CHAPTER 6:

SOURCES OF
ENERGY
6.1 Various Forms and Sources of Energy
Energy – the ability to do work
Every living thing needs energy to live and to
carry out its daily activities
Man and animals get their energy from the food
they eat
Plants get energy from the food they make
during photosynthesis
Energy is also needed to move vehicles and to
operate machines
 Forms of Energy
1. Light energy
2. Kinetic energy
3. Potential energy
4. Sound energy
5. Heat energy
6. Electrical energy
7. Chemical energy
8. Nuclear energy
 1. Kinetic energy
Anything that moves has kinetic energy
The faster an object moves, the more kinetic
energy it has

A moving car Water flowing in a river

 2. Potential energy
Gravitational potential energy
Energy that is stored in an object due to its position
The higher or heavier an object, the bigger is its
potential energy

Water at the Coconuts on a

top of waterfall coconut tree
 2. Potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Energy that is stored due to its position

A stretched A bent plastic ruler

rubber band
 3. Light energy
Anything that gives out light
Enables us to see
The sun is the primary source of energy

Lighted candles Burning charcoal

 4. Heat energy
Anything that is hot
Can be detected by our skin

A burning gas stove Volcanic eruption

 5. Sound energy
Energy that is produced by vibrations
Can be detected by our ears

Thunder A barking dog

 6. Chemical energy
Energy that is stored in food, fuels and
chemical substances

The food we eat Petrol

 7. Electrical energy
Produced by electricity

Bicycle dynamo Solar cells

 8. Nuclear energy
Stored in the nucleus of atom

Atomic bombs
 Sources of Energy
Energy cannot be created
It can be obtained from sources which exist
naturally
The various sources of energy are:
a) The sun e) Biomass
b) Wind f) Geothermal
c) Water g) Radioactive/nuclear
d) Waves h) Fossil fuels (petroleum,
coal and natural gas)
 1. The sun (solar)
It is the primary source of energy
It gives out heat energy and light energy
 2. Wind
It is the air that is moving
It has kinetic energy
 3. Water
Water that is stored has potential energy
3. Water
 4. Waves
It is formed when wind blows across the
sea
 5. Biomass
It is formed from
the waste products
or decomposition of
plants and animals
5. Biomass
 6. Geothermal
It is the heat energy inside the earth
6. Geothermal
 7. Radioactive / Nuclear
It exists in radioactive or nuclear
substances such as uranium or plutonium
 Review : Effects of Atomic Bombs
Skin burning
 Review : Effects of Atomic Bombs
Foetus deformation
 Review : Effects of Atomic Bombs
Baby deformation
 Review : Effects of Atomic Bombs
Disability
 8. Fossil fuels
(coal, petroleum and natural gas)
They are from plants
and animals that died
millions of years ago
Fractional distillation of petroleum (crude oil)
 Coal

Coal train Mining coal

Formation of Coal
 Coal

Burning coal
Energy change and energy converter
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Energy can change from one form to
another
Anything that changes energy from one
form to another is called an energy
converter
Examples of energy converter and energy change
A turning fan

Electrical Kinetic energy +

energy Sound energy
Examples of energy converter and energy change
A lighted candle

Chemical Light energy +

energy Heat energy
 Examples of energy converter and energy change
An electric circuit

Chemical Electrical Light energy

energy energy + Heat energy
Examples of energy converter and energy change
A wind up toy car

Potential Kinetic energy +

energy Sound energy
 6.2 Renewable and
Non-renewable Energy
Energy sources can be divided into:

Renewable Non-renewable
 Sun  Radioactive substance
 Wind  Fossil fuels
 Wave - Petroleum
 Water - Natural gas
 Biomass - Coal
 Geothermal
 Renewable energy sources
Energy sources that can be replaced
and will not be used up

(sumber tenaga yang boleh diganti

dan tidak akan habis)
Renewable Energy
Non- renewable energy sources
Energy sources that cannot be
replaced and will eventually be used
up

(sumber tenaga yang tidak boleh

diganti dan akan habis digunakan
suatu hati nanti)
Summary
 Uses of solar energy
It is stored in solar cells, solar panels and
solar heaters
It is used to produce heat and electricity
It is used by green plants to make food
during photosynthesis
It is clear and does not pollute the
environment
 Uses of solar energy

Solar panels Solar heaters

 Ways to use energy efficiently
Walk or cycle for short trips
Car pool to work
Use public transport if possible
Switch off electrical appliances when not in use
Used fluorescent lamps instead of filament lamps
Service machines and engines of motor vehicles
regularly
Invent more efficient machines and more vehicles
that do not use much energy
Ways to use energy efficiently
Ways to use energy efficiently
 6.3 The Importance of
Conserving Energy Sources
To prevent energy crisis
So that non-renewable energy sources will
not be depleted quickly
So that there will still be energy sources
left for the future generation to use
 6.3 The Importance of
Conserving Energy Sources
So that the uses of energy do not pollute
the environment and cause health
problems to living things
So that man can still enjoy a comfortable
life with the technology that uses energy
sources