symbols, single entities or a number of entities grouped in a
window. A selected entity can either be deleted by operating the <F1> key or retained by operating
the <F3> key. As to deleting entities in a window, there is the option of either deleting all entities
contained therein (by operating the <F2> key) or deleting single entities (by selecting an entity and
then operating the <F1> key).
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MTS Edit Menu
9.7 Geometric Manipulation
Move Menu Function

Scale Menu Function
Rotate Menu Function
Mirror Menu Function
Ref. Sys. Menu Function
Cop. Move Switch
Win. Ent. Switch
Def. Win. Menu Function
The INCAD system features drawing aids which will facilitate the design process, in particular
- Scaling,
- Moving,
- Rotating,
- Mirroring and
- Copying
of an entity, a symbol or a window previously defined. Single objects as well as a number of objects,
which have been grouped in a window, can be subject to these geometric manipulations. Whether
the original object is deleted or retained will be dependent on the setting of the switch
Copy / Move.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.7.1 Moving an Entity
Move Menu function

Copy/Move Switch
Win./Ent. Switch
An entity is moved (re-located) relative to an optional point.
Moving means re-locating, not copying. After an entity to be moved has been selected, a re-location
vector is established from the reference point and the target point of the re-location. The reference
point must not necessarily be situated on the the selected entity.
The moving of entities grouped in a window is effected in the same manner.
Diagram: Moving an entity without copying
9.7.2 Defining a Reference System
An optional axially parallel reference system can be defined to which the scaling, rotating and mir-
roring will relate.
When the system is activated the origin of the reference system is set to x = 0 , y = 0.
By entering a point (absolute or relative) with the help of the cursor, a new reference point is de-
fined. An "elastic line" will extend to this point from the previous origin of the reference system.
The new reference point is marked on the screen by a small cross; this marking will be retained
while screen functions are activated.
The reference system serves only as a local coordinates system for geometric manipulation and
has no effect on other functions.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.7.3 Scaling of an Entity
Scale Menu Function

Cop. Move. Switch
Win. Ent. Switch
Entities can be scaled up or down, according to the scaling factor specified.
Scaling of the selected entity will be relative to the defined reference system.
1st Example: Input: Scaling factor = 1.5
The origin of the reference system is on the circle centre.
2nd Example: Input: Scaling factor = 1.5
The origin of the reference system is below left of the circle.
As becomes clear from the last example, when the scaling factor is increased, the object will be
moved away from the reference origin. Conversely the object will be moved closer to the reference
origin when the scaling factor is decreased.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.7.4 Rotating an Entity
Rotate Menu Function

Cop. Move. Switch
Win. Ent. Switch
To rotate an entity, an angle must be determined, which is effected by either
- positioning the cursor or

- input of a value
1st Example:
Angle input by cursor position; the rotation angle is relative to the positive x-axis.
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MTS Edit Menu
2nd Example:
The entity will be rotated counter-clockwise.
3rd Example:
The entity will be rotated clockwise (with an angle w) which is equivalent to a counter-clockwise
rotation of 360 degrees - minus the entered angle.
Entering numerical angle values:.
In most cases the rotation angle is entered in numerical values. Relative values as well as absolute
values can be entered.
The entity to be rotated must be identified first; upon identification an elastic line will be displayed
which connects the reference point with the current cursor position, and which serves to check on
the defined rotation angle as well as to specify the sense of rotation (positive / negative).
4th Example:
Input of an angle of 30° by entering absolute coordinates; rotation by the entered angle.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.7.5 Mirroring an Entity
Mirror Menu Function

Cop. Move. Switch
Win. Ent. Switch
To mirror an entity, a so-called "mirror axis", intersecting the origin of the reference system, must be
defined. This mirror axis will be represented on the display screen as an >elastic line< ("rubber
band") connecting the reference point and the current cursor position.
Analogous to the rotation function the mirror axis can be determined by either setting a point or by
entering the direction.
1st Example:
Mirroring an entity relative to a mirror axis entered by cursor position
Defining the mirror axis by numerical value entry:
The axis position can be defined either absolute (relating to the the positive x-axis of the reference
system) or relative to the identified entity.
2nd Example:
Mirroring an entity relative to a mirror axis defined by input of absolute angle values
ang = 75°; "ang" denoting the angle relative to the positive x-axis.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.8 Isometric Transformation
IsoTrans Menu Function
This function combines the functions "Rotate" and "Move": it serves to concurrently move and rotate
single entities or groups of entities in a window.
As a first step in effecting this transformation, two straight lines must be defined, which will be inter-
preted as the horizontal axes of two reference systems. The system will compute a transformation
of the first line into the second line.
This transformation is then applied to the entity to be modified, in such a manner that the position of
the original entity relative to the first reference system is the same as the position of the trans-
formed entity relative to the second reference system.
After the function has been activated, the following input request will appear in the first dialogue line:
Identify entity !
The entity must be identified which shall be subject to isometrical transformation.
Upon the following two prompts
Enter beginning point of the reference line !
and
Enter end point of the reference line !
The input of two points to define the first reference line is requested. The input of points subse-
quently requested, by the two prompts
Enter beginning point of the target line !
and
Enter end point of the target line !
serves to define the second reference line.
Example: Isometric Transformation; the dimensions of the screw remain unchanged.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.9 Similarity Transformation
SimTrans Menu Function
As the above described function "IsoTrans", this function combines available INCAD functions,
namely the following three:
- Rotating,
- Moving and
- Scaling.
The function "IsoTrans" effects a transfomation of entities with respect to their position (in the x,y
plane), while their dimensions remain unchanged. The "SimTrans" function offers the additional
feature of adapting an entity to a desired size. E.g. this may serve to move a screw into a through-
hole while adjusting the screw diameter to the hole diameter. To effect this, the screw, in its entirety,
is scaled accordingly.
Example: Similarity transformation; the size of the screw is transformed accordingly.
The interactive dialogue must be transacted as described above with the "Iso Trans" function. After
identifying the entity to be transformed, two straight lines must be defined by entering the applicable
points: a reference line and a target line. The scaling factor will then be established by the system
from the ratio of the lengths of the two lines.
9.10 Reinstate Screen
Redraw Menu Function
This function only affects the screen display.
In the case that geometric manipulation and design operations have rendered the screen display of
entities unclear, the screen may be reinstated by selecting the "Redraw" function.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.11 Editing a Fitting Curve
Edit Fit. Menu Function
To edit a Fitting Curve the menu item "Edit Fitting Curve" in the Edit Menu must be activated. A
submenu will be displayed, containing the following functions:
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Select Fit. Selecting a fitting curve
Move Point Moving a point
Insert Point Inserting a Point
Delete Point Deleting a Point
Edit Tangent Editing a Tangent
Gen. Corner Generating a Corner
Close Fit. Closing a fitting curve
Edit Menu Invoking the Edit Menu
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MTS Edit Menu
The menu item "Fit. Sel." is the default activated function of this menu. Accordingly the prompt
Identify entity !
will appear. A fitting-curve must then be identified which shall be subject to the subsequent editing.
The points defining the identified fitting-curve will be highlighted in the screen representation; sub-
sequently one of the editing functions described in the following can be invoked.
9.11.1 Selecting a Fitting-curve
Fit. Sel. Menu Function
This menu item serves to select a new (fitting) curve, thereby cancelling the current editing of a
(fitting) curve. When the selection of a curve has been successfully completed, the points defining
this curve will be indicated in the screen display.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.11.2 Moving a Point of a Fitting-curve
Move Pt. Menu Function
This menu function serves to move (re-locate) a curve point.
Upon selection of this menu item the following input prompt will appear:
Identify the point to be edited ! .
To identify the point to be moved the curve must be identified once again - close to the position of
the applicable point. Sections before and behind the point will then be highlighted in colour.
After this a prompt will appear:
Enter new point, acknowledge with <F2> !.
Via the tablet or the keyboard a correction point can now be entered, which will replace the previ-
ously identified point and determine the new course of the curve. The newly generated curve sec-
tion will be highlighted in colour to set it off against the remaining curve.
This procedure of entering a correction point can be repeated over and again, until the resulting
course of the curve meets the user’s requirements, upon which the procedure of moving a point is
terminated by pressing the <F2> key. The last point entered will be adopted to replace the original
point.
Example: Move Point
Please note:
The editing procedure can be cancelled at any time by operating the <F3> key or selecting one of
the items on the menu bar. This might especially be useful when there has been an error in identi-
fying a point.
If the editing procedure is cancelled during the input of a correction point, the editing, as already
displayed in the coloured highlighting, will not be adopted; the system will revert to the original state.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.11.3 Inserting a Point into a Fitting-curve
Ins. Pt. Menu Function
This menu function serves to insert a new point between two existing points of a curve.
Upon selection of this menu item the following input prompt will appear:
Identify the desired section !
This identification is effected by re-identifying the section of the curve between the applicable two
points, which section will then be highlighted in colour.
After this an input request will appear:
Enter new point, acknowledge with <F2> !.
upon which a new point can be entered.
As with the function described in the previous paragraph, this input procedure can be repeated over
and again and finally be terminated by either pressing the <F2> key (to adopt the current result) or
by pressing the <F3> (to ignore the result).
Example: Inserting a Point
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MTS Edit Menu
9.11.4 Deleting a Point From a Fitting-curve
Del. Pt. Menu Function
This menu function serves to delete a point on a curve.
Identification of the point to be deleted is analogous to the procedure described above in 9.7.2; after
this the deletion must be acknowledged by pressing <F1>
Example: Deleting a Point
If a curve consists of only three points, no point may be deleted.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.11.5 Editing a Tangent
Edit Tang. Menu Function
This menu function serves to edit the curve gradient or to delete a corner at the identified curve
point.
Identification of the point to be deleted is analogous to the procedure described above in 9.7.2. On
the screen the cursor is connected with the identified point on the curve by an "elastic line" (rubber
band); the following prompt will appear:
Enter new gradient, acknowledge by <F2> ! .
If now the actual cursor position is adopted as a point entry by operating the <F1> key, the straight
line extending from the actual point on the curve to the cursor position (as represented by the
"elastic line") will determine the direction of the newly generated tangent, its orientation depending
on the sense of travelling of the curve.
As mentioned above, this input procedure can be repeated over and again and finally be terminated
by either pressing the <F2> key (to adopt the current result) or by pressing the <F3> (to cancel the
procedure).
After the adoption of a new tangent an eventual corner, having been part of the curve at the appli-
cable curve point prior to the editing of the tangent direction, will be removed. This is a convenient
way to remove corners no longer desired.
Example: Edit tangent
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MTS Edit Menu
9.11.6 Generating a Corner
Gen. Corn. Menu Function
This menu function serves to generate a corner at any point on the curve, as well as to edit an ex-
isting corner.
As a first step the point must be identified at which a corner shall be generated or edited. Upon the
input prompt:
Identify the applicable point !
a section of the curve before or behind this point must be identified, which will then be highlighted in
colour. A further input prompt will appear:
Enter the new gradient, terminate with <F2> !
and in the screen display an "elastic line" will appear, connecting the actual curve point with the
current cursor position. This serves to represent the rise of the new "corner tangent" generated at
this point on the curve; its orientation again being determined by the sense of travelling of the curve.
As mentioned above this editing procedure can be repeated over and again until it is finally termi-
nated by either pressing the <F2> key (to adopt the current result) or by pressing the <F3> key (to
cancel the procedure).
Example: Generate a Corner
To generate at a point on the curve, or a corner with a predefined opening angle, the input proce-
dure, as described with this menu item, must be executed twice:
- once, concerning the curve section before the applicable point

- and once again, concerning the curve section behind the applicable point.
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MTS Edit Menu
9.11.7 Closing a Fitting-curve
Close Fit. Menu Function
When this menu item is selected the following input request will appear:
Close <F2> Do not close <F1> ! .
Striking the <F2> key will effect the closing of an open fitting-contour string in a way that a curve
section (not including corners) will be inserted between the first and the last point of the curve.
This function does not apply to closed contours.
Example: Closing a Fitting-curve
9.11.8 Quitting the Menu "Edit Fitting-curve"
When this menu item is selected the Edit Menu will be invoked.
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MTS Attributes Menu
9.12 Attributes Menu

The functions of this menu may be applied either to single entities or to entities grouped in a win-
dow.
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Win. Ent. Switching between manipulation of a window

or a single entity
Def. Win. Define a new windows
Line Type Edit the line type of an entity
Line thickness Edit the line thickness of an entity
Colour Edit the screen colour of an entity
Font Attr. Edit the font attributes of a text
Hatch Scale Scaling the hatch pattern of an entity
Hatch Patt. Editing the hatch pattern of an entity
Hatch Param. Editing the hatching parameters of an entity
Hatch Layer Assign a hatching to a different layer
Cont. Type Edit the contour type of an entity
Redraw Reinstate the screen
Edit Menu Quit the attributes menu
Main Menu Quit the Edit Menu
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MTS Attributes Menu
9.12.0 Zusätze erzeugen, anzeigen und löschen
Zusatzerzeug Menu Function

ZusatzAnzeig Menu Function
Mit Hilfe dieser Funktion läßt sich ein Textzusatz zu einem Element erzeugen, anzeigen oder lö-
schen.
Nach dem Identifizieren eines Elements erscheint wird beim Erzeugen - abhängig vom ausgewähl-
ten Elemente - ob der Zusatz zur Kontur <F1> oder zum Polygon <F2> zugewiesen sein soll. An-
schließend erfolgt die Eingabeaufforderung zur Texteingabe (Erzeugen):
Text: ________________
Bei der Anzeige eines Textzusatzes wird hingegen der Text ausgegeben mit der weiteren Angabe:
Kontur/Polygon Zusatz Text, Loeschen mit <F2>
Mit der Funktionstaste <F2> können Sie daraufhin den Zusatz wieder löschen.
9.12.1 Edit Line Type
Line Type Menu Function
A line type is assigned to each type of contour, by activating the function "Line Type" these assigna-
tions can be edited.
There is a choice of eight line types:
1: solid
2: small dashes
3: dotted
4: big dashes - dots
5: big dashes - double dots
6: big dashes
7: big dashes- small dashes
8: big dashes- small double dashes
The selection is effected with the cursor keys "Arrow Left" or "Arrow Right".
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MTS Attributes Menu
9.12.2 Edit Line thickness
Line thickness Menu Function
This function serves to assign a different line thickness to an entity.
Upon identification of an entity the following prompts will appear in the dialogue lines:
Operate left and right arrow key to select a line thick-

ness !
The current line thickness of the selected entity is indicated:
Line thickness : 2 1.000 .
According to the movements of the mouse (resp. the puck) or the operation of the cursor keys
(Left/Right), optional new line widths will be displayed alphanumerically in the second dialogue line.
First the selected line thickness number is indicated, the second value indicates the actual pen
stroke (in mm) of that line thickness. By operating the <F1> key the selected line thickness is ac-
knowledged.
To assign a different pen stroke to any of the available sixteen line widths, the menu item "Line
thickness" of the Entity Menu must be invoked.
9.12.3 Edit Colour
Colour Menu Function
Each contour has a colour assigned to it. In the editing there is a choice of fifteen colours; when the
standard configuration is operative, these will be the following:
1: white,
2: yellow,
3: light-green,
4: light-blue,
5: cyan (light),
6: brown,
7: blue,
8: green,
9: cyan,
10: magenta,
11: light-red,
12: light-grey,
13: dark-grey,
14: red (for auxiliary contour layer),
15: Magenta (light).
After identification of an entity a change of colour can be effected either by selecting one of the
colour fields displayed on the upper margin of the menu bar or by entering the applicable colour
number on the keyboard. Of the fifteen colours listed above, only twelve can be graphically se-
lected.
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MTS Attributes Menu
9.12.4 Edit Font Type
Font Attr. Menu Function

This function serves to edit the character font attributes of text. All attributes, such as height of text,
width of text, inclination of text (angle), font type and the alphanumerical text itself are subject to
editing.
For display, as well as editing of entered text, the following six character fonts are available:
1: European
2: Simplex
3: Triplex
4: Script
5: Special characters font
6: Gothic.
Example: Available fonts
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MTS Attributes Menu
9.12.5 Scaling the Hatching Pattern
Hatch Scale Menu Function
This function can be employed to scale the hatch pattern of an entity up or down, while retaining its
inherent structure.
After identifying a hatched entity, the applicable value must be entered on the alphanumerical key-
board, to determine the scaling factor.
9.12.6 Edit Hatching Pattern
Hatch Patt. Menu Function
This function serves to edit the hatching pattern assigned to an entity. Available patterns are the
standard hatching (Hatch No. = 0) as well as all other patterns previously defined ( Hatch Nos. > 0)
After identifying a hatched entity, a new pattern is selected by entering the applicable value on the
keyboard.
9.12.7 Edit Hatching Parameters
Hatch Param. Menu Function
Each hatching pattern assigned to an INCAD contour (circle, rectangular or contour string) consists
of the hatching name and an optional number of so-called basic hatchings. A basic hatching is a
pattern of lines determined by the following parameters:
Space : Space between hatch lines

Angle : Angle of hatch lines inclination
Colour : Colour of hatch lines
Line type : Line type
Line thickness : Line thickness
Base point : Pattern reference point of the selected line type
Drawn Li. : Number of lines drawn per sequence (before skipping a line)
Hidden Li. : Number of hidden lines per sequence
The current attributes of each basic hatching of the actual pattern will be listed one after the other in
the dialogue lines. They may then be either edited or acknowledged.
Editing the hatching parameters of an entity has only a temporary effect, inasmuch as the edited
hatching pattern will be removed from the list of available patterns if that pattern is cancelled or the
entity itself is deleted. To adopt (i.e. create) a hatching pattern to be permanently available with a
drawing, the functions of the "Hatching Menu" must be invoked.
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MTS Attributes Menu
9.12.8 Edit Hatching Layer
Hatch Layer Menu Function
This function can be employed to assign the hatching of an entity (or of entities grouped in an win-
dow) to a different layer.
After activating the function, the following input request will appear:
Identify entity ! ,
The entity must be identified, whose hatching shall be assigned to a different contour layer. The
"Layer Selection Menu" will be displayed, and the desired layer can be selected on the menu bar:
Select layer !
After a layer has been selected the system will return to the "Attributes Menu". It may be recom-
mendable to effect a screen reinstatement, e.g. if hatchings have been shifted to an "invisible" layer.
9.12.9 Edit the Type of Contour
Cont. Type Menu Function
This menu function serves to alternately define a contour to be an auxiliary contour or define an
auxiliary contour to be a contour. After the menu function "Cont. Type" has been activated, an entity
is to be selected. By operating the <F1> key, the editing is acknowledged.
Auxiliary contours will be displayed in the configurated colour.
9.12.10 Quitting the Attributes Menu
When this menu item is selected, the Edit Menu will be invoked.
9.13 Quitting the Edit Menu

When this menu item is selected the Main Menu will be invoked.
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MTS Dimensioning
10. Dimensioning
10.1 Preliminary Remarks

The INCAD system permits a dimensioning which satisfies all relevant requirements specified in
Parts 1 and 2 of German Standard DIN 406.
Dimensioning is object oriented, i.e. with each transformation of an object its dimensioning will be
appropiately edited (associative dimensioning).
INCAD allows the dimensioning of stored points, line corner points, circular arcs, contour strings
and circle centres as well as centres of circular arcs.
The dimensioning consists of straight lines, circular arcs, and text. Manipulation or deletion of di-
mensioning elements can not be effected by the functions on the edit menu; it therefore requires
separate menu items.
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MTS Dimensioning
10.1.1 Definition of Terms

For better comprehension a number of terms are defined in the following:
Dimensioning Framework
An entirety of dimension lines, projection lines, demarcation signs and dimensioning text, relating to
a common object, is called a dimensioning framework. An individual framework allows the dimen-
sioning of up to four contour points, its actual shape will be dependent on the applicable point coor-
dinates.
Diagram: Dimensioning frameworks of a point dimensioning and an angle dimensioning.
Dimension Lines
Straight lines or arcs, equidistant (i.e. parallel or concentric) to the dimensioned object, which are
part of the dimensioning framework, are called dimension lines.
The projection (point) of dimension lines is either defined automatically or must be entered by the
user ("QPoint").
Projection Lines
The straight lines drawn out from the dimensioned object to the dimension lines are called projec-
tion lines.
According to German Standard DIN 406 these lines should have their starting point on the object.
With INCAD different projections are also permissive.
Demarcation of Dimension Lines

The beginning- and end point of a dimension line are indicated by demarcation signs.
The demarcation of a dimension line is the intersection point of the dimension line with the auxiliary
line. As a rule the demarcation is indicated by oriented arrows. The diagram below gives a survey of
the different types of demarcation signs available.
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MTS Dimensioning
Diagram: Each demarcation sign ends (or is centred) on the intersection of auxiliary imension
line and dimenisioning line. The diagram shows all ten available emarcation signs.
According to German Standard DIN 406 only one type of demarcation sign should be employed
with each drawing.
There are three different ways to define the orientation of the demarcation signs
("Automatic Arrowhead Orientation"):
- The orientation is made dependent on the length of the dimension line.
If the length of the dimension line falls short of a defined parameter (namely the global variable
"Critical Distance"), the arrowheads will be orientated inwards, otherwise they will be orientated
outwards.
- mandatory inwards orientation

- mandatory outwards orientation
Orientation of demarcation signs is independent of the lengths dimensioned.
Text Format
A statement defining the dimensioning text is called a text format. When the dimensioning is ex-
erted the dimensioning text will appear appropiately formatted.
Dimensioning Text
The legend applying to dimension lines is called a dimensioning text. It will be inserted as defined
by geometry and global parameters as well as by the text format.
Dimensioning Class
A number of parameters relevant to the dimensioning framework (such as colour and type of auxil-
iary lines, character font etc...) can be defined to form a so-called dimensioning class.
By editing the parameters of a class, all dimensioning frameworks which have been assigned to this
class, can be edited simultaneously. This may serve to e.g. to edit the character font of all dimen-
sionings of the same class.
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MTS Dimensioning
10.1.2 Types of Dimensioning
Point Dimensioning
A dimension line between two points is called a point dimensioning.
Diagram: Point dimensioning
A concept of major importance in this context is the so-called "base line", which is a straight line,
onto which the distance between the points to be dimensioned is projected. The projected distance
will be the applicable dimension.
Choosing the right type of base line is of importance with moving operations. There are the follow-
ing four types of base lines:
- external base line, defined by two optional points in the INCAD system.
- base line parallel to the dimensioned distance
- horizontal base line
- vertical base line
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MTS Dimensioning
Diagram: Upper left : "BasLi extern" - The two points which have no visible connection with the
dimensioning framework make out the base line;
Upper right: "BasLi parallel" - the base line is identical with the distance between the
two dimensioned points;
Lower left: "BasLi horizontal",
Lower right : "BasLi vertical" (see page 211 for further examples).
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MTS Dimensioning
Radius Dimensioning
Radius dimensioning connects the centre of a circle or

circular arc with its periphery. It has only one demarca-
tion arrowhead (at the periphery).
Diameter Dimensioning
Diameter dimensioning connects two diametrically op-

posed points on a circle or arc. Both demarcation ar-
rowheads point to the periphery.
Angle Dimensioning
Dimensioning of an angle between its two sides, defined

by points, is called angle dimensioning.
Arc Dimensioning
Arc dimensioning will establish the arc length of a cir-

cular arc. Full circles cannot be dimensioned.
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MTS Dimensioning
10.1.3 Classes of Dimensionings

Dimensionings (frameworks) can be linked by common parameters, thus forming so-called dimen-
sioning classes. Applicable parameters are:
- colour and type of the dimension line.

- colour and type of the auxiliary dimension line
- text parameters:
character font
height, width and slant of text
pen size
default text parameters when creating a dimensioning framework.
Diagram: Different dimensioning classes in a point dimensioning.
All dimensionings displayed in the following diagram are of the "point dimensioning" type (as de-
fined in INCAD). Because of the rotational symmetry, all vertical dimensionings are diameter di-
mensionings.
Although we have a typical case of point-to-point dimensioning, it is recommendable to allocate the

displayed dimensioning framework to a diameter-class (here: ’D0’), which will link this dimensioning
to subsequently added arc dimensions (INCAD diameter dimensioning) of the ’D0’ class.
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MTS Dimensioning
In the diagram below two dimensionings are shown, both of which are testing dimensions.
As the text format of the testing dimensions is rather complex, ("^p_$>#2410.1>_|_100%_^p") it

seems convenient to assign both frameworks to the same class, although the dimensionings are of
different types (point-dimensioning and radius-dimensioning).
Denotation of Dimensioning Classes

Each dimensioning class is denotated by three ASCII-characters, in the following manner:
XYY
X = capital character
Y = alphanumerical character or special character (capitals only)
Example:
P0
P%3
WNK
Allocation of a framework to a class

Each dimensioning framework generated or manipulated will be allocated to a class.
If the applicable class is not yet or no longer available, a mandatory allocation to a basic class is
effected, which class is dependent on the applicable dimensioning types. Basic categories are per-
manently available; they can be manipulated, but not deleted.
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MTS Dimensioning
Table of Basic Classes
Point -Dim P0
Radius -Dim B0
Diam -Dim D0
Angle -Dim W0
Arc -Dim B0
Manip. -Class MM
The manipulation class ’MM’ is employed exclusively to select dimensioning frameworks (for dele-
tion and manipulation).
10.1.4 Dimensioning Parameters

The actual shape of the dimensioning framework will depend on the geometry of the dimensioned
object as well as on various parameters of different levels. When a framework is generated, certain
parameters are applied as defined by the user, others will be according to the default values.
10.1.5 Global Parameters

Global Parameters apply to every dimensioning framework. They can be edited after invoking the
parameters menu.
Editing of one of the parameters listed below will have an immediate effect on all of the dimension-
ing parameters.
- GlobalFactor Scaling factor affecting all lengths dimensionings.

- TextSize Factor affecting all dimensioning texts.
- TextFlag Suppression of dimensioning text display
- DimFlag Suppression of dimensioning display
- Critic.Dist. Inverse orientation of arrowheads
Diagram: Global parameters take effect on all dimensionings.

Upper row : Initial situation; subsequently ’TextFlag’ has been switched to ’OFF’; the fi-
nal drawing in the upper row is displayed with ’DimFlag’ set to the ’OFF’ position - no
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MTS Dimensioning
dimensions are displayed.

Lower row: GlobalFactor=2,TextSize=2,Critical Distance=200. From left to right: Dou-
ble size of he dimensioning text. 2nd. frame TextFlag=OFF, 3rd. frame DimFlag=OFF.
Global Parameters (Default Settings)

The presetting of the parameters listed below will determine the respective parameters in each
newly generated dimensioning. Editing global parameters therefore has no effect on already exist-
ing dimensionings.
- TextPos Position of the dimensioning text

- Arrow Type Type of demarcation sign
- Arrow Orient Orientation of demarcation sign
- ProLiStart Distance between the beginning of the projection line and
the point to be dimensioned.
- ProLiEnd Distance between the intersection of dimension line and
projection line and the end point of the projection line.
Diagram: "TextPos", "Arrowhead" und "ProLiStart" have been altered, to the effect that a differ-
ent framework resulted from the generation of the point dimensioning.
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MTS Dimensioning
Dimensioning Classes
Editable parameters of a dimensioning class are listed above (see page240:
Editing of these variables will affect all dimensionings which have been assigned to the respective
class; the editing will take effect instantly.
Dimensioning text format

Text formats are default parameters; editing will only take effect with subsequently generated di-
mensionings.
Diagram: Effect of dimensioning class parameters on the character font (font type 5), on font
parameters (inclination:15 degrees), type and colour of auxiliary lines and dimension lines.
Individual Parameters of a Dimensioning Framework

Listed below are parameters which can be determined individually for a single dimensioning frame-
work. Different parameter values can be assigned to different frameworks (see page 226 below for
manipulation of frameworks). Applicable parameters are the following:
- Layer
- Dimensioning class
- Scaling factor
- Demarcation arrowheads, left/right
- Geometry of dimensioning- and auxiliary lines
- Arrowhead orientation
- Format of dimensioning text
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MTS Dimensioning
Diagram: Dimensioning parameters I: Dimensioning text, demarcation signs, the projection point
of dimension lines as well as the deleted space in a dimension line can be defined as
desired with each single dimensioning.
Diagram: Dimensioning parameters II: Further individual parameters are: text position, end of the
dimension line, end of the projection line, angle of the projection line.
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MTS Dimensioning
10.1.6 Format of Dimensioning Text

With each dimensioning framework the dimensioning text is established from the text format and
the actual object geometry.
A text format can be defined either when generating or when subsequently manipulating a frame-
work .
The text format takes effect on the following parameters
- nuber of decimal positions

- tolerance parameters according to German Standard DIN 406 16
- dimension according to German Standard DIN 406 4.5
- individual variation of the dimensioning text (e.g. such amendments as "cm")
- subscribed and superscribed text
Decimal fractions are represented in the format bbbdaaa . b numbers before the decimal, d decimal
point (. ), a numbers after the decimal. Redundant terminating zeroes (as well as the decimal point,
if applicable) will be suppressed. To edit the representation of a decimal number, the
"EDUBEM.KNFEDUBEM.KNF;" file can be invoked.
10.1.6.1 Structure of a Text Format

The text format consists of a string of characters, of which some or some combinations will be in-
terpreted in a special way. All characters not having any special signification will appear unaltered in
the actual dimensioning text.
Control Sequences
Control sequences consist of the ASCII-character ’^’ (CARET) and a further character.
^r Rectangular box (for theoretical dimensions)

^a Arc line
^t Test dimension
^u Underline (for drawings not to scale)
When a control sequence first appears in the text the applicable desired mode is activated, when it
appears again the mode is deactivated. It follows that such sequences must either appear twice or
not at all. Sequences of different type may be nested at will.
Superscript and Subscript Control Characters
> Superscript ON/OFF

< Subscript ON/OFF
These control characters must appear either twice or not at all.
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MTS Dimensioning
Example:
Text format : cm>2> Text format : 8<h9<
Output : cm2 Output : 8h9
Prefix "#" to Control Characters

The prefix is applied to effect the output of ASCII-characters which are not allocated to any of the
keys on the PC keyboard.
The prefix can be applied in a number of ways:
"#nnn" serves to have the ASCII-Code of a character displayed.
The expression "nnn" is meant to represent precisely three digits; there will be no syntax check.
Example:
#094 = "^"
Instead of entering "#nnn", a sequence of key operations can be exerted, as follows:
Hold the <ALT> key down while the three digits ’nnn’ are entered, then release the
<ALT> key.
The INCAD character set features a number of special characters, as listed in the table below. De-
pending on the PC employed, the ASCII denotation of the respective alphanumerical character set
may differ from the graphic display in the INCAD program.
Diagram: Special characters for the dimensioning
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MTS Dimensioning
Blank character " "

Any blank characters within the text format will be ignored.
Display of blank characters "_"

To insert mandatory blank characters in the dimensioning text, the character "_" is entered.
Format Characters "$" and Decimal Point"."

In the display the format characters will be transformed to the appropriate dimensioning parameters
(distance, angle etc.). A sequence of format characters can be entered as follows:
$ or $.$ or $.$$ etc.
"$" before the decimal point is optional. The number of "$" characters after the decimal point de-
notes the number of positions after the decimal in the actual dimensioning.
Terminal zeroes as well as a terminal decimal point will be suppressed. Each format sequence will
be interpreted but once in the text.
Examples:
Exact Value Format Result
1. 1.234501 $.$$$ 1,235
2. " $.$$$$$ 1,2345
3. " $._$ 1$
4. 1.0003 $.$$$ 1
5. " $.$$$ . 1.
Explanation:
1. The last number in this dimensioning text is "5" (4/5 rounding).

2. Only 4 numbers of the fractional part are displayed, the terminal zero in the fifth place
is suppressed.
3. The terminal decimal point is suppressed; "_" is transformed into a blank . Because it
stands apart from the first sequence of "$$" , the last "$" has not been transformed into
digits.
4. Terminal zeroes and terminal decimal point have been suppressed.
5. As in 4. " " in the format is suppressed. Therefore the decimal "." appears immediately
after "1"
10.1.6.2 Establishing of the Dimensioning Text

The dimension figure in the dimensioning text is established as follows:
Point Dimensioning:
Global factor * Scaling factor * Distance *Detail Scaling Factor
Radius Dimensioning:
Global factor * Scaling factor * Radius *Detail Scaling Factor
Diameter Dimensioning:
Global factor * Scaling factor * Radius 2 *Detail Scaling Factor
Angle Dimensioning:
Graduated angle between the sides
Arc Dimensioning:
Global factor * Scaling factor * Radius * Angle * PI/180. *Detail Scaling Factor
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MTS Dimensioning
The detail scale will be the factor defined when the detail is generated, with all other drawing it is
1:1.
Example:
Diagram: Text formats of dimensioning texts.
The width of the dimensioned rectancular is 115.6800. (1) two terminating zeroes have been sup-
pressed.(2) specific scaling factor 0.1, (3) dimensioning text independent of the actual dimensions
10.1.6.3 Positioning the Dimensioning Text

When a dimensioning is created the applicable text can be positioned "manually" or in the auto-
matic mode (see the submenu "Dim.Text Def." page 237 for further details). With manual position-
ing there are the following three options:
Moving the text in both dimensions ("NORM")

The text will be represented by a "box" which can be moved with the cursor (cf. diagram).
Move parallel to the base line ("PARA")

In this case the "box" containing the text can only be moved parallel to the base line which will either
be a straight line (with point- radius- and diameter dimensioning), or an arc (with angle or arc di-
mensioning). (cf. diagram).
Moving the text orthogonal to the base line ("ORTHO")

In this case the text box is moved at a right angle (orthogonally) to the base line, which will be a
straight line with point- radius- and diameter dimensioning. In all other cases the text box will be
moved radially (relative to the centre with angle dimensioning, relative to the vertex with angle di-
mensioning ). (cf. diagram).
- 199 -
MTS Dimensioning
Diagram: Positioning of the dimensioning text.

(1) Cursor movement (2) ’orthogonal’- mode (3) ’normal’ - mode(4) ’parallel’ - mode.
MISTIG!
Diagram: The height of the text box is one and a half times the height TH, as specified in the
applicable dimensioning class. TL is the actual text length, depending on the text en-
tered. The cursor position is represented by the solid circle.
- 200 -
MTS Dimensioning
10.1.6.4 Automatic Orientation of Text

The dimensioning text will be automatically oriented according to German Standard DIN 406 Part 2
Ch.4.2.
10.1.7 Effects of INCAD-Operations on the Dimensioning

A dimensioning may link points on different INCAD Objects, it will therefore be affected by any ma-
nipulation of these objects, such as:
- Copying
- Transformations (Moving, Scaling etc.)
- Deletion
- Editing of Attributes
The screen representation of dimensionings is not automatically updated.
10.1.7.1 Updating of Dimensioning Frameworks

While with each modification of an object its entire dimensioning is modified accordingly, this inter-
nal computing will take effect as an update of the drawing in the screen representation only after the
next reinstation of the screen. For the sake of clarity it is therefore recommended to suppress the
screen display of dimensionings during the design process, which can be effected by operating the
applicable switches (Dimensioning Text ON/OFF, Dimensioning ON/OFF) in the Dimensioning Main
Menu.
10.1.7.2 Copying and Transforming of Objects

When at least one point of the dimensioning framework is situated on an object to be copied the
dimensioning may be retained in the copying - in fact this will depend on the setting of the switch
"DimCopy" in the Edit Menu. For further details see the Edit Menu (Page156).
A dimensioning framework resulting from a transformation may not always satisfy the user’s re-
quirements. It can subsequently be edited by applying the functions in the Dimensioning Manipula-
tion Menu.
10.1.7.3 Dimensionings and Layers

Each dimensioning framework is allocated to a specific layer, which, as a rule, is not the layer of the
dimensioned object. This allows to suppress the display of certain dimensionings, resp. to display
dimensionings and suppress the related objects.
10.1.8 Permanent and Temporary Dimensioning

Dimensionings which have been generated with the switch position "Dim.Stat = temp" operative, are
temporarily displayed on the screen but will not become part of the stored list of dimensionings.
- 201 -
MTS Dimensioning
They will disappear after each redrawing of the screen. Such temporary dimensionings can there-
fore neither be manipulated, plotted or stored; they will not use up storage capacity.
10.1.9 Limitations and Special Cases in Dimensioning INCAD-Objects

The dimensioning menus cannot be activated during the editing of symbols.
When IGES- or DXF- files are being generated, the dimensioning is ignored; accordingly, when
IGES- or DXF- files are being read, the dimensionings defined in the source files are ignored. Di-
mensionings which have been defined as a "BLOCK" will be translated into symbols. They will not
be available as associative dimensionings in INCAD.
The following objects cannot be dimensioned:
- Symbols (as long as ungrouped)

- Intersection points, Projected points
- Objects belonging to different detail drawings
To dimension these objects, they must be ungrouped, resp. auxiliary points (circles, arcs) must be
created.
Symbols and intersection points can be dimensioned by activating the trap criteria "Contour Point",
resp. "Intersection Point" in the entities menu and creating a point at the desired location. This point
can be dimensioned (associative dimensioning will not be possible). Subsequently this point may be
shifted to an invisible layer.
It is not possible to create dimensionings relating to detail drawings of different scales or joining
details and standard objects. Please note, that it is not recommendable to create new designs or
insert further entities into a detail window, because these will be of a different scale (with the excep-
tion of hatchings and line attributes). Dimensionings joining detail drawings of the same scale can
be effected, but will, in most cases, not lead to a valid result.
- 202 -
MTS Dimensioning Main Menu
10.2 Dimensioning Main Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Redraw Reinstate Screen
Dim. Stat Switch: Status of Dimensioning
Dim. Class Change of Menu
Dim. Param. Change of Menu
Dim. Text Switch: Suppression of Dimensioning Text
Dimens. Switch: Suppression of Dimensioning
Del.Dim.Li Delete Dimensioning
Manip.Dim.Li Change of Menu
Point Dim. Change of Menu
Radius Dim. Change of Menu
Diam.Dim. Change of Menu
Angle Dim. Change of Menu
Arc Dim. Change of Menu
Main Menu Change of Menu
- 203 -
10.2.0 Reinstate Screen
Redraw Menu Function

Dim. Text Switch
Dim. Display Switch
Different from the standard screen reinstatement, in the "dimensioning mode" all dimensionable
points will be marked (in red) by an axially parallel cross.
To cancel the procedure, press <F3> on the keyboard. WAS IST DAS???
10.2.1 Edit Dimensioning State
Dim.Stat: <temp|perm> Switch
When this switch is set to "temp" the generated dimensioning frameworks will be temporary, i.e.
they are not stored and will disappear after each screen reinstatement.
When the switch is set to "perm" the frameworks will be retained even after reinstatement and will
be stored.
10.2.2 Suppression of Dimensioning Text
Dim.Text <ON|OFF> Switch
Each time this menu field is selected, the toggle switch "Dim. Text" will be set to the alternate posi-
tion:
ON -> OFF -> ...
Position: "Dim. Text ON"

If the online reinstatement of a drawing includes dimensioning frameworks, the dimensioning text
will be displayed as well.
Position: "Dim. Text OFF"

With the switch set to this position the frameworks displayed on the screen will not include the di-
mensioning text. This may prove a convenience when complex character fonts are being used or
when the type of font is frequently changed.
Further screen editing possibilities:
- Plot Screen/ To Scale

- Fit
With the switch set to the "OFF" position the drawing will be displayed to fit the screen. Di-
mensioning text is suppressed.
10.2.3 Suppression of Dimensionings
Dimensioning <ON|OFF> Switch
Position: "Dimensioning ON"

Dimensioning frameworks are re-displayed after each screen reinstatement.
- 204 -
Position: "Dimensioning OFF"

Dimensioning frameworks are suppressed, which speeds up the redrawing.
Further screen editing possibilities:
- Plot Screen/ To Scale

- Fit
With the switch set to the "OFF" position the drawing will be displayed to fit the screen while dimen-
sionings are suppressed.
By appropriate allocation to different layers, specific dimensionings can be inhibited in the display.
10.2.4 Delete Dimension lines
Del.Dim.Li Menu Function
After selecting a dimension line the corresponding framework can be deleted.
Upon the prompt
Identify dimension line !
a dimension line (a straight line or an arc between projection lines) must be identified. The frame-
work will then be marked according to the selected class ("MM").
A further prompt will appear:
Press <F1> to delete !
requiring from the user to acknowledge the deletion of the framework by operating the <F1> key.
Any other entry will cancel the procedure.
Note:
Where a good number of dimension lines is concerned, it may be more convenient to effect the
manipulation and deletion successively.
Note:
<F4> has no effect on dimensionings already deleted !
10.2.5 Manipulation of Dimensioning Frameworks
Manip.Dim.Li Change of Menu
The submenu "Manipulation of Dimensioning Framework" is activated.
Where a good number of dimension lines is concerned it may be more convenient to effect the
manipulation and deletion successively.
Note:
<F4> has no effect on the manipulation of dimensionings !
- 205 -
MTS Point Dimensioning
10.3 Point Dimensioning Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Redraw Reinstatement of screen display
Dim. Stat Switch: Temporary or permanent dimension-

ing
DimLi. Class Switch: Edit the current dimensioning class
ProLi. Ang. Switch: Definition of Projection Lines Angles
DimLi Proj. Switch: Projection Point of the Dimensioning

Line
Base Line Switch: Definition of the Base Line
Dim.Text Def Change of Menu: Switches for Text Definition
Delete DimLi Delete the Dimensioning Framework
Dim. Type Switch: Type of Dimensioning
Manip. Dim.Li Change of Menu
Diam.Dim Change of Menu
Point Dim. Dimensioning of points
Arc Dim Change of Menu
Dim. Menu Change of Menu
- 206 -
Each time the menu "Point Dimensioning" is invocated, the default active menu function will be
"Generate Point Dimensioning".
A number of point dimensioning operations consecutively exerted (with the menu function unin-
teruptedly operative) constitute a so-called cycle. When a cycle is exerted the base line as well as
the projection of the dimension line need only once be defined (the applicable setting of switches
provided). With switches set to "incremental dimensioning" or "absolute dimensioning" two points
must be defined for the first framework created in the course of a cycle, definition of one point will
be sufficient for all further frameworks.
Selecting a menu function will interrupt the cycle.
10.3.1 Edit Dimensioning Class
DimLi Cl.<ppp> Menu Function
Point Dim Menu Function
After selecting this menu item the current dimensioning class can be edited. When the prompt:
Dimensioning Class ?
appears in the alphanumerical input line, an existing dimensioning class must be entered. It will be
valid for the type of dimensioning of the applicable menu only.
All dimensionings subsequently created will be allocated to this class.
10.3.2 Angle of Projection Line
ProLi Ang.<FIX|QPt> Switch

Point Dim. Menu Function
Two-position toggle switch :
FIX (Angle Input) -> QPoint -> ...
The angle between the standard base line and the projection line is called the projection line angle
(cf. diagram).
- 207 -
State: "ProLi Ang. FIX"

When "FIX" is the operative state, input of an angle in the alphanumerical input field is expected. As
a rule this angle should be of zero degrees, which will effect the projection line to be perpendicular
to the base line - as is the standard case suggested in German Standard DIN 406. Input of angles
of more than 80 degrees will be rejected by the system.
State: "ProLi Ang."

The projection angle will be computed to the effect of the dimension line beginning at the projection
point ("QPoint"). With DIN 406 this is considered a special case !
10.3.3 Projection of Dimension line
DimLi Proj. < ALW| ONCE| FIX| INCR > Switch

When this menu item is selected, there will be a choice of the following switch positions to be acti-
vated:
ALWAYS-> ONCE-> FIX-> INCREMENTAL
The setting of this switch determines the kind of input requested with the projection of the dimen-
sion line. The projection point (QPoint) is defined as follows (cf. diagram):
- 208 -
Diagram: Generating a point dimensioning:

1. Identification of the first point,
2. accordingly,
3. Determine Projection (QPoint).
The dimensioning framework in the above diagram has been generated with the operative switch
states being "Base Line = PARA" and "DimLi Proj.= ONCE (or) ALW". Numerals "1" and "2" denote
the dimensioned points. Numeral "3" denotes the location where the cursor has been positioned
after the prompt:
Enter projection !
The extension of the dimension line intersects the "QPoint"
State: "DimLi Proj. ALWAYS"

Each time a dimensioning framework is generated, the height of the projection point must be de-
termined by positioning the cursor.
State: "DimLi Proj. ONCE"

The height of the projection point must be determined only once per cycle. This status is recom-
mended especially with incremental dimensioning.
Status: "DimLi Proj. FIX"

With this status operative the entry of a value "w" to the input field is requested. With each new
definition of a dimensioning framework the dimension line will now be situated "w" INCAD-units
above the topmost point to be dimensioned.
Status : "DimLi Proj. INCR "

With this status operative the entry of a value "w" to the input field is requested. When a point di-
mensioning cycle is invoked, the projection of the dimension line is requested to be once defined by
positioning the cursor. Each ensuing dimension line will be situated "w" units above the preceding
one.
- 209 -
Example:
Diagram: Dimension line projection and positions of the switch "DimLiProj"
Switch positions for the generation of the dimensionings shown in the four diagrams above are the
following:
Type of Dimensioning Incremental

Base Line Horizontal
In the following P1, Q1 etc .denotes the identification of the applicable point "DimLi Proj.:xxx"
indicates the selection of the menu field "DimLi Proj." (eventually to be repeated, until the switch
position "xxx" is obtained. Tilted crosses represent contour points, upright crosses represent op-
tional points.
Upper Left Diagram:

DimLi Proj.: ALW (always), P1, P2, Q1, P3, Q2, P3, Q3
Upper Right Diagram:

DimLi Proj.:INC (incremental) 10, P1, P2, Q1, P3, P4
After the first dimension line has been positioned by defining Q1, each ensuing dimension line will
automatically be positioned 10 INCAD units higher than the preceding one.
Lower Left Diagram:

DimLi Proj.:1 X (once), P1, P2, Q1, P3, P4
All dimension lines will be positioned at the height of the first dimension line.
- 210 -
Lower Right Diagram:

DimLi Proj.: fix, 50, P1, P2, P3, P4
The projection of the dimension lines will be 50 INCAD units above the topmost of the two points
dimensioned in the applicable framework.
10.3.4 Edit Type of Base Line
Base Li < EXTERN | PARA | VERT | HORI > Switch

The "Base Line Definition" switch can be set to the following positions:
external -> parallel ->vertical -> horizontal ->
The effects of transformations - esp. rotations, mirroring and translatory operations (moving)- on
point dimensioning are dependent on the respective definition of the base line:
The dimension line is always parallel to the base line. A vertical or horizontal base line will always
be retained in subsequent transformations (e.g. rotations) of the applicable object. If the transfor-
mation shall include the dimension line, the "parallel" or "external" base line mode must be acti-
vated. It is therefore recommended to decide on a suitable type of base line when the dimensioning
framework is first generated.
Note:
Deleting one point the least from the dimensioning framework will effect automatic deletion of all
dimensionings linked to this framework.
Diagram: Even after rotation of the four points, the dimension line is still parallel to the base line.
Status: "BaseLi external"

The base line must be defined at the beginning of a point dimensioning cycle.
Both points of the base line must be identified.This base line will be relevant to all dimensioning
frameworks subsequently generated.
Status: "BaseLi parallel"

The base line will invariably be as defined by the two points dimensioned.
Status: "BaseLi horizontal / vertical"

Even after geometric transformations have been exerted the base line will be horizontal / vertical.
- 211 -
Examples:
Basic task in this example: The distance P3, P4 of the

trapezoid P1, P2, P3, P4 is to be dimensioned.
Different modes of the base line switch are employed: BaseLi=’extern’ (P1, P2 for the base line)
BaseLi=’parallel’, BaseLi=’horizontal’ und BaseLi=’vertical’.
Transformation:
Subsequently each trapezoid is rotated by 45 degrees (left diagram). Only the frameworks in the
upper row are included in the rotation, because they have their base line on the transformed object.
10.3.5 Switching the Type of Dimensioning
DimType < INC | ABS | NOR > Schalter

Point Dim Menu Function
The "DimType" switch can occupy three positions:
Incremental (relative) dimensioning -> Absolute dimensioning -> Normal ->
Switch State: "DimType Incremental"

During a cycle, each point will be dimensioned relative to the previous point.
Diagram: Incremental Dimensioning Diagram: Absolute Dimensioning
Switch State: "DimType Absolute"

Each point will be dimensioned relative to the first point, (the point identified at the beginning of the
cycle).
- 212 -
Switch State: "DimType Normal":

Two points must be identified for each dimensioning framework.
Example:
The dimensioning frameworks shown in the diagram below can be generated in in different ways:
Common switch positions for all variants are:
BaseLi = vert
DimLi = 1X
In the following PointDim stands for selection of the menu function "Point Dim.", P1, P2. etc..
stands for identification of the applicable points.
Vers. 1 : Switch : DimType = NORM

PointDim, P1, P2, P2, P3, P3, P4
Vers 2 : Switch : DimType = INC

PointDim, P1, P2, P3, P4
Vers 3 : Switch : DimType = ABS

PointDim, P1, P2,
PointDim, P2, P3,
PointDim, P3, P4
Diagram: See Text
All three variants lead to equivalent results.
10.3.6 Delete Dimension lines
Del.Dim.Li Menu Function
By identifying the dimension line, the corresponding framework can be deleted.
Upon the prompt
a dimension line (a straight line or an arc between projection lines) must be identified. Subese-
quently the framework is highlighted in colour, according to the selected class ("MM").
A further prompt will appear:
<F1> to delete !
requiring the user to acknowledge the deletion of the framework by operating the <F1> key. Any
other entry will cancel the procedure.
Note:
Where a greater number of dimension lines is concerned it may be more convenient to effect the
manipulation and deletion successively. Please note also, that <F4> has no effect on dimensionings
already deleted !
- 213 -
MTS Radius-/Diameter Dimensioning
10.3.7 Point Dimensioning Cycle

BaseLi Switch
ProLi Ang Switch
DimLi Proj. Switch
DimText Def Switch
Dim Type Switch
Dim.Stat Switch
How to proceed:
After the menu function "Point Dim." has been activated, and if
- switch state "BaseLi= external",
the following prompt will appear:
Identify P1 of the base line !
After the first point of the base line has been identfied, the next input prompt:
Identify P2 of the base line !
will require the user to enter the second point.
- With switch state "Dim.Type = Norm" entry of the first point to be dimensioned will be
requested:
(1)
Identify P1 !
and then the next point :

(2)
Identify P2 !
If the selected type of dimensioning is "absolute", the distance between point P1 and P2 will now be
dimensioned. If the selected type of dimensioning is "incremental" the distance between the point
entered upon prompt (2) and the preceding point will now be dimensioned (at the beginning this will
be the point entered upon prompt (1); with the next dimensioning operation point 2 in turn precedes
a following point and so forth).
Subsequent entries concern the shape of the dimensioning framework as well as the positioning
and the format of the dimensioning text.
With the switch positions

- "DimLi Proj. = always"
- "ProLi Ang. = QPt."
- and the first framework of a cycle with switches set to
"DimLi Proj. = incr" or
"DimLi Proj. = once"
the prompt
Enter Dimension line projection (QPoint) !
requires the user to identify the projection point of the dimension line, which point need not be situ-
ated on the contour. It is recommended to make use of a grid for exact positioning of the dimen-
sioning frameworks. With the switch position "ProLi Ang.= QPt" the angle between base line and
- 214 -
projection line is established to the effect that "P1" and "QPoint" are located on the same projection
line
If, in the submenu "Dim. Text Def", "Dimensioning Text = Input" is the operative switch position ,
upon the prompt:
Enter dimensioning text !
the text format must be specified. The default format will be that which has been stored with the
applicable active dimensioning class.
If, in the submenu "DimText Def", one of switch positions
"TextPos = norm"
"TextPos = para"
"TextPos = ortho"
has been made operative, the prompt:
Enter text position !
will require the input of the desired text position. In addition to the usual cursor symbol the text posi-
tion is indicated in the screen display by an rectangular frame.
Subsequent extension of the generated dimensioning framework will depend on the selected type
of dimensioning:
if "Dim Type = NORM"

further proceeding starts from (1)
if "Dim Type = INC" or
"Dim Type = ABS"
further proceeding starts from (2)
Hier muß noch ein Bild übersetzt werden!!!
- 215 -
10.4 Menu: Radius Dimensioning

There is no difference in the user guidance with the radius - and diameter dimensioning. See dia-
meter dimensioning below.
10.5 Menu: Diameter Dimensioning
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Dim. Stat Switch: Dimensioning temporary or perma-

nent
DimLi Class Switch: Edit Dimensioning Class
DimText Def. Change of Submenu: Switches for Dimen-

sioning Text
Del.Dim.Li Delete Dimensioning
Manip. Dim.Li Change of Menu: Manipulate Dimensioning
Radius Dim. Radius Dimensioning
Diam. Dim. Diameter Dimensioning
Dim.Menu Change of Menu
- 216 -
10.5.1 Generate Radius/Diameter Dimensioning
Radius Dim. Menu Function

Diam.Dim. Menu Function
DimTextDef Switch
Dim.Stat Switch
Upon the input request
Identify circle or circular arc !
a dimensioning framework is attached to the identified circle or arc. The dimension line ends at the
identification point. Should the inclination of the dimension line be considered insatisfactory, it can
be edited by invoking the function "rda angle" from the manipulation menu.
- 217 -
Diagram: Die Maßlinie der Durchmesserbemaßung (Radius-Bemaßung analog) wird bei einer
Drehung des Objektes nicht transformiert.
- 218 -
MTS Angle Dimensioning
10.6 Menu: Angle Dimensioning
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Dim.Stat Switch: Dimensioning temporary or perma-

nent
DimLi Class Switch: Change of Dimensioning Class
DimText Def Change of Menu. Submenu: Switch Dim.

Text Def.
Mode W3/W4 Switch: 3 points/ 4 points mode
DimLi Proj. Switch: Default projection or input
Del Dim. Li Delete Dimensionings
Diam. Dim. Change of Menu
Angle Dim. Angle Dimensioning
Dim.Menu Change of Menu
- 219 -
MTS Angle Dimensioning
An angle is defined by identifying its sides.
There is an option of the three-point mode and the four-point mode with angle dimensioning; se-
lecting the menu item "Mode W3/W4" serves to switch between options.
In the three-point mode the vertex as well as one different point on each side of the angle must be
identified. In the four-point mode the sides of the angle are defined by identifying their beginning-
and end points.
Identifying the sides of an angle does not unequivocally determine the angle to be dimensioned.
INCAD offers all (up to eigh)t different dimensioning possibilities.
Note:
- A dimensioned angle will be transformed with each mirroring operation into its complement on the
360° scale.
To switch between an angle and its complement, the menu item "rad: Angle" in the manipulation
menu (see page 229) can be activated.
With the present INCAD version only decimal units can be used in the angle dimensioning.
- 220 -
MTS Arc Dimensioning
10.6.1 Switch Between Angle Dimensioning Modes
Mode <W3/W4> Switch

Angle Dim. Menu Function
Each activation of this menu item flips the switch to either one of the two modes:
3-Point mode -> 4 Point mode -> ... .
Switch position: "W3 Mode" (Three-point mode)

The angle is defined by
- a point on the vertex

- a point on side 1
- a point on side 2
Switch position: "W4 Mode" (Four-point mode)

The angle is defined by identifying the end points of the sides enclosing the angle to be dimen-
sioned.
10.6.2 Dimension Line Projection
DimLi Proj. <Fix,QPt> Switch

The states of this switch are:
FIX -> QPt -> ...
Switch position: "DimLi Proj. FIX"

The default dimension line projection will be displayed.
Switch position: "DimLi Proj. QPt"

The dimension line projection is determined by positioning the cursor (QPoint), after both sides of
the angle have been identified.
10.6.3 Angle Dimensioning

Dim.Text Def. Switch
DimLi Proj. Switch
Dim.Stat. Switch
Mode W3/W4 Switch
This Menu Function serves to dimension an angle:
If the three-point-mode ("Mode W3") is the operative state, upon the input request
Identify vertex !
- 221 -
the vertex of the angle, i.e the intersection point of the two straight lines enclosing the angle to be
dimensioned, must be identified. Upon the next prompt:
Identify point on the first side !
the end point of the first straight line must be identified, and upon the following prompt:
Identify point on the second side !
the end point of the second straight line must be identified. It is a precondition with the three-point-
mode that the angle vertex be already stored as an INCAD point. Where this is not the case (which
may frequently occur, e.g. with rounded corners) the four-point-mode should be applied.
When the "W4 Mode" is the active switch position, four points will be necessary for the dimension-
ing of an angle. Two straight lines (each defined by two points) must be defined - the enclosed an-
gle will then be dimensioned.
Upon the input request:
Identify point 1 on side 1 !
the first point of the first straight line must be identified, upon the next prompt:
the second point of the first straight line must be identified.
The second straight line is defined accordingly, the respective prompts being:
After this a provisional dimensioning framework will be displayed, which can be modified during the
subsequent procedure.
When the switch "Dimension Line Projection" has been set to the position "DimLi Proj. = QPt", upon
the prompt:
Identify dimension line projection !
the cursor must be positioned on the desired projection point. If applicable, the input of a dimen-
sioning text format (Submenu Dim.Text Def.:"DT Input") will subsequently be requested:
Enter dimensioning text format !
The straight lines, as defined above,will allow the establishment of at least two different angles.
Upon the following prompt:
x Degrees <F2> adopt <F1> different option
the desired version must be opted for. x denotes the degree of the displayed angle. If a different
option has been selected with <F1> and if the text position is not desired to be according to the
default parameters (Submenu Dim.Text Def. : "DT Pos. norm/orth/para"), then, after the input re-
quest:
Enter Text Position !
- 222 -
the text position must be specified. After this, the final version of the dimensioning framework will be
established. Examples:
In the diagrams below the dimensioning of angles in the three-point-mode and in the four-point-
mode is shown. P1, P2, P3 and P4 are contour points, which have been identified successively
upon request.
Example: Three-point-mode
Example: Four-point-mode
The two versions of the angle are displayed which are possible with the given constellation.
- 223 -
10.7 Menu: Arc Dimensioning
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Dim.Stat Switch: Dimensioning temporary or

permanent
DimLi Class Switch: Change of Dimensioning Class
Dim.Text Def. Change of Menu. Submenu: Switch Dim.

Text
DimLi Proj. Switch: Default projection of dimensioning or

input
Del Dim. Li Delete Dimensionings
Diam. Dim. Change of Menu
Angle Dim. Angle Dimensioning
Arc Dim. Arc Dimensioning
Dim.Menu. Change of Menu
- 224 -
Hier muß wohl noch ein Bild übersetzt werden!
10.7.1 Arc Dimensioning
Arc Dim. Menu Function

DimLi Proj. Switch
Dim. Stat Switch
Dim.Text Def. Switch
Identify Circular Arc !
a circular arc must be identified. Identification of circles or other objects will be ignored. If the switch
"DimLi Proj." has been set to the "QPt" position, upon the prompt:
Identify Dimension line Projection !
the height of the the projection must be determined. If applicable, the dimensioning text and its po-
sition are to be entered.
- 225 -
MTS Manipulation of Dimensionings
10.8 Menu: Manipulation of Dimensioning Frameworks
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Next DimLi Edit next dimension line
Class&Layer Change of dimensioning class or layer
Dim. Text Def Submenu: Switch for dimension text
ProLi Angle Edit Angle of Dimension line
ProLi Start Edit Beginning Point of Projection line
ProLi End Edit end point of projection line
ProLi Point Edit projection point
DimLi Mid. Interrupt dimension line
DimLi End Prolong/Shorten dimension line
rda: Angle Edit angle
Arrow Orient. Edit orientation of demarcation signs
Arrowheads Edit demarcation signs
Text Edit dimensioning text format
Text Pos. Re-locate text
Scal.Factor Edit the Local Scaling factor
Abort Editing of the Selected Dimensioning will be

ignored
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The functions in this menu serve to manipulate existing dimensioning frameworks.
A dimension line must be identified prior to the activation of one of the functions specified in the
following. The corresponding framework will be marked according to the Basic Class "MM".
When quitting the menu all amendments to the currently manipulated framework will be adopted.
With the invocation of menus ’Edit Dimensioning’ and ’Delete Dimensioning’ the system requires
internal computation, which, especially where extensive dimensioning is concerned, may result in
noticeable delays in the program. It is therefore recommended to carry out ’Manipulation’ and ’De-
leting’ separately, one after the other.
10.8.1 Next Dimension Line
Next DimLi Menu Function
This menu function serves to select a new dimension line for further manipulation. If currently there
is a dimension line under manipulation, all amendments to this line will be adopted.
a diemensioning line (a straight line or arc within the range of projection lines) must be identified.
The corresponding framework will be marked according to the Basic Class "MM". Subsequently the
other menu items may be selected.
10.8.2 Change of Dimensioning Class or Layer
Class&Layer Menu Function
Specify dimensioning class !
the allocation of an individual dimension line to a class can be edited by entering an existing dimen-
sioning class to the input mask.
Accordingly the identified dimensioning can be allocated to a different layer by activating "Edit
Layer" from the Layer Edit Menu and selecting the desired layer
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10.8.3 Edit Angle of Projection Line
ProLi Ang. Menu Function
(Only valid with the point- radius- and diameter dimensionings)
Upon the prompt
Enter angle of projection line !
this angle (as defined in the "Point Dimensioning" menu) can be edited by entering a different pa-
rameter into the input mask.
This submenu constitutes the only possibility to define an projection line angle other than zero for a
radius- or diameter dimensioning.
10.8.4 Edit Beginning Point of a Projection Line
ProLi Start Menu Function
Upon the prompt:
Identify beginning of projection line ! <F2> to delete !
the positioning of the cursor will define the point to whose height the adjacent projection line will be
extended or reduced.
Operating the <F2> key will delete the projection line.
10.8.5 Edit End of a Dimension Line
DimLi End Menu Function
Upon the prompt:
Identify end of dimension line ! <F2> to delete !
a new end point of the dimension line must be entered by positioning the cursor. This entry takes
effect on both projection lines.
Operating <F2> will make the projection line end on the dimension line.
- 228 -
10.8.6 Edit Projection of the Dimension Line
DimLi Proj. Menu Function
Upon the prompt:
Identify projection of dimension line !
a new projection point of the dimension line can be defined by positioning the cursor.
10.8.7 Define Middle Point of a Dimension Line
DimLi Mid. Menu Function
Upon the prompt:
Identify projection line ! <F2> to delete !
as a first step the side must be selected (by positioning the cursor) on which a section of the dimen-
sion line is to be removed. Then, upon the prompt:
Identify middle point of dimension line !
the position of the section to be removed must be identified. Please note that in most cases the
corresponding section of the dimension line on the opposite projection line must be removed.
By operating <F2> the dimension line is made to end on the projection line.
10.8.8 Edit End Point of a Dimension Line
DimLi End Menu Function
Upon the prompt:
Identify end of dimension line ! <F2> to delete !
the end point of the dimension line can be defined by positioning the cursor.
By operating <F2> the dimension line is made to end on the projection line.
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10.8.9 Edit Angle
rda: Angle Menu Function
Point- and Arc Dimensioning:

This function is presently not available !
Radius- and Diameter Dimensioning:

Upon the prompt:
Enter angle of base line !
the angle between the horizontal and the dimension line must be entered as a numerical value.
Angle Dimensioning:
Switching between an angle and its complement on the 360° scale.
10.8.10 Edit Arrowhead Orientation
Arrow Orient. Menu Function
Each activation of this menu item will switch the individual parameter of the current dimensioning to
the next of the three states:
"-->/--/<--"
Arrowheads point inwards.
"--/<-->/--"
Arrowheads point outwards.
"automatic"
Arrowhead orientation will be computed.
10.8.11 Edit Demarcation Signs
Arrowheads Menu Function
Upon the prompt:
Identify demarcation !
as a first step the demarcation sign must be selected. After this, the input of numerals (1..10) is
requested.
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10.8.12 Edit Format of Dimensioning Text
Text Menu Function
Editing the text format.
When this function is activated the following message will appear:
Dimensioning Figure: df Dimensioning Text: dt
"df" denotes the dimensioning figure (without regard of the individual and global scaling factor;
where angles are specified, it will be in radian <Degree*2PI/360>. In the dimensioning text "dt" the
"$"-sequence has been replaced by the applicable dimensioning figure (including the scaling factor).
The new text format must be entered into the alphanumerical input field. For further details con-
cerning the text format see page 196.
10.8.13 Re-location of Text
Text Pos. Menu Function

Dim. Text Def Switch
Upon the prompt
Enter new text position !
a new text position must be defined by positioning the cursor. A frame ("box") will indicate the new
text position on the screen. To preselect the type of text positioning (NORM,PARA,ORTHO) please
activate the menu item "Dim.Text Def.".
10.8.14 Edit Local Scaling Factor
Scal.Factor Menu Function
Enter Scaling Factor !
a new scaling factor (in numerals) must be entered.
10.8.15 Abort
Abort Menu Function
All manipulations concerning the currently selected dimensioning will be ignored. After aborting the
function a new dimensioning framework must be selected.
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10.8.16 Terminate Manipulation
Dim. Change of Menu

All manipulations concerning the current dimensioning framework will be adopted; the selected
menu will be activated.
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MTS Dimensioning Parameters
10.9 Menu: Global Dimensioning Parameters
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Global Factor Global Scaling Factor
Dim. Text Def Submenu: Switch for Text Definition
Text Size Default Text Size
Text Pos. Default Text Position
ProLi Start Starting Point of Projection lines
ProLi End End Point of Projection lines
Arrowhead Definition of Demarcation Signs
Critic. Dist. Critical Distance for Inverse Orientation of

Demarcation Arrowheads
Arrow Orient Definition of Arrowheads Orientation
Arrow Size Size of Demarcation Arrowheads
Not always will the editing of dimensioning parameters immediately show in the screen representa-
tion. Where global variables have been edited, the screen should be reinstated after quitting this
menu.
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10.9.1 Edit Global Factor
Glob. Factor Menu Function
When this function is activated, the input prompt:
Enter Global Scaling Factor !
will appear, requesting the user to enter alphanumerically a new global factor for the establishment
of dimensioning text . The global scaling factor applies only to length dimensions (including those of
detail drawings); it has no effect on angle dimensionings.All length dimensions will be multiplied by
the specified global factor.
10.9.2 Definition of Text Size
Text Size Menu Function
Enter Text Size (smaller than 0: relative, greater than

0: absolute) !
a new text size can be entered into the numeric input field. When a negative value is entered, the
text size will be established as a multiple of the screen size, i.e. all dimensioning texts will be of the
same size (independent of the active screen window). The predefined text size of the applicable
dimensioning class will be a further scaling factor, determining the size of dimensioning text.
10.9.3 Edit the Default Text Position
Text Pos. Menu Function
Numerical input of the new default values for the "horizontal" and "vertical" text positions is re-
quested. For positioning of text the so-called "text reference point" must be considered, i.e. the
middle of the dimension line (which is a straight line with point- radius- and diameter dimensioning,
a circular arc with the dimensioning of angles and arcs). To this text reference point the entries
defining the text position will relate. "Vertical" (orthogonal) und "horizontal" (parallel) are text posi-
tions relative to a base line, resp. the middle of a dimensioning arc (cf.the diagram "Manipulation of
Text Position" on page 200. Upon the input request:
Enter vertical text position !
the "vertical" (orthogonal) offset of the text relative to the text reference point must be specified (as
a rule the value will be zero, i.e. centring of the text). The subsequent prompt will be:
Enter horizontal text position !
Here the "horizontal" (parallel) offset to the reference point must be specified.
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10.9.4 Edit Start Point of Projection Line
ProLi Start Menu Function
Identify start point of projection line !
the height of the projection point (Q point) must be entered (numerically).
10.9.5 Edit End Point of Projection Line
ProLi End Menu Function
Identify end point of projection line !
the prolongation of the projection line beyond the QPoint must be defined (in numerical values)
10.9.6 Define Demarcation Signs
Arrowheads Menu Function
This function serves to define the default demarcation signs. Upon the input prompt:
Enter demarcation signs !
the input of one of the digits 1 - 10 is required. Each number denotes one of the different demarca-
tion signs available, as listed above on page 185. The defined demarcation sign will be applied to
every dimensioning subsequently generated.
10.9.7 Critical Distance for Inverse Orientation of Demarcation Signs
Critic. Dist. Menu Function
Enter critical distance !
the critical distance (see page 186) must be entered(in numerals).
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10.9.8 Automatic Arrowheads Orientation
Arrowhead Orient Switch
When dimensioning frameworks are generated, the default state of this switch will determine the
orientation of demarcation signs. There are three possible switch positions (states):
State: -->/-/<--
mandatory inwards orientation of demarcation signs.
State: --/< >/--

mandatory outwards orientation of demarcation signs.
State: 0
If the length of the dimension line falls short of the defined critical distance the arrowheads will be
orientated inwards, otherwise they will be orientated outwards.
10.9.9 Arrowhead Size
Arrow Size Menu Function
Upon the prompt
Enter arrowhead size !
numerical input of the arrowhead size is requested.
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MTS Submenu: Dimensioning Text Switches
10.10 Submenu: Dimension Text Switches
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
DT Default Switch: Default Dimension Text
DT Input Switch: User’s Input of Dimension Text
Pos. Default Switch: Default Text Position
Pos. Norm. Switch: Optional Text Position
Pos. Ortho. Switch: Text Position Orthogonal to Base

Line
Pos. Para. Switch: Text Position Parallel to Base Line
Return Function: Return to the Invoking Program
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This submenu can be invoked from the following dimensioning menus:
Point Dimensioning
Radius Dimensioning
Diameter Dimensioning
Angle Dimensioning
Arc Dimensioning
Manipulation
The default settings of the switches will affect the interactive sequence when dimensionings (and
frameworks) are being generated or manipulated.
With the switch "DT Input" operative, the dimensioning text format must be entered with the gen-
eration of each new dimensioning.
With the switch "Text Position" set to one of the states "Norm", "Ortho" or "Para", the text position
must be defined by the user, when a dimensioning framework is generated.
Selecting a menu item will activate the applicable (next) switch position. Switches apply to all di-
mensioning menus.
10.10.1 Insert Default Dimension Text
DT Default Switch
With the switch position "DT Default" operative, the dimension text will be displayed as defined in
the applicable dimensioning class. No further input is requested.
In the manipulation menu this switch is inoperative! !
10.10.2 Input of Dimension Text
DT Input Switch
With the switch "DT Input" operative, the dimension text must be defined anew with each gener-
ated framework.
In the manipulation menu this switch is inoperative !
10.10.3 Insert Dimension Text at Default Position
Pos. Default Switch
With the switch position "Default" operative, the dimensioning text will be positioned according to
the preset parameters (cf. the dimensioning parameters on page 234).
With every other switch position, the user’s input is required.
If the submenu has been invoked from the manipulation menu, this switch position will be inter-
preted as the "Norm" switch state.
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10.10.4 Optional Dimension Text Position
Pos. norm Switch
With the switch position "Norm." operative, the text position can be moved freely in both dimen-
sions by operating the cursor.
10.10.5 Move Dimension Text Orthogonal to the Base Line
Pos. orthog. Switch
With the switch state "Pos. Ortho." operative, only moves at a right angle to the base line are per-
missive (cf. the diagram "Manipulation of Text Position" on page 200).
10.10.6 Move Dimension Text Parallel to the Base Line
Pos. para. Switch
With the switch state "Pos. Para" operative, the dimensioning text is always positioned parallel to
the base line (cf. the diagram "Manipulation of Text Position" on page 200).
10.10.7 Return to the Previous Menu
Return Change of Menu
Activating this menu item will effect the return to the invocating menu.
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MTS Edit Dimensioning Classes
10.11 Menu : Edit Dimensioning Classes
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Global The results of the editing will be permanently

stored (241)
Statistics Listing the application of classes(242)
Info Informations on a specific dimensioning

class(243)
Delete Deletion of a dimensioning class (243)
Def./Edit Generation of a new class, Editing of an ex-

isting class(244)
Dim. Main Change of Menu
- 240 -
After invocation of the dimensioning classes menu the display of INCAD designs is inhibited (it will
be redrawn after quitting the menu). A list of existing dimensioning classes is shown in the active
window:
HIER FEHLT EIN BILDSCHIRMFOTO!!!
10.11.1 Store Current Parameters of Dimensioning Classes
Global Menu Function
The current definition of parameters concerning the dimensioning classes is stored in a configura-
tion file. The existing information will be overwritten. When this menu function is not invocated, the
editing of dimensioning class parameters is temporary stored (local), i.e. they will be discarded after
terminating a session.
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10.11.2 Application of Dimensioning Classes
Statistics Menu Function
After activating this menu item, a table (as shown below) is displayed, which gives a survey of the
current application of the dimensioning classes:
Explanation of columns:
"Class" ’ppp’ Name of the class (as defined for the existing classes).
"def" The sign ’*’ will appear in this column, to indicate that the listed class has been defined;
otherwise the column remains empty. This may be the case if a class is deleted, al-
though there are still dimensionings allocated to it, or if drawings are loaded, which
contain dimensionings allocated to a non-existing class. In such a case the dimen-
sionings concerned will be allocated to the basic class (as R 57 in the example shown
above).
"Point","Radius","Diam","Angle","Arc"
This column lists the number of point- diameter- etc. dimensionings allocated to this
class.
Total Number of entries in the previous six columns
At the end of the table the total entries to the columns are summed up. Please note that currently
invisible dimensionings are included in the account.
- 242 -
10.11.3 Display of Class Parameters
Info Menu Function

Upon the prompt
Class:
a dimensioning class must be specified by alphanumerical entry or by selection with the mouse.
The parameters of the selected class will be displayed.
10.11.4 Deletion of a Class
Upon the prompt
Class:
a dimensioning class must be specified by alphanumerical entry or by selection with the mouse.
Operating the <F1> key acknowledges the deletion of the specified class.
- 243 -
10.11.5 Defining or Editing of a Class
Def./Edit Menu Function
Upon the prompt
Class:
a dimensioning class must be specified by alphanumerical entry. If the entered name is not taken
by an existing class, a new class (of that name) is generated. The default parameters of the new
class will be those of the class previously read in. An input mask, such as described above (see
"Info") will be offered for editing of the parameters.
10.11.6 Quitting the Menu
Dim. Main. Change of Menu
Upon activation of this function, the screen display will be redrawn, accounting for the edited class
parameters. The Dimensioning Main Menu will be invocated. Please note that the editing takes
effect only in the current session, as long as it has not been stored by activating the "Global" func-
tion, as described above.
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MTS Turning
11. NC-Programming System for Turning
Among the features of the NC-Programming System is the automatic recognition of workpart geo-
metries in a CAD drawing. During the programming process this geometry data is retained, which
allows modifications to the programmed machining (or workpart variants) to be easily effected.
Convenient tool-management and interactive user-guidance are further system features to ensure
speedy conversion of designs into NC programs. Programming even of complex contours accord-
ing to German Standard DIN 66025 will be a matter of minutes; all standard cycles are supported.
Part of the system philosophy is the graphic-interactive determination of the flow chart by the pro-
grammer. The process sheet and the selected technology- and tool data, as weil as the applicable
modified geometry data (fits, allowances etc.) derived from the workshop drawing, will be converted
into an NC program, inciuding cycles resp. macros, and subprograms. This is effected by genera-
tion of differential surfaces.
The differences of blank/workpart surfaces and finished part surfaces are reduced to a number of
partial surfaces (for reasons of technology, overlappings cannot be avoided). A machining cycle
(macro), e.g. roughing, drilling, pockets etc. is then assigned to each partial surface, including all
tool and technology information. The sequence of the machining of partial surfaces can be deter-
mined in the flow chart / process sheet or, conversely, the flow chart can be generated by defining
the respective sequence.
11.1. Start-up and Set-up of the Programming System for Turning
11.1.1 From Design to Program Start

The NC- Programming System for Turning (PST) is invoked by activating the menu function ’Turn-
ing Program" from the INCAD Main Menu.
To generate an NC program directly from the design drawing level, a number of set-up functions
must have previously been executed. These include the selection of those entities in the drawing
which are to be programmed - e.g. centre line, blank and part geometry (with prefabricated parts),
resp. the definition of the blank geometry and the positioning of the blank relative to the part con-
tour. The applicable functions will be queried in an interactive dialogue where the user is prompted
to accept default values or make his entries.
Example: Selecting entities for the PST
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MTS Turning
If the current drawing has been edited before by application of the PST, a corresponding machining
state will have been stored, including the set-up parameters, the clamping parameters (chuck and
chucking depth), the zero shift as well as the results of the machining, the selected turret and the
tools employed.
The following prompt will appear::
Read previous state <Fl>, Pick entities <F2>!
To select different ent’rties, to ed’tt the position of the centre line or to re-define the blank, strike the
<F2> key. A new dialogue line wiil appear:
Select entire drawing<F1>, Select entities <F2>, Cancel <F3> !
If the active drawing has not previously been edited in the programming system, this will be the
default message when starting up the PST.
Striking <F1> effects the recognition of the entire drawing by the programming system, whereas
<F2> invokes the Windows Menu (see Ch.1.10.2 Identification Within a Window). After identifying
the required entities (workpart contours and centre line), selecting "Quit" brings you back to the PST
level.
11.1.2. Defining the Part and the Blank Contour

The first message appearing in the dialogue line prompts the user to define the axis of rotation
Identify axis of rotation <Fl>, Numerical input <F2>
After striking <F1> the user can position the cursor to select an axis of rotation in the drawing. If in
the drawing no line exists which could be identified as an axis, <F2> invokes an input mask where
numerical entries can be made to define such an axis by two points.
After these entries have been completed, the defin’ttion of the blank/workpart is required by a dia-
logue, discriminating two possible cases:
(a) In relation to the centre line, the number of entities adopted from the drawing constitute a
single contour to be identified as a workpart for turning.
(b) In relation to the centre line, the number of entities converted from the drawing may consti-
tute several contours to be identified as a workpart for turning.
A contour can be defined as a blank when it is situated entirely above or below the axis, and does
not intersect itself. W’tth open contours an additional condition is, that they must have their begin-
ning and end point on the axis.
When (a) is the given case, the existing geometry is assumed to constitute a workpart, and a mini-
mum blank geometry (a cylinder) will be established from the external dimensions of the workpart.
Blank Length=xxx Diam.=xxx Inner diam.=xxx
These data may either be acknowledged or modified by overwriting
When (b) is the applicable case, as a first step that contour which represents the external contour of
the finished part must be identified:
Identify workpart !
Having selected a workpart contour and confirmed this selection, the user may either decide to
have computed a blank geometry based on the external dimensions of the workpart (as in (a)), or to
identify a blank contour:
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MTS Turning
Establish blank dimensions <F2>, or select a blank contour!
When <F2> has been activated, the established dimensions will be indicated (as in (a)). They can
be edited by the user:
Blank Length=xxx Diam.=xxx Inner diam.=xxx
After these data has been acknowledged or overwritten, or instead a blank geometry has been
identified, the blank contour (if not already existing) as well as the workpart contour will be displayed
on the screen. The blank can then still be re-positioned in relation to the workpart:
Accept blank position <F1>,

Move in the Z-direction <F2>
If the blank is to be moved in the Z-direction, after striking <F2> the following prompt will appear:
A corner point of the blank must be selected (activate a capture criterion, e.g. intersection point)
then the point must be entered to which that selected point shall be moved in the Z - direction.
Enter target point !
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MTS Turning
11.1.3. Chucking Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Re-Chuck Selecting a new chuck
Flip Flipping the blank
Chuck Chucking the blank
PST Main Return to the PST Main Menu
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MTS Turning
After completing the first steps of the set-up procedure (selecting a workpart contour and defining a
blank) the user will enter the the chucking menu. The first message in the dialogue line is a prompt
to define the type of chucking - internal or external stepped chuck jaws:
Example: External step jaws Internal step jaws
External step jaws<Fl>, internal step jaws <F2> !
Entering <F1> or <F2> equally activates the chuck-management: now the clamping devices to be
employed with the machining must be selected (see Appendix: Chuck Management). After a chuck
has been selected the workpart must be chucked. The following message will appear in the dia-
logue line:
Enter chucking depth <F1>,

Set against workpart front face <F2> !
By entering <F2> the workpart will be positioned in a way that its left (front) edge touches the right
face of the chuck; the jaws will be closed to the maximum blank diameter within the jaw range. If
the centre hole is greater than the biank diameter, the blank will be positioned flush with the projec-
tion of the right chuck face.
Example: Setting the chuck against the front face
It follows that this function should only be employed with cylindrical blanks, resp. those blanks which
have a face to be chucked flush. W’tth some blanks chucking may prove impossible.
To enter a chucking depth, press <F1> ; the following input request will appear:
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MTS Turning
<F1> to enter chucking depth,<F2> for graphic positioning
After striking <F1> numerical entries of the chucking depth can be made. Again the jaws will be
automatically closed down to the maximum blank diameter within the jaw range.
To chuck blanks or prefabricated parts which cannot be chucked according to either one of the
procedures described above, a further option
"....., graphic positioning <F2> !
is available. The subsequent interactive input serves to position a jaw point as a reference point on
the blank contour or within the blank. After actuating <F2> the following message will appear in the
dialogue line:
Enter reference point on the jaw !
A point on the jaw must be identified which shall be positioned on the blank. After the next prompt:
Identify a point on the blank !
a point on the blank, or another suitable point to which the jaw reference point shall be moved, must
be identified with the cursor.
Further functions in the chucking menu are the following:
Flip
and
"Re-chuck".
"Flipping" means rotating the workpart, e.g. to machine the opposite side, or to employ the counter
spindle. The existing clamping device may be retained or else a new chuck must be defined:
"Existing chuck <Fl>, new selection <F2> !"
Example: Flipping a workpart
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MTS Turning
When the system function "Re-chuck" is activated, the type of chuck will be queried etc. as with the
original chucking procedure.
After activating the menu item "Chuck" the chucking depth can be defined as previously described.
11.1.4. Defining the Workpart Zero
After returning from the "Chucking Menu" to the "PST Main Menu" the user will be automatically
requested to enter the Z-coordinate of the workpart zero (which, in most cases, is modified in the
chucking procedure):
Enter Z-coordinate of the workpart zero !
Employing the trapping parameters, the user must then identify a workpart zero to serve as a refer-
ence in the programming. The NC block G54 is generated, which includes shifting of the machine
datum to the desired program zero (see Appendix: MTS Syntax). If the user decides on not gener-
ating a G54 block, the dialogue line requesting the workpart zero can be skipped by pressing the
<F3> key. This will be applicable only when the zero point has been previously defined. In any case
the user will now continue his operations in the Main Menu of the Programming System for Turning.
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MTS Turning
11.2. PST-Main Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Tolerances Menu for the input of diameter tolerances
Final Contour Switch position: Final part contour
Rough Cornour Switch position: Rough contour
Detail Menu Menu for contour details
(Finishing) Next Next state of machining
Previous Previous state of machining
Orig. State State prior to the machining
Final State State after the final cycle
DispI.Curr. Display the current state of machining
Edit Edit the current state
Delete Delete the current state
Delete Subs. Delete all machining states subsequent to the

current state
Mach. Menu Invoke the Machining Menu
Chuck Menu Invoke the Chucking Menu
Define Zero Define the zero point
Views Invoke the Views Menu
NC-Prog.Menu Invoke the NC-Program Menu
Main Menu Return to the INCAD Main Menu
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MTS Turning
11.2.1. Tolerances
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Nominal Dim. Switch pos.: Nominal dimension
Tol. Dim Switch pos.: Tolerance dimension
Ø Tolerance Enter Ø-toleranc
Del. Tol. Delete Ø-tolerance
Tol. Info Information on Tolerances
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MTS Turning
In the Programming System for Turning (PST) tolerances of the external and internal diameters can
be specified in accordance with DIN standards. A contour ent’tty can be selected in the drawing and
its standard tolerance entered - e.g. "h8". From this input and the specified diameter the PST will.
establish the tolerance range. To precisely define the machining tolerance, its position within the
tolerance range must be defined by entering a percentage value between 0 and 100 (0 representing
the lower and 100 the upper limit of that range).
After the menu item
"Tolerances".
has been activated, the function
"í Tolerance"
in the tolerance menu must be clicked-on. Upon the request
Identify a horizontal segment of the workpart contour
the desired area on the workpart can be identified. The subsequent dialogue serves to enter a tol-
erance according to the DIN standard (e.g. H8, k7) and to determine the position of the machining
tolerance in the tolerance range from O% to 100%:
Tolerance: .... Position in the tolerance range (0- 100): ...
A toggle switch serves to activate either the tolerances or the nominal dimension. If the tolerance
dimension is the active state (marked in colour), the machining allowance is accounted for with the
program generation. The menu function
"Tol.-Info" (Information on Tolerances)
serves to display the tolerance dimensions "lower Iimit’, "upper limit" and "machining allowance".
When upon the prompt
"Identify polygon entity with tolerance information’’
an entity has been picked, the following information will be displayed (example):
diameter tolerance 66 h7, Position 50%,

tolerance dimension active
and after> F1 <is actuated:
tolerance dimension 65.985, interference 66, undersize 65.97
The function
"Del. Tol." (Delete tolerances)
serves to delete the entered tolerances.
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MTS Turning
11.2.2. Detail Contour Entities
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Ins. Roundg. Insert rounding
Ins Chamfer Insert chamfer
Ins. Clearnc Insert clearance cut
Del. Roundg. Delete rounding
Del. Chamfer Delete chamfer
Del. Clearnc Delete clearance cut
Rough Cont. Rough Contour Menu
Displ. Det. Display detailed contour
Views Views Menu
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MTS Turning
Details of a contour, such as chamfers, roundings or clearance cuts often are omitted from the
workshop drawing, being only indicated in text notations, conforming to DIN or a manufacturer s
standard. To generate an NC program however, the applicable entities must be included in the
drawing. This can be effectuated by invoking the
"Detail Menu" Menu for contour details (Finishing)
from the PST Main Menu. It should be noted that these are temporary modifications - after quitting
the PST the original state of the drawing will be restored.
The Contour Detail Menu allows the insertion of roundings, chamfers and clearance cuts:
Example: Contour drawn with and without detail contour entities
11.2.3.1. Roundings
After the menu item
"Ins. Roundg." (Insert Rounding)
in the Contour Detail Menu has been activated, the user will be prompted in the dialogue line:
Identify workpart corner !.
After the corner at which an arc is to be inserted has been picked with the cursor, the system ex-
pects the input of the arc radius (in mm):
Arc Radius: ....
The applicable value must be entered and confirmed. Now the detail contour entity will be drawn.
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11.2.3.2. Chamfers
After the menu item
"Ins Chamfer" (Insert chamfer)
in the Contour Detail Menu has been activated, the user will be prompted in the dialogue line:
Identify workpart corner !.
After the corner at which a chamfer is to be inserted has been picked with the cursor, the system
expects the input of the chamfer length (in mm):
Chamfer length: ....
The applicable value must be entered and confirmed. Now the detail contour entity will be drawn.
11.2.2.3. Insert Clearance Cut
To insert a clearance cut, the function
"Ins. Clearnc" (Insert clearance cut)
is selected in the Contour Detail Menu. Next the type of clearance cut to be inserted will be queried:
<F1> Clearance cut DIN 509 Type E,

<F2> Type F,
<F3> Thread undercut(DIN 76) !
Depending on the notations in the drawing a type of clearance cut must be selected by actuating the
respective function key. The subsequent input request is:
Identify workpart corner for clearance cut !.
If a clearance cut according to DIN 509 Type E or F shall be inserted, the radius, length and depth
will be indicated, as defined by the respective DIN Standard and the specified radius:
Radius: .... Depth: ... Length: ...
Concurrently the message
Accept <F1>, Selection <F2>
is displayed. If the user wants to accept the actual values, he can do so by striking <F1>, otherwise
the available sets of values can be scrolled by operating <F2>. To adopt a desired set <F1> must
be actuated once again.
Additionally a machining allowance can be specified, which will augment the cutting depth by the
value entered and effect appropiate modifications of the clearance cut.
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When a thread undercut in accordance with DIN 76 is concerned, after a corner of the workpart has
been identified, the length and depth of the clearance cut will be indicated according to the diameter
and the DIN standard.
Length: .... Depth: ....
Unlike to the clearance cuts according to DIN 509 these values can be edited by the user.
After all values have been confirmed the clearance cut will be drawn.
11.2.2.4. Deleting Detail Contour Entities
The menu items:
"Del. Roundg." (Delete Rounding),
"Del. Chamfer" (Delete Chamfer) and
"Del. Clearnc" (Delete Clearance Cut).
can be selected to delete the respective detail contour entity. Upon the prompt
Identify detail contour entity !
the identified entity will be deleted.
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11.3. Machining Cycles
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Fin. Contour Switch pos.: Final Part
Contour Rough Cont. Switch pos:
Rough Contour Views Views Menu
Straight Rgh. Straight Roughing Cycle G81
Square Rgh. Square Roughing Cycle G82
Cont rough Contour-parallel Roughing Cycle G83
Finish Finishing
Drill Deep Drilling Cycle G84
Centre Centring
Recess Recessing Cycle G79
Thread Thread Cutting Cycle G31
Rapid Trav. Rapid Traverse Mode
PST Main Return to the PST-Main Menu
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After all preparatory procedures for the programming system and the necessary technology
amendments to the drawing have been completed, the menu ’item
"Mach. Menu" (Machining Menu)
can be activated in the PST Main Menu.
The following machining cycles are available:
square roughing, straight roughing and contour parallel roughing; finishing, recessing, deep drilling,
thread cutting and centring. After selecting one of these cycles, NC blocks in accordance with the
MTS-Syntax can be generated (See Appendix: Description of the MTS-Syntax).
11.3.1. Preparations for Roughing Cycles

To facilitate the interactive procedure when generating a roughing cycle it is recommendable to hide
all detail entities of a contour. This can be effected by operating the switch:
"Rough Cont."
"Fin. Contour"
When
"Rough Cont."
is clicked-on, after an automatic reinstatement of the screen the contour will be displayed without its
Detail Contour Entities, i.e those entities which have been inserted by application of the Contour
Detail Menu, such as arcs, chamfers and clearance cuts.
By selecting
"Fin. Contour" (Final Part Contour)
this hiding of entities from the screen display can be undone. The screen will be reinstated again
and the contour displayed with ail the entities that have been attached to it when the Contour Detail
Menu was applied.
The actual switch position is marked in colour.
When recesses are part of a contour, which are to be generated by a recessing cycle subsequent to
a roughing and/or finishing cycle, the contour tracing procedure can be much facilitated by hiding
those recesses. To effect this, the function
"Recess"
can be clicked-on, prior to activating the respective roughing or finishing cycle, in the "Machining
Menu". Among the functions of the Recessing Submenu is
"Hide Recess" (hide recesses)
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When this function is activated, the next input prompt to appear will be
Identify recess !.
After the recess to be blinded out has been picked with the cursor, the contour will be actualized
and redrawn without the recess. This procedure can be repeated with each desired recess. Re-
displaying the recesses can be effected analogously. After the function
"Displ.Recess" (Display recess)
has been selected, all recesses can be displayed again. Upon the prompt
Identify recess to be redrawn !
the desired entity must be identified, whereupon the the contour display will be actualized.
To quit the Recess Menu, select
"Mach. Menu"
11.3.2. Selection of Tools and Turrets
After a first machining cycle has been selected for a workpart, the system invokes the Turning
Toolsand Turret Management. The user may now select one of the following options:
generating (<F3>), selecting (<F4>), renaming (<F6>), copying(<F7>) or deleting (<F8>) of turrets.
In the TPS a variety of turrets can be generated and loaded w’ith different sets of tools as desired
by the user. It is recommendable, for instance, to define a turret with a standard set of tools for
each type of machine tool employed. If later on an NC program generated in the TPS is to be
translated by the help of a postprocessor into a specific control language and subsequently trans-
mitted to the corresponding machine tooi, the user can select the appropriate turret already while
employing the TPS. Time-consuming tooling procedures during the configuration of the postproces-
sor-run can be dispensed with. As all modules of the MTS CAD/CAM System access the same tool
administration an error-free data transfer between these modules is ensured.
Generate turret <F3>: After entering a turret name into the display form "Generate Turret", the
number of tool positions must be determined. Actuating <FS> generates the new turret..
Select tunet <F4>: To employ one of the turrets listed in the turret selection, it must be identified by
use of the cursor keys and accepted by pressing <F4>,
Rename turret <F6> : To rename a turret, the new name must be entered into the display form
"Rename Turret", which is invoked by <F6>. Strike <F8> to confirm the new name.
Copy turret <F7> : The function "Copy Turret" serves to generate a new turret with a set of tools as
is mounted in a previously generated turret. After identifying this existing turret in the turret
selectionby use of the cursor keys, <F7> invokes the display form "Copy Turret", into which
the name of the new turret must be entered. Press <F8> to accept.
Delete turret <F8> : Overwriting, i.e. deleting a selected turret is effected by actuating <F8>.
When a new turret has been generated or an existing turret has been selected, that turret and its
set of tools will be graphically displayed. To select one of the available tools for the actual machin-
ing cycle the respective tool position must be identified by use of the cursor keys (the selection will
appear highlighted). Actuating <F8> confirms the selection.
To edit the set of tools in a turret, the MTS Tools Management (which is the same with INCAD and
the Simulator) must be invoked by actuating <F1>. If none of the tools available in the tools man-
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agement seems applicable to the actual cutting operation, a subprogram "Edit Tools" for generating
or editing tools can be invoked by pressing <F2>.
If a too) has been selected which is not suitable for the current machining, an appropriate error
message will appear when quitting the turret menu, prompting the user to select a different tool,
11.3.3. Straight Roughing Cycle

When the function "Straight Roughing Cycle" is selected, a machining cycle for lengthwise rough
turning with optional finished contour will be generated in accordance with the MTS Syntax Com-
mand G81 (See Appendix: Description of the MTS Syntax)
When
"Straight Rgh." (Straight Roughing Cycle)
has been activated, a turret has been configurated and a tool selected (as described in 11.3.1.), the
following queries concerning technology- and infeed data will appear in the dialogue line:
Coolant: Y/N Feedrate:...
Const. Sp. . Y / N (Constant cutting speed)

If Const.Sp.: Y m/min:...
Cr it. Sp..... (Critical speed: maximum rotation with constant cutting speed) If
Const.Sp.: N Rev/min:...
Move to the tool change point. Y/N

(MTS-Syntax command G26 will be generated, i.e. moving to the configurated
tool change point in the rapid traverse mode (straight line interpolation))
CRC. Y/N
(Activate cutter radius compensation, e.g. to machine a contour without finishing
allowance or when relieve cuts result from the contour geometry) Depending on
the position of the tool in relation to the contour, the cutter radius compensation
will be activated (G41 /G42) prior to the contour description and de-activated
(G40) after the contour input has been completed. (See Appendix: MTS Com-
mand Code)
Auto Rgh. . Y/N

(Automatic Roughing of the selected contour, i.e. after completion of the tech-
nology input for roughing the following message will appear:
Technology input for roughing !
After confirming this message a different tool can be selected, if necessary, from the set mounted
to the turret. The appropriate technology data must be entered. In the program a finishing cycle with
cutter radius compensation will be automatically genererated, subsequent to the roughing cycle)
Fin. all. Z...

(Finishing allowance in the Z-direction)
Fin. all. X...
(Finishing allowance in the X-direction) The input concerning technology and infeed
data is thereby terminated.
The input concerning technology and infeed data is thereby terminated.
As a next step the contour to be machined must be determined.
The following input request will appear in the dialogue line:
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Enter start point or press <F2> to capture a contour point !
To define a contour point as a start point, actuate <F2> and pick the desired point with the cursor.
If instead a point on the contour or off the contour is desired as a start point, it can be easily se-
lected with the cursor, according to the defined capture criterion. In each case the menu "Geom.
Def." (Geometry Definition Menu) will be invoked.
In this menu there is an option of switching over between tolerance dimensions and nominal dimen-
sions as well as between rough contour and finished contour. The respective current switch position
will be marked in colour after having been clicked-on.
The orientation of the tracing of the contour is dependent on the machining cycle and the tool se-
lected. There is only one exception to this: if a copying tool is to be employed, the machining orien-
tation will be queried.
To edit the default orientation. actuate the switch
"Orientation"
in the "Geom. Def." Menu. Each clicking-on will reverse the orientation.
The following functions serve to trace the selected contour:
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"Capture": By positioning the cursor, a contour point can be trapped, up to which the contour
shall be traced (starting from the actual position). The starting point must of course
be situated on the contour. Voraussetzung ist, daá man auf der Kontur steht.
Please note: If, between the starting and the end point, there are contour entities
which, in the case of back-off cutting, would result in a collision due to the tool ge-
ometry, the following error message will appear:
Invalid cutter path !
The contour will be traced up to the last point that can be machined collision-free.
"Cont. par.": From the actual beginning point up to the next defined target point the cutting
will be effected parallel to the previous contour segment - the> previous contour
segment <being the part contour between the start point and the previous point.
After selecting "Cont. par." the user will be prompted:
Project onto contour <F2>, or enter end point !
Actuating <F2> serves to select the nearest parallel contour point. Alternately a
target point can be determined by positioning the cursor, according to the de-
fined capture criterion.
"X-parallel": The target point is situated parallel to the X-axis, relative to the previous point.
Identifying this point is effected analogous to the procedure described above.
"Z-parallel": The target point is situated parallel to the Z-axis, relative to the previous point.
Identifying this point is effected analogous to the procedure described above.
"Previous": Return to the previous contour point.
"Next": If the beginning point is a contour point, the next contour point marking the transi-
tion of two contour entities will be trapped.
If the beginning point is not situated on the contour, activating this function causes the following
error message:
Function cannot be executed !
If the entered point is situated within the workpait contour, the following message will appear:
The point is situated within the contour; strike <F1> to con-

firm, or cancel <F2> !.
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When the contour has been successfully traced, by applying the above described functions, the
menu item
"Term."
can be selected, to terminate the procedure.

In most cases the selected contour segments will be situated within the blank contour. To ensure a
collision-free machining, the beginning and end point of the contour must be situated outside the
blank or on its edge. This can be effected by invoking the "Approach/Retreat Menu". After the ap-
proach point and retreat point have been entered, the so-called "cycle invocation point" is computed
from these two points, i.e. the point which will be approached in the rapid traverse mode when a
cycle is invoked. With straight and contour parallel roughing cycles this point will be established
from the Z-coordinate of the approach point und the X-coordinate of the end point. Accordingly with
cross roughing cycles the Z-coordinate of the end point and the X-coordinate of the beginning point
are considered. Given ceitain conditions, this point may prove invalid as a "cycle invocation point".
In this case the user may edit the coordinates of this point.
After all entries concerning the contour have been completed and the "Approach/Retreat Menu" has
been invoked, the>approach strategy<must be defined. Upon the prompt:
Approach Strategy:
a point outside the actual workpait must be specified, from which the tool shall approach, in the feed
mode, the beginning point which has been defined in the course of the input of contour data. The
options of the "Approach/Retreat Menu" are the following:
"Point Input": Depending on the defined capture criterion any point can be selected by positioning
the cursor. With external cutting the selected point must confirm to the following
conditions: its Xcoordinate must be less or equal the X-value of the first point en-
tered in the contour input procedure. With internal cutting the X-coordinate of this
point must be greater or equal the X-value of the beginning point. In any case the
point must be situated outside the currently machined pait contour.
"Par.X-Axis": Only the X-coordinate of the entered point is interpreted; the Z-coordinate will be
that of the first contour point.
"Par.Z-Axis": Only the Z-coordinate of the entered point is interpreted; the X-coordinate will be
that of the first contour point.
"Contour Par.":If a point is entered in the direction of the line which connects the first and the sec-
ond point of the contour, the x-coordinate of the entered point will be adopted. If the
first point ist situated on a circular arc a tangent will be affixed to the arc at this
point.
After the stait point of the approach strategy has been succesfully entered, the reference point for
the retreat strategy will be queried:
Retreat strategy:
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Now the final point of the actual contour is to be entered; it must be situated on the blank contour or
outside of that contour. The entry options are as with the input of the beginning point.
After the input has been completed, the following message will appear:
Accept <Fl>, New start and end points <F2>, Abort <F3> !
Example: Straight Roughing Cycle (AP = Approach Point, RP = Retraction Point, CIP = Cycle
Invocation Point)
The defined stait and end points can be edited by actuating <F2>. To aboit the whole cycle, press
<F3>. <F1> serves to confirm the entered point; the surface to be machined in the current cycle will
then appear hatched in the display. Also the cycle invocation point and the surface determined by it
can be confirmed by <F1>. To shift the invocation point in the X-direction -- e.g. in the case of non-
monotonous contours -- after striking <F2> the user is requested to identify the cycle invocation
point. The x-coordinate of that point will be adopted and the surface will be modified accordingly.
After the final confirmation of the point, the prompt:
<Fl> to continue !
must be answered. The workpart contour will then be actualized according to the defined machin-
ing, which completes the current cycle input.
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11.3.4. Contour-parallel Roughing Cycle (Repeated Cycle)
When the contour-parallel roughing cycle is activated, the repeated cycle G83 according to the MTS
Command Code will be generated. Depending on the programmed infeed the geometry pro-
grammed from G83 to G80 will be machined repeatedly (See Appendix: Description of the MTS
Syntax).
Example:
Technology and feed motion data must be entered as described for the straight roughing cycle. As
an additional feature the cutter path limitation will be queried:
Path Lim.: (Cutter path limitation)
When entering "Y", the additional block G36 will be generated at the cycle invocation point. This
block effects that when the cycle is executed the tool will not move further in the x-direction than to
the invocation point. (See Appendix: Description of the MTS Syntax). All fuither entries are to be
effected as described above for the straight roughing cycle.
Example: Straight Roughing Cycle (AP = Approach Point, RP = Retraction Point, CIP = Cycle
Invocation Point, 1.P = 1st. contour point)
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11.3.5. Cross Roughing Cycle
Activating this menu item effects the generation of a a cutting cycle parallel to the x-axis, with op-
tional following contour. (Block G82 - See Appendix: Description of the MTS Syntax). This cycle can
be applied for internal as well as external machining.
Travel limit.: (Travel limitation)
The input of technology and feed motion data is analogous to the procedure described above for
the straight roughing cycle. When entering the the contour, please note that the first point must be
that, which is situated farthest away from the cycle invocation point. With all other entries concern-
ing the contour and the definition of beginning and end points please proceed as described above.
Example: Without travel limitation Example: With travel limitation
11.3.6. Finishing
Activating the menu item "Finishing" effects the generation of a machining cycle (G41 /G42; See
Appendix: Description of the MTS Syntax) with cutter radius compensation. If clearance cuts
(according to DIN 509 or DIN 76), which have been generated by applicationof the Finish Contour
Menu, are pait of the identified contour, the applicable cycles will be generated according to the
MTS Syntax (G78 - See Appendix: Description of the MTS Command Code).
The input of technology and feed motion data is analogous to the procedure described above for
the straight roughing cycle. Input requests concerning cutter radius compensation and automatic
finishing are not applicable here.
In addition to left-hand and right-hand corner tools, also recessing tools can be employed with this
cycle.
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11.3.7. Drilling
After activating "Drilling" in the machining menu, the user can decide whether the drilled hole shall
be generated by block G01 or by a deep-drilling cycle.
Deep drilling cycle Y/N
If "Y" is entered, the deep-drilling cycle G84 with optional dwell-times will be generated, i.e. a series
of drilling operations will be executed (See Appendix: Description of the MTS Syntax).
If "N" is entered the G01 block will be generated.
There are two ways to define a drilled hole: either an existing hole diameter is identified in the
drawing, or an appropriate drill is selected. Defining a drill will be the applicable solution especially
with holes of a large diameter, where rough drilling becomes necessary. After activating "Drilling" in
the menu, the following prompt will be displayed:
Identify hole diameter or actuate

<F2> to define a drilling tool ! (optional drill)
After an applicable diameter has been identified (w’tth the cursor) and confirmed by actuating <F1>,
the diameter dimension will be indicated.
Hole diameter= ... <F1> to accept
If the indicated value has been accepted (or else a drill has been defined in the previous dialogue)
the applicable tool in the turret must be selected (or else the desired tool must be mounted to the
turret). Valid tools are spiral drills or disposable-inseit drills. After the tool has been specified, the
technology parameters will be queried:
Coolant Y/N
Feedrate:
Rev. /min: (Speed)
Move to the tool change point: Y/N
Degression: nnn (After each cycle the drilling depth is reduced by the value D, but it
can never fall short of the minimum depth D.
lst depth: nnn (Drilling depth during the first cutting cycle)
Dwe 11 T. A : nnn (Dwell time B for chip-removal after tool-retraction[sec]) Dwell
T. B : nnn (Dwell time B for chip-breaking [sec])
After this data has been entered the user will be prompted to define the end point of the drilling:
Identify end point !
This identification can be effected by positioning the cursor on a point in the drawing or by entering
the point coordinates numerically. After this entry has been completed, the surface to be bored will
be displayed on the screen. When the user has confirmed his entries the blank contour will be ac-
tualized.
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Example: Deep Drilling Cycle
11.3.8. Centring
The item "Centring" in the machining menu serves to generate centre holes on the front face of the
blank. After invocation of this submenu, a tool in the turret must be selected, or the desired tool
must be mounted to the turret. After a tool has been specified, the technology data is queried:
Coolant Y/N
Feedrate: nnn Rev./min: nnn
Approach the tool-change point: Y/N
The next prompt will be:
Enter the position of the centre hole.
An arrow will be displayed, which can be moved with the cursor. This arrow must be positioned on
the desired point in the Z-direction. The centre hole must be situated on the centre line. The x-value
will therefore be considered as 0.
Example: Positioning of a centre hole
The final input prompt regards the depth of the centre hole :
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Centre hole depth: nnn
The contour will not be actualized, instead the position of the centring is graphically marked in the
drawing by an arrow. On the programming level G00 commands for positioning the tool, a G01
command for execution of the centring and a G00 command for tool retraction are being generated.
11.3.9. Recess
Activating "Recess" in the Machining Cycles Menu serves to generate a recess (including chamfers
,
roundings and slanted flanks ), employing the recessing cycle G79 according to the MTS command
code (See Appendix: Description of the MTS-Syntax). After selecting the menu item "Recess", a
special recessing menu will be invoked, which offers - in addition to the functions for hiding and
redisplaying recesses, as described above in paragraph 11.2.1- the option of generating a recess-
ing cycle.
"Gen. Cycle"
After this function has been activated, the following prompt is displayed:
Identify recess or actuate <F2> to display the recess ! A tool in the turret must be selected. If the
selected recessing tool proves inapplicable (e.g. for being too wide), an appropriate error message
appears and a different tool must be specified. Subsequently the technology data is queried:
Coolant Y/N
Feedrate: nnn
m/min: nnn
Cr it. Speed : nnn (Critical rotation speed)
C learnc. . nnn (Clearance: safe distance of the tool from the workpart
prior to the cycle invocation)
Z-Allownc. . nnn (Allowance in the Z-direction)

Diam. All. : nnn (Allowance in the X-direction, with reference to the diameter)
After completion of these entries, the surface of the recess will be displayed. Confirmation by
pressing <F1> effects the actualization of the blank.
Example: Recessing Cycle
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11.3.10. Threading Cycle

Activating the menu item ’Thread" (Threading Cycle G31 ) serves to generate taper threads with a
constant lead at a maximum angle of 45ø relative to the Z-axis. This cycle may be employed for
external as well as for internal machining (See Appendix: Description of the MTS Command Code).
Subsequent to the activation of 'Thread" in the menu, one of the tools in the current turret must be
selected or else the tool management be invoked to specify a new tool. .After completion of this
operation the technology data will be queried:
Coolant Y/N
m/min: nnn Crit. Speed: nnn
or
Rev./min: nnn
The next message prompts the user to identify the surface into which the thread is to be cut:
Identify surface !
After the surface has been marked, the thread geometry will be queried. Depending on the diameter
a number of default standard values according to DIN are being displayed. The user may edit these
values in an interactive input procedure:
Thr. ang. = nnn (Thread angle to the X-axis - infeed direction)
Depth= nnn (Threading depth with reference to the radius)
Lead= nnn (Lead in the Z-direction)
No. of cuts= nnn (Number of cutting operations)
Finally the beginning and end point of the threading cycle must be determined:
Enter the first point of the cycle !

Enter the second point of the cycle !
These points may either be identified by positioning the cursor or their coordinates numerically en-
tered. After completion of these entries, a line will be displayed to represent the thread.
Example: Threading Cycle
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11.3.11. Rapid Traverse

To move the current tool in the rapid traverse mode, the menu item "Rapid Traverse" can be acti-
vated. The subsequent prompt queries the end point of the rapid traverse:
Enter end point of rapid traverse !
Next the approach strategy is queried:
Approach strategy: linear interpolation <F1>,

axiallyparallel sequence XZ <F2>,
axially-parallel sequence ZX <F3> !
The number of G00 commands generated is dependent on the above selection: actuating <F1>
generates one, actuating <F2> or <F3> generates two commands. With <F2>, <F3> the tool will be
moved axially parallel, respectively in the X-direction and then in the Z-direction or in the reverse
order,
This function can be employed to move the tool to the tool-change point or alternately to retract the
tool at program end.
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11.4. Views
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Prev. Window Previous window
Next Window Next window
Zoom Set zooming factor
Zoom Window Set zooming window
Pan Set window centre ("Panorama")
Fit Fit
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The submenu "Views" which is part of the PST Main Menu as well as of the Machining Menu con-
tains the following functions concerning the screen display:.
"Prev. WindoW’ Cf. Section 5.12.
"Next Window"’ Cf. Section 5.12.
"Zoom Factor’ Cf. Section 5.9.
"Zoom Window"’ Cf. Section 5.8.
"Panorama" Cf. Section 5.11.
"Fit" Cf. Section 5.10
"Total view" Display of workpart, blank and clamping device.
"Workpart" Display of subsequent views of the workpart: full sec-

tion, external view, half section.
"Blank" Display of the blank in full section
Example: Workpart and Blank
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11.5. Switches
11.5.1. Switching the Contour Type: Rough Contour / Finished Contour
The switches for displaying either the rough contour or the finished contour are available in the PTS
Main Menu and in the Machining Cycles Menu, as well as during the generation of machining cy-
cles.
When roughing cycles are generated, it may be convenient to hide the Detail Contour Entities from
the contour for the time being. This can be effected by actuating the Rough Contour / Finished
Contour switch. When
"Rough Contour"
is clicked-on, the contour will be displayed with all Detail Contour Entities blinded-out.
Activating
"Final Contour"
reverses the above operation: all Detail Contour Entities are re-displayed.
The actual switch position is marked in colour.
11.5.2. Switching the Type of Dimension: Nominal Dimensions/ Toler-

ance Dimensions
The switch for alternating nominal and tolerance dimensions is available in the ’Tolerance Menu" as
well as during the generation of machining cycles. The actual switch position is marked in colour;
the tolerance dimension is displayed in colour, when active.
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11.6. Machining States
Each machining state can be displayed, edited or deleted.
With each maching operation (cycle) a paitial surface will be cut off from the blank. The resulting
partial machined surfaces are overlaying the differential surface of the workpart and the blank, i.e. a
number of remaining blank surfaces will be produced. These are called machining states, and their
sequence is according to the automatically generated flow chait/process sheet.
11.6.1. Display of Machining States
"Next" This function serves to display the existing states of machining in the order of their genera-
tion, starting from the current state. Each displayed state of machining is designated in the
dialogue line. Concurrently the screen will be reinstated to show the actual blank contour.
"Previous" This function serves to scroll backwards the existing maching states; the procedure is
analogous to "Next".
"Orig. State" The original state, prior to the first machining, is displayed and defined as the current
state.
"Final State" The final state, after the last cycle, is displayed and defined as the current state.
To have the partial surface displayed which corresponds with the actual machining state, the func-
tion
"Displ. Curr." (Display the current state of machining).
can be activated in the PST Main Menu. The machined surface is marked in colour; it can be hid-
den from the display by actuating <F1>.
11.6.2. Editing a State of Machining
After a machining state to be edited has been selected (as described above), activating the menu
function
"Edit".
serves to edit the applicable technology parameters, which will be displayed in the dialogue line.
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MTS Turning
11.6.3. Deleting a State of Machining
There are two options of deleting machining states: either a specific machining state or all states
subsequent to a selected state (up to the final state) can be deleted. Please note that deleting sin-
gle machining states may result in machining inconsistencies, e.g. when a rough drilling cycle pre-
ceding an internal cutting cycle is deleted.
As described above in 11.6.1. a state of machining must be selected. If this state alone is to be
deleted, the function
"Delete".
can be activated. The applicable machining surface will be displayed. <F1> confirms the deletion,
<F3> cancels the operation.
If all machining subsequent to the selected state shall be deleted. the function
"Del. Subs."
must be activated. The following prompt will appear:
Delete all subsequent machining states <Fl>, Cancel <F3>.
Please make sure that you indeed intend to delete all subsequent machining states, before actuat-
ing <F1>.
11.6.4. Inserting a State of Machining
To insert a new machining cycle, first a state of machining must be selected (as described above in
11.6.1 ) after which the new machining is to be inserted. After completing this selection, the ma-
chining menu can be invoked to generate the desired cycle. Please consider, that some of the sub-
sequent existing maching states may have to be edited as a consequence of the insertion.
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MTS Turning
11.7. NC-Program Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Displ. Curr. Display the current program
Displ. Prg. Display program
Gen. Prg. Generate program
PST Main Return to the TPS Main Menu
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MTS Turning
The NC-Program Menu, which can be invoked from the PST Main Menu, serves to generate and
store a program, as well as to display the currently generated or any other program
11.7.1. Dispiay the Current Program
To have a view on the currently generated NC - program before finally confirming the programming,
the function
"Displ. Curr." (Dispiay current program)
can be activated.
The current program will be displayed on the screen.
The following functions ar available to guide the user through the displayed program:
"Statistics" The following statistical information concerning the program will be indi-
cated:
"Number of program lines"
"Number of subprograms"
"Number of tool positions"
"Line Start" Move to the beginning of a program line
"Line End" Move to the end of a program line
"Char. Left" Move one character to the left
"Char. Right" Move one character to the right
"Progr. Start" Move to the beginning of the program
"Prev. Page" Previous page
"Prev. Line" Previous line
"Next Page" Next page
"Next Line" Next line
"Progr. End" Move to the program end
"SubProgr." Switch over to a subprogram
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MTS Turning
11.7.2. Display Existing Programs
To display existing programs the menu function
"Displ. Progr." (Display program)
can be activated.
The current drive, the path and the program to be read in must be specified. After confirmation of
these entries, the applicable program will be displayed and can be viewed as described above.
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MTS Turning
11.7.3. Generate an NC Program
After the program generation input procedure has been completed, the current program has been
viewed over and the user has decided to have it generated, the menu function
"Gen. Prg." (Generate program)
must be activated to effect the generation of the program.
The current drive, path and program name will be indicated and must be confirmed by <ENTER>.
The generated program will then be written to the applicable disc or diskette.
11.7.3.1. Double-Face Machining
To machine a workpait from two sides the part must be flipped (by invocating the chucking menu)
after the one side has been cut. Now a program for maching the other side can be generated. Re-
chucking will only be possible after the the final machining state has been executed. If the same
program is meant to apply to both sides of the workpart, the name of the program for machining the
opposite side will be queried after the generation of the program for the one side (see above 11.6.3)
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MTS Milling
12. NC-Programming System for Milling
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Abort Quit the Program Without Storing.
CNC-Editor Invoke the CNC-Editor
Gen. Progr. Generate a New Program
Finish. Data Display the Current Data for Finishing
Rough. Data Display the Current Data for Roughing
Drill. Cycles Invoke the Drilling Cycles Menu
Contours Contour Milling
Pockets/Pins Invoke the Pockets/Pins Menu
Zero Point Set the Zero Point for CNC-Machining
Tools Tool Selection and Magazine Loading
Technologies Select Technology Data for Turning
Adjust. Data Select Tool Adjustment (Infeed) Data
Main Menu Invocate the Main Menu
Transfer of NC-Programs onto the CNC-machine tool can be realized in the "MTS CNC-Simulator
For Turning And Milling" or by invoking one of the directly accessible postprocessors. With the help
of the NC module for milling a CODE according to DIN 66025 but with the extended syntax of the
MTS-programming code can be generated.
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MTS Milling
12.1 Generation of Milling Programs

The NC-programming system for milling is invoked by activating the menu function "Milling Pro-
gram" from the INCAD Main Menu .
Input masks will appear in the two dialogue lines, concerning the input of the following parameters:
- CNC file name,

- Main program [Y/N],
- Incremental [Y/N] and
- Automatic assignation of subprogram names [Y/N]
The input of these parameters is performed as follows:
- CNC file name:

A file name must be entered to denote the file in which the program to be generated
will be stored. The standard file extension for milling programs is "fnc".
- Main program [Y/N]:

"y" or "Y" must be entered if an NC Main Program is to be generated; if not, "n" or "N"
must be entered to create an NC-subprogram.
- Incremental [Y/N]:
When "Incremental = y or Y" is entered, NC-blocks controlling circular arcs will be
generated, with the coordinates of their respective centres not relating to the absolute
origin, but to the applicable starting points.
- Automatic assignation of subprogram names [Y/N]:

When "y" or "Y" is entered, names will be automatically assigned to subprograms cre-
ated during the program generation. When "n" or "N" is entered, a name must be as-
signed to each subprogram to be created.
If an existing program name is chosen to be assigned to a newly generated CNC-file, it must be

determined, whether the existing program shall be retained or be replaced by the new program.
Prior to activating one of the milling menus
- Drilling cycles,
- Contours and
- Pockets/Pins
the specification of
- a tool,
- technology data and
- tool adjustment data
is required. Definition and selection of these parameters is described in the following section of this
manual.
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MTS Milling
12.2 Milling Tools
12.2.1 Display of Magazines

When the menu function "Tools" has been activated, the available tool magazines will be listed in
the active screen window. Each magazine contains a set of tools as is mounted to the turret of a
CNC-milling machine tool. "Select" will be the default active function, when one or more magazines
are available. When there is no magazine available the default active function will be "Def./Edit ",
whereupon a new tool magazine must be generated.
In any case, whether there are already generated tool magazines available or not, the following
input request will appear in the upper dialogue line :
Magazine:
If a new magazine is to be created, a file name must be assigned to it, which is entered via the key-
board into the input mask. If instead an existing magazine is to be selected for further editing, it can
be either be graphically selected or by entering the applicable file name into the input mask.
12.2.2 Set of Tools in a Magazine
Entering the magazine file name activates the "Tool Selection" menu: 16 lines, highlighted in col-
ours, will be displayed in the active window on the screen - each line representing one of the tool
positions in the turret / magazine. The default active menu function is "Rgh. Tool." (Roughing Tool).
Tools may already have been allocated to none, some, or all of the available 16 magazines.
Depending on the size of the screen employed, not all of the 16 lines may be displayed. In this case
the menu functions "Next Page" and "Previous Page" serve to scroll through the magazine posi-
tions.
Selecting a Tool for Roughing or Finishing:
The functions "Rgh. Tool." (Roughing Tool) und "Fin. Tool." (Finishing Tool) serve to specify addi-
tional data concerning tools already allocated to a magazine position. When the applicable maga-
zine position is selected, input of the following parameters will be requested in the two dialogue
lines:
- Offset Value Storage,

- Move to the Tool Change Position [Y/N],
- If necessary: Coordinates of the tool change position,
- If necessary: Sequence of the axes along which the tool change position shall be ap-
proached.
After the appropriate valid parameters have been entered the selected tool is registered as a
roughing,( resp. finishing) tool, which will also be denoted at the applicable magazine position by the
tool name being flagged by one (resp. two) small triangles.
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MTS Milling
Allocation of a Tool to a Magazine Position:
To allocate a tool to an empty magazine position or to change the tool allocation of a magazine
position, the menu function
Def./Edit
must be activated. The magazine position to be edited can then be either graphically selected by
positioning of the cursor or be determined by alphanumerical input of one of the numerals 1 to 16.
This will effect the display of all cutting tools available in the tool magazine of the CNC-Simulator
(see below). One of these tools must now be selected; the default active menu function will be
"Select"
After the desired tool has been allocated to the selected magazine position the 16 lines highlighted
in colours and denoting the magazine positions will be displayed once again - with the new tool now
at its magazine position.
To remove a tool from a magazine position the menu function "remove" is to be activated. The fol-
lowing input request will appear:
Tool in the Magazine Position !
The desired magazine position can now be selected graphically or by entering the applicable posi-
tion number.
12.3 Technology Data
12.3.1 Display Technology Data
When the menu function "Technology Data" has been activated the available technologies will be
listed in the active screen window. "Select" will be the default active function, when one or more
technologies are available. When there is no technology data available the default active function
will be "Def./Edit " whereupon a new technology must be generated.
In any case, whether there are already generated technologies available or not, the following input
request will appear in the upper dialogue line :
Technology :
If a new technology is to be created, a file name must be assigned to it, which is entered via the
keyboard into the input mask. If instead an existing technology is to be selected for further editing, it
can either be selected graphically or by entering the applicable file name into the input mask.
12.3.2 Generate Technology
When a name for the technology to be defined has been entered, input masks for the following
parameters will appear in the active window:
- Feedrate XY-plane [mm/min]:

- Feedrate Z-infeed [mm/min]:
- Constant cutting speed [Y/N]:
- Cutting speed [m/min]:
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MTS Milling
- Spindle speed [R/min]:

- Coolant ON [Y/N]:
The entered name of the technology is displayed as a headline. If "y" or "Y" has been entered into
the input field "constant cutting speed" it is sufficient to enter the cutting speed - the rotation speed
will be computed by the system.
12.4 Tool Adjustment Data
12.4.1 Display of Tool Adjustments
When the menu function "Tool Adjustment Data" (Adjust. Data) has been activated the available
tool adjustments will be listed in the active screen window. "Select" will be the default active func-
tion, when one or more tool adjustments are available. When there is no tool adjustment available
the default active function will be "Def./Edit", wherupon a new tool adjustment must be generated.
In any case, whether there are already generated tool adjustments available or not, the following
input request will appear in the upper dialogue line :
Tool Adjustment:
If a new tool adjustment is to be created, a file name must be assigned to it, which is entered via the
keyboard into the input mask. If instead an existing technology is to be selected for further editing, it
can either be selected graphically or by entering the applicable file name into the input mask.
12.4.2 Generate a Tool Adjustment

This menu item attributes the third dimension to the 2D-INCAD-contours. Already existing tool ad-
justments as well as those currently to be defined, will be successively numbered; if e.g. there are
three adjustments available, the adjustment currently created will receive the number four. Input
masks will appear in the active window for the following parameters:
- retraction plane [mm]:

- clearance plane [mm]:
- total depth [mm]:
- infeed [mm]:
- finishing allowance XY-plane [mm]:
- finishing allowance Z-plane [mm]:
12.5 Define the Zero Point
Zero Menu Function
As a first step a point of the drawing is to be defined as the workpiece zero. Next the machine tool
coordinates of this point plus the Z coordinate must be entered (numeric X- Y- and Z-values). The
first point, as selected in the drawing, will be considered the offset zero; in the NC-program a G54-
command according to the entered machine coordinates is generated.
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MTS Drilling Cycles
12.6 Drilling Cycles Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Rep. Cycles Switch for Machining Cycles G77 resp. G78
Radius Check Switch for checking the relation of the hole

radius to the tool radius
Drilling Machining Cycle G81
Drill Deep 1 Machining Cycle G82
Drill Deep 2 Machining Cycle G83
Tapping Machining Cycle G84
Reaming Machining Cycle G85
Boring Machining Cycle G86
Milling Menu Invoke the Milling Menu
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MTS Drilling Cycles
Machining Cycles
G81 Drilling
G82 Drilling with Chip-Breaking
G83 Deep Drilling
G84 Tapping
G85 Reaming
G86 Boring with tool retraction at spindle standstill
Applicable to all cycles:
Bracketed parameters need not be programmed, but may be specified if required.
Drilling
G81 Z ... (W ..)
Z Drilling depth plus clearance distance, incremental

W 2nd level (clearance) incremental
Drilling with Chip-Breaking
G82 Z .. (W ..) (B ..) (C ..) (D ..) K ..

W 2nd level (Clearance) incremental
B Dwell time on drilling level for face drilling and chip-breaking
C Tool retraction after drilling cycle
D Degression (of drilling depths)
K 1st drilling level
For a detailed explanation of D (Degression) see the next paragraph G83 (Deep Drilling).
Deep Drilling
G83 Z .. (W ..) (A ..) (B ..) (C ..) (D ..) K ..
as G82 plus retraction of the tool from the hole after each drilling operation, for chip removal.

A Dwell time off the hole, for chip-removal
B Dwell time on drilling level for surface drilling and chip-breaking
C Tool retraction after drilling cycle
D Degression: Drilling depth is reduced by D with each cycle, but will
not fall short of D.
Special case: If the remaining drilling depth is a value in between single and double
degression, it will be split into two degressions of the same value.
Programming D is always dependent on the programming of K.

K 1st drilling level
Example: G83 Z - 105.000 K + 035.000 D + 015.000
Tapping (Alternate Sense of Spindle Rotation)
G84 Z .. (W ..)
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MTS Drilling Cycles

Reaming (Tool Retraction with Rotating Spindle)
G85 Z .. (W ..)

W 2nd level incremental
Boring with Tool Retraction and Spindle Stop
G86 Z .. (W ..)

W 2nd level incremental
The functions of this menu serve to generate the machining cycles as listed above in the survey of
commands.
By activating the switch
Rep. Cycles
the following repeated cycles can be generated as machining cycles:
- Drilling patterns on circles (arcs) (G77) and

- Drilling patterns on straight lines (G78)
With the switch "Repeated Cycles" not operative, cycles G81 - G86 will be generated as standard
machining cycles with a G79 command.
When the switch
Radius Check
is operative, the drawing geometry is linked up with the tool geometry. Drilling cycles will be gener-
ated if the tool nose radius is identical with the hole radius. If the radii are not identical an error
message will appear; no further holes can be identified.
How to proceed with the generation of drilling cycles:
With one of the above listed drilling cycles selected, the user will be required to identify drilling
holes. The following prompt will appear in the upper dialogue line:
Identify holes !, Terminate with <F2> ! .
Full circles must now be identified in the drawing; these will be automatically highlighted and remain
marked until the identification of holes is terminated by pressing the <F2> key on the keyboard.
Identification of holes is also dependent on the current state of the menu function "Repeated Cy-
cles" (Rep. Cycles). If this function is operative the order of the identification of holes must be con-
sidered, because, depending on the identification sequence, the generation of drilling patterns will
be automatically established either on a straight line or on a circle. If the function "Repeated Cycles"
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MTS Drilling Cycles
is de-activated an NC block will be generated for each identified hole - while terminating the function
by <F2> is no longer required.
To establish a drilling pattern on a circle a G77 command is generated, with the following parame-
ters:
G77 X .. Y .. A .. B .. D ..S
X, Y Coordinates of the Polar Centre (X,Y),

A Starting Angle to the Positive X-Axis (A),
B Radius of the Circle(B),
D Differential Angle (D) and
S Number of Holes (S)
Example: G77 X100 Y100 A30 B80..D72..S5
Diagram: G77 Repeated Cycle/ Drilling Pattern on a Circle
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MTS Drilling Cycles
To establish a drilling pattern on a straight line a G78 command is generated, with the following
parameters:
G78 X .. Y .. I .. J ..S
X, Y Coordinates of the centre of the first hole (X,Y),

I Shift in the X-direction (I),
J Shift in the X-direction (J) and
S the number of holes(S)
Example:
G78 X100 Y100 I28 J15..S3
Example: G78 Repeated Cycle/ Drilling Pattern on a Straight Line
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MTS Contours
12.7 Contour Generation Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
CRC Activate Cutter Radius Compensation Switch
G41 / G42 Switch for Offset to the Right/ to the Left (only
when CRC is operative)
Rap.Tr. Feed Switch for Approaching the First Point in the

Rapid Traverse or Feed Mode
Orientation Edit the Orientation of a Contour Selected in

the Menu Item NC-Contour
NC-Prt. Cont Generate an NC-Program Part for a Partial

Contour
NC-Contour Generate an NC-Program Part for a Contour
Menu Milling Invocate the Milling Menu
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MTS Contours
The Contour Generation Menu serves to generate NC-programs for contour milling, with or without
cutter radius compensationcutter radius compensation.
Prior to the activation of this menu
- the roughing tool to be employed,

- the roughing technology parameters and
- the infeed data
must have been defined. If this is not the case an error message will prompt the user to define the
missing parameter.
There are three switches available with this menu:
Rap.Tr./Feed:
The tool will approach the first contour point in the rapid traverse (G00) resp. in the
feed mode (G01).
CRC:
Cutter radius compensation (CRC) is accounted for with the program generation.
G41/G42:
This switch can only be operative with the CRC switch active. With the contour milling
either one of commands G41 or G42 will be generated. G41 denotes the offset to the
left of the contour, G42 stands for offset to the right. Additional input is required, con-
cerning the programming of G-functions for approach and retraction of the tool.
If "y" is the answer to the system prompt (y/n) concerning the approach dimensions ,
an applicable G-command must be entered as well as the additional value A, which
may have different effects, as listed below:
- Command G45 : A = Distance (Linear approach)

- Command G46 : A = Diameter (Tangential approach on a semicircle)
- Command G47 : A = Radius (Tangential approach on a quadrant)
Input options for approach and retraction are the same.
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MTS Contours
12.7.1 Generate Partial Contour
NC Part.Cont. Menu Function

Rap.Tr. Feed Switch
CRC Switch
G41/G42 Switch
Different from the subsequent function ("Generate NC Contour") only the input defining a partial
contour is required. This is effected by entering a starting and an end point which must be situated
on the same contour. A change of orientation of the selected partial contour can be effected
("manually") by activating the menu function " Edit Orientation". Operating the <F1>-key will then
generate the NC-program for the identified partial contour.
12.7.2 Generate NC-Contour
NC Cont. Menu Function

Rap.Tr./Feed Switch
CRC Switch
G41/G42 Switch
Each entity must be identified at its beginning point; the start and end points of an entity will be al-
ready defined by its geometry data, as with all CAD-entities. The following input request will appear:
Identify NC-Entity at the beginning point !
The orientation of an entity will be altered if the identification point is situated closer to the end point
of the entity than to its beginning point.
The orientation of an object is indicated on the screen by highlighting its end point. With closed
contours also the first part of the contour string will be highlighted.
A change of orientation of a selected contour can be effected ("manually") at anay time, by activat-
ing the menu function " Edit Orientation". Operating the <F1>-key will then generate the NC-
program for the identified entity.
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MTS Menu Pins/Pockets
12.8 Menu: Pins/Pockets
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Cont. Pocket Program Part for Milling of Contour Pockets
Sq. Pocket Machining Cycle G87
Circ. Pocket Machining Cycle G88
Pin Machining Cycle G89
Mill. Menu Invoke the Milling Menu
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MTS Taschen/Zapfenmen
The menu pockets/pins serves to generate NC-programs for
- Contour Pockets
- Square Pockets
- Circular Pockets and
- Pins.
Prior to the activation of this menu
- the tool to be employed,

- technology parameters and
- the infeed data
must have been defined. If this is not the case an error message will require the user to define the
missing parameter.
12.8.1 Contour Pocket

After activation of this function a closed object must be identified (circle, rectangle, closed contour
string or closed fitting curve). In the dialogue lines the following input request will appear:
Identify closed polygon !
After a contour pocket has been identified, the islands must be identified, which should be left out in
the broaching:
Identify island <F1>, Terminate with <F2> !
Any number of islands may be identified (by operating <F1>), on condition that the applicable is-
lands are of the contour type previously specified. To terminate the identification, <F2> is operated.
After all geometry needed for the broaching operation has been identified, a further system prompt
appears:
Sense of operation: Down-cut <F1>, Up-cut <F2> !
The sense of operation with the broaching cycle must be determined.
Subsequently the cutter adjustment point must be determined. The input request
Enter start point !
requests the entry of the point to which the cutter shall be adjusted at the begining of the broaching
operation. Entry of an invalid adjustment point will produce an error message, which must be ac-
knowledged by the user.
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Determining the cutter start point completes the user input; the system will then compute the cutter
paths. This is indicated by the system message:
Computing cutter paths !
When the computing has been successfully completed, the cutter paths are graphically displayed. A
new system message appears:
Generating NC-Program !
indicating, that the applicable NC-Program is being generated. The program will subsequently be
outputted, in the form elementary DIN NC blocks, consisting of G01-, G02- and G03 blocks.
Finally, striking the <F1>-key effects the reinstatement of the screen, and the cutter paths will be
deleted.
Computing the cutter paths is a procedure which uses up a high amount of storage capacity. When
small cutters are employed to broach large pockets, it may occur that the system is short of mem-
ory. In such a case a corresponding error message will be displayed. The user is reccommended to
either geometrically divide the applicable pocket into parts, which can be broached successively, or
to define a larger cutter and restart the broaching.
12.8.2 Square Pocket

When this function is activated, the following prompt will appear in the dialogue lines:
Identify rectangular !
A rectangular must be identified whose corners may be rounded, provided that the rounding radii
are identical.
Now the square pockets cycle G87 is generated, its parameters being the following:
G87 X .. Y .. Z .. W .. B .. I .. K ..
X finished size in X
Y finished size in Y
Z Depth of pockets, incremental plus clearance distance
W 2nd plane (Clearance)
B radius of pocket corner rounding
I depth of cut relative to the the X-, Y-plane in % of the cutter;
Signs: + clockwise, - counterclockwise
K depth of cut relative to Z, Sign - denotes a slot cycle
12.8.3 Circular Pockets

Identify circle !
A Circle or a circular arc of 360 degrees must be identified.
Now the square pockets cycle G87 is generated, its parameters being the following:
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G88 Z .. W .. B .. I .. K ..
Z Depth of pockets, incremental plus clearance distance

B radius
I depth of cut relative to the the X-, Y-plane in % of the cutter; Signs: + clockwise,
- counterclockwise
K Infeed in Z, sign + denotes roughing on a circular path; sign - denotes roughing
on a helical path
12.8.4 Pins
Identify circle !
A Circle or a circular arc of 360 degrees must be identified.
Upon the subsequent input prompt:
Identify a concentric circle !
a further circle or a circular arc of 360 degrees is to be identified, which must have the same centre
as the first arc or circle. If this is not observed, an error message will appear.
With both objects successfully identified, an NC program part is generated for the broaching of the
area enclosed by the inner and outer circles (arcs); the technology applied will be as selected.
The pin milling cycle G89 will be generated, with the parameters as follows:
G89 Z .. W .. B .. C .. I .. K ..
Z Depth of pins incremental plus clearance distance

B pin radius
C external radius, beginning line for the milling
I Depth of cut relative to the X-, Y-plane, in % of the cutter diameter;
Signs: + clockwise, - counterclockwise
K Depth of cut relative to Z; Sign+ : on a circular path
Sign - on a helical path
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MTS Dressing
13. NC-Programming System for Dressing
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Abort Abort Program Without Storing
CNC-Editor Invoke the CNC-Editor
New Progr. Generate a New Program
Contours Dressing Along Contours
CAD/CAM coupling can be realized in the "MTS CNC-Simulator For Turning And Milling" or by in-
voking one of the directly accessible postprocessors. With the help of the NC module for dressing a
CODE according to DIN 66025 but with the syntax extensions of the MTS-programming code can
be generated.
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MTS Dressing
13.1 Generate Dressing Programs

The NC-programming system for dressing is invoked by selecting the menu function "dressing"
from the INCAD-Main Menu.
In the dialogue lines input masks will appear for the input of the following parameters:
- CNC-File Name,
- Main Program[Y/N],
- Incremental [Y/N] and
The input of these parameters is performed as follows:
- CNC file name:
A file name must be entered to denote the file in which the program to be generated
will be stored. The standard file extension for dressing programs is "snc".
- Main program [Y/N]:
"y" or "Y" must be entered if an NC Main Program is to be generated; if not, "n" or "N"
must be entered to create an NC-subprogram.
- Incremental [Y/N]:
When "Incremental = y or Y" is entered, NC-blocks controlling circular arcs will be

generated, with the coordinates of their respective centres not relating to the absolute
origin, but to the applicable starting points.
When "y" or "Y" is entered, names will be automatically assignated to subprograms

created during the program generation. When "n" or "N" is entered, a name must be
assigned to each subprogram to be created.
If an existing program name is chosen to be assigned to a newly generated CNC-file, it must be

determined, whether the existing program shall be retained or be replaced by the new program.
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MTS Dressing
13.2 Contour Generation Menu
SURVEY OF COMMANDS
Rad. / Diam. Switch for Doubling the INCAD y-Coordinate
Rap. / Feed Switch for Approaching the First Point in the

Rapid Traverse or Feed Mode
Edit Axes Edit the Names and Directions of the Main

Axes.
Zero Set the zero point for CNC - Machining
Orientation Edit the Orientation of a Contour Selected in

one of Menu Items NC-Dressing Contour or
Partial Contour
Part.Cont. Generate an NC-Program Part for a Partial

Contour
Dress. Cont. Generate an NC-Program Part for a Contour
Dress. Menu Invoke the Dressing Menu
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MTS Dressing
The Contour Generation Menu serves to generate NC-programs for dressing.
There are two switches available with this menu:
Radius Diam.:
If the "Radius" state of this switch is operative the INCAD y-coordinate value will be doubled.
Rap./Feed:
The tool will approach the first contour point in the rapid traverse (G00) resp. in the
feed mode (G01).
13.2.1 Edit Axes
Edit Axes Menu Function
When this menu function is selected, names and directional adjustments of the main axes (the
default W- and U-Axes) can be edited. First, the name of the first axis must be entered. An arrow
will appear in the screen display, indicating the axis direction. The position of this arrow (i.e. the axis
direction) can now be altered axially parallel by 90ø steps. The desired direction is determined by
operating <F1>. Name and direction of the second axis are to be determined analogically, the only
difference being that now there is only an option of two axis directions (those orthogonal to the first
axis). This procedure allows the transformation of INCAD data to any NC coordinate system.
13.2.2 Generate Partial Contour
Part.Cont. Menu Function

Rad./Diam. Switch
Rap./ Feed Switch
Different from the subsequent function ("Generate NC Dressing Contour") only the input defining a
partial contour is required. This is effected by entering a beginning point and an end point which
must both be situated on the same contour. A change of orientation of the selected partial contour
can be effected ("manually") by activating the menu function "Edit Orientation". Operating the <F1>-
key will then generate the NC-dressing program for the identified partial contour.
13.2.3 Generate NC-Dressing Contour
Dress. Cont. Menu Function

Rad./Diam. Switch
Rap./Feed Switch
Each object must be identified at its beginning point; the start and end points of an entity will be
already defined by its geometry data, as with all CAD-entities. The orientation of an entity will be
altered, if the identification point is set closer to the end point of the entity than to its beginning point.
The orientation of an object is indicated on the screen by highlighting its end point. With closed
contours also the first part of the contour string will be highlighted.
A change of orientation of a selected contour can be effected ("manually") at any time, by activating
the menu function " Edit Orientation".
- 303 -
MTS Dressing
Operating the <F1>-key will then generate the NC-dressing program for the identified entity.
- 304 -
MTS Anhang
14. APPENDIX A: Plotter Ports
14.1 HP 7475A
Parameters for configuration of the HP-7475A-Plotter are the following:
Parity:
S1 0
S2 0
Baud Rate:
B1 0
B2 1
B3 0
B4 1
Further Switches:
D 0 Y
Met 0 US
A4 0 A3
Interface parameters are:

- Baud Rate: 9600
- Parity:N
- Databits: 8
- Stopbits: 1
14.2 HP 7550A
Parameters for configuration of the HP-7550A-Plotter are the following:
- Baud Rate: 9600

- Duplex: Half
- Parity:8 bits off
- Bypass: off
- Handshake: Xon/Xoff direct
- Data Flow: Local Standalone
- Monitor: Mode off
Interface parameters are:
- Baud Rate: 9600

- Parity: N
- Data bits: 8
- Stop bits: 1
- 305 -
MTS Appendix
15. APPENDIX B: Drawing Data Exchange Formats (DXF and IGES)

INCAD supports the DXF and IGES formats, so as to allow the reading of files created in foreign
1;
CAD systems. DXF is a format originally designed for AUTOCAD it is supported in INCAD in the
ASCII version. IGES has been conceived by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards; it is supported
in INCAD in the "fixed format" ASCII-version. All INCAD drawing entities (points, lines, arcs,
polylines and symbols) will be accounted for.’
Information may be lost in the conversion of drawings, namely:
1) When drawings are stored in the DXF or IFES format, the dimensioning and hatching data will be
lost. Only if this information has been stored as a macro (DXF "Block"), it will be retained and con-
sequently read in to INCAD.
2) When stored in a DXF file, each entity of a drawing is allocated to layer (DXF "Layer"). This in-
formation will be ignored when the file is read in to INCAD - only the lines and colour data will be
retained.
Warning and Error Messages:
Should the reading of a DXF or IGES be aborted because of errors in the reading, this will be, in
most cases, due to either the size of, or inconsistencies in the applicable drawings file. If an error
occurs, the operation is aborted and an appropriate error message will be displayed. Normally the
reading-in of files generated in a CAD program should be trouble-free.
In the following a number of error messages are commented:
Message
"Error while writing the symbol to the file"
Cause:
The symbol could not be stored on the disk.
Correction hint:
Edit the path, by invoking the menu "Symbols library".
Message:
Re-create all existing symbols <F1>, ignore <F3>, selec-

tion <F2> !
Cause:
In the DXF or IGES format symbols are stored directly to the file. When the files are read by INCAD
the system will attempt to recreate these symbols and write them to the disk. If the applicable sym-
1
AUTOCAD is a registered trademark of the Autodesk AG, Zürich.
- 306 -
MTS Appendix
bols already exist (e.g. when a file is read the second time), it is up to the user to decide, whether
the existing symbols shall be overwritten.
Message:
Symbol name truncated, press <F1> to continue !
Cause:
INCAD stores symbols in symbol files. The symbol name is identical with the file name. Symbol
names must therefore not exceed eight characters. DXF or IGES symbol names will be truncated
accordingly.
- 307 -
MTS System Configuration
16. APPENDIX C: System Configuration
16.1 Hardware
Hewlett-Packard "HP Vectra" or other IBM-compatible PCs, running MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher,
featuring the following:
640 kB RAM
Coprocessor (recommendable, but not a precondition).
Hard Disk
Diskette (Floppy) Drive
Graphic Tablet DIN A3 / DIN A4, of the following manufacturers:
- Summagraphics
- Videograph
- Numonics
- Hewlett-Packard
Mouse of the following manufacturers:
- Microsoft
- Genius
- or others providing Microsoft-Emulation
Graphics Adapter
- EGA 640 x 350 dpi resolution

16 colours (of 64 )
- VGA 640 x 480
16 colours (of more than 100.000)
- SVGA800 x 600
- HVGA1024 x 768 dpi resolution
Printers ("Hardcopy"-Devices)
HP-Plotter, (6 resp. 8 colours), as well as various compatible devices.
- 308 -
MTS System Configuration
16.2 Software
The INCAD software requires a minimum of 640 KByte available RAM.
Installing a coprocessor will speed up the computing. Installing a "RAM Cache" (interim storage for
disk reading/writing) effects an additional speed-up.
If a mouse or printer shall be employed, the applicable drivers must be installed. Such drivers are
not part of the INCAD software. They are normally supplied by the manufacturers of these devices.
A number of specific files which are needed for the INCAD program run, and which have been ap-
propriatly installed by the INCAD set-up routine, cannot be edited by the user.
Other important INCAD program parameters can be edited. In the "Config" subprogram the paths
for generating drawings files, the type of cursor etc. can be determined.
A full description of parameters to be edited is given in the
Configuration Manual
16.3 Configurate Periphery
For all steps of configuration see the
Configuration Manual
of the CNC Simulators for Milling and Turning
and the INCAD Design Program
Version 5.3 /April 1998.
- 309 -
MTS Index
<Arrow-Keys> 19
<BACK> 19
<DEL> 19
C
<END> 19
<F1>-key 18 Cancel
<F10>-key 18 Plotting 39
<F3>-key 18 Centre 29
See also Multiply Entities 120 Chamfer 66
See Multiplication of Entities 122 Character Attributes
<F4>-key 18 Define 61
see Dimensioning 152 Circle
<F5>-key 18 Centre 99
<F6>-key 18 Centre and Tangent 100
<F7>-key 18 Defined by three points 100
<F8>-key 18 Diameter 100
<F9>-key 18 Tangent to 1 Ent. 97
<INS> 19 Tangent to 2 Ent. 97
<POS 1> 19 Tangent to 3 Ent. 97
<PRINT> key 10 Circles
<RETURN> 19 concentric 101
<Scroll down> 19 Circular Pocket 262
<Scroll up> 19 CNC
<SHIFT>- Arrow-keys 19 Management 3
<SHIFT>-<TAB> 19 CNC-file 21
CNC-management 3, 25
Colour 61, 177
Edit 177
Colour Screen 13
A Colour Set 33
Compressing
See Stretching
Absolute Dimensioning 213 Configuration drawing 23
Active 51 Cont.Type" 180
Adapt the Size of the Drawing Field to the Entities Di- Contour
mensions (Fit) 48 Milling Program 257
Additional Menu Functions 10 Contour generation layer 53
Angle Dimensioning 186, 219, 222, 231 Contour Layer 51
Mode 221 Contour Pocket 261
Arc Contour Point 28
3 Points 107 Contour String 109
Centre 107 Cancel 112
Diameter 107 From Entities 147
Tang. to 1 Ent. 104 Insert Point 147
Tang. to 2 Ent. 104 Contour Tracing 123
Tang. to 3 Ent. 104 Copy
Arc Dimensioning 186, 225, 226 Files 24
Arc Line 194 Copy Dim 152
Arrowhead 190 Copying
See Dimension Line,Demarcation of entities 152
Arrowhead Orientation 190 CRC
Attributes See Cutter Radius Compensation 258
of a layer 52 Critical distance 183, 189, 236
Attributes" 61 Cross-hairs 19, 61, 62
Automatic Arrowhead Orientation 183, 232, 237 Cursor-key 19
Aux. Contour 180 Cutter radius compensation 258
Auxiliary grid 18 Cycle 206, 254
Auxiliary lines
Display or Hide 43
Extend 44
See Auxiliary lines 43
Axes Graduation 46 D
Decimal number 193
Def.Win.
B See Define Window
Define a Drawing Field to be Scrolled (Pan) 49
Define the Relative Zero Point 66
Base entities 123 Define Window 14
Base Line 152, 211 Defining the AbsoluteZero 45
Diameter Dimensioning 231 Delete
Radius Dimensioning 231 Files 24
Basic Class 188, 228 see Entity 157
Basic Hatching 73 Delete Auxiliary Layer 117
Broadside 38 Design Level 2
Detail 116
see Detail Copy 128
see Scale 128
- 310 -
MTS Index
Detail Copy 128 See dimensioning 200

see Detail
See dimensioning 200
Dialogue Line 11
Dialogue Lines 12
Diameter Dimensioning 186, 217 E
Base Line 231
Digitizing of Drawings 36 Edit Axes 267
Dim. Class 191 Edit Colours 33
Edit 242 Edit Text
Dim. Text Dimensioning 232
Example 196 EDUBEM.KNF 193
Dimens. Text EGA 271
Font Attributes 187 End Point 29
Dimension Line 182, 187 Entity
Demarcation 232, 236, 237 Delete 14, 15, 157
End 230, 231 Divide at One Point 139
Middle Point 231 Divide at Two Points 140
Projection 208, 221 Insert 14, 15
Projection Point 230 Mirror and Multiply 118
QPoint 182 Rotate and Multiply 121
Dimension lines Selection 13
Demarcation 182 trim 133
Dimensioning 41, 181 Exponent 194
Copy 152 Extending
Detail 128 See Stretching
Drawing not to Scale 194 Extension Line
external 152, 153 see Projection Line
Framework 182
Global Factor 235
internal 152, 153
Layer 229
Manipulation 227 F
Move 154
not possible 200 File Conversion 24
See Angle Dimensioning File Management 20
See Arc Dimensioning File Types 21
See Diameter Dimensioning Files
See Point Dimensioning Selection 22
See Radius Dimensioning Switching 22
Status 200 Finishing Tool 249
Terms 182 Fit 48
Dimensioning Class 184, 229 Fitting 113
Dimensioning Main Menu 201 close 174
Dimensioning Parameters 189 Delete Point 171
Dimensioning Text 184, 193 Generate Corner 173
Control Sequences 194 Generation 113
Default 191 Insert Point 170
Establishment 196 Move Point 169
Example 195 Procedure 113
Positioning 197 Select 168
See Text Format Tangent 172
Subscript 194 Fitting Curves
Superscript 194 Edit 167
DimFlag 189 Font attributes 178
Directory Font Type" 178
Create Directory 23 Free Curves 113
Delete Directory 23 Function Key 17
Diskette Drive 271
Dividing an Entity at One Point 139
Dividing an Entity at Two Points 140
Drawing
Edit 25 G
see Drawings file 1
Drawing attributes 52
Gener. Layer
Drawing Detail
of contours 53
Dimensioning 196
Generate Point 71
Drawing Field 13
Generate Rectangle 71
Drawing" 39
Generation Layer
Drawings file 3, 22
Edit 55
Drawings Files 21
of Auxiliary Contours 51
Dressing 264
of Contours 51
Dressing Program 3, 21
of Dimensionings 51
Drilling 252
of Hatches 51
Drilling Cycles 252
of Text 51
DXF- file 3
Generation of Milling Programs 248
DXF-file 21, 22, 25, 269
- 311 -
MTS Index
Geometric Manipulation 158 See Special Keys 17

GlobalFactor 189 Keys
Graphic Display Screen 9 See Keyboard 17
Graphic Input 27
Graphics Adapter 271
Grid Point 28
L
H Layer
define 57
Delete 56
Hard Disk 271 Dimensioning 229
Hardcopy 10 Edit Drawing Attributes 58
Hardware 271 Edit list sequence 57
Hatch Rename 56
Scale 179 State 51, 53
Hatch Layer Edit 180 Switch 156
Hatch Number 63 Layer Edit Menu 54
Hatch Param. Edit 179 Layers Menu 50
Hatch Pattern Layers Menu (Textmarke) 50
Edit 179 Line
Hatch Patterns 72 2 Points 82
Hatch scaling factor 62 Horizontal 82
Hatch. patterns Parallel 86, 87
display 73 Perpend. 83
Hatches Line thickness 62, 65
Display or Hide 43 Edit 176
Hatching 70 Line Type 64
Copy 74 Dimensioning 187
Create 75 Edit 176
delete 74 Line Types 61
Edit 75 Localization
Shift 74 of Points 28
Help 18
HP-Plotter 271
HPGL-format 37
HVGA 271
M
Magazine 249
I Allocate Tool 250
Tool Set 249
MainMenu 26, 31
Identification Management Level 2, 32
Within a Window 14 Manipulation
Identification of a Single Entity 13 Dimensioning 227
IGES-file 21, 22, 25, 269 Menu bar 10
See dimensioning 200 Menu field 9, 10
IGES-ile 3 Menu Selection 32
Incremental Dimensioning 213 Middle Point 28
Information on Layers 55 Milling 247
Input Generation of NC-Programs 248
Absolute 27 Milling Program 3, 21
relative 27 Milling Tools 249
Input Devices and Graphical Interaction 4 Mirror 158
Input Field 19 Mirroring 164
Input Mask 18 Monochrome Screen 13
Input Modes 27 Mouse 271, 272
Input of coordinates 27 Move 158, 159
graphically 27 Moving and Multiplication of an Entity 119
Input of points 27
Input System 7, 36
Insert 19
Intersection
See dimensioning 200 N
Intersection Point 28
Invisible 51 NC-Program
Isometric Transformation 165 Milling 247
NC-program code 3
Next/Previous Window 49
Normal Dimensioning 213
K
Keyboard 3
- 312 -
MTS Index
O S
Offset Curve 132 Scale 38, 128, 158, 160
Operational area 9, 12 see Detail 128
Origin Scaling 233
Coordinates System 45 Screen Layout 9
Output of the Graphic Display Screen 10 Screen Menu 42
Output sequence 47 Sel. Ent. 158
Overwrite 19 Selection, graphical 3
Selection of Functions 10
Sequence
of entities in the output of a drawing 47
P of layers list 57
Set Symbol 67
Shift
Panorama 49 Files 24
PC-keyboard Shortening
See Keyboard 6 See Stretching
Perm 200 Similarity Transformation 166
Perpend. Sketch Contour 113, 115
see line Soft Key 17
Pins 260, 263 Software 272
Plot Screen 37 Special Characters 194
Plot to Scale 37 Special Trapping Parameters 30
Plotter 37, 268 Square Pocket 262
Pockets 260 State
Point Dimensioning 184, 205, 213, 215 of a layer 53
Point Dinmensioning Status line 9, 12
Cycle 206 Store Drawing 40
Point Grid 44 Stretching 143
ON / OFF 44 Stretching Entities 143
Point Grid" 44 SVGA 271
Positioning Marks 6 Switch Line 9, 11
Previous/Next Window 49 Switches 10
Printer 272 Symbol 25
Printer driver 10 Ungroup 156
Printers 271 Symbols 21
Projection Line 187 See dimensioning 200
Angle 206, 229 Symbols library 3, 21, 22, 25
End 236 System Colours 32
Start 230, 236 System Configuration 271
Projection Lines 182 System Structure 2
Projection Point 28
ProLi
End 190
see Projection Line
Start 190
T
Prolonging
See Stretching Tablet 271
Puck 4 Tablet Overlay
See Installation 6
Tang. 1 Ent. 97, 104
Tang. 2 Ent. 97, 104
R Tang. 3 Ent. 97, 104
Tangent 89
to a circle 91, 93
Radius Dimensioning 186, 217 To two circles 89
Base Line 231 Technology
Rda Generate 250
Angle 231 Technology Data
Recognition Display 250
See Identification Technology Library 21
Rectangle 71 Tempo 200
Redraw 202 Terminate
Reference Point 41 Function 18
of Symbols 41 Input 18
Reference System 158 Terminate Program 22
Define 159 Test Dimension 194
Register Mark Text 68
See Tablet Positioning Mark 6 Ungroup 157
Reinstate 49 Text Attributes
Rotate 158 Dimensioning 187
Rotating 161 Text Format 183, 193, 232
Roughing Tool 249 Text Input 11, 12
Rounding 66 Text lines 9, 12
- 313 -
MTS Index
Text Position 233

Default 235
Text Size 235
TextFlag 189
TextPos 190
TextSize 189
Theoretical dimensions 194
Tool Adjustment
Display 251
Generate 251
Tools Library 21
Tools Magazine 21
Trap 62
Trapping mode 12, 28
Trapping Parameters
General 28
special trapping parameters 30
Trim 133
Turning Program 3, 21
U
Underline 194
Undo 4
Universal Coordinates 4
V
Vectra 271
Version number 12
VGA 271
Visible 51
W
Win. Def.
See Define Window
Window
Next 49
Previous 49
Windows Menu 15
Z
Zero
Absolute 45
Relative 46
Zero Point 251
Zoom /Factor for Modification of the Detail Window 48
Zoom./.Modify the Detail Window 47
- 314 -

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MTS INCAD

INCAD - An Integrated NC- and 2D-CAD-System

1. Description of the Software

1.1 System Structure

Furthermore are listed (under the menu item CNC-management):

- by entering the name of a new workshop drawing via the keyboard

1.2. Input Devices and Graphical Interaction

1.2.1 General Advice

- localizing positioning data within universal coordinates.

- Recognition or identification (picking) of a graphic entity

- The input of a real parameter,

- positioning and localizing (left key).

- the termination of entries in the case of sequential input.

Diagram: Key Functions of a Two-key Mouse.

Diagram: Key Functions of a Four-key Puck.

1.2.2 How to Use the INCAD Tablet Overlay

Problem: Entries via the foil are not computed correctly:

1. The positioning marks have not been properly touched

Problem: the positioning marks cannot be read.

Problem: Error message while initializing:

File could not be opened !

Possible cause: The file "TABLETT.DAT" is not available.

Problem: Error message while initializing:

Possible cause: Invalid entries in the "TABLETT.DAT" file.

1.3 Graphic Display Screen

1.3.1 Screen Layout

- the menu field (right margin),

1.3.2 Output of the Graphic Display Screen (Hardcopy)

1.4 Menu Field, Selection of Functions

1.5 Additional Menu Functions (Switches)

There are two categories of switches (also called "classes"):

1.6 Switch Line

Switch Absolute Relative

Switch Prec (Precision)

Switch Pts (Points)

Switch Con Aux

1.7 Status Line

1.8 Text Lines

1.9 Operational Area (Graphic Input Window)

1.10 Selection of Entities

1.10.1 Identification of a Single Entity

- dotted (on a monochromatic graphic screen)

Adopt with <F2>, Continue with <F1> !

1.10.2 Identification Within a Window

All Switch to identify all existing entities simulta-

Frame Cut. Switch for identification of entities within a

Frame Cont. Switch for identification of only those entities

Entity Switch for identification of a single entity

Remove Function to remove entities from a window

Insert Function to insert entities into a window

Edit Menu Activates the Edit Menu

Frame Cont. and

The respective menu fields are highlighted in colour.

Enter the first point of the rectangle !

Enter the end point of the rectangle !

If you wish to identify single entities, please select

To leave this mode you have to activate the function

By activating the switch

and the function

and the function

1.11 Special Keys

By pressing <F3> the process of reinstating a screen display can be halted.

5. <F5>-key: (= function key <F5>)