Introduction:

Organizational behavior is the well modernized term in the books of the management. It is the
factor that deals with the response of the organization to the behaviors of its environment. The
business environment is combination of the factors of the business as well as the environment.
The business is defined as the way to produce the products or providing the services for the
money. Environment is the factors that are affecting it and the place where the business is living.
The environment is having the positive affect and also negative effect in the case of business.
Lots of factors that are governing the business are there. Some of them are internal factors and
some of them are external factors. We have to well analyze the factors affecting the business as it
is having potential to change the business from dust to everything. Some set of conditions that is
making the environment is the climatic, political, legal, social, economic status and more. There
occur lots of factors that provide the information to the firm to make change in its approach
towards marketing, managing, recruiting and more. So the organization has the responsibility to
behave to these kinds of situations.

Organization and the problems faced by them:

1. Lack of potential:

There are lots of opportunities for the students. But still they are not eligible for the position in
terms of the potential, either in the way of technical or in the way of external knowledge. Some
of the students are having the required educational qualification but lacking the interpersonal
skills, communication skills, lack of leadership qualities. For the product based companies they
are lacking with the people having experience in the relative field. People with the right potential
in one field are choosing the wrong side of their career. For this, the people have to weigh their
potential and then they have to choose the field they are about to get in. most of the people are
not trying to get into the field they are interested in. they wish to choose the field which is paying
them a lot. So the firm should take the responsibility to provide the persons with right quality
with the required benefits. The company is facing the problem of communicating with the right
people. The way of recruiting the people have changed a lot nowadays. The company wishes to
take the students with required quality directly from the college itself. So they are recruiting the
people having right potentials that are needed for the firm.

2. Climatic condition:

Some of the products of the firms are climatic condition oriented. They can’t sell those kinds of
product during other half of the climate. So their business is totally dependant on the climatic
condition available in the country. For example if the company’s main product is the summer
cloths then they can’t sell those kinds of stuff to the people at the winter season. So their
business is totally having its faith on the season change. At that moment they have to make new
products that can get released in the summer season. Their product making and marketing have
to be done to the great extent in the winter season.

3. Cross culture:

Some of the business is country specific. If they want to migrate to the new nations they have to
look upon the culture and other factors that will create problems to them in that nation. Some of
the things favorable in the native nation will not be favorable in the nation we were about to
implement the firm. Lots of factors in the foreign nation will be against the implementation of
the firm. One such factor is the mindset of the people. The products that are favor to one set of
people in one nation need not be favor to the other set of people in other nations. Some of the
examples is the food products of the china and Japan is some difficult to adapt to the European
and American nations. The vehicle part manufacturing company has to look upon the difference
between the transport mode in the developed nation and the developing nation and also the
underdeveloped nation. They cannot make a product common to all parts of the world and expect
them to accept it. The developed nations will have the roads as best one. But in the developing
nations, it is acceptable. But in the underdeveloped nation, it is worst to handle. So the types
making company have to look upon these issues. More than this there comes the marketing and
advertising issue that is different from different countries. The advertising in some nations are
like criticizing the competitor’s product.

4. Improper communication within the departments:

The improper mode of communication between the departments produces the unexpected results.
There are lots of departments within the company like the marketing, finance, auditing,
production, sales, human resource and more. For the effective way of running the firm the
organization should have the very good inter department communication modes. These things
are easily possible in the big companies that can adapt the software for this purpose. But for the
small and medium level companies it is tough. Some of the communication between the persons
abroad or onsite will be improper leading to the loss of resources. Example of this is whenever
the person in the onsite of a software firm wants to create a virtual server with the code 1232 and
want to delete the virtual server with the code 1323, supporting persons here creates a server
with code 1323 and delete 1232. This will lead to the service down of the services running in the
server with code 1232. So it will lead to the loss of huge amount of money regarding to the
number of services running on that server and also to the importance of the services.
5. Lack of managing capacities of the human manager:

The human resource manager has to consider both the welfare of the firm as well as the welfare
of the employee. There are two kinds of firm. One in which the employees are self motivated,
self disciplined and goal oriented, in this kind of environment the company need not make the
policies to rule the employee. They are already upto the industry standard and contributing to the
firm more. But some of the organization are having the employee with fewer standards and
lacking the interpersonal skills, leadership qualities. It is due to improper recruitment process. So
after that it is the responsibility of the human resource manager to provide them adequate
training to the job they are about to do.

6. Social economic responsibility:

The newest trend is taking care of the environment by the firms. The firms are making the
strategies to adapt itself to the changing trend of the market. For the marketing purpose of the
company product, the companies are now taking part in the environmental caring and allocating
some of its money for that purpose and changing the internal policies towards that goal.

How organizations solving the problems:

The organization are creating lots of strategies to come over the problems they are about to face
in the future. They are creating strategies in all the department of the firm to come over the
future problems. The strategies are based on the problems that a firm faced in its past and related
to the competitors of that firm and more.

Creating good infrastructure:

Infrastructure building is the basic for all the firms. The firms must have good building and
facilities inside the campus to create a good environment for the workers as well for the clients.
With having the good facilities and infrastructure, they can approach the big clients with
confidence. The Infosys, biggest Indian IT services providing firm followed this and create its
best infrastructure building and the facilities in the electronic city of Bangalore, India. That is
considered to be the largest by coverage area of a firm in the Asia. With that the Infosys was able
to attract the customers worldwide. The first impression should be the best one. So the
infrastructure plays an essential role in attracting the customers. We are about to provide our
services to the foreign nations. Because to them the local reviews of the company is not
available. Hence the infrastructure is the first thing going to impress them.

Making the rules and regulation in favor of employees:

Most of the rules and regulation are done in favor of the firm. Something like the working time,
CTC, salary packages, code of discipline in the company. All these things have to be well
analyzed according to the industrial standards and market rates. Code of discipline should be
analyzed from time to time. The people should not be treated according to the region, gender,
ethics, age and group, caste, religion and more. They should be treated equally in all aspects.
Even in the recruitment and the promotion that sort of things should be omitted. But still
recommendation is followed in most of the industries. But even in that too they will have all the
procedures for the interviews.

In most of the software firms they will provide the necessary equipments to do the job from the
home. Like the mobiles, laptops and more. But in this, the firms used to monitor all the activities
of the employee through the servers in which their logs have been stored. This is not fair. People
used to have their personal things in that. They are crosschecking their voice over the phone as
well as the mails in their official inbox. Some of the industries are having cameras all over the
industry and monitoring the employee status from time to time. This is needed in some kind of
industries for the security purpose. The cameras in the oil industries and the textile industries are
needed for the security purpose as they are more vulnerable to fire.

These kinds of security related things and code of conducts will threaten the employees as it will
discourage them to work for the code of conduct, not with their self motivation.

Performance appraisal and the reward management system:

In the industries the employees who are all contributing to the industry more have to be rewarded
with the benefits they should have. The performance appraisal has been done in some industries
with the help of software to appraise the employee potential. Else in some of the manufacturing
and in other industries they are closely examined by the managers and then the people are
rewarded according to it. For the manufacturing and the product developing firm the employees
have to monitor closely to make the necessary rewards. Because in the manufacturing and other
industries like this cannot take the performance of the employee by considering the result of the
system. For the companies involving working in the computer, it can directly appraise the
performance of the employee through the number of errors that person have done. And all the
performance data will reside in the systems itself. So we can access it later or feed it directly to
the system of performance analyser to take care of it. The human resource manager will provide
the rewards to that person, Based on the individual work or to the team as well. Sometime the
team will get the award as whole. In some product based companies the team that is producing
more number of products within specific time duration is considered to be the best. In one of the
well known steel making company, the team that has produced the steel with high quality is
considered to be the best and provided their rewards. Some of the companies will provide the
reward that is nearly equivalent to the yearly salary. Other companies will provide the rewards in
the form of promotion

Individual level of analysis:

This involves the study of the individual role in the organization. The individual’s part in the
team is the motivation, creativity, intergroup conflicts and cohesion, turnover, tasks and
performance of it, cognition, co-operative behavior, deviant behavior. This analysis is mainly
based upon the engineering and psychological factor of the individual. The intergroup conflicts
are the ability of the person to manage the natural conflicts that occur between the people in the
team with having different way of approaching a problem. So the person placing himself in these
kinds of situations is also determining the team efficiency. The co-operative manner of the
employee is important, as people are from different region and different background they need to
be more attentive to the nature of the teammates. They can adjust them in the hard situation to
ease the situation.

People should not always in need of external mode of motivation to do their jobs perfectly. They
should have the internal fire and desire to finish the jobs upto the satisfaction of the customers or
the higher officials. They should have thought like that they are working not only for the money.
But they are having an internal desire to prove the world something about them. The
psychological factors of the people should be considered from time to time and then they have to
manage the codes of the people according to the stress on people. This is the important factor in
getting the full potential from the employee. We should not stress the people beyond the limit.
They are like plastics we can bend them to a limit. After the threshold they cannot hold more and
will get break. Likewise the people in our firm should have equal amount of workload without
the effect of the seniority. Likewise they should be provided with the workload they can handle
for sure.

Group level of analysis:

As the group, the contribution of the team is the summation of the contribution of the individuals
as whole. Some of the terms that will arise as the team factors are inter and intra group conflicts
and helping tendency, leadership qualities, power, norms. In this type of analysis we will look
into the social and socia- psychological terms. Whenever there is a collection of teams then there
will be jealous, competition and more. Sometime the teams have to help each other to overcome
the projects hurdles. The team competition is a good one as it will lead to the increase in the
potential of the team as a whole. The leadership qualities are important and choosing a leader
among the team will be a great part in the success of the firm. The leader is the person who is
responsible for the ups and downs of the whole team. That person is more responsible for taking
all the decisions inside the team. So that person has to be a good decision maker. The power of
the person inside the firm matters a lot. The right person should have most of the powers to
control the firm. The power should not get shift to wrong person’s hand. The social behavior of
the person is also important as it is going to present the company in the outside world and also to
the representatives of the other companies.

Organizational level of analysis;

They have also involves some of the factors to decide the success story of the firm. Some of
them are organizational culture, technology; inter organizational conflicts and changes,
environmental forces and more.

Most of the analysis is focused more on the group rather than the qualities of the individual.
Since the trends are changing from dependency on the individual to dependency on group. After
the analysis of the group, the contribution of the team members to the team is to be done.

In some other trends and in some other companies that is having its outcome based on the sole
performance of the employee it looks for more performance from the individual rather than the
output of the group. In such cases the company will match the performance of the best person of
the company to all the persons and ask them to improve to that standard. It will expect the
persons to come over their personal problems by themselves. Something is like the stress level,
personal problems and more. They expect the employees to keep away these kinds of things and
ask them to concentrate more on the work rather than their individual life.

Some of the theories of the organizational behaviors:

The organizational theories and the response of the organization changed according to the
changing environment of the market from time to time. So the success and sustainability of the
theories will also get changed due to this.

Classical organizational theory:

This theory had its birth the early days of this century. It is the collective form of the scientific
management theory, administrative theory and bureaucratic theory.

The scientific management theory had been developed by the Taylor and since this theory is
called as taylorism. This system is based on the four steps that the firm is following as its four
basic principles.

1. Finding the best way to finish a task

2. Matching the right person to the right task.
3. Use the motivation techniques and closely examining the workers in their specific task.
4. Making the task of management as controlling and planning.
In this case, the first step in the planning is to find the best solution among the pool of solution
and to check whether that solution is resource reliable and it can be applied so that the task can
be finished within the specific time. Then that task has to be assigned to the right person. If the
task goes to the wrong person who is not having necessary experience in that domain then
assigning the job to that kind of persons is not needed and it will result in wastage of time and
resources. Then the individuals have to closely examine to check the status of the work as well
the employee from time to time. It will provide the best results from time to time. At the best
time of their working they should be motivated with the required things and at the times when
they are not concentrating well in their works they have to be threatened with the code of
punishments and getting fewer benefits. This will ease their work and reduce their stress. There
are lots of motivational trends in this time. But at the time of evolution of this theory, people
considered money as the factor of the motivation.

The main task of the management people is considered to be the planning and the controlling
part of the business. Because there is technical people and other labors to work for the firm. The
management needs to plan the necessary things and then they have to organize those people and
should help them in doing things. Planning part should be done with the higher concentration and
dedication. This stands as the most essential part of the business.

Even though this theory is successful in the earlier stages of the century when there were the
industries just in manufacturing and of classical ones, that theory is not suitable for the more
modernized firms of the today’s world. The theory gives more importance to the production that
the people. That is not applicable to the situation that occurs in these days. According to this
theory the people are considered to be the second factor in the success of the firm. But the
production can be increased a lot using this theory and it was achieved too. But still this thing
make the stresses to the people, provide less value to the pride of the worship and it is not
concentrating on the benefits of the people who are working for us.

Systems theory:

According to this theory all the departments and the fields of the firm is interrelated to each other
and the decision that has been taken in one department will surely affect the other department.
And the organization is considered as the open system. It should frequently interact with the
external factors. The external factors are the environment.

Case study: general electrical

This company was founded by the Thomas Edison in the year of 1878. It is operating in more
than 100 companies and having more than 300,000 employees worldwide. The general electrical
is one of the respected company in the market and it ranks in 6 th position in the fortunes 500
companies. We can choose our own choice of career in the general electrical as it is diversified in
more technologies.
Code of conduct in the GE:

1. The GE requires all of its employees to be honest, trustworthy and fair in all parts of
relationship within the company activities.
2. Personal and work should not get conflicted.
3. Provide the working environment in which all the employees can work in.
4. The employees should provide the safe measures to the workers as well as to the
environment.
5. Provide leadership in all parts of the business and try to have ethical ideas in the business.

Organizational behavior in GE:

1) Leadership at GE

The leaders in the GE are considered to be another version of the human resource manager. He is
having the responsibility to take care of his team and each individual in the team. That person is
having the responsibility to create the suitable environment for the individual to work in without
having any problem in their working methods. That person must create the situation in which all
the individuals should feel their responsibility and self motivated. The entire individual should
provide the rights to come up with the needed concerns for the improvement of the firm.

2) communication

Communication is considered to be a crucial factor in the GE. So they have provided all the
means to make the communication better. The entire person in the GE and can conduct the board
of directors and suggest the things about all the internal affairs as well as the concern about the
business. They are having the direct contact mail IDs of the directors.

GE’s Ombudsperson method allows the employees to raise his integrity questions and concerns.
The supervisor is the person by whom the concerns are solved, but still the auditor, legal advisor
and the next level of the management can also be contacted.

3) Measuring performance:

Performance is driven in the GE by the following factors: imagine, solve, build and lead. This is
four basic principles for the persons to whom they propose these ideas to increase their value in
the company. The leadership development of the GE comprises of the following terms curious,
resourceful, accountable, team work and committed. The ongoing appraisal methods and
evaluation methods helps the people in measuring their performance. It also provides them their
GE values inside the company.

4) Stress management:
Stress is the critical factors that should be taken into consideration always. Some of the project
works, meeting deadlines, downsizing and compelling the workers to work for the long time will
lead to the stress in the employee. At the GE they are providing the ways to people to get out of
their stress such as practicing the meditation, aerobic exercises and dancing. They are having the
special counseling section to the employee and teach them the way to manage the high work load
and stress. They also provide the ways to manage the external problems from the outside factors
as well.

5) Organizational culture:

It is one of the methods to differentiate the organization from the other organizations. Some of
the shared meaning in the GE is as follows:

1. The individual effort is more important than the team or group effort.
2. Rebels are heroes. The CEO of the GE jack Welch was once a great rebel against most of
the principles of the GE.
3. Encouragement is provided for going around the hierarchy.
4. Competition is provided more importance internally and externally according to the
principles of the GE
5. Loyalty is provided according to the performance.
6. Leadership comes from the individuals and not from the groups.