Festival Mondial des Arts Negres

ADIAS Science and Technology Exhibit

at
Le Meridien President, Dakar, Senegal
December 10-31, 2010
Prepared for The Delegates

* English Version
About this Document Table of Contents PAGE
This document is a compilation of the floor plans, modules and technical Exhibit Contributors 3
specifications for the Senegal World Festival Black Contribution
Overview 4
to Science and Technology Exhibit in Dakar, Senegal, from December
10 - 31, 2010. It was assembled to address the needs for better Exhibit Goals 5
communication of the exhibit and its planned layout at Le Chapiteau The Experience: Floor Plan: Flow of Information
at Le Meridien President, Dakar, Senegal. It serves as a comprehensive 6
visual communication for stakeholders, sponsors, and partners to The Experience: Floor Plan: Exhibit Modules 7
understand the breadth and depth of the exhibit. A. Introduction Video 8
This document is the property of the Robert R. Taylor Network, Inc. A. Introduction Wall 9
(RRTN) and is intended for its sole use and the audience to whom it B. History of Black Africa’s Contribution to
is distributed. This document is the copyright of RRTN. This document science and technology 10
can not be reproduced in part or in whole for any other purpose
without explicit written permission from RRTN. This document C. Modern Science Research in Africa 11
can not be used to replicate the exhibit in part or in whole without D. Thank You Wall 12
explicit permission or licensing from RRTN. This document is not
E. Advancement of Civilization Trajectories 13
to be used as a promotional piece, sold, duplicated or altered in
any fashion without explicit written permission. F. Blacks in Space 14
G. Black Achievement in Science and Technology 15
For further information, questions or comments,
please contact: H. ADIAS Multimedia Interactive Timeline, Encyclopedia,
Website, and Social Community 16
Darian Hendricks, CEO I. 25 Pioneers
Robert R. Taylor Network, Inc., 18
c/o MIT Center for Educational Computing Initiatives, J. Blacks in Science: Perception vs. Reality 19
77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 9-355, K. 100 Profiles Video 20
Cambridge, MA 02139.
Tel: 1-617-253-4058. L. Summary Wall 24
Fax: 1-617-253-8632. Technical Specifications 25
E-mail: info@rrtn.org.
Website: www.rrtn.org. Contacts and Partners 30
Community Outreach 31
Appendix: American Slavery and Inventors
Rod & Cathy Brown 32

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Exhibit Contributors
This exhibit was made possible by the contributions of several
individuals and institutions. We thank each person and organization
for their invaluable input to the realization of this exhibit.
CORE TEAM:
The Robert R. Taylor Network - Loic Assobmo, Tristen Graves,
Darian Hendricks, Tanu Henry, Anne Khaminwa, Chris Luna,
Adriel Mingo, Meg Westlund, Feng Wu.
ADVISORS:
Professor Wayne Dawkins, Hampton University; Dr. Cheikh M’Backe
Diop, Association KHEPERA; Professor Kenneth Manning, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, (MIT); Professor Sekazi Mtingwa, MIT; Professor
Ahmadou Wague, University of Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal;
Professor Cardinal Warde, MIT; Professor Scott Williams, State
University of New York, Buffalo.
CONTENT:
Association of African Universities; French Cultural Center of Boston,
Massachusetts; Professor Madiagne Diallo, Pontifícia Universidade
Católica do Rio de Janeiro; MIT Academic Media Production Services;
MIT Museum; NIHERST, Republic of Trinidad and Tobago; OMPI;
Professor Henrique Cunha Junior, Universidade Federal do Ceará;
Research Institute of Agriculture, Senegal; Research Institute of
Food Technology, Senegal; University of Dakar.
DESIGN:
Beyond MEASURE Productions LLC, Proverb Ltd.
TECHNOLOGY:
Dipity, IBM, Lenovo
PRODUCTION AND LOGISTICS:
Marianne Bathily, Exp Agency, Le Meridien President,
Ahmadou Jean-Charles Tall, WB Incorporated
SPONSORS:
MIT, IBM, Lenovo, Government of Senegal
This exhibition was produced by the Robert R. Taylor Network in
association with: Daren Bascome, Miranda Craigwell, Noah Christofer,
Logan Jones, Alesha Gunn, Jonathan Vergara, Kyle Marcella, Christine
Needham, Jake Radzevich, Jean Transtamar, Aniek Van Leeuwen.
Special thanks to: Djibril Diallo, Coordinator, U.S. Committee
for World Festival of Black Arts and Culture and Senior Advisor to
the Executive Director UNAIDS; Judi Hampton; Sonia Lawson.
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Overview
The World Festival Exhibit on Black Contribution to Science and
Technology showcases the contribution of Africans and the African
Diaspora from ancient civilization to the present. The exhibit will take
you through a journey of how people of African descent have always
contributed to our understanding of the world around us and the
advancement of civilization through scientific discovery, technological
innovation, and invention. Black people have been part of the
scientific community and continue to make significant contributions to
the advancement of human knowledge and economic impact through
invention and discovery for the betterment of mankind.

The exhibit begins with the contributions by early African Civilization

during the BC era to mathematics, science, systems, and engineering,
including present day research from leading African research institutions.
The exhibit then moves into an overview of contributions by black
people to 10 key industries - Agriculture, Communications,
Computing, Energy, Engineering and Materials, Environment,
Mathematics, Medicine and Health, National Security, Space
Exploration, and Transportation. There is a special tribute to the black
pioneers in space. Subsequently, the exhibit will immerse you in a
25 towering column maze of pioneers of science from the African
Diaspora. A multimedia presentation of interviews and profiles of
100 innovators will engulf you with what young people are thinking
about science today, leaders in the fields of science and engineering,
and the reality of the practioners. There is an engaging and interactive
multimedia timeline of black history in science and technology
looking at inventions, inventors, and firsts in the field with a linked
Wiki-like encyclopedia. Individuals will be able to add comments
and content via their mobile phone, computers on site, and from
anywhere with a web browser. This exhibit was created by the Robert
R. Taylor Network, Inc. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA in collaboration w i t h
Professor Ahmadou Wague, University of Dakar, and Cheikh
M’backe Diop. To learn more about the exhibit, please visit www.
blackworldfestival.com and www.adias.org.

http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtn

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Exhibit Goals

“Wow” “Cool” “Proud”

EXHIBIT OBJECTIVES:

• Create a sense of wonder: “Wow, I didn’t know that!”

• Reinforce the genius of science and technology: “Hey, that’s cool!”
• Engender self-pride in the accomplishments and contributions of blacks to sciences: “I am proud!”

AUDIENCE LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

• Black people have made significant contribution to the advancement of civilization through
science and technology since man’s beginnings in Africa.
• Black culture has and continues to contribute to society’s advancement and
economics through science and technology.
• Young black scientists and engineers can have an impact on society and economics.
• Robert R. Taylor Network at MIT in partnership with global institutions is creating
a digital media production celebrating black culture in science and technology.
Africa, specifically Senegal, is the first to debut the production.

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The Experience: Floor Plan: Flow of Information
This is a floor plan visually describing how someone moves through Why?, and Who?. The exhibit modules are given a letter to
the exhibit tent at Le Meridien. The exhibit information and sections are coorelate to a page in this book which describes the section.
arranged into areas which answer the questions, What?, When?,

WHAT is the purpose of this exhibit?

WHEN and How did black culture impact our world?
WHY is it important to celebrate black cultural contribution to science and technology?
WHO are the black scientists and engineers advancing society in modern times?

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 The Experience: Floor Plan: Exhibit Modules
The exhibit is comprised of 10 modules or sections. Nine (9) sections Each section is labeled with a corresponding letter and associated title.
are in the Le Chapiteau tent and one (1) section* is outside the tent, The order of exhibit modules has to do with location.
potentially in the rotunda lobby of the Le Meridien President hotel.
50 m (150’)

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20 m (60’)

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@ Le Chapiteau 2, Le Meridien President,

Dakar, Senegal
MODULES: 1
Plan
Scale: 3/32" = 1'-0"
WHAT WHY
A. Introduction Video and Wall F. Blacks In Space Wall * American Slavery and Inventors Display:
G. Video Compilation By Rod and Cathy Brown
WHEN H. ADIAS Timeline Location to be determined (TBD)
B. History of Black Africa’s Contribution
to science and technology
Ahmadou Wague and Dr. Cheikh M’backe Diop Display
WHO *Rod and Cathy Brown’s American Slavery and Blacks in Science posters

C. Modern Science Research in Africa
D. Thank You Wall
E. Advances in Civilization Timelines
I. 25 Pioneers Display commissioned by the Senegalese Ambassador to the United States were
added the week before all exhibit plans had closed. These paintings and
J. Street Interviews posters will need to be incorporated at Le Meridien upon arrival with Rod
K. 100 People Profile and Cathy Brown on Wednesday, December 8, 2010.
L. Summary Wall
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A. Introduction Video
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MESSAGE:
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The introduction video invites viewers into the great promise and
exciting future of science through the eyes and words of its youngest
stars. The intro video opens with a fictitious ‘view’ of what these stu-
dents see as scientists/mathematicians and students of color. The
intro video’s theme is the grand and noble charge given in
Phillis Wheatley’s epic poem, “Hymn to humanity”. Visually,
a bright and vivid universe creates a background for
extreme close ups of the students’ faces and graphic
manipulation of the eye using a version of Ron McNair’s
‘fish eye’ lens.

Phillis Wheatley was born in Senegal, Africa. At a young age she was enslaved
and brought to New England where she was bought by a family in 1761. Her
owners, John and Susanna Wheatley raised her with their children. Together
with their daughter, Mary, they taught her how to read and write and encouraged
her talent for poetry. Writing her first poems in her early teens, she become a
popular accomplished poet steeped in the religious and classical traditions of
New England. She was freed in 1773, the same year that she published a book,
“Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral.” This made her the first African
American to publish a book.

‘HYMN TO HUMANITY’’
I.
Lo! for this dark terrestrial ball
Forsakes his azure-paved hall
A prince of heav’nly birth!
http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtn Divine Humanity behold,
What wonders rise, what charms unfold
At his descent to earth!
IV.
Quick as the word, with swift career
He wings his course from star to star,
And leaves the bright abode.
The Virtue did his charms impart;
Their G-----! then thy raptur’d heart
Perceiv’d the rushing God:

II.
The bosoms of the great and good
With wonder and delight he view’d,
And fix’d his empire there:
Him, close compressing to his breast,
The sire of gods and men address’d,
“My son, my heav’nly fair!
V.
For when thy pitying eye did see
The languid muse in low degree,
Then, then at thy desire
Descended the celestial nine;
O’er me methought they deign’d to shine,
And deign’d to string my lyre.

III.
“Descend to earth, there place thy throne;
“To succour man’s afflicted son
“Each human heart inspire:
“To act in bounties unconfin’d
“Enlarge the close contracted mind,
“And fill it with thy fire.”
VI.
Can Afric’s muse forgetful prove?
Or can such friendship fail to move
A tender human heart?
Immortal Friendship laurel-crown’d
The smiling Graces all surround
With ev’ry heav’nly Art.

VOICE OVER
Recorded in both English and French by Afro-British Belgian performer and
Artistic Director of London’s Vocab Dance Company, Alesandra Seutin. FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 8
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A. Introduction Wall
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Along with a video montage, the exhibit opens with a strong temporal torian and researcher in the field of Science, Technology, and
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visual collage of the black experience in science and technology
from the African Diaspora to the current African Renaissance. This
image is overlayed with inspirational words describing the exhibit
and setting context to black culture in science and technology. By
way of a quote from “The Complexion of Science” by leading his-
Society, Professor Kenneth Manning, the audience is grounded
to the reality of the science community’s need to be more
inclusive and accepting of black and other non-white cultures
in order to advance our greater good.

‘The social dynamics of this struggle [participation in science by marginalized groups]

FROM AFRICAN DIASPORA TO AFRICAN RENAISSANCE.
Africans and people of the African Diaspora around the globe have changed
the world, not just with culture such as music, dance and art, but also with science,
technology, engineering, and math. Through their discoveries, inventions and
innovations that benefit every one of us every day, they have advanced civilization
even when society made it almost impossible. They have always contributed
to the world economy, but their contributions have not often been recognized,
and indeed have been stifled. This exhibit introduces you to African civilization’s
early contributions and to some of the formally and informally trained scientists
of African heritage. Their story hasn’t been told very often, but their legacy
is unstoppable.
have made the scientific community more turbulent, more complex, and ultimately more
diverse—whether the community acknowledges it or not. Newtonian optics provides a
useful analogy here. On the surface, a ray of light exhibits a uniform makeup. But when
viewed through a prism, light scatters into the many colors of the rainbow. Under the
prism of analysis, the scientific community similarly reveals its heterogeneity.
…To return, then, to our Newtonian analogy: as light passes through the prism, we
discern the myriad colors of the rainbow. In the scientific community, perhaps we are
witnessing the beginnings of a prismatic effect. The colors have been muted periodically
by the force of social and political circumstances. But to carry the analogy further, recall
how Newton took a second prism, positioned it in the path of the refracted rays and
resolved the component colors again into one ray. When we do that, we are in an
entirely new position. We can see both the separated rays and the unified ray—signifying
the capacity to focus, embrace, and focus again. If we do not follow through with both
parts of the experiment, choosing to fall back instead on the colorless image of what
people like to call “scientific objectivity,” we could forgo a rich, diverse level of participation
by all who want to be part of the scientific enterprise.’
Kenneth Manning, “The Complexion of Science”
Technology Review, Nov/Dec 1991, pg. 60

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 Fire Exit

B. History of Black Africa’s Contribution to

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Science and Technology

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PROFESSOR AHMADOU WAGUE AND DR. CHEIKH M’BACKE DIOP 60 - 65 FREE STANDING POSTERS

http://www.ucad.sn
. Vers la pensée symbolique
Périodisation Invention Date Commentaire
années
Outil de pierre 2.7 millions Lieux : Kada Gona (Éthiopie), Omo (Éthiopie),
Lokalelei (rives du lac Turkana au Kenya).

Exposition :
taillée :
Fonction : découper, forer, racler, …
basalte, silex,
- La préhistoire quartz …
Les outils de pierre, que les hominidés
perfectionneront au cours du temps, seront utilisés
- L’antiquité jusqu’à la période historique. Des formes
- La période post-pharaonique jusqu’au XVIème siècle standardisées des outils de pierre apparaissent.
L’atelier de taille le plus ancien identifié est situé à
- Du XVIème à 1960

Histoire
Lokalelei (rive ouest du lac Turkana, Kenya). Il est
daté de 2,34 millions d’années. Atelier de taille.
- De 1960 à nos jours Habitat 1.8 million ( ?), Lieux : Gorge d’Olduvai, Melka Kunturé (sites de
1 million Gomboré I, Garba XII).
Les vestiges (disposition particulière de pierres sur

des sciences et des techniques

1960 à nos jours le sol et délimitant une zone de forme ovale)
semblent indiquer la construction d’abris (huttes)
L’Afrique, origine de l’homme faits de branchages.
Feu 1.4 million ( ?) Lieux : Chesowanja, (Olduvai, Kenya), Bodo, Gadeb
XVIème siècle à 1960 (8E) (Éthiopie), Melka-Kunturé/Garba I (Éthiopie).
550 000 ans

Contribution de l’Afrique noire

Nombreux objets passés par le feu : pierre,
ossements, ocre, … portés à des températures de
Période post l’ordre de 400 à plus de 700° C.
0 pharaonique Domestication du feu et technique d’obtention du
feu.
Toumaï : Panier époque d’Ergaster « Récipient » naturel en écorce

Continent et Diaspora
6 à 7 millions d’années
Atelier de époque d’Ergaster Olduvaï (Tanzanie), Olorgesailie (Kenya), Hargufia,
Ahounta Djimdoumalbaye,
boucherie Gadeb, Melka-Kunturé (Ethiopie). Animaux :
Civilisations anciennes le découvreur du fossile, Tchad éléphants, hippopotames, ...
4000 ans
Art, parures À partir de Afrique du Sud, émergence de la pensée
164 000 ans symbolique.
Homo sapiens sapiens
200 000 ans « It's been suggested that the first thing Homo sapiens did once he and she had evolved was head for the beach. This
is demonstrated in dramatic fashion by a series of discoveries in Middle Pleistocene sediments from a South African
sea cave near Pinnacle Point. The finds suggest that by around 164,000 years ago, the residents were on a diet that
Origine de l’homme included shellfish — the earliest evidence for the exploitation of coastal resources by some 40,000 years. There is also
5-6 millions d’années evidence that they used pigments such as red ochre for symbolic behaviour. This was at a time when the world was

UCAD
going through a cool, dry spell, and Africa was mostly desert. Perhaps this environmental stress drove small bands of
hunter–gatherers down to the sea in search of new food sources and lifestyles. »

Dans l’état actuel de la science

l’Afrique est le continent de la
naissance de l’homme. Sur une
échelle de temps d’une dizaine de
millions d’années on a pu mettre
en évidence l’émergence et le
déploiement géographiques de
différents types d’hommes aux
capacités intellectuelles et
émotives de plus en plus
développées liées au
développement du cerveau : de
400 cm3 pour l’australopithèque à
Innovations africaines de la préhistoire 1400 cm3 pour l’homme actuel. Un
crâne au front haut , abritant des
Gravures et peintures rupestres
lobes frontaux volumineux,
distingue l’homme actuel (appelé
par les spécialistes homme
À partir de -35 000 ans
anatomiquement moderne ou
homo sapiens sapiens) de ses
prédécesseurs.

L’homme partage avec les grands singes africains Australopithèque

un ancêtre commun, ainsi que le postulait le Homo habilis
naturaliste anglais auteur de L’origine des Homo erectus – homo ergaster
espèces, Charles Darwin, en 1871. Homo sapiens sapiens
ST ICA CK

L’art se manifeste avec homo sapiens sapiens

0
FE AFR BLA

01
IVA N

Les premiers hommes anatomiquement modernes ou homo sapiens sapiens

L2

Des migrations …
D
RL
WO

Louis Seymour B. Asfaw,

Bassett Leakey Ethiopie
(1903-1972)
Omo I : 195 000 ans Kenya : Homo Idaltu : 160 000 ans

The site, called Blombos

Cave,
is near the southern Cape
shore of the Indian Ocean,
nearly 200 miles of Cape
Town, South Africa.
the artifacts date back
more than 70 000 years.

Découverte de petits
coquillages marins

http://www.ucad.sn perforés, dans la grotte des

Pigeons à Taforalt, Maroc
oriental : il y a 82 000 ans

Perles. Enkapune Ya Muto

Lac Naivasha, Kenya
- 40 000 ans

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C. Modern Science Research in Africa

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RESEARCH POSTERS FROM THE FOLLOWING AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES:

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(PLANNED BUT NOT CONFIRMED EXHIBITORS AT TIME OF PRINTING OF BOOK.)

• Association of African Universities

• University of Dakar
• Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle
• Research Institute of Agriculture
• Research Institute of Food Technology

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D. Thank You Wall

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In appreciation of all who have contributed both in-kind and monetary early 1900’s from the prestigious and world renowned institution
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resources to the project as well as a tribute to a significant black for science and technology, MIT. A special tribute is given to
pioneer in educating future blacks in science and technology, Robert His Excellency President Wade and the country of Senegal for
Robinson Taylor, a wall of appreciation was created. The wall also its leadership in inaugurating this global exhibit on black culture
showcases the first early black graduates in the late 1890’s and in science and technology.

ROBERT R. TAYLOR NETWORK WOULD LIKE TO THANK:

His Excellency President Abdoulaye Wade, the Government of Senegal,
and our host nation, The Republic of Senegal, for their leadership
and foresight to recognize contributions of Blacks in fields beyond the
arts. And we thank the African people who work everyday towards the
development of Africa.

SPONSORS:
• The Government of Senegal
• Robert R Taylor Network, Inc.
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• L’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar
• Lenovo
• IBM

CONTRIBUTORS:
• Dr. Cheikh M’Backe Diop, Association KHEPERA
• Professor Kenneth Manning, MIT
Some of the methods and plans of (MIT) have been transplanted to the Tuskegee institute and • Professor Sekazi Mtingwa, MIT
have flourished and grown there; if not the plans in full, certainly the spirit, in the love of doing
things correctly, of putting logical ways of thinking into the humblest task …of using them … to • Professor Ahmadou Wague, L’Université Cheikh Anta Diop
build up the immediate community. and in this way increasing the power and the grandeur of the • Professor Cardinal Warde, MIT
nation. This …should serve as a witness of the part which (MIT) is contributing to the scientific
awakening of the negro.” • Professsor Scott Williams, State University of New York – Buffalo
Excerpt From “Scientific Awakening of the Negro” • Darian Hendricks, CEO, Robert R. Taylor Network
by Robert R. Taylor 1911 MIT Technology Day • The National Institute for Higher Education, Research, Science and
Technology (NIHERST), The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago

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E. Advancement of Civilization Trajectories
A timeline of 10 key industries that signify civilization’s advancement
are highlighted in time with some of the contributions by blacks
from around the world to those industries and man’s progress to
PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION •
Butt To Graphic Displays
1980 =
Mark Dean débute une carrière chez IBM où il développe trois des
neuf brevets d’IBM sur lesquels est basé l’ordinateur personnel (PC).
Marc Hannah cofonde Silicon Graphics Incorporated, entreprise
1982 = fondée sur la technologie 3-D utilisée dans l’industrie du divertissement,
l’ingénierie, la recherche médicale et militaire.
1987 - John Henry Thompson invente le langage de programmation Lingo.
Il utilisera Lingo pour développer Macromedia et Shockwave,
2001 = programmes qui livrent des contenus audio-visuels sur internet.
Philip Emeagwali, scientifique et ingénieur invente un super
1989 - ordinateur qui peut effectuer 3.1 milliards de calculs à la seconde,
1996 = ce qui constitue le record du monde. Il y a réussi en créant un moyen
de relier les processeurs d’ordinateurs, devenant ainsi un des
précurseurs d’internet.
Ingénieur-électricien, Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande, reçoit le Prix Career
Award de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences pour son travail dans le
1996 = domaine des écrans plats, la technologie « vacum » appliquée à la mini-
électronique, et des semi-conducteurs à large bande. Il travaille
actuellement sur les écrans intelligents qui utilisent les pixels intelligents.
Mark Dean est admis au panthéon des inventeurs nationaux.
Dean et son co-inventeur, Dennis Moeller, ont inventé un système
1997 = de micro-ordinateurs qui partagent des informations avec des
périphériques comme les disques durs, les appareils vidéo, les
haut-parleurs et les scanners.
Mark Dean dirige l’équipe qui développe le premier microprocesseur
1997 =
d’un gigahertz qui peut traiter un milliard de calculs par seconde,
rendant ainsi les ordinateurs plus rapides et plus petits.
James McLurkin débute le Projet Swarm avec deux collègues. Le
projet est basé sur leurs recherches en robotique miniature et imite le
1999 = comportement des abeilles et des fourmis pour programmer des
minirobots à travailler à l’unisson. Les robots sont programmés pour
travailler de manière indépendante à un objectif commun.
Adekunle Olusola Adeyeye est nommé parmi les 100 meilleurs jeunes
2002 =
innovateurs par Technology Review pour ses recherches sur le procédé
« spin electronics », la nano fabrication et le nano magnétisme.
Janet Emerson Bashen dépose un brevet pour Linkline, une applica-
2006 =
tion informatique utilisée pour vérifier le respect du principe d’égalité
des chances égales en matière d’emploi. Elle est la première africaine-
américaine à obtenir un brevet pour une invention en informatique.
( Electronique_
Computing )
PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION • PROGRÈS DE LA CIVILISATION • ADVANCES IN CIVILIZATION •
Lewis Latimer dessine les plans de la nouvelle invention de Graham
1876 = Bell, le téléphone. Avec l’aide de Latimer, Bell put déposer le brevet de
son invention avant ses rivaux.
1884 =
Granville T. Woods dépose le brevet du transmetteur téléphonique.
Granville T. Woods dépose le brevet du système télégraphique à
1887 =
induction qui permet aux trains en mouvement de communiquer.
Il sera plus tard poursuivi par Thomas Edison qui prétendait l’avoir
Scale @ 25%
inventé. Wood gagna le procès mais mourut sans le sou.
1891 =
Philip Downing invente la boite aux lettres de rue, le prédécesseur de
la boite aux lettres d’aujourd’hui.
Otis Boykin invente une résistance de précision qui baisse les coûts de
1959 = production des ordinateurs, des radios et des télévisions. Cette résistance
a également contribué à la création du stimulateur cardiaque.
James E. West et son collègue Gerhard Sessler déposent un brevet pour
1962 =
le transducteur électroacoustique (microphone). Leurs technologies
sont présentes dans 90% des microphones utilisés aujourd’hui, y
compris ceux des téléphones.
1964 -
Valerie Thomas travaille à la NASA. Elle dirige le développement
de « Landsat »; le premier satellite à envoyer des images de
1995 = l’espace. Elle a également déposé un brevet pour l’invention de
« l’émetteur d’illusions » (1980).
Le physicien nucléaire Henry Sampson invente une cellule
1971 =
électrique gamma- électrique. Son invention permet la transmission
de signaux audio par des ondes radio. Cette découverte mènera à
l’invention du téléphone cellulaire.
1976 - La physicienne Shirley Jackson travaille aux laboratoires AT&T Bell. Ses
inventions incluent le fax portable, le téléphone tactile, la cellule photo-
voltaïque, les câbles de fibre optique et la visualisation du numéro de
1991 = l’appelant et des appels en attente.
Lincoln Hawkins reçoit la Médaille nationale de technologie des
mains du Président des Etats-Unis, George H. Bush pour des
1992 = avancées dans l’isolation des câbles plastique ont permis
l’universalisation du téléphone.
( Communications_
Communications )
Mark Dean begins a career at IBM that includes developing three of
IBM’s original nine patents for the personal computer (PC).
Marc Hannah co-founds Silicon Graphics Incorporated based on his
3-D technology research which is used in entertainment, engineering,
medical and military research.
John Henry Thompson invents the Lingo programming language.
He goes on to use Lingo to develop Macromedia Director and Shock-
wave, programs that deliver audio-visual content over the internet.
Philip Emeagwali, Scientist and Engineer, invents a supercomputer
that can compute 3.1 billion calculations per second, the world
record. He does it by devising a way for computer processors to talk
to each other, thus making him one of the founders of the internet.
Electrical Engineer, Akintunde Ibitayo Akinwande, receives the
National Science Foundation’s Career Award for his work in the areas
of flat panel displays, vacuum microelectronics, and wide bandgap
semiconductors. He is currently focusing on intelligent displays that
use smart pixels.
Mark Dean is inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame.
Dean, and his co-inventor, Dennis Moeller, invents a microcomputer
system with bus control means for peripheral processing devices
that facilitates the use of plug-ins such as disk drives, video gear,
speakers, and scanners.
Mark Dean leads the team that builds a one-gigahertz chip that can
process a billion calculations per second, helping to make computers
faster and smaller.
James McLurkin begins the Swarm project with two colleagues
based on his miniature robotics research at MIT. The project imitates
the behaviour of bees and ants to program mini-robots working in
unison. The robots are programmed to work independently towards
achieving a common goal.
Adekunle Olusola Adeyeye is named one of the world’s Top 100
Young Innovators by Technology Review. His research includes spin
electronics, nanofabrication and nanomagnetism.
Janet Emerson Bashen patents LinkLine, a software application used
to monitor Equal Employment Opportunity compliance. She is the
first African American woman to get a patent for a software invention.
Lewis Latimer drafts plans for Alexander Graham Bell’s new invention,
the telephone. With Latimer’s help, Bell is able to patent his telephone
before any of his competitors.
Granville T. Woods patents a telephone transmitter.
Granville T. Woods patents the “Induction Telegraph System”, that
allows moving trains to communicate with each other. He is later
sued by Thomas Edison, who claimed to have invented it. Woods won
the suit, but he died penniless.
Philip Downing invents the “street letter box”, the predecessor to
today’s mailbox.
Otis Boykin invents a “Wire Type Precision Resistor” that makes
computers, radios, and televisions less expensive. His resistor also
contributes to the development of the pacemaker.
James E. West and his colleague, Gerhard Sessler, receive a patent for
the Electroacoustic Transducer Electret Microphone. Their technolo-
gies are used in ninety percent of microphones used today, including
those in telephones.
Valerie Thomas works at NASA. She manages the development of
“Landsat,” the first satellite to send images from space. She also
receives a patent for inventing an illusion transmitter (1980).
Nuclear physicist, Henry Sampson, invents a gamma electrical
cell. His invention allows for audio signals to be transmitted
wirelessly through radio waves. This work leads to the invention of
the cellular phone.
Physicist, Shirley Jackson, works at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Her
inventions include developments in the portable fax, touch-tone
telephone, the solar cell, fiber optic cables, and developments in
caller ID and call waiting.
Lincoln Hawkins is awarded the National Medal of Technology from
U.S. President George H. Bush for a career in which his advances in
plastic wire insulation help make universal telephone service possible.
Adolphus Samms invente un mécanisme d’ouverture de parachute
qui peut être actionné à distance. C’est seulement l’une de ses
1958 = nombreuses inventions dont la pompe d’alimentation des moteurs de
fusées (1961) et d’autres qui ont fait avancer le voyage dans l’espace.
Wesley Harris est le pionnier de l’utilisation des ordinateurs pour résoudre
1979 = les problèmes de déplacements rapides d’air de la NASA. Depuis cette
expérience, la NASA a acquis des superordinateurs puissants.
Le cosmonaute cubain Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez devient la première
1980 =
personne d’ascendance africaine dans l’espace. Il est membre de
l’équipe de Soyouz 38.
L’ingénieur et colonel de l’armée de l’air à la retraite, Guion Bluford,
1983 =
Jr., devient le premier africain-américain à aller dans l’espace. Il est
membre de l’équipage de la navette Challenger.
Le physicien et astronaute, Ron McNair, meurt avec les autres
1986 =
membres d’équipage lorsque la navette Challenger explose
au décollage.
L’ingénieur-mécanicien William D. Harwell conçoit une manière de
1987 =
capter des satellites en orbite à partir de la navette spatiale. Plus tard
il conçoit un mécanisme d’adjonction magnétique et d’autres outils
poule programme spatial.
Mae Jemison effectue son premier voyage dans l’espace comme
1992 =
membre d’équipage de la navette Endeavour. Elle effectue des
recherches sur la cellule des os et est la première africaine-
américaine dans l’espace.
Bernard Harris devient le premier africain-américain à marcher dans
1995 =
l’espace.
George Alcorn reçoit le prix Government Technology Leadership
Award pour l’invention et la commercialisation du système LIDAR de
1999 =
topographie aérienne. C’est un outil qui détermine les reliefs sur les
planètes et les lunes en « regardant » à travers des couches épaisses
de poussière.
L’ancien astronaute, Charles F. Bolden, Jr., prend ses fonctions de
2009 = 12ème Administrateur de la NASA, le tout premier africain-américain à
diriger l’agence.
( Exploration
Spatiale_Space
Exploration )
Le champion du monde des poids lourds Jack Johnson dépose le
1922 =
brevet d’une clé à molette inventée alors qu’il est emprisonné pour
avoir violé la loi Mann (qui interdit aux hommes noirs d’épouser, de
sortir ou de fréquenter des femmes blanches).
George Alcorn obtient son doctorat en physique atomique et
1967 =
moléculaire de Howard University.
Sekazi Mtingwa co-développe une théorie des faisceaux de particules
1980 -
appelé diffusion des faisceaux. Cette théorie établit la limite de
1988 = performance de plusieurs accélérateurs modernes. Elle a également
aidé à améliorer le taux de collision proton-antiproton à Fermilab.
Thomas Mensah travaille pour Air Product and Chemicals en Penn-
1980 = sylvanie. Il améliore l’efficacité des procédés chimiques de création
un mélange plus pur de poly-acétate de vinyle, un polymère.
George Alcorn dépose un brevet pour son spectromètre à rayons X.
1984 =
Cet appareil améliore la compréhension des composants de plusieurs
matériaux. Pour cette découverte il reçoit en 1984 le prix NASA/GSFC
de l’inventeur de l’année.
James H. Williams Jr. Parmi ses réalisations, il y a les composites
1996 = renforcés de fibres. Il publie un livre de 854 pages intitulé Fondamen-
taux de la dynamique appliquée.
Cardinal Warde reçoit le prix Companion of Honour du Gouvernement
2003 =
de la Barbade pour ses dix inventions, dont le modulateur spatial de
lumière, les fenêtres en miroir-membrane basées sur les microsystèmes
électromécaniques (MOEMS).
Martin Culpepper est choisi par le MIT Technology Review parmi les
2004 = Nano 100 pour ses travaux de construction des machines qui
permettent la nano-fabrication de grande qualité et à bas coûts.
Herbert Winful de l’Université du Michigan publie un article réputé
2006 =
qui explique le paradoxe des tunnels quantiques en ce qui concerne le
temps mis par un atome pour traverser une barrière. Les tunnels
quantiques sont utilisés dans les microscopes à effet tunnel qui
rendent possibles les observations à l’échelle atomique.
Larry Sass, Directeur de Digital Design Fabrication Group au Massa-
2008 = chusetts Institute of Technology expose sa maison de fabrication
numérique destinée à la Nouvelle-Orléans au Musée d’Art Moderne
de New York.
( Ingénierie et
Matériaux_
Engineering and
Materials )
Adolphus Samms invents a parachute release mechanism that can be
operated remotely. This is only one of his many inventions. The others,
such as the Rocket Engine Pump Feed System (1961), further advanced
space travel.
Wesley Harris pioneers the use of computers to solve problems of
high-speed air movement at NASA. Based on his work, NASA is able to
acquire more powerful supercomputers.
Cuban cosmonaut, Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez, becomes the first person
of African ancestry in space as part of the Soviet’s Soyuz 38.
Engineer and retired Air Force Colonel, Guion Bluford, Jr., becomes the
first African American to go to space. He is a member of the space
shuttle Challenger.
Physicist and astronaut, Ron McNair, dies along with all other crew
members when the space shuttle Challenger explodes after launch.
NASA Mechanical engineer William D. Harwell designs a way to
capture orbiting satellites from the Space Shuttle. Later he designs a
magnetic attachment mechanism and other tools for the space
program.
Mae Jemison makes her first trip into space as part of the space
shuttle Endeavour crew. Her role is to help conduct bone cell research
studies. She is the first African American woman in space.
Bernard Harris becomes the first African American to walk in space.
George Alcorn is awarded the Government Technology Leadership
Award for the development and commercialization of The Airborne
Lidar Topographical Mapping System (ALTMS). This is a tool for
determining the elevation of landforms on planets and moons by being
able to “see through” thick layers of dust.
Former astronaut, Charles F. Bolden, Jr., begins his duties as the 12th
NASA Administrator, the first ever African American to lead the agency.
World Heavy Weight champion, Jack Johnson, patents a wrench he
invented while imprisoned for breaking the Mann Act (a law that
prohibited black men to marry, date, or associate with white women).
George Alcorn earns his Ph.D. in atomic and molecular physics from
Howard University.
Sekazi Mtingwa co-develops a theory of particle beam dynamics
called intrabeam scattering. The theory sets the performance limits on
many modern accelerators. It also helps to improve the rate of
proton-antiproton collisions at Fermilab.
Thomas Mensah goes to work at Air Product and Chemicals in Penn-
sylvania. He improves the efficiency of a chemical engineering process
for the creation of a much purer blend of the polymer, polyvinyl acetate,
than existed before.
George Alcorn receives a patent for his innovative imaging x-ray
spectrometer. This device improves scientists’ understanding of the
component parts of many materials. For his efforts he is awarded the
1984 NASA/GSFC Inventor of the Year Award.
James H. Williams Jr. publishes the 854-page book, Fundamentals of
Applied Dynamics, just one among his many research accomplish-
ments in advanced fiber reinforced composites.
Cardinal Warde is awarded the Companion of Honour by the Barbados
Government for his ten inventions, including the Microchannel Spatial
Light Modulator and Membrane-Mirror light shutters based on Micro-
Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS).
Martin Culpepper is selected as one of the MIT Technology Review
Nano 100 for his work building the machines needed to make
high-quality, low-cost nanofabrication a reality.
Herbert Winful, of the University of Michigan, publishes a landmark
paper that explains a quantum tunneling paradox regarding the
amount of time taken by an atom to tunnel through a barrier. Quantum
tunneling is used in scanning tunneling microscopes that enable
scientists to make observations at the atomic scale possible.
Larry Sass, Director of the Digital Design Fabrication Group at Massa-
chusetts Institute of Technology, displays his “Digitally Fabricated
House for New Orleans” at the Museum of Modern Art, New York.
Le Président des Etats-Unis George Washington nomme Benjamin
Banneker dans une équipe de prospection de la future Washington
1791 =
D.C. Après le renvoi du planificateur Pierre L’Enfant, Benjamin
Banneker joue un rôle central dans la poursuite du projet.
Elbert F. Cox devient Chef du Département de mathématiques de
1947 =
l’Université Howard.
Le théorème Rao-Blackwell émerge du travail de David Blackwell et
1950 = de son collègue C. Rao. Ce théorème permet l’amélioration des
performances d’un estimateur.
David Blackwell est nommé Professeur de statistiques à l’Université
1954 = de Californie à Berkeley. Il publie « La théorie des jeux et les décisions
statistiques ».
1965 =
David Blackwell est élu à l’Académie nationale des sciences. Il est le
premier africain-américain à être admis à l’Académie.
Le manuel de cours de David Blackwell « Statistiques de base » est
1969 = l’un des premiers sur les statistiques bayésiennes. Ce domaine
incorpore des connaissances antérieures, avec un jeu d’observations
courantes, afin de créer des inférences statistiques.
Francis Allotey fonde l’Université Kwame Nkrumah de Science et de
1972 =
Technologie le Centre Informatique, introduisant ainsi
l’enseignement informatique dans son pays, le Ghana.
Francis Allotey reçoit le prix Prince Philip Gold Medal Award pour sa
1973 = théorie « formalisme Allotey », une technique utilisé pour déterminer
la matière dans l’espace.
Kate Okikiolu devient la première femme à recevoir une bourse Sloan
1997 = Research Fellowship, la plus prestigieuse des récompenses pour les
jeunes mathématiciens. La même année, elle reçoit également la
Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers.
William Massey devient membre de Institute for Operations
Research and Management Sciences pour ses contributions et
avancées de l’analyse des systèmes de files d’attente. La théorie des
2006 = files d’attente est l’étude mathématique des systèmes incluant des
clients attendant d’être servis. Le travail de Massey a aidé à améliorer
l’efficacité des opérations des entreprises.
( Mathématique_
Mathematics )
Lewis Latimer vend le brevet de l’ampoule électrique à filament de
carbone à l’entreprise d’électricité des Etats-Unis. C’est cette
1880 =
amélioration de l’ampoule originale d’Edison qui mène à la fourniture
généralisée de lumière électrique dans les rues et dans les maisons.
Il inventera l’ancêtre de l’air conditionné (1886).
Granville T. Woods dépose des brevets pour le système aérien de
1888 - conduite des trains électriques, la batterie galvanique, l’interrupteur
1900 = d’électricité et le freinage automatique.
David Crosthwait crée le système de chauffage du Centre Rockefeller
1931 = de New York.
Marie Van Brittain Brown et Albert L. Brown déposent un brevet pour
un contrôle d’un système de sécurité domestique qui peut être
1969 = actionné à distance. C’est le précurseur des systèmes modernes de
sécurité domestiques.
L’ingénieure physicienne, Meredith Gourdine, une pionnière dans le
1973 & domaine de l’électro-gaz-dynamique invente « Incineraid » qui chasse
1987 = fumée des bâtiments en feu (1973), et un procédé pour débarrasser les
pistes d’atterrissage des aéroports du brouillard. (1987).
Clarence L. Elder dépose un grand nombre de brevets pour son
1975 =
système d’économie d’énergie « Occustat » qui utilise les détecteurs
de mouvement pour réduire le chauffage dans les pièces inoccupées.
Lester Lee dépose le brevet du laser au dioxyde de carbone, destiné à
1977 = fournir les faisceaux laser au moyen d’une expansion rapide de gaz.
Alfred A. Bishop dépose un brevet pour les améliorations de la
1978 = technologie nucléaire, particulièrement le « réacteur nucléaire à
couverture radiale ».
Une équipe de chercheurs du MIT dont Paula Hammond, effectue
2006 =
une modification génétique de virus pour créer de minuscules
batteries lithium-ion. Les virus modifiés collectent de l’oxyde de
cobalt et de l’or pour créer une anode, un des électrodes de la batterie.
( Energie_
United States President, George Washington appoints Benjamin
Banneker to a team that is surveying the future Washington D.C. After
planner Pierre L’Enfant is fired, Benjamin Banneker plays a central role
in keeping the project going.
Elbert F. Cox becomes chair of Howard University’s Department of
Mathematics.
The “Rao-Blackwell Theorem” emerges from the work of David
Blackwell and his colleague, C. Rao. This theorem allows one to
improve the performance of an estimator.
David Blackwell is appointed Professor of Statistics at the University
of California at Berkeley. He publishes the “Theory of Games and Statisti-
cal Decisions.”
David Blackwell is elected to the National Academy of Sciences. He is
the first African American to be inducted into the Academy.
David Blackwell’s textbook, “Basic Statistics” is one of the first on
Bayesian statistics. This field incorporates prior knowledge, along
with a given set of current observations, in order to make
statistical inferences.
Francis Allotey founds the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and
Technology Computer Centre, thus introducing computer education to
his country, Ghana.
Francis Allotey is awarded the Prince Philip Gold Medal Award for his
theory, “Allotey Formalism”, a technique used to determine matter in
outer space.
Kate Okikiolu becomes the first black person to win a Sloan Research
Fellowship, the most prestigious award for young mathematicians. In
the same year, she also receives a Presidential Early Career Award for
Scientists and Engineers.
William Massey is made a fellow of the Institute for Operations
Research and Management Sciences for his contributions and
advances to the analysis of queuing systems. Queuing theory is the
mathematical study of systems involving customers waiting for
services or resources. Massey’s work helps to increase the efficiency
of business operations.
Lewis Latimer sells the patent for the “Incandescent Electric Light
Bulb with Carbon Filament” to the United States Electric Company.
This is his improvement on Edison’s original light bulb invention that
leads to the widespread provision of electrical lighting in public and at
home. He goes on to invent a forerunner of the air conditioner in 1886.
Granville T. Woods receives patents for the “Overhead Conducting
System” for Electric Railways, the Galvanic Battery, the “Auto-
matic Safety Cut-Out” for Electric Circuits, and the “Automatic
Circuit-Breaking Apparatus”.
David Crosth wait designs the heating system for New York’s
Rockefeller Center.
Marie Van Brittain Brown and Albert L. Brown co-patent an audio-
visual door-monitor/home Security System that can be operated
remotely. This is the forerunner to the modern home security system.
Engineering Physicist, Meredith Gourdine, a pioneer in the field of
Electrogasdynamics invents “Incineraid” which helps remove smoke
from burning buildings (1973), and a method of clearing airport
runways of fog and mist (1987).
Clarence L. Elder earns a number of patents for his energy saving
“Occustat” system that uses motion detectors to lower thermostats in
a building’s unoccupied rooms.
Lester Lee patents the “Carbon Dioxide Laser Fuel”, designed to fuel
gas laser beams by means of rapid gas expansion.
Alfred A. Bishop receives a patent for developments made to nuclear
technology, specifically the “Nuclear Reactor with Self-Orificing
Radial Blanket”.
A team of MIT researchers, including Paula Hammond, genetically
alters viruses to create ultra-small lithium ion batteries. The altered
viruses collect cobalt oxide and gold to create an anode, one of the
charged ends of a battery.
Energy )
1834 = Henry Blair dépose un brevet pour le planteur de graines.
1836 = Henry Blair dépose un brevet pour un planteur de coton.
Norbert Rillieux dépose un brevet pour un évaporateur à raffiner le
1846 = sucre. Il est toujours utilisé dans l’industrie sucrière ainsi que dans la
fabrication de savon et d’autres produits.
George Washington Carver dirige l’Institut Tuskegee. Pendant les 30
années qui suivirent, Carver développe des innovations agricoles qui
1896 = revitalisent l’économie du sud américain. Il invente des utilisations
pour les patates douces, le niébé, les graines de soja, les arachides, et
d’autres produits.
1914 - Henry McBay prouve que les tiges de gombo remplaçaient
efficacement la fibre de jute dans la fabrication de sacs utilisés
1918 = pendant la première guerre mondiale.
1925 =
Lloyd Augustus Hall créé une nouvelle manière à sécher rapidement
le chlorure de sodium (sel) pour produire un conservateur de viande.
Fred Jones et Joe Numero déposent un brevet pour l’appareil de
réfrigération des camions cargos qui seront plus tard appelés Thermo
1939 = King. Ce produit révolutionne plusieurs industries y compris celles du
transport et des fruits et légumes.
Le biologiste Percy Julian synthétise la cortisone à partir de
1956 =
graines de soja. Cette invention réduit fortement le coût des
médicaments et soulage des milliers de personnes souffrant
d’arthrite et d’autres maladies.
1957 =
F.M. Jones dépose un brevet pour une méthode de conservation de
denrées périssables.
Emmett Chappelle commence ses recherches sur l’utilisation de la
1977 = fluorescence induite par laser pour vérifier à distance la santé de la
végétation. Son travail conduit à de meilleures méthodes de détec-
tion du stress des plantes.
( Agriculture_
Agriculture )
Garret Morgan dépose un brevet pour sa capuche de sécurité protectrice
1914 = contre la fumée. En 1916, il l’utilise pour sauver 32 hommes pris au
piège dans une mine. Plus tard, elle est améliorée et utilisée par
l’armée pendant la première guerre mondiale.
Percy Julian devient le directeur de recherche de la division des
1936 =
produits à base à soja de l’entreprise Glidden à Chicago. Il dépose
plusieurs brevets et crée une mousse ignifuge utilisée par les forces
armées pendant la seconde guerre mondiale pour éteindre les feux,
sauvant ainsi des milliers de vies.
1940 = Richard Spikes invente l’arme à canons multiples.
Ernest Wilkins Jr. rejoint le Projet Manhattan qui travaille à la fabrication
1944 = d’une bombe atomique. Avec le futur prix Nobel, Eugene Wigner, il
identifie l’effet Wilkins et le spectre Wigner-Wilkins, tous les deux en
rapport avec la physique des réacteurs nucléaires.
Phillip A. Carswell dépose un brevet pour une technique de cryptage
1944 = la logique sécurisée des arrangements cryptographiques, qui permet
de sécuriser nos communications nationales.
Henrietta Bradberry, une femme au foyer dépose un brevet pour un
1945 =
moyen pneumatique étanche qui permet de tirer des torpilles sous la
mer. Elle dépose également un brevet pour une ridelle pour accrocher
des vêtements.
1959 =
La résistance électrique bon marché d’Otis Boykin est à la base de la
résistance variable qui dirige les missiles téléguidés.
1969 =
Hugh MacDonald invente un système de catapulte qui éjecte les
pilotes des avions en perdition.
Pendant qu’elle travaille aux Laboratoires Alamos, la chimiste Betty
1986 = Harris dépose un brevet pour un test qui identifie les explosifs dans
un environnement normal.
1992 -
Pendant son mandat de Directeur du Programme Seawolf, Osie
Combs conçoit, développe et fabrique un sous-marin techniquement
1995 =
avancé pour la marine américaine, le Sea Wolf.
( Sécurité Nationale_ ( Médecine et
National Security ) Santé_Medicine
and Health )
engineering the world around him. The industries were also
selected based on their importance and impact on the African
continent, now and into the future.
Henry Blair receives a patent for a seed planter.
1798 =
Henry Blair receives a patent for a cotton planter.
1843 =
Norbert Rillieux patents an evaporator for refining sugar. It is still used
in the sugar industry as well as in the manufacture of soap and other
products. 1887 -
1904 =
George Washington Carver arrives at Tuskegee Institute to be the
Agricultural Director. Over the next thirty years, Carver develops
1887 =
agricultural innovations that revitalize the economy of the American
South, and invents uses for sweet potatoes, cowpeas, soybeans,
peanuts, and others.
1892 =
Henry McBay proves that okra plant stems could be an effective
substitute for jute fiber in the making of rope and fabrics for sacks used
in World War I
1892 =
Lloyd Augustus Hall devises a new way of flash-drying Sodium
Chloride (salt) to produce a widely used meat preservative.
1893 =
Fred Jones and Joe Numero receive a patent for the truck cargo
air-conditioning device that would later be called the Thermo King.
This product revolutionizes several industries including the shipping
and grocery businesses.
1923 =
Biologist, Percy Julian, synthesizes cortisone from soybeans. His
invention greatly reduces the cost of the medicine and brings relief to
thousands of people suffering from arthritis and other ailments.
1962 =
F.M. Jones receives a patent for a method of preserving perishables.
1999 =
Emmett Chappelle begins research on using laser-induced-
fluorescence (LIF) to remotely sense the health of vegetation. His work
2009 =
leads to better methods for detecting plant stress.
( Transports_
Transportation )
ELEMENT: B1_Timeline Wall 1
Garret Morgan patents his “Safety Hood” and “Smoke Protector”. In
1916 he used it to rescue 32 men trapped in a mine, and later it was
1893 =
refined for use by the Army in WWI.
Percy Julian becomes the Director of Research of the Soya Products
Division at the Glidden Company in Chicago, IL. He produced numerous
patents and products, including a fire-retardant foam used by the 1900 =
Navy and other armed forces during WWII to extinguish gasoline fires
thus saving thousands of lives.
Richard Spikes invents the multiple-barrel machine gun. 1936 =
Ernest Wilkins Jr. goes to Chicago to work on the Manhattan Project.
He is charged with building an atomic bomb. Together with future
Nobel Laureate, Eugene Wigner, he identifies the “Wilkins effect” and
the “Wigner-Wilkins spectrum” that relate to nuclear-reactor physics. 1941 =
Phillip A. Carswell patents an encryption technique, “Secure Crypto-
graphic Logic Arrangement”, that helps ensure that our national
communications and security are safe.
1943 =
Henrietta Bradberry, a housewife, patents a waterproof, pneumatic
means to fire torpedoes under the sea. Her other patent, in 1940, was a
rack for hanging clothing.
1970 =
Otis Boykin’s inexpensive electrical resistor becomes the basis for the
variable resistor that directs guided missiles.
1984 =
Hugh MacDonald invents a rocket catapult system that safely ejects
pilots from disabled aircrafts.
1988 =
Chemist, Betty Harris, receives a patent for her spot test for identify-
ing explosives in a field environment while working at the Los Alamos
Laboratory.
Osie Combs designs, develops, and constructs, the US Navy’s techno-
logically advanced nuclear submarine, SEAWOLF, during his term as 1997 =
SEAWOLF Program Manager.
ELEMENT: B2_Timeline Wall 2
James Forten achète l’entreprise de voiles de son employeur. Il va
ensuite créer une voile plus facile et plus rapide à manœuvrer. Son
entreprise est florissante et avec ses moyens Forten devient un
membre actif du mouvement abolitionniste.
Benjamin Bradley invente un moteur à vapeur assez puissant pour
tracter un navire de guerre à 16 nœuds (soit 29 miles). Cependant,
étant esclave, il ne put déposer un brevet pour son moteur et fut
forcé de le vendre.
Granville T. Woods invente plus d’une douzaine d’appareils pour
améliorer les trains. Parmi les brevets déposés, il y a le frein électro-
mécanique, le tunnel pour trains, le système de trains électriques,
et le frein à air automatique.
Alexander Miles invente la fermeture automatique des portes
d’ascenseurs et le système qui les maintient fermées entre les
étages.
Andrew Beard invente une variation du « Jenny coupleur », un appareil
dont les mâchoires horizontales se ferment automatiquement quand
deux voitures de trains sont en contact. Cette invention élimine le
risque que des hommes perdent leur vie ou leurs membres en reliant
manuellement les voitures de trains.
Granville T. Woods développe une méthode de fourniture d’électricité
aux trains sans câbles apparents et sans batteries. Il développera
ensuite le concept de troisième rail encore de nos jours utilisé sur les
plateformes de métros.
Elijah McCoy nait. Formé en mécanique et en ingénierie en Ecosse,
McCoy invente une tasse de lubrification qui maintient huilées les
parties mobiles d’un train. L’invention de McCoy eut tellement de
succès que l’expression « le vrai McCoy » fut créée pour décrire les
appareils fiables.
Garret Morgan dépose un brevet pour le feu de signalisation Morgan.
Plusieurs systèmes de signalisation avaient auparavant été brevetés,
mais celui-ci est produit à bas coût et est le début de nos feux de
signalisation modernes.
Richard Spikes dépose un brevet pour le système de freinage
automatique qui permet un freinage alternatif en cas de dommage
aux freins normaux d’une voiture. Il a également inventé la transmission
automatique des véhicules (1932) et a travaillé aux feux directionnels
des automobiles (1913).
Michael Burton rejoint General Motors. Il est le designer en chef des
extérieurs de la Cadillac SRX et de la STS. Il est actuellement
directeur du design intérieur et travaille sur les tractions avant pour
GMC, Saturn et Buick.
Le nigérian Jelani Aliyu, chef designer de General Motors travaille
dans l’équipe qui a conçu la Chevrolet Volt, la première voiture de
masse à moteur électrique.
Le Dr. Daniel Hale Williams effectue la première opération à cœur
ouvert. Il est également le fondateur de l’Hôpital Provident de
Chicago qui fut le premier hôpital des Etats-Unis appartenant à un
africain-américain.
Granville T. Woods dépose un brevet pour la couveuse qui est une de
ses nombreuses inventions dans l’électricité et la communication.
Berry Leonidas invente un instrument de vision directe appelée la
sonde de gastroscopie utilisée pour enlever des tissus malades de
l’estomac.
Charles Drew est le pionnier d’un système de conservation du sang
qui fut déterminant dans la création de la première banque de sang.
Ses efforts ont sauvé des milliers de vie pendant la deuxième guerre
mondiale. Il crée les opérations de dons de sang au profit de la Croix
Rouge américaine.
L’inventeur autodidacte Fred Jones invente la machine à rayons X
portative. Il ne dépose pas de brevet pour son invention et malheu-
reusement verra d’autres hommes s’enrichir avec leurs versions
de la machine.
Dewey Sanderson invente la machine d’analyse urinaire.
Benjamin Carson devient le premier directeur de neurochirurgie
pédiatrique de l’Hôpital John Hopkins.
Patricia Bath dépose un brevet pour la sonde Laserphaco, un appareil
qui aide à supprimer la couche blanche des yeux (cataracte) d’une
manière plus précise. Elle est la première femme-médecin noire à
déposer un brevet.
Benjamin Carson effectue la première séparation de siamois
craniopagus de type II. Il effectue également le premier placement
intra-utérin de shunt pour un jumeau hydrocéphale.
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TRAJECTORIES:
• Computing
James Forten buys his employer’s sail company. He goes on to
invent a sail that could be better maneuvered at higher speeds. His
business succeeded, and with his newfound wealth he becomes
active in the abolitionist movement.
Benjamin Bradley invents a steam engine powerful enough to move
a battleship at sixteen knots (or 29 KPH). However since Bradley is
enslaved, he is unable to patent his engine, and is forced to sell it to
someone else.
Granville T. Woods invents more than a dozen devices to improve
electric railway cars. Some patents include the Electromechanical
Brake, the Electromotive Railway, Tunnel Construction for Electric
Railways, Electric Railway System, and the Automatic Air Brake.
• Space Exploration
Alexander Miles invents the automatic closing doors on elevators
and the locking system that keeps them shut when the elevator is
not on that floor.
Andrew Beard invents a variation to the “Jenny coupler”, a device in
which horizontal jaws automatically lock together when two train
cars bump into each other. This invention eliminates the need for
men to risk life and limb by manually linking train cars.
Granville T. Woods develops a method for supplying electricity to a
train without exposed cables or batteries. He subsequently develops
the concept of the third rail that is still used on subway train
platforms today.
Elijah McCoy is born. Educated in mechanics and engineering in
• Mathematics
Scotland, McCoy goes on to invent an automatic lubricating cup for
keeping the moving parts of a train oiled. McCoy’s invention is so
successful that the phrase “the real McCoy” was coined to describe
well-made devices.
Garret Morgan receives a patent for the Morgan Traffic Light. Though
many had patented traffic light systems before, his was inexpensive
to produce and formed the basis of our modern traffic light.
Richard Spikes invents an improved automatic gearshift for cars. He
is also known for his work on directional signals and the automatic
safety brakes.
• Agriculture
Michael Burton joins General Motors. He is the lead designer on the
exteriors of the Cadillac SRX and STS. He is currently director of interior
design working on the front-wheel-drive platforms for GMC, Saturn
and Buick.
Nigerian Jelani Aliyu, a lead creative designer of General Motors, is on
the team that designs the Chevrolet Volt, the first mass-market
vehicle to operate on an electric motor.
• Transportation
• Communications
• Engineering and Materials
• Energy
• National Security
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams performs the first successful open heart
surgery. He is also the founder of the Provident Hospital in Chicago
which is the first African-American-owned hospital in the United States.
• Medicine and Health
Granville T. Woods patents the egg incubator, just one of his many
electrical and communication inventions.
Berry Leonidas invents a direct vision instrument called the Gastros-
copy scope used to remove diseased stomach tissue from a patient.
Charles Drew pioneers a way to preserve blood that is instrumental in
the establishment of the first blood bank. His efforts save thousands
of lives in WWII and form the foundation of the American Red Cross’
blood drives.
Self-educated inventor, Fred Jones, invents the portable x-ray machine.
He did not patent his invention and unfortunately witnessed other men
make fortunes off their versions of the machine.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Dewey Sanderson invents the urinalysis machine.
The criteria used in compiling this list was:
Benjamin Carson becomes the director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at
Johns Hopkins Hospital.
• Innovation
Patricia Bath receives a patent for the Laserphaco Probe, a device that
can help remove cloudy lenses in the eyes (cataracts) in a less invasive
and more accurate way than previous methods. She is the first black
female doctor ever to receive a patent.
• Impact of invention or accomplishment
Benjamin Carson performs the first completely successful separation
of type-2 vertical craniopagus (Siamese) twins. He also performs
the first successful placement of an intrauterine shunt for a
hydrocephalic twin.
• Created by an African, African-American
or Afro-Caribbean
PG 13
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F. Blacks in Space
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Blacks in Space gives tribute to all the black astronauts in the space programs.
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ASTRONAUTS:
• Edward J. Dwight, Jr.
• Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr.
• Arnaldo Tamayo-Méndez
• Guion S. Bluford, Jr.
• Ronald E. McNair
• Mae C. Jemison
• Frederick D. Gregory
• Bernard A. Harris, Jr.
• Livingston Holder
• Yvonne Darlene Cagle
• Winston E. Scott
• Robert L. Curbeam, Jr.
• Michael P. Anderson
• Stephanie D. Wilson
• Joan E. Higginbotham
• B. Alvin Drew
• Leland D. Melvin
• Jeanette J. Epps
“I believe that in urban and rural cities there are great minds and talents with the hands • Charles F. Bolden, Jr.
that can control a spacecraft with the same dexterity that they control and handle a
basketball. This talent must not be wasted.” • Robert L. Satcher, Jr.

Ron McNair speaking to the Massachusetts State Legislature on education.

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 14

G. Black Achievement in Science and Technology
The compilation video explores the plight of blacks from Africa to
America and showcases the great bounds made in science while
the same progress was happening simultaneously in terms of equal
rights in America. The compilation video will begin in Africa, and
progress through the history of blacks in science (inventors, airmen,
astronauts, etc) and the positive contributions and accomplishments.
It will then tell of the challenges, the racism and the underbelly of such
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accomplishments. This section will end with the lives of those
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who died in pursuit of science (Dr. Lawrence, Ron McNair)
over some of the most moving speeches in honoring these
men we will insert footage of black children who fought for
education in the ‘50s. This footage will be put over sound bytes
from the scientists/inventors themselves speaking about the
importance of leadership, diligence, and persistence.
http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtn
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H. ADIAS Multimedia Interactive Timeline,

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Encyclopedia, Website, and Social Community

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BLACK CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

A multimedia interactive timeline of black firsts, black inventors, The Timeline is a chronological account of black achievements in
black inventions, and pioneers in science and technology. Science and Technology. Focus on the black experience, it includes
entries on inventions by black people, black astronauts and the
founding of professional organizations for black scientists.

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 16
H. ADIAS Multimedia Interactive Timeline,
Encyclopedia, Website and Social Community
WIKI ENCYCLOPEDIA
The timeline is linked to a unique encyclopedia reference on global
black culture in science and technology. The Wiki-like encyclopedia
includes biographies on people, institutions, awardees, books,
events, etc. The Wiki will be in English and French with future
language versions to be added.

http://www.adias.org/

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I. 25 Pioneers
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A columnar maze walkthru of black pioneers of science and of mankind. Each profile includes a photograph, title,
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industry from around the globe whose research and inventions birthdates, region and country, a short bio, and a relevant
have redefined their field and have had impact on the betterment quote. The profiles are both in English and French.

25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS · 25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS · 25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS · 25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS
PHYSICIEN | MATHÉMATICIEN
1932>TODAY
| PROFESSEUR
Ghanéen, Francis Allotey est un physicien et mathématicien
internationalement reconnu. Il est le créateur du « formalisme
Allotey ». Il est devenu le premier professeur titulaire de
25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS · 25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS · 25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS · 25 PIONNIERS · 25 PIONEERS
INGÉNIEUR | GÉOGRAPHE | PHILOSOPHE
1855>1937
Theodoro Fernandes Sampaio est le fils d’esclave.
Il devint ingénieur, urbaniste, géographe, philosophe
et intellectuel au début du 20ème siècle. Il a travaillé
à Rio de Janeiro, dans les États de Sao Paulo et de
25 PIONEERS:
• Francis Allotey Africa Ghana
• Aba Bentil-Andam Africa Ghana
• Ogobara K. Doumbo Africa Mali
• Diola Bagayoka Africa Mali
• Salimata Wade Africa Senegal
• Phil Mjwara Africa South Africa
• Zohra Ben Lakhdar Africa Tunisia
• Earl Long Caribbean St. Lucia
• Ramsey Saunders Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago
• George Norris Melville Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago
• Cyril Lennox Moore Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago
• Theodoro Fernandes Sampaio Latin America Brazil
• Juliano Moreira Latin America Brazil
• Andre Reboucas Latin America Brazil
• Shirley Ann Jackson North America United States of America
• Percy Lavon Julian North America United States of America
• Ernest Everett Just North America United States of America
• Herman Russell Branson North America United States of America
• Roger Arliner Young North America United States of America
• M. Wharton Young North America United States of America
• Lewis Howard Latimer North America United States of America

ENGINEER
mathématiques ghanéen à l’Université Kwame Nkrumah des Salvador de Bahia. Au début de sa carrière, il

• Ronald E. McNair North America United States of America

Sciences et Technologies, et le premier à introduire la formation rachète la liberté de sa mère et de ses frères.
informatique au Ghana. Allotey a reçu de nombreuses

PHYSICIST
distinctions pour son dévouement.

ENGINEER | GEOGRAPHER | PHILOSOPHER

Sampaio

Theodoro Fernandes Sampaio was the son of a

PHYSICIST | MATHEMATICIAN

• David Harold Blackwell North America United States of America

| PROFESSOR slave. He grew up to become an engineer, an urbanist,
Allotey

a geographer, a philosopher and intellectual of the

Ghanaian, Francis Allotey is an internationally recognized beginning of the twentieth century. He worked in
physicist and mathematician and the developer of “Allotey Rio de Janerio, Sao Paulo State and Salvador,
Formalism.” He became the first Ghanaian Full Professor in Bahia. Early in his career he paid for his mother's
Mathematics at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and siblings’ freedom.

• Harold Amos North America United States of America

and Technology and was the first to introduce computer
education to Ghana. Allotey has received numerous honors
for his dedication.
THEODORE FERNANDES

« J’AI VÉCU MA VIE SELON CE PRINCIPE : POUR Y

ARRIVER, IL FAUT BEAUCOUP TRAVAILLER, FAIRE DES
SACRIFICES, FAIRE PREUVE DE CONCENTRATION ET « THEODORO SAMPAIO EST POUR
• James H. Williams Jr. North America United States of America
Francis Allotey DE DISCIPLINE. VOUS DEVEZ VOUS PRÉPARER À
Theodoro F. Sampaio BEAUCOUP DANS LES PREMIÈRES
SERVIR LA SOCIÉTÉ DANS LAQUELLE VOUS VIVEZ
PRODUCTIONS SCIENTIFIQUES
PHYSICIEN ET AVOIR DE BONNES COMPÉTENCES
INTERPERSONNELLES. »
INGÉNIEUR EFFECTUÉES À PARTIR D’UN POINT DE
VUE BRÉSILIEN. AUPARAVANT, TOUT
PHYSICIST -Francis Allotey 1855>1937 CE QUI AVAIT ÉTÉ FAIT DANS CE DO-

1932>TODAY BRAZIL MAINE DANS NOTRE PAYS ÉTAIT LE

FAIT DE SCIENTIFIQUES ÉTRANGERS –
SOUTH AMERICA
” I HAVE LIVED MY LIFE ACCORDING TO THIS: FOR
GHANA YOU TO SUCCEED IN LIFE MEANS HARD WORK,
AMÉRICAINS ET EUROPÉENS ATTIRÉS
PAR L’ABONDANTE VIE ANIMALE ET
SACRAFICE, FOCUS AND DISCIPLINED LIFESTYLE. YOU
AFRICA MUST BE PREPARED TO SERVE THE SOCIETY YOU
VÉGÉTALE DU BRÉSIL. »

LIVE IN AND HAVE GOOD INTER-PERSONAL SKILLS” -Ademir Pereira dos Santos
Francis

SELECTION CRITERIA
-Francis Allotey

This list was compiled with input from our advisors. Factors that were taken into consideration
were their accomplishment in the Sciences, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.
Being African, African American, or Afro-Caribbean. And their having made a lasting impact
in their chosen field.
Profile of Francis Allotey Profile of Theodoro Fernandes Sampaio
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J. Blacks in Science: Perception vs. Reality

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VIDEO DESCRIPTION
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The street interview video presents a juxtaposition of contrasts academic plight: the ignorance and unfamiliarity of laymen
between professional and protégé, expert and everyday people, versus the challenging and perhaps isolating demands
and interviews and stills. It showcases both sides of the young scientist’s required for excellence in their field.

Bolu Anifowose, 17 year-old student

http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtn

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K. 100 Profiles Video

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A slideshow presentation featuring iconic figures in the Science, accomplishment. The visual impact of this roll call of icons
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Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields from is powerful and brings realization to the magnitude of black
Africa, the Caribbean, Europe and the United States. Each icon contribution to STEM.
includes their picture, their name and a brief tagline of

http://techtv.mit.edu/collections/rrtn

SELECTION CRITERIA
The criterion for this was accomplishment in the Sciences, Technology, Engineering
and Mathematics. And Being African, African American or Afro-Caribbean

NAME OF PERSON REGION COUNTRY DESCRIPTION

Agnes Day North America United States of America Microbiologist - Howard University
Akintunde Akinwande Africa Nigeria Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT
Anthony R. James North America United States of America President and CEO, Savannah Electric
Aprille Ericsson North America United States of America Aerospace Engineer
Arlie O. Petters North America United States of America Professor of Mathematics, Physics and Business Administration at Duke University
Arlington W. Carter, Jr. North America United States of America Vice President and General Manager, Boeing Missile Systems
Arnold Stancell North America United States of America Chemical Engineer
Arnold W. Donald North America United States of America Former Chairman of the Board, Merisant Company
Arthur E. Johnson North America United States of America President, Lockheed Martin Federal Systems
Benjamin Banneker North America United States of America Built the first clock in the colonies and published an astronomy Almanac
Bernard Harris North America United States of America Former Astronaut, first African-American to walk in space, to the right
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NAME OF PERSON REGION COUNTRY DESCRIPTION

Bessie Coleman North America United States of America The first female African-American pilot
Bruce Ovbiagele Africa Nigeria Vascular Neurologist, Assistant Professor of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles
Carol Espy Wilson North America United States of America First African-American Ph.D. in electrical engineering
Chad Womack Ph.D. North America United States of America Chief Executive Officer and Chief Scientific Officer of NanoVec biotechnology company.
Charles Bolden North America United States of America Former Astronaut, 12th Administrator of NASA
Charles Drew North America United States of America Physician, developer of blood banks during World War II
Col. Guion Bluford North America United States of America Astronaut, and aeronautical engineer, first African-American in space. To the right
Cyril Moore Caribbean Trinidad & Tobago Biochemist (retired)
Dale Emeagwali North America United States of America Microbiologist, and Professor at Morgan State University
Daniel Hale Williams North America United States of America First African American surgeon to perform open heart surgery, founder of
Provident Hospital, Chicago
Darnell Diggs North America United States of America Physicist
Derrick Pitts North America United States of America Chief Astronomer, Franklin Institute Science Museum, right
Dr. Eliza Grier North America United States of America Emancipated slave who graduated from Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania in 1897
Dr. James W. Mitchell North America United States of America Chemist, AT&T Bell Laboratories
Dr. Janice Green Douglas North America United States of America Professor of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics at Case Western Reserve University
School of Medicine
Dr. John Brooks Slaughter North America United States of America Chancellor, University of Maryland
Dr. Mark Dean North America United States of America Vice President, IBM
Dr. Samuel L. Kountz North America United States of America Pioneering kidney transplant specialist
Dr. Warren M. Washington North America United States of America First African American president of the American Meteorological Society
Dr. William Wiley North America United States of America Microbiologist and Educator, deceased
Earl Lucas North America United States of America Car Designer at Ford
Edray Goins North America United States of America Associate Professor of Mathematics, Purdue University
Edward Bouchet North America United States of America First African-American to earn a PhD in Physics
Emmett Chappelle North America United States of America Biochemist and Inventor. Holds 14 patents
Erroll B. Davis North America United States of America President, Wisconsin Power & Light
Fern Hunt North America United States of America Mathematician
Fox Harrell North America United States of America Associate Professor of Digital Media, MIT
Freeman H. Hrabowski, III North America United States of America Mathematician, President of University of Maryland, Baltimore County
Gaston N’guerekata Africa Central African Republic Professor of Mathematics, Morgan State University
George Carruthers North America United States of America Engineer and Astrophysicist
George Melville Caribbean Trinidad & Tobago Academician, Researcher, Diplomat and Administrator, PhD and MD
Homer Neal North America United States of America Professor of Physics, University of Michigan

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NAME OF PERSON REGION COUNTRY DESCRIPTION

Ida Owens North America United States of America Senior Investigator, National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development
J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. North America United States of America Mathematician
James West North America United States of America Research Professor at Johns Hopkins University, Department of Electrical
and Computer Engineering. Inventor of the Electret Transducer
Janet Emerson Bashen North America United States of America Inventor of Linkline software application, Founder and President of Bashen Corporation
Joan Higginbotham North America United States of America Former Astronaut, Discovery, to the right
Joanne Berger Sweeney North America United States of America Neuroscientist, Dean, School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Massachusetts
Jocelyn Elders North America United States of America The first African-American Surgeon General
John Harris II North America United States of America VP, Contracts and Supply Chain, Raytheon Company
Kevin T. Kornegay North America United States of America Director, Cornell Broadband Communications Research Laboratory
Leland Melvin North America United States of America Astronaut, Atlantis, twice. Associate Administrator for the NASA Office of Education
Lt. General Albert J. Edmonds North America United States of America Director, Defense Information Systems Agency. Manager, National Communications System
Linda Gooden North America United States of America President, Lockheed Martin Information Technology
Louis Tompkins Wright North America United States of America New York’s first African-American police surgeon
Lt. Comdr. Donnie Cochran North America United States of America Civil Engineer and B89Pilot REMOVE
Lt. Gen. Joe N. Ballard North America United States of America Chief of Engineers and Commander, US Army Corps of Engineers
Luther S. Williams North America United States of America Biologist, Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs at Tuskegee University
Lydia W. Thomas North America United States of America President and CEO, Mitretek Systems, Inc.
Mae Jemison North America United States of America Former Astronaut, first African-American woman in space on the Endeavour
Mary Daly North America United States of America The first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in chemistry
Matthew Henson North America United States of America Part of the first Expedition to reach the North Pole in 1909
Maurice F. Rabb Jr. North America United States of America Ophthalmologist
Maydianne Andrade North America United States of America Assistant Professor in Zoology, University of Toronto
Melvin Ramey North America United States of America Professor Emeritus, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of California, Davis
Michael P. Anderson North America United States of America Astronaut, deceased when Space Shuttle Columbia exploded on entry
Ndumiso Cingo Africa South Africa Head of the CSIR National Laser Centre in South Africa
Neil deGrasse Tyson North America United States of America Astrophysicist
Oliver McGee North America United States of America Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Howard University
Patricia Bath North America United States of America Ophthalmologist and inventor
Paul L. Caldwell, Jr. North America United States of America Chairman and Managing Director, Mobil Producing Nigeria Inc.
Paula Hammond North America United States of America Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, MIT
Percy Pierre North America United States of America Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Emeritus at Michigan State University
Ralph Gilles North America United States of America Chief Designer at Chrysler

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NAME OF PERSON REGION COUNTRY DESCRIPTION

Ramsey Saunders Caribbean Trinidad & Tobago Physicist - Research Scientist and an Educator
Reginald Van Lee North America United States of America Senior Vice President, Booz Allen Hamilton
Robert Curbeam Jr. North America United States of America Former Astronaut, Discovery twice and Atlantisonce
Robert Satcher North America United States of America Astronaut, Atlantis and an Orthopaedic Surgeon
Rodney C. Adkins North America United States of America Vice President, Development, IBM
Rodney O’Neal North America United States of America Executive Vice President, Delphi Automotive Systems
Ron McNair North America United States of America Astronaut, deceased when Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart shortly after take-off,
Samuel Massie North America United States of America Worked as a chemist on the Manhattan Project to develop the atom bomb
Scott W. Williams North America United States of America Professor of Mathematics at State University of New York, Buffalo
Shaundra S. Daily North America United States of America Electrical Engineer
Shirley Ann Jackson North America United States of America President, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Physicist
Solomon Bililign Africa Ethiopia Professor of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University
Stephanie Wilson North America United States of America Astronaut, Discovery, three times
Stephon Alexander North America United States of America Cosmologist
Sylvester Gates North America United States of America Physicist and Mathematician. Martin Luther King Visiting Professor in Physics at M.I.T.
Toll Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland, College Park
Thulani Dlamini Africa South Africa Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (SA). Group Executive for R&D
Ursula Burns North America United States of America Mechanical Engineer and President, Business Group Operations, Xerox Corporation
Walt Braithwaite North America United States of America Vice President, Information Systems, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group
Wanda M. Austin North America United States of America President and CEO, The Aerospace Corporation
Wangari Maathai Africa Kenya Environmentalist, First African Woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize, 2004
Wesley A. Brown North America United States of America First African-American graduate of the Naval Academy
Wesley Harris North America United States of America Professor, Aeronautics and Astronautics, Associate Provost, MIT
William D. Smith, P.E. North America United States of America President, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc.
William Massey North America United States of America Professor of Operations Research and Financial Engineering
Window Snyder North America/ United States of America/ Former chief security something-or-other (her official title) at Mozilla
Africa Kenya
Winston Scott North America United States of America Retired Astronaut, Endeavour twice
Woodrow Whitlow North America United States of America Associate Administrator for Mission Support at NASA
Yvonne Cagle North America United States of America Astronaut in training, qualified for flight assignment as a mission specialist

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 23
 Fire Exit

L. Summary Wall
Fire Exit

w/

Fire Exit Entrance

& Exit

The exhibit closes with an inspirational visual collage of black

innovation and the advancement of civilization and an inspirational
quote and text to youth about the future contributions by Africans
and the African Diaspora.

Dr. Mae Jemison “Don’t let anyone rob you of your imagination, your creativity, or your
curiosity. It’s your place in the world; it’s your life. Go on and do all you can with it, and
make it the life you want to live.”
Dr. Mae Jemison
In 1992, physician and astronaut 
Mae Jemison became the first African American 
woman to travel in space.

UNSTOPPABLE!
People of African heritage have always been inventors, innovators, and
entrepreneurs. They took their creativity, curiosity, spirituality, and passion into areas of science and technology,
even when at times it was considered off limits for black people. And they made a difference. These are just some
of the people, like you, who have made and continue to make significant contributions to our understanding of the
world. They have advanced civilization and made the world a better place. We all build upon what they have
accomplished. It is the diversity of thought and the full participation of all cultures, countries, and regions, in ad-
vanced research and the like, that will enable us to reach beyond the stars, beyond our current comprehension of the
universe and its inner-workings, for the betterment of all. In the African Renaissance, we will see from the scientists of
today and tomorrow, innovations, breakthroughs in computational-based and biotech industries, new forms of high
speed travel, new financial models that govern macro- and micro-economics, new materials and new industries
and businesses that will dominate world markets.

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 24
Technical Specifications
In assembling the final exhibit in Senegal, there are several technical electricity, lighting, computer hardware and software,
and logistical requirements to fulfill the multimedia experience in projection systems, security, communication technology,
a built enviroment. This includes audio and visual equipment, and cooling/ventilation systems.

FUNCTION ROOMS
CAPACITY CHART

FUNCTION ROOM Sq.M. Sq.Ft. Length M. Length Ft. Width M. Width Ft. Hight M. Hight Ft. Hight M. Hight Ft. Theatre Classroom UShape Boardroom Translation Office Cocktail Dinner Cocktail
Central Central Lateral Lateral Booths Secretary Dancing
Pavilion Senegal 300 984 20 65.6 15 49.2 5.5 18 4 13.1 / / / / / / / / /
Chapiteau Meridien 1000 3.3 50 164.1 20 65.6 7 23 4.5 14.8 700 / / / / / 700 600 850

ADIAS Science and Technology Exhibit American Slavery and Inventors

By Rod and Cathy Brown

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 25
Technical Specification (cont.)
WALL AND EQUIPMENT PLAN
12 - 3x4 Frames
08 - 2x3 Frames
26 - Coyote Round Towers
02 - 120”W x 89.3”H Projector Screens
04 - 144”W x 89.3”H Projector Screens
06 - Projector Floor Bases
Note: Due to last minute changes and requirements by the Festival, the specifications for
walls and columns were changed to address the change in printing and inability to acquire
the planned wall system. Wood frames will need to be built in Senegal as well as exhibit
frame poles used.

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 26
Technical Specification (cont.)
ELECTRICAL PLAN

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 27
Technical Specification (cont.)
PROJECTOR PLAN

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 28
Technical Specification (cont.)
PROJECTOR ELEVATIONS

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 29
Contacts and Partners
This is a list of organizations and contacts assisting on both sides of the Atlantic to address logistics, shipping,
manufacturing, production, set-up and execution of the exhibit on the ground at the Festival.

INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIPS LOCATION, INTERNET AND CONFERENCE ROOMS:

Sonia Lawson Frederic Mariani
World Black Festival Of Arts And Cultures Director Of Sales & Marketing
P.O. Box 6577 Dakar Etoile: Sénégal
 Le Meridien Presidentpointe Des Almadies,
Paris Tel: +33 6 14 15 69 40 BP 8181,DAKAR, SENEGALN 14°44’ W 17°3
Dakar Tel: +221 77 33 24 927 lemeridien.com
Email: sonia_lawson@hotmail.com Tel: +221 33 869 69 09
Mob: +221 77 637 77 76
SENEGAL CONTRACTORS TO SUPPLY: Fax: +221 33 869 69 18
Email: frederic.mariani@lemeridien.com
• DVD players
• Lighting diable.sakho@lemeridien.com, “Diallo, Ngone” <ngone.diallo@
• Sound Systems lemeridien.com>, “Provis, Jean-Marc” <jean-marc.provis@
• Video projectors lemeridien.com>, “Gueye, Abib” <Abib.Gueye@lemeridien.com>,
• Wall frames & pipping “Tahiri, Rachid” <rachid.tahiri@lemeridien.com>, “Kande, Helene”
<helene.kande@lemeridien.com>
• Novel Computers
• Samsung
TENT FABRICATION:
EXIHBIT FABRICATION: Senegal Baches
John C. Walsh
WB Incorporated LIGHTS, STAGE AND SOUND:
1 Westinghouse Plaza 37.2
Boston, MA 02136-2059 Mr Racine SY
www.wbinc.com Tel: +221 77 644 52 64
Tel: 617-364-3890 800-649-2462 Jean Sébastien
Fax: 617-364-3893 Tel: +221 77 650 67 93
Email: jcwalsh@wbinc.com Email: jsvdk5@gmail.com

EVENT PLANNING: TRANSLATION BOOTHS, VIDEO PROJECTOR, DAY SCREEN,

Marianne M Bathily SCREEN AND SONORISATIONSOUND
Directrice d’Agence Sénégal et Afrique Francophone Omar Ndiaye
www.expagency.biz ICONA
Tel: +221 33-869-16- 96 Tel: +221 77 611 09 28
Fax: +221 33-867-64-99 Email: icona@orange.sn
Directe: +221 77-637-74-31

LOGISTICS, SHIPPING AND CUSTOMS:

Lamine Tumba
SDV USA
FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 30
Community Outreach
RRTN: Node Network: Technology Development Bundle
for Senegal
RRTN will be establishing technology development labs at RRTN plans on deploying our Taylor Development Lab solutions at
universities and schools in Senegal during the presentation of these institutions. The bundle includes e-services, hardware and
our Exhibit at Senegal World Festival of Black Arts and Science. software created by or provided by RRTN and its partners. These
Current target institutions that RRTN has identified through technologies will support research, archiving, meetings, remote and
research and partners are: virtual collaboration, education, training, and content delivery and
• University of Dakar programs centered on cultural history, ASTEM and professional
• College Universitaire d’Architecture development. Below are detailed diagrams.
• Politechniques of Dakar
• The International School of Dakar

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 31
Appendix: American Slavery and Inventors
By Rod and Cathy Brown - Location to be determined (TBD)

FESTIVAL MONDIAL DES ARTS NEGRES: ADIAS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EXHIBIT PG 32