Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
Chocolate food products made from coca beans consumed as candy and used
many beverages and as flavoring products. Rich in carbohydrate it is an excellent
source of quick energy and also contains minute amount of the stimulating alkaloids
Bromine and caffeine.
Chocolate is made from the kernels of fermented and roasted coca beans. The
kernels are ground to from a paste calls chocolate liquor, which may be hardened in
moulds to from baking (butter) chocolate; pressed to reduce the coca butter
(vegetable) content and then pulverized to make coca power; pr kined with sugar and
additional coca butter to make sweet (eating) chocolate, developed in English firm in
1847. Coating chocolate for use in candies and biscuits (cookies) came into use soon
after ward. The addition of concentrated milk to sweet chocolate produces milk
chocolates, introduced by danel pets of Switzerland in 1786.
The word “confectionery” was derided the Latin word “connection” which
means “Hard boiled sweet”. It is an age-old profession, family confectioneries were
there from 18th century.
2) Flavor confectionery
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
Means sweets in which sugar is the main ingredient either they consist of
sugar in very fine crystal from dispersed in a sugar solution and flavored such as
chocolate creams of fondants of they may be sugar maintained in a solution of careful
blend of the different types of sugar i.e., boiled sweets toffees (or) caramels. Milk
nuts are employed to obtain a variety of flavors and textures. Before the 19 th century,
sweets, candies were the monopoly of apothecaries who made them to hide the taste
of their drug.
Organized Sector
It contains of large scale units of confectionery whose scale of operation is very
large.
Unorganized sector
It contains of small scale of confectionery whose scale of operations is limited
to their locations (local area)
The sector can be segmented as follows
Confectionery products can be categorized as,
1) Hard boiled sugar candies, looipops, jellies
2) Toffees
3) Chewing gums
4) Breathe fresheners, digestive, and throat relievers.
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Market Segments:
The confectionery market can be classified into 3 segments.
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1. Monos –Hard boiled candies, toffees, éclairs & jelly cups from 80% of
the market.
2. Stick Lollipops and rolls from about 6% - 8% OD the market.
3. OTC (over the counter)- Lozenges and digestive candies from 12% - 14% of
the market.
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
Features of Absenteeism:
Research Studies undertaken by different authors reveal the following
features of Absenteeism
i. The rate of Absenteeism is the lowest on pay day; it increases considerably on
the days following the payment of wages and bonus.
ii. Absenteeism is generally high among the workers below 25 years of age and
those above 40 years of age.
iii. The rate of Absenteeism varies from department to department within an
organization.
iv. Absenteeism in traditional industries is seasonal in character.
Types of Absenteeism
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1) Authorized Absenteeism
If an employee absents himself from work by taking permission from superior
and applying for leave, such Absenteeism is called authorized Absenteeism.
2) Unauthorized Absenteeism
If any employee absents himself from work without informing or taking
permission and without applying for leave, such absenteeism is called
Unauthorized Absenteeism.
3) Willful Absenteeism
If any employee absents himself from duty willfully, such Absenteeism is
called Willful Absenteeism.
4) Absenteeism caused by circumstances beyond one’s control
If any employee absent himself from duty owing to the circumstances beyond
his control like involvement in accidents (or) sudden sickness, such
absenteeism is called Absenteeism caused by circumstances beyond one’s
control.
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
Frequency rate = The no of times in which the leave was availed X 100
Total no of Monday’s schedules to work
Severity rate:
Severity rate is the average length of time lost per absence and is calculated by
using the following.
Causes of Absenteeism
The following are the general causes of the Absenteeism
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Categories of Absenteeism
1) Entrepreneurs
These classes of absenteeism consider that their jobs are very small for their
total interest and personal goals. They engage themselves in other social and
economic activities to fulfill their goals.
2) The status seekers
This type pf Absentees enjoy or perceive a higher ascribed social status and
are keen on maintaining it.
3) The epicureans
The classes of absentees do not like to take up the jobs which demand
initiative responsibilities, discipline and discomfort they wish to have money,
power, and status but are unwilling to work for their achievement.
4) Family-oriented
These types of absentees are often identified with the family activities.
5) The sick and old
These categories of absentees are mostly unhealthy, with a weak constitution or
old people.
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Absenteeism has been variously defined by the Authorities from time to time.
Thus the term Absenteeism refers to the workers absence from his regular task, when
he is scheduled to work. Any employees stay away from work if he has taken leave to
which he is entitled or on the grounds of sickness or some accident without any
previous sanction of leave.
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As “No work No pay” is usually the general rule, the loss to workers
absenteeism is quite obvious when the workers fail to attend to the regular work, there
income is reduced and the workers become still poorer. Hence, Health and efficiency
of the worker is affected by the irregularity of the workers attendance.
The loss of employees and industry is due to absenteeism is still greater and
both efficiency and discipline suffer the maintenance of additional workers leads to
serious implications.
Thus the above discussions show how the problem of absenteeism is very
important to the organization. So, I have selected this problem of study.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
The research has selected the subject: “A Study of Absenteeism of workers in Nutrine
Confectionary Company Ltd.”
Research Design:
The process starts after selection of the topic Research Design denotes the planning of
the research study by which the researcher followed the below mentioned methods
and techniques
Data Collection:
Data Collected from primary and secondary data/sources.
Primary Data: Asking questions with employees and workers personally.
Secondary Data: Collecting the data from reference books and past records.
Sampling Methods:
Sampling method used for this study is non- probability convenience sampling.
According to my convenience the total samples interviewed are 105.
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Establishment
Establishment 1952
Chairman Sri.v. Dwarakanath Reddy
Managing director Sri.v. vikram Reddy
Board of directors Sri.v. Madhusudhan Reddy
Sri.v. Dinesh Reddy
Sri.v. Shiva Monan.
The nutrine confectionery company ltd was established in the initial stage
started as a small unit manufacturing different types of candies. The management has
gained in valuable insight into the confectionery unit, with a vision and ethics.
The organization has grown small scale manufacturer in the 1960’s to become
the single largest manufacturer of confectionery and toffees in India a distinction it
has claimed since 1980, with more than 45 varieties of candies toffees, fruit bars and
nutrine jells one of every third of confectionery sold in the organized sector in India
market. It is reported a turnover of Rs. 171 crores in 1989. The other important
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strengths are its distributors this being oral gratification business that relies largely on
impulse purchase made right at the retail outlays nutrine reaches some 425000
retailers across in India through its network of 2,400 stockiest who are supplied by its
36 warehouses in the south and chain of carrying and forwarding (c & f) agents in the
rest of the country. Nut’s advertising budget for 2000 – 2001 is a core earn market for
sundry promotion and events.
Location factors:
Nutrine confectionery company ltd is started in the border town at chittoor
NH-4 in Andhra Pradesh. The company is established in an area where basic raw
materials like milk, sugar etc are available in plenty and easily procurable.
Chattier other wise called as “mango city” lies in an advantageous
horticultural where tropical fruits like mango, banana & popaya are grown in
abundance. Very good crops of lime, tomato and other vegetable are the compelling
reasons for many fruit processing units being developed in the region and nutrine has
always been in forefront of this Argo Industrial activity.
In 1980’s nutrine faced competition from parries, Parle and Ravalgon not to
mention Cadbury’s. In recent years domestic rivalry on a massive modernization
drive to upgrade it plans.
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Nutrine confectionery co. ltd growth has been one of a sure study with the
luckiest Masco of “Bunny” designed is 1968 and with its present caption ‘terrific treat
in every sweet’ it is emerging as a confectionery having high market share in the
organized sector current operations and future outlook Nutrine confectionery co. ltd
exports nature mango fruit bars and other confectionery products to various
international internal factors viz, Australia, middle cast, South Africa, Newzeland and
Srilanka. Every effort is being made to establish nutrine as a household name is
international market.
Nutrine confectionery co. ltd in India producing delay drafted fruit bar based
in an innovate highest quality standard and hygiene factors at canning and packing.
Production setup
Nutrine confectionery co. ltd products its confectionery with a main faction at
chittoor and with subsidiary unit arrangements located at Hyd, Banglore and at
pulicheria of chittoor district itself.
Nut has bailed facilities for processing coco-beans for use in confectionery
production.
Some important points to remember computerized attendance recording
system.
Attendance recording system is working on computer. The employees will be
given on computer. Identify card & punching card at the joining of company. The
employees had to record their attendance by inserting their punch card in the
punching machine at their entering and leaving the company art time office.
The employees should not leave the premises of the company without written
permission.
Shifting Timing
All the employees to follow the rules of the company in force and that come
into the operation from time to time and help in maintaining industrial peace.
Employee relationship
Nutrine Confectionary Company Ltd has built up a reputation of excellent
relationship reinforced by generous benefits like free education, benefits to the
employees; free clothing on the eve of festival. There is only one recognized workers
union out of two registered unions, and the industrial relations are maintained peace
fully.
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Competitors
In the confectionary field the major competitors of Nutrine are Parry’s,
PARLE, Revalogon, Cadbury, Nestle, Perfetti and Vanmell.
Social obligations
The social service activities of Nutrine are
Conducting under 13 super star cricket tournaments to talent cricket’s
talent in younger generations our country.
Setting up school for children.
Financial assistants to associate of blind people.
Setting up of traffic divider and traffic islands in chittoor town.
Setting up of children part at b.v.reddy colony, chittoor.
A planned nut Nagar near the Bangalore highway at iruvarum, a
company quarters for the employees of nut.
VICE PRESIDENT
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Total 1809
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Table 1
Age of the Respondents
Inference:
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The above table explains that from the total respondents 24.7% of respondents are
below age groups of 25 years. 40% of respondents are of groups of 35 years 45 years age
of groups is 19.1% above 45 years are 16.1% of respondents.
None of the respondents are below further it clears that majority of total respondents
are from age of 25 to 35 i.e. 40%.
Table-2
Designation of employee
Inference:
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From the above table it indicates, that of the total respondent 19.04% of
respondents are working as supervisors, 40% respondents as workers, 16.2% are
in the place of chemists and the rest of respondents are from the other designation.
The above table’s gives clear pictures of majority i.e. majority of respondents are
working as workers in factory.
Table -3
Table showing in which department the respondents’ works.
Inference:
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From the above table it indicates that of the total respondents, 23.8% of
respondents are working in raw material department. In confectionery 23.8% of
respondents, 19.1% of respondents are working in toffees, 14.3% of respondents in
wrapping and the rest 9.5% in quality and work shop 9.5% of responds.
Table-4
Size of members in family the respondents
Inference:
Out of total 105 respondents only 19.04% are 2 members, 51.43% of
respondents are having 3-5 members, 5-7 members are 19.04% of respondents are
above 7 members are only 10.49% of respondents.
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Table-5
Inference:
According to the survey conducted 73.33% of respondents are got married and
rest of respondents is got married and rests of respondents i.e. 26.67% of respondents
are un-married.
From the above table it is clear that the majority of respondents i.e. 73.33% of
respondents are married.
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Table -6
The educational qualification of Respondents
Inference:
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Table-7
Years of experience of the respondent’s years of
Inference:
From the above table that is indicates that of the total respondents, 9.52% of
respondents are below 5 years of experience 34.28% of respondents are 5 to 10 years
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Table-8
Responsibility of intimation to the supervisors
Inference:
As per the table 33.33%of respondents feeling this responsibility rarely 52.38% feel it
some times where as 4.76% feel it as must and the other i.e. 9.53% feel it never.
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Table-9
Inference
By these surveys the majority of workers i.e. 40.96% are never absent duty
due to unexpected.
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Table-10
Is health one of the Reasons for Absenteeism
Inference
Out of total 105 respondents, 30.48% of respondents are rarely absent, and
45.72% of respondents their absents for sometimes and rest 23.80% of total
respondents will never absent for the duty due to health reason.
From the above table it is clearly observed that the workers will absent to duty
i.e. 45.72% are absent for sometimes only.
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Table-11
Inference
As it can be clearly seen from the above table that from the total respondents
i.e. 105, 20.96% of respondents are facing problems in 1 st shift 20% in 2nd shift and
move and rest of respondents 59.04% are facing problems in 3rd shift.
Further it clears that majority of total respondents i.e. 59.04% are facing
problems in 3rd shifts only.
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Table-12
Inference:
The table shows that nearly 81% are satisfactory about safety measures in the
factory only 19% feel, they are not adequate.
Table-13
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Inference:
As shown in the above table most of the respondents i.e. 40% of respondents
are absent to duty because of personal problems, 25.71% of respondents i.e. are
absent due to slickness and the rest of i.e. 5.72% are absent sue to economical causes.
It is clearly observed that moist of the respondents are absent due to personal
problems i.e. 40% of respondents.
Table-14
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Inference:
As per the table due to reaching factory late 19.04% of respondents are rarely.
66.66% are sometimes absent 5% are always absent and 9.54% are never absent only
sometimes due to this reason.
Table-15
Distance b/w respondent’s house and factory.
Below 1 km 43 40.95
1 to 5 21 20.00
5 to 10 16 15.24
Above 10 km 25 23.81
Total 105 100
Inference:
From the above table it indicates, that of the total respondents, 40.95% of
respondents are below 1km, and 20% of respondents are 1 to 5 km of distance,
15.24% of respondents are living 5 to 10 km away, and the rest of the respondents i.e.
23.80% are residing far i.e. above 10km from the factory.
Table-16
Conveyance to the factory.
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Scooter 15 14.29
Walk 30 28.57
Total 105 100
Inference
As per the table, 19.04% of respondents come to factory by bus, 38.09% come
by cycle and 14.28% come by scooter. The rest i.e. 28.59% come to factory by walk
because of their near by quarters.
Table-17
Gambling 12 11.43
Nothing 23 21.90
Total 105 100
Inference:
According to the survey conducted 36.19% of respondents are having the habit
of taking alcohol, 30.48% respondents are having smoking habit and 11.43% are the
habit of gambling, and the rest of respondents i.e. 21.90% do not having and habit.
From the above table it clears that the majority of respondents are having the
habit of drinking the alcohol.
Table-18
Inference:
As shown in the table most of the total respondents i.e. 71.43% of respondents
are agreed and 28.57% of respondents not agreed.
It is clearly observed that6 from the above table the majority of respondents
are believed that absenteeism will affect their economic conditions.
Table-19
Workers are having any creditors at their work place.
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Inference:
Table-20
Inference:
The table show that 19.04% of the respondents are absent to avoid creditors
but for 57.14% of the respondents, it is not a cause for absent for 23.82% , it
sometimes causes for absent.
Table-21
Inference:
The table shows that 9.52% of the respondents felt boredom at work rarely,
9.52% felt sometimes, 4.76% felt always and 76.20% felt never, it seems that the
majority employees are interested in the work.
Table-22
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Inference:
As it can be clearly seen from the above table from the total respondents,
31.43% of respondents and doing Agriculture, and23.80% of respondents are having
business and rest of respondent i.e. 44.77% of respondents do not have any source of
income.
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Inference:
As per the table 85.75% of respondents have cordial relationship with higher
authorities 9.53% have marginal relationship and 4.76% have not any good relations
Table-24
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Inference:
As per the table 85.71% of respondents do not quarrel with supervisors 9.53%
quarrel only at sometimes and 4.76% often do it.
Table-25
Absent due to bad working conditions.
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Inference:
Table-26
Absence due to heavy work load.
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Inference:
The table shows that heavy workload is not a reason for absent for nearly
95.24% of respondents. Only 4.76% fell it as reason for absent.
Table-27
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Inference:
The table shows that 71.42% of respondents with for higher job and higher
responsibilities only 28.58% feel it negative.
Table-28
Inference:
The table shows that 57.14% of respondents strongly agree that training
programme on absenteeism has a good effect. 28.57% feels it as satisfactory by
agreeing to it 9.52% does not agree with it and the rest i.e. 4.77% feel that it has no
effect.
Jan - 3.88%
Feb - 2.27%
March - 1.53%
April - 3.21%
May - 3.70%
June - 4.38%
July - 4.01%
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Aug - 4.01%
Sep - 3.35%
Oct - 3.30%
Nov - 4.40%
Dec - 3.22%
Jan - 3.88%
Feb - 2.27%
March - 1.53%
April - 3.21%
May - 3.70%
June - 4.38%
July - 3.85%
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Aug - 4.01%
Sep - 3.35%
Oct - 3.30%
Nov - 4.40%
Dec - 3.22%
Jan - 4.28%
Feb - 2.68%
March - 2.16%
April - 3.78%
May - 3.96%
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June - 4.72%
July - 3.89%
Aug - 4.48%
Sep - 4.76%
Oct - 5.58%
Nov - 5.89%
Dec - 5.36%
Jan - 4.45%
Feb - 3.40%
March - 2.23%
April - 2.59%
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
May - 4.33%
Summary of Findings
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
From the study it has found that there are many factors influencing the
workers absenteeism, some of them are as follows.
1. Absenteeism in shifts is mainly in 3rd shift i.e. (10 pm to 6am) that mean it is
high in night shift. This is because workers in the night shift experience greater
discomfort during their course of work than they do during daytime.
2. The habit of Alcoholism among workers is significant cause of Absenteeism,
which higher in the first week of each month, when workers receive their wages,
rush to liquor shops and drink to forgot their immediate worries. Once included
in drink, the habit continuous however the next day leads to absenteeism.
3. From the samples of workers about 60% of the workers are debit other workers
in work place due to which they absent themselves in order to escape the
creditors.
4. Some many absent because of ill health family member’s health and unexpected
work etc.
5. Most of the employees facing personal problem it is also reason for absenteeism.
6. Some of the workers strangely agree that they have cordial relationship with the
higher authorities. And they are very much satisfied with the safety measures
undertaken by the company.
7. Some of them absent because of Boredom in doing assigned job.
8. While in workers above 55 years old, the absenteeism is least because they are
going to retire in a few months (or) days.
9. The rate of absenteeism is nearly 8% in nutrine confectionery company ltd. The
normal rate in Indian Industry varies from 7% to 30%. The abnormal level is
40% in other reason.
10. Most of the workers absent because there are having other sources of income i.e.
Agriculture, Business.
11. The various training programmes and seminars like
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
These are being conducted by the mgt of NCCL regularly in order to improve
the individuality of the workers and to bring up good result in production. And
to present absenteeism.
Though these training programmes many worker have changed their life style
and improved their attendance.
1. 24.7% of the respondents are under 25 years and 40% are from 25
to 35 years and 19.1% are between 35 to 45 years and 16.1 are
above 45years.
2. 23.8% of the respondents belongs to raw material department,
23.8% of the respondents belonged to confectionery department,
19.1% of them to toffee department, and 14.3% to cropping /
packing quality and workshop 9.5%.
3. 19.4% of respondents are supervisors, 40% of respondents are
workers 16.2% of respondents are chemists and 24.76% are
belonged to the other designations.
4. 19.4% of the respondents said that their family size is 2 and
51.43% of respondents said that 3 to5 and 19.4% of respondents
said that 5 to 7 and 10.49% said that they are above 7.
5. 73.33% of the respondents are married and 26.67% are unmarried.
6. 83.3% of the respondents are Illiterates, 21.9% are below 10 th
standard and 25.7% are technical and 19.1% are Graduates.
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
10. 30.48% of the respondents are rarely absent because of the health
problem 45.72% are sometimes absent and23.80% are never
absent.
11. 59.04% of the respondents said that have more problems in
attending 3rd shift 20% of the respondents are facing problems in
2nd shift and 20.96% are facing in the 1 shift.
12. 80.95% majority of the respondents said the safety measures are
satisfied and 19.05% are un-satisfied.
13. 28.57% of the respondents said that they are absent to their because
of sickness problems. 25.72% are economical problems.
14. 19.04% of respondents are rarely absent 66.66% are. Sometimes
absent and 4.76% is always and 9.54% are never absent.
15. 40.95% of respondents said that the distance b/w their residents
and factory is less than 1 km, 20% of the respondents said that 1 to
5 km, and 15.24% said that 5 to 10 km and 23.80% said they are
above 10km.
16. 19.04% of the respondents came to the factory by bus 38.09% by
cycle and 14.28% are scooter and 28.59% are by walk.
17. 36.19% of the respondents agree they have the habit of drinking
alcohol, 30.48% have the habit of smoking and 11.43% said that
they have the habit of gambling and 21.90% said that they have no
such sort of habits.
18. 71.43% of the respondents are agreed that they are adjusted by the
economic conditions and 28.57% said they are not adjusted.
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
19. 55.23% of the respondents said that they have some creditors at
work place and 44.77% said that they so not have any creditors at
work place.
20. 19.04% of the respondents are absent to avoid creditors and
57.14% of respondents it is not cause and 23.82% are sometimes
absent due to creditors.
21. 9.52% of the respondents rarely feel bore on the assigned duty and
9.52% sometimes feel bore and 4.76% always bore and 76.20%
will never feel boredom.
22. 31.43% of the respondents are doing agriculture, 23.80% doing
business and 44.77% do not have any source of income.
23. 85.71% respondents have cordial relations with higher authorities,
9.53% have marginal relationship and 4.76% do not have any
relations.
24. 85.71% do not have quarrel with supervisors, 4.76% of respondents
often do it and 9.53%, sometimes they do that.
25. 19.04% of respondents are strongly agreed that they have bad
working conditions 20.91% strongly disagreed.
26. 95.24% of respondents that heavy work load is not a reason
24.76% rarely feel that it is a reason.
27. 71.42% of respondents are waiting for the higher
jobs/responsibility and 28.58% of them are satisfied with their
existing job.
28. 57.14% of respondents strongly agreed that training
programme on absenteeism has a good effect, 28.57% feel it as
agree and 9.52% disagree and 4.72% strongly disagree.
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
SUGGESTIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS/CONCLUSIONS
Suggestions:
The following are some to the suggestions in order to minimize absenteeism in
the company.
1. Many of the workers agree that they have good relationship with higher
authorities. Some may fear to talk with them, improving the
communication network, particularly the upward communication.
2. Since the literacy rate very lower only few members are the graduates and,
some of them are literates, so that by counseling the workers about their
career, income & expenditure, habit and culture. The company so what
can reduce the absenteeism rate.
3. By providing high wages and allowance based on organizational financial
positions.
4. Selecting the workers by testing them thoroughly regarding their
aspirations, value system, and sense of responsibility.
5. Most of the workers have bad habit like drinking alcohol, so personal
department have tell the effects of these habits.
6. Selecting the workers who do not have any other source of income (i.e.)
agriculture business.
7. The management should conduct regular seminars, group’s discussions,
social gathering orientations programmes on the problems of absenteeism.
8. The personnel department (HRD) of the factory must conduct the
interviews of the absenteeism cases and give proper counseling to the
workers.
9. The employees who are attending to 3rd shifts have to be provided more
benefits than the workers. In order to make them enthusiastic to attend the
workers.
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
Conclusion
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
Bibliography
WEBSITE
1. www.google.com
2. www.prenhall.com
3. www.yahoo.com
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
Questionnaire
1) Name
2) Age in years
a) Below 25 ( ) b) 25 to 35 ( )
c) 35 to 45 ( ) d) Above 45 ( )
3) Department
a) Raw Material ( ) b) Confectionery ( )
c) Wrapping ( ) d) Quality ( )
e) Toffees ( ) f) Workshop ( )
4) Designation
a) Supervisors ( ) b) Workers ( )
c) Chemist ( ) d) Above 45 ( )
5) Family Members
a) 1 to 2 ( ) b) 3 to 5 ( )
c) 5 to 7 ( ) d) above 7 ( )
6) Martial status
a) Married ( ) b) unmarried ( )
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
7) Educational Qualification
a) Illiterate ( ) b) Below 10th ( )
c) Technical ( ) d) Graduates ( )
8) Years of experience
a) Below 5 ( ) b) 5 to 10 ( )
c) 15 to 20 ( ) d) 20 to 30 ( )
11) Is health is one of the reason for your absence to the duty.
a) Rarely ( ) b) sometimes ( )
c) Always ( ) d) Never ( )
12) In which shift you are facing the none problems to attend the
duty
a) First ( ) b) Second ( )
c) Third ( )
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
13) You are satisfied with the safety measures provided by the
Mgt
a) Yes ( ) b) No ( )
14) What are the other problems you face to attend the duty
a) Sickness ( ) b) personal causes ( )
c) Social causes ( ) d) Economical causes ( )
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Study on Absenteeism of Workers
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