Maruwai Job Safety Analysis

Job Safety Analysis

Training/Information Module
Training Outcomes

ü Understand the terms: hazard, risk, potential event and

actual event
ü Understand the principles of hazard and risk identification
ü Understand how and when to use risk management tools,
such as the “informal” Checklist, Job Safety Analysis and
Risk Assessment
ü Understand when and how to complete a JSA
ü Understand what the hierarchy of controls is and how it is
to be applied

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Iceberg analogy
All Injuries
Fatalities
Equipment Damage
No Damage

JSA

Unsafe Acts

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Why Risk Behaviour is important
10 000 000 : 1
Fatalities
A Matter of Luck

Disabling Incidents

Recordable Incidents

First Aid Incidents

Unsafe, at risk behaviours

Gap in Safe Thinking

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Human Error

Human Error

Unintentional Intentional

Slips Violations

Lapses

Culturally Deviant
Mistakes Tolerated
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 The “Swiss Cheese” Model
95% of all incidents are due to unsafe behaviours.
Always ask:
What can go wrong?
What can cause it to go wrong?
What can I do to prevent it from going wrong?
Use the checklist on your card! Hazards

Hardware

Engineering controls

Systems

Training

Experience
Incidents
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Why?

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Risk Behaviour

- New evidence suggests that people who experience

the most injuries at work, differ from people with few
to no injuries in the same workplace.

- These differences are seen in three major areas:

- Recognition of risk
- Decision-making about risks
- Beliefs about safety

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 Recognition of risk

Being “risk sensitive” as opposed to “risk insensitive” is about:

• being more vigilant in monitoring for hazards and risks;
• taking more time to search for hazards and potential risks;
• being better able to recognise present or potential hazardous
situations or conditions;

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What is a hazard and a risk?
HAZARD
“A source of potential harm, injury or detriment”

RISK
“Exposure to the consequence of uncertainty. It has two dimensions,
the likelihood of something happening and the consequences if it were
to happen”
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Risk Assessment Basic Theory - Definitions

• Incident (or ongoing condition)

Any occurrence that has the potential to result in adverse
consequences to people, the environment, property/plant, corporate
well being or a combination of these.

• Likelihood
The likelihood of the final or “end” consequence that is determined,
and not the likelihood of the initial hazard occurring.
-Probability:
-Frequency:

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Risk Assessment Basic Theory - Definitions
• Consequences
The characteristics of the development of an incident over time and the
potential impacts on people (Safety and Health).
Consideration needs to be given to existing controls and treatment
measures that are already in place.
The consequence severity rating should reflect the severity of the
consequences that can occur given current control measures.
• Impact/Effect
The specific adverse impacts resulting from consequences.

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 What is a control?

HAZARD
A CONTROL is a strategy, Angry Bull
mechanism or approach to
eliminate a hazard or reduce
the level of risk associated
with exposure to the hazard.

CONTROLS for this hazard:

ü Keyed Lock
ü Steel Cage
ü Procedure for handling
ü Protective Equipment

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 Recognition of risk

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Recognition of risk

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 Managing Risks – 3 levels
Through THREE MAJOR processes:

Conducted before work commences on any job, so

Informal that hazards are identified and controlled. Hazards
Checklist identified and controls implemented.

Formal Conducted by a work group (on-the-job) to formally

risk assess (and record) hazards identified, prior to
JSA any work commencing

A 'facilitated' formal assessment of risks associated

Risk with a process, project, equipment, etc. Conducted
Assessment by cross-section of persons with an external facilitator
or an expert to ensure all hazards identified, risk
ranked and controls implemented
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Managing Risks – Informal JSA
Informal Checklist: Ø Pocket-sized card, carried by all
employees
Ø Ready for use prior to ALL work
commencing
Ø Simple ‘memory joggers’ and
prompts to make you stop and
think about the job to be done
Ø Questions designed to assist
you in identifying hazards
Ø If any hazards identified or if
unsure as to method of control,
Supervisor to become involved.
Ø Significant hazards to be
discussed with Supervisor.
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Managing Risks – Formal JSA

What is a Job Safety Analysis?

Established process for:

ü Identifying hazards on the job

ü Assessing likely harm to people, equipment and the
environment of such hazards
ü Devising measures to control the risk associated with
hazards
ü Reviewing job methods and developing safe work
procedures
ü Provides a consistent approach for all employees and
contractors with respect of ‘on the job’ risk management
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Would a Job Step Analysis help
here?

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 Or here?

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The Risk Assessment!

Bringing it all together – understanding the

difference between Extreme and Low risks
and
“making the right call”

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Risk Assessment and JSA – the connection…

• A JSA is task focused and is a “hands on” form of risk

management with risk assessment being the integral part –
breaking down the tasks, looking for hazards, assessing
them and applying the necessary controls.
• There are different levels/kinds of Risk Assessment – task,
qualitative, quantitative.
• JSA – task, RA - Process

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 JSA - The Process
Step 1: Stop and Identify the Hazards

Step 2: Assess the Risks

Step 5: Record Intolerable Risks

Step 4: Take Action to Make it Safe

Step 3: Manage the Risks

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JSA Procedure

Identify Task

Team Members and Team Leader decide if

Formal or Informal JSA required

Formal JSA Informal JSA

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JSA Procedure
Employees &
Agreement is
Supervisor
reached on the
conduct a formal
need for a formal
JSA
JSA

Job proceeds with

the JSA close at
hand

JSA is kept on file Review JSA once

with the relevant job is completed
department and update
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 Stop and Identify the Hazards
Hazard Checklist WHAT ARE THE HAZARDS TO YOU OR THE ENVIRONMENT THAT MAY BE
PRESENT? ARE THEY CONTROLLED?
1. Am I trained, qualified or authorised to perform the Work • Falls, Slips or Trips • Stored pressure (air/fluid)
job? Environment • Electrical Isolations • Dust
2. Can I be hit by anything? • Manual handling/ • Fuels
physical exertions • Change in condition
3. Can I hit or be hurt by anything or hurt someone else? • Housekeeping • Consider the impact
• Chemicals/fumes other work in the area
4. Can I be caught in, on or between anything? • Noise may have?
Work • Cardinal rules • Waste Management
5. Can I strain or over exert myself?
Procedures • Written procedures, • Are the procedures up to
6. Can I slip, trip or fall? work instructions, JHA, date?
MSDS, etc • Has there been a
• Spillage containment change?
7. Can I come in contact with something that may harm Competent • Trained/competent • Familiarity with the task
me, heat, gas, dust, fumes and electricity?
People • Fit for work • Awareness
8. Can I damage any equipment? • Authorised • Fatigue
Equipment • Correct tools • Fit for purpose
9. Are there any environmental factors that may prevent • Good condition • Meets standards
the job from being performed safety?
• Regular inspection
10. Does anything need to be isolated? Safe Behaviour • Safe position • Communication
• Alert to hazards • Attitude to work
11. Can I damage the environment? • Physical capability • Off-site impacts

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How to look for hazards?

Acetylene Tanks
Oxygen Tanks
Leads and Hoses
Tripping hazards
House keeping
Welding
Ventilation

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Preliminary Prompts

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Preliminary Prompts

• Are People (including me) safe?

• Is the Equipment safe?

• Is my Environment safe?

• Am I about to use a safe Process

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 Conducting a Job Safety Analysis
A formal Job Safety Analysis should be performed whenever:
ü A job where previous events have occurred, eg. near misses, injuries or
damage to equipment and/or environment.
ü A safety critical task is to be completed.
ü Work is being done for the first time, working in an unfamiliar area.
ü Jobs have changed, either the process of doing the job or the people and
equipment involved in the job have changed.
ü New people or those with limited experience are completing the work.
ü There are a number of tasks being done in close proximity to each other (ie.
Job interaction)
ü No written job procedures exist for the task.
ü Where the work requires a Permit/Clearance eg. confined space, working at
heights, etc.
OR…Where you feel that all
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Conducting a Job Safety Analysis
Separate the job into logical steps:
Ø Either discuss the job with the team or observe the job by demonstration
Ø Make sure the steps are ‘actions’
Ø Don’t make the steps too detailed or too brief so that you miss hazards
Identify the hazards:
Ø Identify all ‘foreseeable’ hazards or ‘potential’ events for each step, from
work environment and those introduced by the job process
Ø Ask yourself questions, like:
o Could any person – be struck by something, be caught, strain themselves,
slip and trip, fall from height, be exposed to something dangerous?
o Could the environment or any equipment be harmed?
Ø Be thorough and repeat the job steps to ensure all hazards identified
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Conducting a Job Safety Analysis
Develop control solutions for each hazard:
Ø For each hazard, methods should be devised to eliminate or minimise the
hazard (see below) that could lead to harm, by:
o Finding a new way to do the job
o Changing the physical conditions that create the hazards
o Change the job process to eliminate the hazard
o Try to reduce the necessity of doing the job, ie frequency

Hierarchy
of Controls

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Conducting a Job Safety Analysis
Conduct a risk ranking
Ø For each hazard, assess the ‘most likely’ outcome (consequence) if the
hazard is not controlled.
Ø Utilise the Risk Ranking tables of Consequence and Likelihood (below) to
determine if the risk is within the ‘acceptable’ range.

Instigate further Determine the Risk Ranking

CONTROLS if Check the range to ensure it falls into in
ranking outside the ALARP Range
‘Tolerable’ range

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Likelihood or Probability
Description
Level Likelihood (BHPB HSEC Risk Frequency
Management)
Almost
A Happens Often Once per week to once per month
Certain

B Likely Could Easily Happen 1 per month to 1 per year

Could happen and has occurred

C Possible 1 per 1 to 10 year
here or elsewhere

D Unlikely Hasn’t happened yet but could 1 per 10 to 100 years

Conceivable, but only in extreme

E Rare Less than 1 per 100 years
circumstances

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 Consequence and Severity
Property Environmental Impact
Level Injury Damage /
Consequence (eg. hydrocarbon spills)
Process Loss

1 Low No medical Treatment required Minimal financial Limited damage to minimal area
loss (<$10,000) of low significant

Low financial loss

2 Minor Objective but reversible disability Minor effect for biological or
($10,000 -
requiring hospitalisation physical environment
$100,000)

Moderate irreversible disability or Medium financial Moderate short-term effects but

3 Moderate
impairment (<30%) to one or more loss not affecting ecosystem
person ($100,000 - $1M) function

Single fatality and/or severe irreversible

4 Major High financial loss Serious medium term
disability or impairment (>30%) to one or
($1M - $10M) environment effect
more person

Major financial Very serious long term

5 Critical Multiple fatality or significant
loss environmental impairment of
irreversible effects to >50 person
($10M - $100M) ecosystem function

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CONSEQUENCES

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 CONSEQUENCES

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 Risk Management -
BHPB Risk Matrix

CONSEQUENCE SEVERITY
1 2 3 4 5
Likelihood or Low Minor Moderate Major Critical
Frequency
A Almost Certain High High Extreme Extreme Extreme

B Likely Moderate High High Extreme Extreme

C Possible Low Moderate High Extreme Extreme

D Unlikely Low Low Moderate High Extreme

E Rare Low Low Moderate High High

TOLERABLE ALARP ALARP INTOLERABLE

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Conducting a Job Safety Analysis

Identify any Additional controls to further reduce the risk

Ø Record further hazard reduction
controls on the JSA form
Ø Brainstorm now ideas on how the
risks could be further reduced.
Ø If the risk remains in the
“Intolerable” range do not
proceed with the task until you
have discussed the job with your
Supervisor and he approves the
work to proceed.

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Implementation

Safety considerations

Availability of resources

$ ¹
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Residual Risk

• The remaining risk left over after the controls have

been put in place

Is it Acceptable???

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 Risk Management -
BHPB Risk Matrix

CONSEQUENCE SEVERITY
1 2 3 4 5
Likelihood or Low Minor Moderate Major Critical
Frequency
Almost Certain
A
INTOLERABLE
B Likely ALARP Significant and urgent
Reduce risk Action required
C Possible
to

Unlikely
As Low As A
D
TOLERABLE Reasonably
Practicable
Monitor and manage Risk A
E Rare
A

TOLERABLE ALARP ALARP INTOLERABLE

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 Conducting a Job Safety Analysis
Record the Job Safety Analysis outcomes and initiate solutions:
Ø Complete all details on the JSA form
Ø Should there be any hazards remaining outside of the ‘Tolerable’ range,
your Supervisor will need to review the JSA and approve the work to
proceed.

Keep the JSA handy to

review as the job
progresses so that it may
be updated.

Give ALL new persons on

the job the JSA to be sure
they understand the job
hazards!

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 Maruwai Formal JSA Form
Risk Residual
Hazard / Potential Existing Current Control
Describe Job Score Further Controls Risk Person Completion
No Incidents / Risk Control Methods
Steps Necessary Responsible Time
Required
C P R C P R

List the natural steps What can happen at each Describe how defined hazards List how you are going to
of the job (not too step? Use the following can be managed or removed. manage your residual risks
broad and not too checklist. Can an Consider elimination / and how you are going to
fine) employee be struck by / substitution, engineering mitigate the potential adverse
caught on / contacted by / controls, administrative effects of residual risk.
struck against / contact controls, personal protective
with / caught between? equipment.
See checklist.

C = Consequence P = Probability R = Risk

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 Conducting a Job Safety Analysis

Review and update JSA at completion of job:

Ø Look at the JSA detail completed before the work commenced and go
through each of the steps to make sure you capture all of the hazards
you found and also reviewed the residual risk

Ø Update the JSA document so that it may be used next time this work is to
be done

Ø Give the completed JSA to your Supervisor for recording, retention and
forwarding to the Balikpapan Office

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 Record and Report!

• Record any intolerable risks for assessment and

inclusion into the site risk register – report findings to
your supervisor

• All INTOLERABLE risks must be reported to the

supervisor. Each must be assessed in accordance with
the HSEC Risk Management Procedures and included
in the site risk register.

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Remember

• Put the controls that you and your crew decide on into practice

• Check that the residual risk is acceptable

• Monitor the task, risk and controls

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 Workplace Safety

A safe workplace can only be achieved if WE

the Maruwai Project employees make safety
work!

WE have the most to gain and the most to lose

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Lets access some risks!

• Using a ladder to change a light bulb

• Changing a tyre

• Cutting down a tree

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