“Safety in the Real World”

This Presentation Will Include:

• How the Advanced Safety Awareness & Skills
(ASA&S) concepts evolved out of our
company’s 30 years of experience in
traditional safety management and traditional
behavior based safety processes
• Why companies need to teach their employees
Advanced Safety Awareness & Skills
• Basic principals and proven training methods
to develop a successful ASA&S program
• Q&A Session, Wrap Up
 “Safety in the Real World”

Electrolab Training Systems

30 Years
 “Reality Based Safety”

Advanced Safety Awareness

& Skills for Your Workforce

“Making Common Sense Common Practice”

SafeStart & SafeTrack Division

 “Safety in the Real World”

Why people will act unsafely

• Knowledge
– We don’t know about the hazards or the proper policy and
procedures for dealing with them
– We don’t realize we are acting unsafely – Unintentional and
Habitual behavior
• Ability
– We don’t have the proper tools, equipment, time, and training to
act safely
• Unmotivated to See the Risk or Improve
– “I’m safe enough”
– “Accidents happen to other people”
• Positive reinforcement of negative acts – ABC
– “It’s more comfortable without my PPE”
– “I can get done more quickly if I don’t lock it out”
 “Safety in the Real World”

Traditional Safety Management

• Engineering and ergonomic controls to eliminate,
control, and mitigate negative effects of hazards
• Written policies and procedures to ensure safe
work practices
• Training of employees about hazards and about
procedures
• Progressive discipline for failure to follow
procedures – “The Safety Cops”
 And yet we still have accidents caused by both
unsafe conditions and unsafe acts
 “Safety in the Real World”

Traditional BBS
Process
1. Identify common “unsafe conditions and at
risk behaviors”
2. Train portion of workforce to observe
people at work for these “conditions and
behaviors”
3. Give positive feed back for compliance with
rules & regulations
4. Discuss observed “at risk behavior” with
workers
5. Solicit improvement strategies from workers
6. Steering committee takes all feedback and
data and comes up with problem solving
strategies
 “Safety in the Real World”

Traditional BBS Results

 Suggestions for improvements to processes,
procedures, and physical plant to improve
safety
 Identify skill or knowledge gaps affecting
safety “where the rubber hits the road”
 From a behavior standpoint a tendency to
focus on “Deliberate” at risk behavior
which led to a “Blaming the Worker”
perception within the workforce
 “Safety in the Real World”

ABC Model of Behavior Influence

Antecedents
(trigger behavior)

Behavior
(human performance)

Consequences
(either reinforce or discourage behavior)
 “Safety in the Real World”

The Weight of
Consequences
Timing Consistency Significance

Strongest soon certain positive

soon certain negative
stronger later certain positive
soon uncertain positive
weaker later uncertain positive
soon uncertain negative
later certain negative
weakest later uncertain negative
 “Safety in the Real World”

Three Types of At-Risk Behavior

• Deliberate At-Risk Behavior

• Unintentional At-Risk Behavior
• Habitual At-Risk Behavior
 “Safety in the Real World”

Incident Causes
 “Reality Based Safety”

Injury Risk Patterns

States (Cause) Errors (Which cause) Less risk (To become) More risk
Major

Rushing Eyes Not on Task Major To Become Minor

Frustration Mind not on task
Fatigue Line of fire Minor
Complacency Balance, Traction, Grip
Close Calls
Close Calls

Hazards Hazards with

a critical error
 “Safety in the Real World”

Intentional Behavior
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Perception is Everything
 “Safety in the Real World”

Repeated Trends in BBS

Implementations
• Safety improvements always correlated with number of
observations made even when observers were not reporting
much deliberate “at risk behavior”
• Observer Team Members showed dramatically lower
accident and incident rates than other members of the
organization
• The act of doing the observations and talking about safety
and risk had the repeated consequence of raising personal
safety awareness (over time) and had led to a reduction in
accidents and incidents resulting from intentional,
unintentional, and habitual behavior
 “Safety in the Real World”

Unintentional Behavior
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Habitual Behavior
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ASA&S VS Traditional BBS

• Traditional BBS takes a long time to get
injury levels down (typically 3-5 years)
• In any company there were always a group
of individuals who were resistant to the
paternalistic BBS process
• Repeated injury patterns and skills for
preventing them (ASA&S) that we could
put into the hands of people for 24/7 use
 “Safety in the Real World”

ASA&S Basic Principles

1. Don’t Focus on Hazards;
Instead look at the way
people interact with those
hazards causing
accidents
 “Safety in the Real World”

Incident Causes
•Taking an unsafe position (10%)
•Not paying attention/being preoccupied (8%)
•Using improper procedures (22%)
•Being caught between (7%)
•Hazardous arrangement (5%)
•Poor housekeeping (8%)
•Failing to use PPE (12%)
•Falling to ground (4%)
•Unsafe lifting (11%)
•Using faulty equipment (5%)
•Poor communication (6%)
•???????????????? (2%) =100 %
 “Safety in the Real World”

ASA&S Basic Principles

2. Don’t Focus on
Deliberate At-Risk
Behavior; Instead
help people to
improve their
Unintentional and
Habitual At-Risk
Behavior
 “Safety in the Real World”

What Causes Most Accidents?

Hazardous Person Unexpected

Energy
 “Safety in the Real World”

Sources of Unexpected……

Events - something
unexpected happens without
you or someone else
involved (e.g. wire rope
breaks; traffic lights start
working incorrectly; coupling
fails; hose bursts; etc.)
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Sources of Unexpected……

Other People - someone

else's behaviour causes
or contributes to
incident/injury.
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Sources of Unexpected……
Self - Own actions
cause or contribute to
incident/injury.
 “Safety in the Real World”

Sources of Unexpected……

Self
90%

Equipment Others
5%
5%
 “Safety in the Real World”

Automobile Accidents - Source: NSC

100

80 95%

60

40

20
5%
0
Behaviour Events
 “Safety in the Real World”

Personal Risk
Fractures, Torn
Pyramid Ligaments,
Dislocations,
Concussions,
MAJOR Comas, 3rd
Degree Burns,
etc.
Stitches, Strains,
MINOR INJURIES
& Sprains

CUTS, BRUISES, SCRAPES

CLOSE CALLS AND NEAR MISSES

“Safety in the Real World”
 “Safety in the Real World”

Injury Risk Pyramid

MAJOR

MINOR INJURIES

CUTS, BRUISES, SCRAPES

CLOSE CALLS AND NEAR MISSES

 “Safety in the Real World”

Typical Personal
Injury Risk Pyramid

MAJOR 3-7

MINOR INJURIES 8 - 12

CUTS, BRUISES, SCRAPES 5,000 – 10,000

CLOSE CALLS AND NEAR MISSES 20+

 “Safety in the Real World”

? Self Area
?
?
?

Q1 - What Area Q2 – Weren’t Very

Were Almost All of Few the Result of
Your Accidents Deliberate At-Risk
From? Behavior?
 “Safety in the Real World”

Three Types of At-Risk Behavior

• Deliberate At-Risk Behavior

• Unintentional At-Risk Behavior
• Habitual At-Risk Behavior
 “Safety in the Real World”

ASA&S Basic Principles

3. People can dramatically
improve their Natural
Safety Awareness
Skills; Motivate them to
work on improving them
and then provide
Coaching & Training
 “Safety in the Real World”

Natural Increase in Safety Skills

S
a
f
I’m Safe Enough e
t
y

I’m Not Safe

S
Enough k
i
l
l
s

1 10 20 30
Age in Years
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Help People See the Patterns

 “Safety in the Real World”

States

 Rushing
 Frustration
 Fatigue
 Complacency
 “Safety in the Real World”

Critical
Errors

 Eyes Not On Task

 Mind Not On Task
 Line-of-Fire
 Balance/Traction/Grip
“Safety in the Real World”
“Safety in the Real World”
“Safety in the Real World”
 “Reality Based Safety”

Injury Risk Patterns

States (Cause) Errors (Which cause) Less risk (To become) More risk
Major

Rushing Eyes Not on Task Major To Become Minor

Frustration Mind not on task
Fatigue Line of fire Minor
Complacency Balance, Traction, Grip
Close Calls
Close Calls

Hazards Hazards with

a critical error
 “Safety in the Real World”

Critical Error Reduction

Techniques (CERT)
• Self trigger on the state (or amount of
hazardous energy) so you don’t make
a critical error
• Analyze close calls and small errors
to prevent agonizing over the big
ones
• Look at others for the patterns that
increase the risk of injury
• Work on habits
 “Safety in the Real World”

2nd Highest Priority

“Safety in the Real World”
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Learning Styles - C.O.R.D.

Logical

10%
Active Passive

Intuitive
 “Safety in the Real World”

Make Training Personal

Lead off with some accident stories of your own and
then get Employees to tell “Their Stories”

•Driving •Home •Work

•Farm •Sports •Youth

 “Safety in the Real World”

Get Them to “Take it Home”

The Learning Pyramid
Average retention of material presented in different ways
(according to an investigation by National Training Laboratories — Bethel, Maine)

Lecture 5%
Reading Text 10%
Audio-visual representation 20%
Demonstration 30%
Discussion group 50%
Learning by doing 75%
(immediate conversion of
Teaching others what you have learned) 90%
 “Safety in the Real World”

Safety- It’s Not Just At Work!

– ASA&S works…
• On the job
• On the highway
• At home
“Safety in the Real World”
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Off the Job V.S. On the Job Injuries

 “Safety in the Real World”

Off the Job V.S. On the Job Fatalities

• Every year in the United States and Canada over
35,000 people die in accidents at home. Compare
that to less than 6,000 accidental fatalities in all of
the workplaces, mines, factories and refineries put
together.
• A huge percentage of those accidental fatalities at
home will be children. Over 7,000 children last
year alone. There are more potential years of life
lost due to kids dying accidentally than from heart
attacks, smoking, diabetes, aids and cancer put
together
 “Safety in the Real World”

Natural Increase in Safety Skills

S
a
f
I’m Safe Enough e
t
y

I’m Not Safe

S
Enough k
i
l
l
s

1 10 20 30
Age in Years
 “Safety in the Real World”

Hazardous Energy Step Changes

H
S a
a
f ASA&S z
a
e r
t d
y Safety Cars, Motorcycles, o
Skill Snowmobiles, Power u
S Gaps Boats, Automated s
k Equipment, etc
i E
l Skateboards, Bikes, Climbing Trees, Sports n
l e
s Crawling, Walking, Running r
g
1 10 20 30 40 y
Age in Years
 “Safety in the Real World”

The Cost of Accidents

Direct Costs (the tip of the iceberg)

• Medical
• Compensation
 “Safety in the Real World”

The Cost of Accidents – Hidden Costs

• Time lost from work
• Loss in earning power
• Lost time by fellow workers
• Loss of efficiency due to break-up of
crew
• Lost time by supervision
• Cost of breaking in new person
• Damage to tools and equipment
• Time damaged equipment is out of
service
• Spoiled work
• Loss of production
• Spoilage – fire, water, chemical
• Failure to fill orders
• Overhead costs
• Litigation
• Company/Worker Moral
 “Safety in the Real World”

Off-the-Job Injury Survey

• Total number of respondents - 1,314 Companies

• Median company size - 300 employees
• Median recordable case rate - 3.9 occupational
injury/illness cases per 200,000 hours
• 60% of survey respondents believed that the cost
of off-the-job injuries to their company is greater
than or equal to the cost of workplace injuries
“Safety in the Real World”
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 “Safety in the Real World”

Thank You For Your Time

Does Anyone Have Any
Questions?
1-800-267-7482
www.safestart-safetrack.com