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Safety Management Objectives

• Learn to implement systems to eliminate or

prevent hazards.

• Learn about different types of hazard controls:

– Preventive maintenance and managing change
– Emergency planning, occupational health programs,
and contractor safety

Hazard Prevention & Control

Definition of Terms Identifying Hazards

 SAFETY - Freedom from danger, risk of threat or harm,

injury or loss to personnel or property whether caused
deliberately or by accident. • To identify the Hazards: look for
 HAZARD - The inherent potential of a material or activity
to harm people, material or damage property or
anything that is :
environment. –Dirty
 RISK - A measure of economic loss in terms of both the
incident likelihood and magnitude of loss. –Difficult
 ACCIDENT - A specific combination of events or
circumstances that leads to an undesirable –Dangerous (natural fear)
consequence, harm, injury, loss or damage to personnel
or property
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HAZARD SAFETY CATEGORIES HAZARD RISK CLASSIFICATION

DESCRIPTION CATEGORY OUTCOME

1A 1B 1C 2A 2B 3A 1 -Unacceptable, change required

Catastrophic I Death
1D 2C 2D 3B 3C 2 -Undesirable may change

Critical II Severe Injury

1E 2E 3D 3E 4A 4B 3 -Acceptable with review

Marginal III Minor Injury

4C 4D 4E 4 -Acceptable without review

Negligible IV Less than minor Injury

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HAZARD PROBABILITY LEVELS
DESCRIPTION CATEGORY ACCIDENT IDENTIFICATION
Frequent A Likely to occur frequently
B Will occur several times
Probable
Occasional C Likely to occur sometimes
Remote D Unlikely but may possibly occur
Improbable E So unlikely to occur
Hazard Control
• The first consideration for controlling hazards is
to eliminate the hazard or substitute a less
hazardous material or process.
• An example of this method is utilizing a water-
based paint rather than a solvent-based paint.
• This control measure minimizes flammable
vapors as well as eliminates health concerns
associated with solvent-based paints.
Hazard Control
• Applying this hierarchy is a systematic
approach to identify the most effective
method of risk reduction. You want to
select the highest-level feasible
control.
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Hazard Control
• Some control measures are more effective than
others at reducing the hazard.
• Be aware of the different types of controls
available and the benefits and limitations of
each.
Hazard Control
• When it is not possible to eliminate a
hazard, you should control the hazard
using the following methods (in order):
– Engineering controls
– Administrative controls
– Personal Protective Equipment
Hazard Control - Engineering
• If hazard elimination or substitution is not
feasible, engineering controls should be
considered next.
• Engineering controls are physical changes
to the work area or process that effectively
minimize a worker's exposure to hazards.
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Poka Yoke is a quality management concept

developed by a Matsushita manufacturing
Hazard Control - Engineering engineer named Shigeo Shingo to prevent
human errors from occurring in the production
• Enclosed Hazard line. Poka yoke (pronounced “poh-kah yoh-kay”)
– Enclosure of the hazard, such as enclosures for noisy comes from two Japanese words – “yokeru”
equipment. which means “to avoid”, and “poka” which means
“inadvertent errors.” Thus, poka yoke more or
• Isolate Hazard less translates to “avoiding inadvertent errors” or
– Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machine “error proofing”.
guarding, welding curtains, and other mechanisms.
Poka yoke is implemented by using simple
• Remove / Redirect Hazard objects like fixtures, jigs, gadgets, warning
– Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with devices, paper systems, and the like to prevent
local and exhaust ventilation. people from committing mistakes, even if they try
to! These objects, known as poka yoke devices,
• Redesign Workplace are usually used to stop the machine and alert
– Redesign of workstation to minimize ergonomic the operator if something is about to go wrong.
injuries.
Source: www.siliconfareast .com

Hazard Control Hazard Control - Administrative

• If engineering controls are not feasible you • Examples of administrative controls
must then consider implementing administrative include:
controls.
– Limited time exposure to hazards

• Administrative controls
– Written operating procedures,
– No physical changes
– Limits daily exposure to hazards by
– Work practices, and
• Adjusting work tasks or schedules.

– Safety and health rules for employees.

Hazard Control - Administrative Hazard Control - PPE

– Alarms, signs and warnings • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

– Used when hazards cannot be eliminated
– Buddy system through engineering or administrative controls,

– Must consider personal protective equipment

– Training
(PPE) necessary for employee protection

– Stretching exercises and break policies

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Hazard Control - PPE
• According to OSHA, PPE is acceptable as
a control method in the following situations:
– Engineering controls do not eliminate hazard
– While engineering controls are being
developed
– Administrative controls and safe work
practices are not sufficient protection, and
– During emergencies.
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Hazard Control
• The most effective control measure = all three
hazard control types.
• For example, consider an operation that
generates silica dust.
– A ventilation system may be installed to control dust
(engineering control),
– Employees are trained and a sign is posted to warn
employees of dangers (administrative controls) and
– Goggles are required to operate the equipment
(personal protective equipment).