Hărţile sunt extrase din:

Averil Cameron, The Byzantines, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2006.

 Maps

1 The Byzantine Empire after the wars of Justinian 28

2 The theme system in the tenth century 39
3 The Byzantine Empire c.1025 41
4 The Byzantine Empire under the Comneni 44
5 The Balkans and Anatolia c.1214 51
6 The Byzantine Empire c.1350 57
7 The Roman Orthodox and Ottoman worlds in the
fifteenth century 58
8 Plan of Constantinople 66
9 Themes in Asia Minor in the later seventh century 84
10 The eastern Mediterranean in the time of the crusades 191

TBA01 7 2/8/06, 2:48 PM

TBC02
28

28
LOMBARDS

Cherson
Ravenna Black Sea

CORSICA Rome
Constantinople
Thessalonike Nicaea
SARDINIA Naples Ankyra
Byzantium from Late Antiquity to 1025

Caesarea Melitene
E

Antioch
Carthage Syracuse
PIR

Emesa
EM

Damascus
Mediterranean Sea CRETE
AN

Jerusalem
I
RS

Alexandria
PE

2/8/06, 2:54 PM
600 km
400 miles

Map 1 The Byzantine empire after the wars of Justinian. After John Haldon, Palgrave Atlas of
Byzantine History (Basingstoke, 2005), p. 23
TBC02
N

CHERSON

39
DALMATIA

STRYMON
Constantinople
DYRRACHION MACEDONIA PAPHLAGONIA N CHALDIA
LONGOBARDIA THRACE KO
OPTIMATON NIA

BO
ME KOLONEIA Kalikala

UK
THESSALONICA AR

ELL
SEBASTEIA
MESOPOTAMIA

AR
OPSIKION

ION
CALABRIA HELLAS CHARSIANON Melitene

NIK
AEGEAN
LYKANDOS

OP
SEA

KEPH
O
TH
LEONTOKOME

RA

LIS
K
ANATOLIKON CAPPADOCIA

ES

ALON
IO

IA
N

PE
SAM
Tarsos

LO
OS

PO
N
KIBYRRHAIOTAI

NE
SELEUKEIA

SE
Limit of Imperial territory c.917
Approximate Theme boundaries c.917
THRACE Themes CRETE CYPRUS 400 km

2/8/06, 2:54 PM
Melitene Arab raiding Emirates
Byzantium from Late Antiquity to 1025

Map 2 The theme system in the tenth century. After M. Whittow, The Making of Orthodox Byzantium, 600–1025
39

(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1996), p. 166

TBC03
R.
Da C
nu sa A M
Ti

R
be R. O

P
L

A
T
D

H
HUNGARY

IA
er

AV

N
iep
Dn

IA
R.

M
O
Sea of Azov

U
N

RIA
TA
CRIMEA

IST
IN
S
Sirmium

DA
WA L
L AC H I A Theodosia

LM
Belgrade Cherson (Kaffa)
C A U C A S

AT
Zara U S

I
M O U N

A
TA I

41
a nube N S
Split R. D
BOSNIA Nis Black Sea
PA R I S T R I O N
Ad Ragusa Varna
ria Serdica Tblisi
tic
Se R. Ma Mesembria
I TA LY a Skoder ric Sinope
Philippopolis a Adrianople
Constantinople Trebizond
Dyrrachion Herakleia Dvin
Bari Thessalonike s Kolaneia

P
ly
Ha Theodosiopolis

IN
at

E P
Taranto Avlon Ankyra R. Sebasteia Fur

D
R. Manzikert

O
Nicaea

S
Murat

I R
Doryiaion R.

U
M
Aegean Atramyttion L. Van

S
S
Sea S
I N
Amida R.
Ti
Ionian Sea T A gr i
Smyrna Ikonion U N Samosata s
SICILY O
Taormina Athens M
Ephesus S Germanikeia Edessa
O
Syracuse R
U Mosul
A Tarsos
T
Attaleia
Seleukeia Antioch
R.
E
Aleppo up
hr
Laodikela at
es
CRETE CYPRUS
Mediterranean Sea 200 miles
Tripolis 300 km

2/8/06, 2:53 PM
Byzantium from 1025 to 1453

Map 3 The Byzantine Empire c.1025. After A. Kazhdan et al., eds, The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (New York,
41

1991), p. 354
TBC03
R.
44
Dn
R. C ies
Da
i sa A Approx. boundaries under
R
nu M ter
be R.T P
A O Alexios I (c.1118)
T

H
R.
Changes under John II (c.1143)
LD
HUNGARY

IA
Pr

R. S

N
er

e
R.

AV

ut
r
iep Expansion under Manuel I (c.1180)

h
Dr

et

M
av Dn

IA
a R.

O
U
R.
S

N
Sa Sea of Azov

T
va NEG ) 200 miles

RIA
PECHE MANS
U

IN
S

IST
(later C CRIMEA 300 km

DA

44
WA L Theodosia

LM
Sirmium L AC H I A
Belgrade (Kaffa)

AT
Cherson C

I
A U C A S
Zara U S

A
M O U N
TA I
a nube N S
Split R. D
BOSNIA Nis Black Sea
R. Kura
Ad Ragusa Varna
ria ZET Serdica Tblisi
tic A Sinope
Se R. Ma Mesembria
I TA LY a ric
Skoder a Adrianople
Philippopolis
Trebizond Kars
Byzantium from 1025 to 1453

Dyrrachion Constantinople Herakleia

S
Bari Thessalonike s R. Araxes

P
Kolaneia

AN
H aly
DAN

IN

E P
Avlon Ankyra R. Sebasteia rat

D
R . Fu

O
Nicaea SELJUKS

S
Murat

I R

N OR M
Doryiaion R.

U
ISMEND

M
Aegean
S

Atramyttion L. Van

T
OF RUM

S
S
Sea
S Amida
I N R.
Ionian Sea T A Ti
Smyrna Ikonion U N Samosata gr is
SICILY O
Athens Ephesus M
S Germanikeia
O Edessa
Syracuse R Mosul
U
A Tarsos
Attaleia T
Seleukeia Antioch R.
Eu
Aleppo ph
RHODES ra
Laodikeia tes
CRETE

2/8/06, 2:53 PM
CYPRUS
Mediterranean Sea
Tripolis

Map 4 The Byzantine Empire under the Comneni. After A. Kazhdan et al., eds, The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
(New York, 1991), p. 355
TBC03
R. Danub
e
SERBIA Nis Varna Black Sea
BULGARIA Türnovo
Serdica Mesembria
Skoder
Skopje Sinope
Philippopolis Amastris
Dyrrachion Amisos Trebizond
Adrianople D
Ohrid IZ ON
ONIKE Herakleia EMPIRE OF TREB
SAL Constantinople s
Avlon ES
EMPIRE OF aly

51
H Thessalonike
DESPOTATE H
R.

OF
OF CONSTANTINOPLE Nicaea
EPIROS Brusa Sebasteia
Ankyra
Lemnos Atramyttion urat
Kerkyra Dorylaion R. M
Arta Aegean SELJUK
EMPIRE

KINGDOM
EUBOEA
Sea Lesbos Pergamon
OF NICAEA SULTANATE Melinenes
DUCHY Negroponte Chios
OF ATHENS Smyrna –
Kephalonia OF RUM
Ikonion
Zakynthos Corinth Athens Ephesus
PRINC. OF Edessa
ACHATA Miletos Laodikeia Sis
Naxos
R. E

Mistra A
N CILICI
Ionian Sea Attaleia IA Tarsos
N
uphr

Monemvasia E
Antioch
S

AR M PRINC. OF
ates

DUCHY OF Seleukeia
D

ANTIOCH Aleppo
Rhodes
I

ARCHIPELAGO
B

Laodikeia
CRETE KINGDOM
U–

Mediterranean Sea OF CYPRUS

COUNTY OF
Y

Venetian possessions TRIPOLIS

Y

200 miles Tripolis

A

Latin Empire of
Constantinople and its fiefs 300 km

2/8/06, 2:53 PM
Byzantium from 1025 to 1453

Map 5 The Balkans and Anatolia c.1214: The Latin Kingdoms. After A. Kazhdan et al., eds, The Oxford Dictionary of
51

Byzantium (New York, 1991), p. 357

 Byzantium from 1025 to 1453 57

R. Danube

Nikopolis Varna
Nig Turnovo
SERBIA Serdica
Black Sea
Pristina BULGARIA
(Sofia) Mesembria
Sozopolis
Peb
Skoder
Skopje
Philippopolis
Adriatic Sea

Adrianople Herakleia
Constantinople
Dyrrachium Serres Nikomedia
Herakleia
Thessalonike Nicaea
Avlon
Kallipolis
EP

Brusa Ankyra
Abydos
IR

Dorylaion
THE
US

Kerkyra SSAL
Y Aegean Sea Pergamon
Ionian Arta T U R K I S H E M I R AT E S
Sea Sporades Lesbos Phokaia
DUCHY
Leukas OF ATHENS EUBOEA
(NEGROPONTE) Philadelphia
Smyrna Ikonion
Thebes Ephesus
PRINCIPALITY
Zakynthos OF ACHAIA Athens
Corinth

Mistra Naxos Attaleia

DESPOTATE
Modon OF MOREA

DUCHY
OF NAXOS Rhodes

Sea of Crete
Mediterranean Sea
Chandax Byzantine boundary in 1340
CRETE
Byzantine Empire c.1350

Map 6 The Byzantine Empire c.1350. After A. Kazhdan et al., eds, The
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (New York, 1991), p. 359

TBC03 57 2/8/06, 2:53 PM

TBC03
Serres Principal monasteries P O L A N D 200 miles

(1462–76)
Date of incorporation into
300 km
58
the Ottoman Empire

L
M (145
Varna Battle sites N

O 5–
DA1512
VI )
A
H U N G A R Y
TRANSYLVANIA Akkerman
(1484)
Venice
CRIMEA

R. Danube
Kilia
Genoa Kaffa (1475)

58
WALLACHIA
Florence (1462–76)
BOSNIA a nube
R. D
SERBIA Black Sea
(1389–1459) Nicopolis
A HERZE- (1396)
d GOVINA Kosovo Nish Varna (1444) Sinope
ri
at 1398 Sofia BULGARIA (1461) Trebizond
ic Novobrdo (1393) (1461)
Rome

R.
A

(1
Edirne (Adrianople)

Va
Se
I Samsun

rd
a Skopje Doubera

ar
THRACE (1362) Pera

ANI
Byzantium from 1025 to 1453

Serres (1453) PONTOS Torul

AL3B97–1497)
E

A
Constantinople
Avlona Thessalonica Ainos (1479)
(Vlora) (Salonica) Ezova
(1430) Ankara
Otranto Gallipoli Bursa 1402

EP
Mt Athos (1326)

IRU
S
Aegean Sea A N A T O L I A

(N
E
Lesbos

R U M
EUGRO
Lepanto Phocaea

BOPO
1571

EANTE
Smyrna

)
Palermo Konya
MOREA Ephesos (1425) (1468)
(1460) Miletos
Mistra
Monemvasia
(1540)
Herakleion RHODES

2/8/06, 2:53 PM
(Candia) (1523)
Mediterranean Sea
CRETE CYPRUS (1571)
(1645–69)

Map 7 The Roman Orthodox and Ottoman worlds in the fifteenth century. Anthony Bryer, ‘Byzantium:
the Roman Orthodox world, 1393–1492’, in Christopher Allmand, ed., The New Cambridge Medieval
History VII, c.1415–c.1500 (Cambridge, 1998), p. 772
TBC04
Blachernae
N Church
66
Blachernae
Palace 2 km
1 mile
Chora
Gate of Charisios Monastery
Golden Horn
Cistern of

all
W
Aetius

66
ia
os
Pempton
Galata

od
Gate Cistern

e
Th
of Aspar
Gate of St Romanos
Bosphorus
The Byzantine Mirage

Military Gate Holy

Apostles Wall of
Constantinian Wall Septimius
Aq Pantokrator Severus
Forum of ue Monastery
Rhegion du
ct
Gate Marcian
Virgin St Polyeuctus St Mary
Lips Forum of
of Pege Theodosius Chalkoprateia
Cistern of Monastery
St Mocius Senate Law
Pege Gate Mese Courts St Irene
Tetrapylon St Sophia
Forum of Arcadius Forum of Augustaion
Constantine Baths of Zeuxippus
e
m
ro

GREAT
d

Sigma
po

PALACE
ip
H

Harbour of
Theodosius Ss Sergius
and Bacchus

2/8/06, 2:53 PM
Xylokerkos St John
Gate Studios
Monastery Sea of Marmara

Golden Gate

Map 8 Plan of Constantinople. After John Haldon, Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History (Basingstoke, 2005), p. 40
TBC05
Black Sea
Sinope
84

Amastria
Bosphorus
Constantinople Herekleia
Amisos
Trebizond

R. Irts
Sea of
Marmara Nikomedia
Dardanelles R. Lyk
Gangra lys Dazimon os Koloneia
N Ha
Abydos Kyzikos Prousa R.

84
K I O I A K O N

estos
O P S I R. Sangarious Ankyra E N Sebasteia s
Dorylaion M rate
uph

R.Mak
R. E
R

s
Kotyaion

aly
A

H
Pergamon

R.
R.
Aegean Ars
Amorion ani
Ruling the Byzantine State

Sea as
R. Hermos Nyssa Caesarea
L. Tatta
Sardis Melitene
Smyrna A N A T O L
s

I K
e

Antioch
rat

Ephesus R. Meander
O N
ph

ros
Sa
Eu

Laodikeia Ikonion
R.
R.

Miletos
Germanikeia

K A I O T
I B Y R R H Attaleia
A Tarsos
Side

I
Xanthos Seleukeia
Rhodos

2/8/06, 2:52 PM
Mediterranean Sea
200 miles
300 km
CYPRUS

Map 9 Themes in Asia Minor in the later seventh century. After A. Kazhdan et al., eds, The Oxford Dictionary of
Byzantium (New York, 1991), p. 2034
 Byzantium and the Mediterranean 191

Black Sea
Varna
1444

Trebizond

Adrianople
Constantinople

Nicomedia

s
Nicaea

aly
H
SELJUKS

R.
Dorylaion Melitene

COUNTY
OF RUM OF EDESSA
1120’S Edessa
Myriokephalon
Konya (Iconium)
Heraclea PRINCIPALITY
Ephesus Tarsus OF ANTIOCH R. Euphrates
1101
1120’s
Antalya Antioch Aleppo

Saone
RUS Latakia
CYP
Rhodes OF
OM Famagusta
Hospitallers GD Homs
Krak des Chevaliers
N

1310–1522 Limassol Tripoli

KI

COUNTY OF TRIPOLI
Baalbek
Beirut
Sidon Damascus
Tyre
Nazareth Acre Hattin 1187
Mediterranean Sea Haifa Tiberius
Caesarea Belvoir
R. Jordan

Ailun
KINGDOM OF
Jaffa JERUSALEM
Ramla Jerusalem before 1187
Gaza Bethlehem
Damietta Dead
Sea Kerak
Alexandria Monréal

Cairo 200 miles

Aqaba

Map 10 The eastern Mediterranean in the time of the crusades. Adapted

from Geoffrey Hindley, The Crusades: A History of Armed Pilgrimage
and Holy War (London, 2003), p. xiii

TBC10 191 2/8/06, 2:50 PM