CHAPTER 3

EXCRETION

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• In this chapter, you will:
– Understand excretion in human
– Analyse the urinary system in human
– Analyse excretion in plants
• Keywords:
English Malay
Complex waste product Bahan buangan kompleks
Sweat Peluh
Mineral salts Garam mineral
Excretory organ Organ perkumuhan
Urinarry bladder Pundi kencing
Kidney Ginjal
Photosynthesis fotosintesis
 EXCRETION IN HUMAN
• The Excretion Organs of Human
– Excretion is a process in which living things
remove waste and other unwanted
substances from their body
– Human have 3 excretory organs:
• Lungs- water, carbon dioxide
• Skin-water, mineral salt, urea
• Kidneys- water, mineral salt, urea,
nitrogenous waste
 1. Lungs
• Are classified as
excretory organs
• Helps to remove
carbon dioxide &
water from the body
during exhalation

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 2. Skin
• Sweat is made up of Sweat pour Hair
water with dissolved
sodium chloride and
urea
• When we sweat, our
body excretes water,
mineral salts & urea
through the skin Sweat gland
 3. Kidneys
cortex medula
• The main excretory organs
• Remove the variety of waste
products from the body
• Include excess water, mineral
salt, urea & nitrogenous wastes
from the blood
• Waste products dissolve with
urine ureter
pelvis
• The urine is temporarily stored
in the urinary bladder
 Importance of Excretion
• Important process which keeping living things
alive
• Waste product, if not removed from the body
by the excretory organs, would become:
– Harmful, toxic, poisonous to our cells
– The cells will eventually die, followed by the death
of the organism

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 The Human Urinary System
Blood to Blood from
vena cava aorta

Renal artery
Right kidney
(to the kidney)

Left kidney
Renal vein
(from the kidney)

Urinary bladder

Urethra
 The Kidneys
• Dark read & broad bean-shaped
• Located at the back of the
abdomen, just below the
diaphragm
• The part of kidney:
– Cortex, medulla, pelvis
• Cortex- lighter outer region
• Medulla- darker inner region
• Pelvis- center cavity Urine to the
• Ureter- connects the pelvis to the urinary bladder
bladder
 The Functions of Kidney
• Filter the blood:
– contain useful substance (glucose)
– Waste product (mineral salt, urea & other
nitrogenous waste product
• Dissolved in excess water, forms urine
• The urine through the ureter into the urinary
bladder
• Useful substance (glucose) will remain in the
blood
Continued….

• Drink more water:

– Kidney will reabsorb only a small
proportion of the water
– The result- a larger volume of dilute urine
will be produced and excreted
• Excess mineral salt:
– Kidney will remove the excess mineral salt
– The result- urine with a higher salt
concentration is produced
 Importance of Maintaining
Healthy Kidneys
• Kidney can remove large amounts of waste
products
• Unhealthy & diseased kidneys often cannot
remove all the urea & other excretory waste
from blood
• The harmful waste in the blood poisonous to
the body cells
 Living with Kidney Failure
• An unhealthy kidney can be replaced with a
healthy kidney from donor
• A person can survive with only one healthy
kidney
• A common want to overcoming failure is to
use a dialysis machine
– Remove excretory waste product from their
blood

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 Excretion In Plants
• Excess oxygen diffuse through their stomata
into the air at the day- photosynthesis
• Carbon dioxide & water giving off through
their stomata at night- respiration
• When the parts of plant fall & decompose, the
complex waste product are removed
• Oil is another complex waste product that
excreted for certain types of plant
 Test
1. Complete the following table.
Excretory organ Waste product

2. What is the function of the kidney?

………………………………………………
………………………………………………
3. Label the part of kidney.

4. Name three types of excretory products of plants are

useful of human.
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
………………………………………………
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