Intelligence

What is Intelligence?
Rational thought and reasoning
ability to act purposefully in an environment
ability to deal with situations, in an effective manner,
within an environment
Cognitive – Examples of cognitive ability: memory,
perception, concept formation, problem solving,
mental imagery, action, association, language and
attention.
ability to learning from experience
ability to live and cope with the demands of daily
life
 The Two Major Schools of Thought
General Intelligence
 believe that there is one factor from which all
intelligence is derived
Multiple Intelligences
 proponents believe that there are different kinds
of intelligence.
Theories about Intelligence
1. Intelligence Quotient – Alfred Binet
 is the score you get on an intelligence test
 Originally, it was a quotient (a ratio):  IQ=
MA/CA x 100 [MA is mental age, CA is
chronological age]. Today, scores are calibrated
against norms of actual population scores.
Theories about Intelligence
2. Fluid vs Crystallized Intelligence -
Raymond Cattell and John Horn

Fluid Intelligence
 the ability to perceive relationships
independent of previous specific practice or
instruction concerning those relationships.
Crystallized Intelligence
 learning from past experiences and learning
Theories about Intelligence
3. General Intelligence - Charles Spearman
 is general cognitive ability that could be
measured and numerically expressed
 described a concept referred to as general
intelligence, or the g factor
 People who performed well on one cognitive
test tended to perform well on other tests,
while those who scored badly on one test
tended to score badly on other.
Theories about Intelligence
4. Primary Mental Abilities - Louis L.
Thurstone
 focused on seven different "primary mental
abilities”
Reasoning
Perceptual speed
Verbal Fluency
Numerical ability
Word fluency
Associative memory
Spatial visualization
Theories about Intelligence
5. Multiple Intelligences - Howard Gardner
 describes eight distinct intelligences that are
based on skills and abilities that are valued
within different cultures
Visual-spatial Intelligence
Verbal-linguistic Intelligence
Bodily-kinesthetic Intelligence
Logical-mathematical Intelligence
Musical Intelligence
Interpersonal Intelligence
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Naturalistic Intelligence
Theories about Intelligence
6. Triarchic Theory of Intelligence - Robert
Sternberg
 mental activity directed toward purposive
adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-
world environments relevant to one’s life
Analytical intelligence
Creative intelligence
Practical intelligence
Thank You for Listening!