Safety Management

Module 1:Basic Safety Procedures

1. Explain briefly the importance of safety at home

TOPIC and in the workplace.
OUTLINE
Basic Safety Procedures

A. Procedure in Hazard analysis in the workplace

B. Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene
C. Environmental MOnitoring
2. List down some unsafety acts that you have
encountered or observed.

LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, you should be able:

1. To explain the basics of accident prevention and

safety promotion
3. Identify the root cause of a particular minor
2. To understand the different types of hazards in the
accident that you have observed at home or in a
workplace.
workplace.
3. To evaluate the hazards identified in the workplace.

OVERVIEW

It is noticeable nowadays that a number of companies

considered safety management as equally important as
productivity and quality. They begin to understand that
safety, productivity and quality are inseparable and that
they represent totality of what job is all about. The
application of safety commitment on the same
business management principles, will effectively
control the onset of incidents, illnesses and
environmental damage.
Safety is everybody’s business or concern. Everyone
who works in a company has an individual roles to play
and positive attitude results to profit but begative
attitude results to losses.
PROCEDURE IN HAZARD
ANALYSIS IN THE WORKPLACE
The hazard analysis process is a systematic,
comprehensive method to identify, evaluate, and
control hazards in a system. The purpose of the hazard
analysis is to identify hazards to the system, evaluate
the hazards by determining their impact severity and
the probability of occurrence; rank those risks in a
prioritized order, and then implement controls to those
hazard risks.

Step 1: Define the System

PRE • Define analysis criteria
ASSESSMENT • Define physical and functional characteristics
• Define facilities, technologies, and equipment
• Understand and evaluate people, processes
Answer the following questions. and procedures

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Step 2: Identify the hazards Three Steps to Control Hazards and Accidents
• Identify hazards and undesired events
• Determine root causes of hazards 1. Identify the Hazard- inspection before and
investigation after
Step 3: Evaluate the hazards
2. Evaluate - by means of Occupational Health and
• Determine hazard severity Safety Standards, OEL, TVL, PEL, NIOSH, others.
• Determine hazard probability
3. Correct the Hazard
• Determine hazard risk
• Rank risk based on priority • Engineering control- eiminate or reduce the
hazard through:
Step 4: Resolve the Hazard
– Initial design specification
• Assume the hazard risk – Substitution
• Implement corrective action – Change the process
– Eliminate hazard – Isolation (place)
– Control hazard – Ventilation
• Validate control adequate • Administrative control - control of employees
• Verify if control is in place exposure
– Scheduled reduced work hours in
Step 5: Follow-up the activities
contaminated areas
• Monitor for effectiveness – Increased breaks
• Monitor for unexpected hazards – SOP’s
– isolation (time)
– Medical exams
FUNDAMENTALS OF – Workplace monitoring
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) - use of
a protective barrier to protect the worker from
A. Industrial Hygiene - it is the control of hazards to the hazard. Figure 1 are some examples of
acceptable limits it is the identification, evaluation engineering PPEs.
and control of hazards in the workplace.
B. Safety - is the freedom from accidents, harm, injury
and loss. It is the control of hazards and accidents
in the workplace.
C. Risk - the chance of physical or personal loss.
D. Accidents - it is usually the result of contact of
man with a source of energy above the threshold
limit of the body of structure. The occurance that
interrupts the normal and orderly progress of any
activity. The results in physical harm, damage to
property and delay in operation. Causes of
accidents are classified as:
(a) Unsafe Condition - seen as a physical or
chemical property of material.
(b) Unsafe Act - a violation of safe procedure
• Act of omission
• Act of commission
E. Hazard - The potential of an Act or condition that Figure 1: Engineering PPE
can lead to an accident.

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Module 1:Basic Safety Procedures
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
Monitoring is a systematic, continous, or repetitive
health related activity designed to lead to
corrective actions, if necessary.
Environment monitoring is conducted to evaluate the
hazards identified in the workplace. It documents
and validates your findings as to being safe or
unsafe.
Work environmental monitoring is carried out to
evaluate accupational hazards resulting from
exposure to following agents:
• Physical Agents
• Chemical Agents
• Biological Agents
THREE BASIC COMPONENTS
1. Identification (Recognition) -involves knowledge
and understanding of the several types of workplace
environmental stresses and the effect of these upon
the health of the worker.
2. Evaluation- the decision-making process resulting
in an opinion as to the degree of health hazard that
exist from chemical of physical agents from indus-
trial exposure.
3. Control- includes the engineering and administra-
tive control and PPEs
SOURCES OF DATA
1. Walk-through survey - this is done to pinpoint the lo-
cation of the existing health hazard so that proper
corrective actions can be taken and to identify po-
tential health hazards under normal and abnormal
conditions.
2. Chemical Inventory - includes material safety data
sheet (MSDS) and product safety data sheet (PSDS)
giving detail on the toxicity classification, structural
formula, description, physical data and others.
3. Process and Equipment review - by examining the
processes, you can determine the possible injuries,
health effects or accidents that are related here.The
purpose of this review are the following:
• To determine levels of exposure among work-
ers to various atmospheric contaminants and
physical agents.
• To assess the effectiveness of control mea-
sures.
• To investigate complaints.
• To determine compliance with state regula-
tions.
MONITORING TYPES
1. Ambient Monitoring is the total workplace atmo-
spheric contents.
2. Biological Monitoring
• Exposure Monitoring- detect presence of sub-
stabces in the worker even in low quantities,
possibly no health effects seen yet.
• Effect Monitoring- you are detecting the pres-
ence of materials in the workers through the
complaints or visible physical changes in the
workers health.
3. Health Surveillance- based on analysis of com-
plaints from workers, or annual summary of clinic
cases, you establish epidemiological relationships
that gives evidence to harmful substances in the
workplace.
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS IN MONITORING
A. WHERE to sample- samples should be collected at
or near the workers breathing zone or near the vicin-
ity of source.
B. WHEN to sample- samples should be collected dur-
ing, each shift, pre- and post shift, single and re-
peated shifts.
C. WHOM to sample- sampling must be done to the
most highly exposed employee with consideration
of the following:
• ventilation booths
• air supply index
• open doors and windows
• size and shape of the work area
D. HOW MANY samples to take - depends on the pur-
pose of the sampling and the sensitivity, accuracy
and reproducibility of the instruments must be con-
sidered.
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E. HOW LONG to sample - usually takes a complete cy-

cle of operation, however, for air sampling may vary
from shift due to: ACTIVITY
• air currents within the room
• process variations Answer the following questions.
• change in work practice by an operator
• variation in emission rate of a contaminant. 1. Explain the three steps to control hazards and
accidents.

BIOLOGICAL
MONITORING

Biological monitoring detects early health changes and

assesses effectiveness of productive equipment and
practice. The assessment of individual variations in
absorption, metabolism and distribution. Measures all
exposures, both occupational and non-occupational,
and all exposure routes.
2. It is an occurence that interrupts the normal and
orderly progress of any activity which results in
physical harm, damages to property and delay in
operation.

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED 3. Differentiate the three ways to control hazards.

• Required accuracy and sensitivity of equipment and

sampling methods.
• Reliability of laboratory techniques and procedures

• Cost of monitoring

4. What are the three basic components of

BIOLOGICAL STANDARDS environmental monitoring? Describe each
components in your own words.
1. The purpose of the biological standards are as
follows:
• To determine body burdens
• Amount circulating in blood
• Amount being excreted as unchanged
substances and metabolites
• Enzymatic changes 5. Give some examples of health hazards that you
commonly encounter in public places.
2. Specimens taken:
• blood, tissue
• Exhaled air
• Hair, Nails
• Feces. Urine

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Module 1:Basic Safety Procedures

SUMMARY

Safety is everybody’s business and everyone who works

in a company has an individual roles to play and
positive attitude results to profit while negative attitude
reults to loss.

Th fundamentals of industrial hygiene includes the

control of risks, hazards and accidents in the
workplace. The causes of accidents are classified as
unsafe condition and unsafe act. To control hazards is
to understand the engineering methods, administrative
methods of control and the use of personal protective
equipment.

Environmental monitoring is to evaluate the

occupational hazards resulting from exposure to the
physical agents, chemical agents and biological agents.
Factors to be considered in biological monitoring are
cost of monitoring, reliablity of laboratory techniques
and procedures and required accuracy and sensitivity
of equipment and sampling methods.

REFERENCES

[1] https://www.sgs.ph/en/training-services/health-
and-safety-training/occupational-safety-and-
industrial-hygiene

[2] https://ehs.ucsf.edu/occupational-and-
environmental-monitoring

Prepared by:
ENGR. IRENE F. SALVADOR, CPE, MSME
Faculty, Computer Engineering Department
College of Engineering and Architecture

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