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% FTP is the standard mechanism for sending
files from one host to the other.

% FTP establishes two connections between the

client and the server. One is for data transfer
and other is for the control information.

% FTP uses port 21 for control connection and

port 20 for data connection.


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% The control connection is made between the
control processes while data connection is
made between data transfer processes.
processes.

% The control connection is maintained during

sessions..
the entire FTP sessions

% The data connection is first opened, file is

closed.
transferred and data connection is closed.

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% File Types
% ASCII (for example : ASCII value of a is 65)
65)
% EBCDIC (for example : EBCDIC value of a is «)
% Image (for example : white 0 and block 1)

% Data Structure Type

% File Structure (Continuous Stream of bytes)
% Record Structure (file divided into records)
% Page structure (file is divided into pages)

% Transmission Mode
% Stream (byte by byte)
% Block (in a form of a block of X bytes)
% Compressed (using some compression techniques)
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 6
   6

% TFTP is used for transferring files without
authentication and no separation of control
information and data as in FTP
FTP..

% TFTP is frequently used by devices without

permanent storage for copying an initial
memory image from a remote server when
the devices are powered on
on..

% TFTP uses unreliable protocol UDP for data

transport..
transport
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% The fist two bytes specify the type of
message, which can be a request (download
or upload a file), a data/acknowledgement/
error message.
message.

% When the request is received the TFTP server

picks an ephemeral UDP port of its own and
uses this port to communicate with the TFTP
client..
client

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 6
   6

% TFTP transfers data in blocks of 512 bytes
bytes..
Each block is assigned a 2 byte sequence
number and is transmitted in a separate
UDP datagram.
datagram.

% A block must be acknowledged before the

next block can be sent else same block is re
re--
transmitted..
transmitted

% If the block size is less than 512 bytes, then

the receiver understands the end of
transmission..
transmission mÕ
 6
 


1. Clients sends a read request (RRQ) specifies

name of file.
file.
2. Server sends a data block of 512 bytes
bytes..
3. Client sends ACK ACK..
4. Server sends next blockblock..
5. Client sends ACK ACK..
6. Server will terminate the logical connection.
connection.
(if the size of the block is less than 512 bytes)

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1. Clients sends write request (WRQ) specifies

name of file.
file.
2. Server sends ACK ACK..
3. Client sends a data block of 512 bytes
bytes..
4. Server sends ACK ACK..
5. Client sends next block
block..
6. Server sends ACK ACK..
7. Client will terminate the logical connection.
connection.
(if the size of the block is less than 512 bytes)

m
 

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% A proxy server receives HTTP requests from a
browser, converts them in FTP requests and
sends them to the FTP server.

% The users can configure their browsers with

proxies for protocols that the browsers
cannot speak.

% One important feature is the caching. A

proxy server can be put inside a firewall. The
user can access the web but he is not
allowed full Internet access. m©



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