Transformations/Translations of Functions

Parent Functions:

Linear:

Quadratic:

Square Root:

Absolute Value:

*If there is a negative sign in front of , it will be a reflection over the x-axis*

(Vertical Stretch/Shrink):
vertical stretch by a factor of
vertical shrink by a factor of

(Horizontal Stretch/Shrink):
horizontal shrink by a factor of
horizontal stretch by a factor of

(Horizontal Translation):
shift LEFT units
shift RIGHT units

(Vertical Translation):
shift UP units
shift DOWN units