Implementasi Konsep

“Green Building”
pada Rumah Sakit
WORKSHOP
GREEN HOSPITAL IN
RUMAH SAKIT KANKER DHARMAIS
ACTION PLAN

Jakarta, 11 november 2009

Ikatan arsitek indonesa (iai jawa barat)
Woerjantari Soedarsono & Tuty Zardania
GREEN HOSPITAL = ECO FRIENDLY HOSPITAL
 Renewable energy

Sustainable materials Ecological value

Health and wellness

Passive strategies

Sustainable transport
Whole life cost
 Prinsip Dasar Rumah Sakit Hijau
1) Protecting the immediate health of building occupants
The health of patients, staff, and visitors can be profoundly affected by the quality of the indoor
air which in turn is dependent upon physical and mechanical design (such as ventilation and
location of wastes and toxics), the choice of building materials, the management of construction
emissions, and building operations and maintenance. Additionally, access to daylighting has been
found to favorably affect staff productivity and patient outcomes.
2) Protecting the health of the surrounding community
Local air and water quality is also significantly affected by building design choices. Off-gassing
building materials and finishes, construction equipment and HVAC systems directly emit VOCs,
particulates and other materials that can result in the formation of ground level ozone (smog),
and cause allergic attacks, respiratory problems and other illnesses. Land use and transportation
planning, landscape and water management on the grounds and water conservation efforts
within the building will influence the amount of toxic emissions released to the water and air
throughout the life of the building.
3) Protecting the health of the global community and natural
resources
The health impact of a building stretches far beyond its immediate community. The production of
building materials can result in the release of persistent bioaccumulative toxic compounds,
carcinogens, endocrine disruptors and other toxic substances. These compounds threaten
communities where the materials are manufactured, and, because of the long life of some of
these compounds, can risk the health of communities and ecosystems far from their release.
 Rumah Sakit
Hijau
• planning, design,
construction, operations and
maintenance
• designers, owners, and
operators
• U.S. Green Building Council’s
Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design
(LEED®) Green Building
Rating System
– LEED® for Existing Buildings
– Green Healthcare
Construction Guidance
Statement
LEED® for Existing Buildings: Operations &
Maintenance
September 2008

• Sustainable Sites
• Water Efficiency
• Energy & Atmosphere
• Materials & Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Innovation In Operations
Sustainable Sites

LEED Certified Design and Construction

Building Exterior and Hardscape Management Plan
Integrated Pest Management, Erosion Control, and
Landscape Management Plan
Alternative Commuting Transportation
Reduced Site Disturbance: Protect or Restore Open Space
Storm water Management
Heat Island Reduction: Non roof
Heat Island Reduction: Roof
Light Pollution Reduction
LEED for Existing
Project Totals
Buildings
85 possible base
points plus 7 for IO

• Certified 34–42
points
• Silver 43–50 points
• Gold 51–67 points
• Platinum 68–92
points
The BCA Green Mark Scheme was launched by the Building and
Construction Authority (BCA) in January 2005 to promote
environmental awareness in the construction and real estate
sectors.

Benefits of BCA Green Mark

BCA Green Mark provides a meaningful

differentiation of buildings. The
benefits of having a BCA Green Mark
building include:
- A reduction in water and energy bills;
- An improvement in indoor
environmental quality for healthy
living; and
- A reduction in potential negative
impact on the environment.
 Green Mark Criteria and
Scoring System
The Green Mark assesses five
key environmental areas:
- Energy Efficiency
- Water Efficiency
- Environmental Protection
- Indoor Environmental Quality
- Other Green Features
Green Mark Rating Green Mark Points

Green Mark
90 and above
Platinum

Green Mark GoldPlus 85 to <90

Green Mark Gold 75 to <85

Green Mark
50 to <75
Certified
Features of a Green Mark
building
GGHC GreenGuide for Health Care
• Green Healthcare Construction Guidance
Statement
• American Society for Healthcare Engineering
(ASHE) - January 2002 , versi terbaru jan 2007

Version 2.2 January 2007

Best Practices for Creating High Performance Healing
Environments
 GGHC
• Energy and water waste
• Use of dangerous materials and chemicals in
healthcare facilities
• Environmentally unfriendly building standards (carbon
neutrality)
• The perception that sustainable strategies cost more
• Concern over meeting the costs of the proposed limits
on carbon emissions
• The risks and challenges posed by climate change on
healthcare facilities
Panduan tiap tahap GGHC
• Integrated Design
• Construction – 97 point
• Operations – 72 point
 Construction 97point
• Integrated Design
• Sustainable Sites (21 point)
• Water Efficiency (6 point)
• Energy & Atmosphere (21 point)
• Material & Resources (21 point)
• Environmental Quality (24 point)
• Innovation & Design Process (4 point)
 Operations (72 point)
• Integrated Operations (5 point)
• Transportation Operations (3 point)
• Energy Efficiency (18 point)
• Water Conservation (8 point)
• Chemical Management (5 point)
• Waste Management ( 6 point)
• Environmental Services ( 9 point)
• Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (11 point)
• Innovation in Operation (7 point)
 Integrated
Operations
(5 point)

• Building Operations &

Maintenance: Staff Education
• Building Systems
Maintenance
• Building Systems Monitoring
• IAQ Management:
Maintaining Indoor Air
Quality
• Reduce Particulates in Air
Distribution
Energy Efficiency
(18 point)

• Optimize Energy
Performance
• On-Site & Off-Site
Renewable Energy
• Energy Efficient
Equipment
• Refrigerant
Selection
• Performance
Measurement:
Emission Reduction
Reporting
 Environmentally • Food: Organic or
Preferable Sustainable
Purchasing (11 point) • Food: Antibiotics
• Food: Local Production
/ Food Security
• Janitorial Paper & Other
Disposable Products
• Electronics Purchasing
& End of Life
Management
• Toxic Reduction:
Mercury
• Furniture & Medical
Furnishings
 Dasar Pemilihan
sebuah material

Penampilan visual

Harga

Performance

Ketersediaan

Dampak pada lingkungan?

Pemilihan Material dan energi yang
terkandung (Embodied Energy)

Menjelaskan kaitan antara material bangunan,

proses konstruksi dan dampaknya pada
lingkungan

Perhitungan energi dalam setiap pemilihan

material berkaitan dengan:
• Ekstraksi bahan mentah
• transportasi ke tempat pemrosesan/pabrik
• energi yang digunakan di pabrik
• transportasi ke lokasi proyek
• energi yang digunakan di da;am tapak untuk
memasang material

Energi terkandung (embodied energy) adalah

seluruh energi yang digunakan dalam produksi
dan distribusi.

Saat ini energi terkandung dalam material

menyumbangkan 15-20 % energi yang
digunakan oleh bangunan dalam 50 tahun
umur bangunan.

Prinsipnya semakin rendah energi terkandung

dalam material makin baik secara ingkungan
GREEN MATERIALS

Avoid ozone-depleting chemicals

Avoid foam insulation made with HCFCs. Consider
cellulose.

Use locally produced building materials.

Transportation is costly in both energy use and
pollution generation. Look for locally produced
materials such as stone.

Use salvaged building products

or products made from recycled material such as
cellulose insulation,

Seek responsible wood supplies.

Use lumber from independently certified well-
managed forests

Avoid materials that will off gas

pollutants: Solvent-based finishes, adhesives,
carpeting, particleboard, and many other building
products release formaldehyde and volatile
organic compounds (VOCs) into the air.
 Energi terkandung berulang,
dalam bangunan
merepresentasikan energi yang
tidak terbarukan yang
digunakan untuk merawat,
memperbaiki, menyimpan,
menggantikan material,
komponen dan sistem selama
bangunan berdiri.

Bila bangunan semakin efisien

secara energi, perbandingan
energi yang terkandung
terhadap konsumsi sepanjang
hidup bangunan menjadi
meningkat. Jadi untuk
bangunan yang mengklaim
Penambangan, Energi
pengangkutan, operasional “zero-energy”, energi yang
pemrosesan, minimal 50 tahun digunakan dalam konstruksi
pengolahan, distribusi, umur bangunan
konstruksi menjadi sangat signifikan.

canadianarchitect.org.cn
Persoalan penerapan
green hospital di
Indonesia
Keengganan pemilik danpengelola
rumah sakit untuk menerapkan
karena persepsi bahwa green design
tidak ada korelasinya dengan revenue
dan hanya menjadi beban komponen
initial cost yang tinggi

Kurangnya motivasi arsitek untuk

menerapkan karena dihadapkan
pada kendala waktu, biaya dan sikap

Kurang lengkapnya informasi yang

memadai tentang green hospital dari
pihak yang berwenang termasuk dari
produsen

Belum berjalannya lembaga yang

bertanggung jawab dalam
perumusan kebijakan, peraturan dan
penyusunan indikator-indikator
keberhasilan sebuah green building
healing garden
 REDUCE

• PENGGUNAAN ENERSI YG TIDAK

TERGANTIKAN
• PENGGUNAAN MATERIAL YG TIDAK
RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
• PEMBUANGAN LIMBAH YANG
MENCEMARI LINGKUNGAN
• PENGGUNAAN MATERIAL YANG TIDAK
TERGANTIKAN/ MELALUI EKSPLOITASI
LINGKUNGAN
 REUSE &
RECYCLING
• ENERSI PANAS YG KELUAR DARI
GENSET, BOILER

• AIR BUANGAN MANDI DAN CUCI DARI

KAMAR MANDI

• AIR CURAHAN HUJAN DARI ATAP DAN

LIMPAHAN DRAINASE HALAMAN LUAR

• KERTAS BEKAS FOTOCOPY

 REDUCE
KONSUMSI LISTRIK
- pemanfaatan cahaya alami
- menggunakan switch timer
- menggunakan jenis lampu hemat
enersi
- menggunakan AC automatic control
- membuat ventilasi alami berfungsi
pada ruang tertentu dan saat
tertentu

KONSUMSI AIR BERSIH

- menggunakan kran otomatis
- menggunakan air bekas untuk flushing
dan siram taman, cuci mobil
REDUCE
PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN
- mengurangi penggunaan material
polutant
- mengubah perilaku manusia terhadap
lingkungan
- mengusahakan Ruang Terbuka Hijau
- memperbanyak tanam pohon
- membuat sumur resapan, biopori,
kolam penampungan air hujan

EKSPLOITASI SUMBER ALAM

- menghemat penggunaan kertas
dengan menggunakan teknologi
informasi
- menghemat penggunaan bahan bakar
 AIR BUANGAN CUCI DAN
MANDI + AIR HUJAN
DARI TALANG ATAP
• digunakan untuk flushing
toilet
• digunakan untuk siram
REUSE & taman cuci mobil
• sebagai cadangan air
RECYCLING pompa kebakaran

EENERSI PANAS YANG

KELUAR DARI
GENSET/TRAFO/BOILER
• dimanfaatkan sebagai
sumber enersi lain

KKERTAS BEKAS FOTO COPY

• digunakan kembali pada
sisi belakangnya
• digunakan untuk
keperluan lainnya
LABORATORIUM
PEMANTAU
LINGKUNGAN

Pengolahan limbah cair,

padat, gas (Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle)
 HEMAT PENGGUNAAN
KERTAS

Penerapan Teknologi Informasi :

• HIS (hospital information system),
• CIS (clinical information system)
MENGUBAH PERILAKU
MANUSIA TERHADAP
LINGKUNGAN

• Stop penggunaan bahan

mengandung mercury dan
PVC
• Tidak menggunakan
incenerator yg
menghasilkan racun/polusi
udara
• Hemat penggunaan enersi
(lampu, AC)
• Hemat penggunaan air dan
kertas
• Memilah sampah di
tempat pembuangan
 ACTION PLAN
1. MELAKUKAN SURVEY UNTUK
PENDATAAN KONDISI EKSISTING
MELIPUTI ;
* seluruh instalasi mekanikal
elektrikal
* seluruh peralatan medis dan
kantor
* seluruh jenis material finishing
gedung

2. MELAKUKAN PENGKAJIAN
TERHADAP KONDISI EKSISTING,
MENENTUKAN BAGIAN APA YG
PERLU DIPERBAIKI/ DIGANTI
DENGAN MATERIAL/SISTEM
YANG RAMAH LINGKUNGAN :
* pertimbangan biaya
* pertimbangan waktu dan
pentahapan
3. MEMBUAT RENCANA DETAIL ACTION PLAN
UNTUK PERUBAHAN SISTIM
UTILITAS YANG RAMAH
LINGKUNGAN (AIR CONDITIONING,
WATER RECYCLING, WATER &
ENERGY SAVING)

4. MEMBUAT RENCANA DETAIL

UNTUK MERUBAH JENIS
MATERIALNON TOXIC (flooring,
painting, wall covering, roofing,
insulation etc)

5. MELAKUKAN ‘PUBLIC CAMPAIGN’

DI LINGKUNGAN RUMAH SAKIT
UNTUK MERUBAH PERILAKU
MANUSIA (karyawan, pasien dan
keluarga pasien)
hanya satu bumi