Third Preparatory Year

Improving the scientific and technological environment

Title

Technology: From Invention to Mainstream

‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻔﻲ‬

452154515

Introduction

Technology plays an essential role in our daily life. The modern human uses
technology everyday whether in personal life or work life. This is because it saves
huge amount of time. But technology wasn’t that sophisticated as we see in
recent days back then in its early times. It has been developing over the years, for
the sake of human life facilitation. Thanks to our hardworking scientists, who had
devoted their life to science, knowledge and experimenting, without their
countless efforts, we wouldn’t have reached what we’ve reached so far.

‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬٠٨-٠٧
 Third Preparatory Year
Improving the scientific and technological environment

‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬
‫ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬٠٠٨-٠٠٧

The Base of Technology:

All of our Technology in different fields are all based on computers. The computer
is considered the backbone of technology. A computer is defined as a machine that
does basic mathematical operations. All the electronic devices we use nowadays
can be categorized as computers. Although they function differently, basically,
these devices function based on these mathematical operations which are addition
and subtraction, which makes us wonder how we built up -with very simple
operations- powerful devices which led us to achieve mind-blowing things such as
landing on the moon in 1969 and observing a black hole, which is millions of
lightyears away from us in 2019.

Evolution of Technology:

There is no comparison between nowadays’ computers and when they were first
invented. The first generation of computers was invented in the early 40s. It had a
size of a large room, weighted more than 30 tons and its processor was based on
thousands of large vacuum tubes, which were the only electronic component
available during those days (figure 1). In 1947, one of the greatest inventions in the
human history was demonstrated, which is the transistor. The transistor exchanged
the vacuum tubes in computers. In the late 50s, Integrated Circuits (ICs) were
invented. An IC is a single component that contained (at that time) about 3,000
transistors. It had a dramatic effect on the evolution of computers since it didn’t
only reduce the size of the computer but it also improved the performance of the
computer as compared to previous computers. In the 70s, computers were based
on microprocessors. Nowadays’ computers have multi-core microprocessors (figure
2) that consist of ten million electronic components. The number of transistors in
an IC recently has reached 42 million transistors. You can imagine how far we’ve
gone so far.
 Third Preparatory Year
Improving the scientific and technological environment

‫ﺻﻮرة‬

(Figure 1) (Figure 2)

The Impact of Technology in Different Fields:

1.Biology:

It is shown that technology plays the following roles in biology:

• IT-aided instruments, such as gene sequencers, DNA microarrays, and
microscopes, are used for data collection.
• Large shared, Internet-connected databases, such as gene and protein
data banks, allow many researchers to obtain and contribute data to
large problems.
• Data analysis methods are used in assembling and searching gene
sequences.
• Imaging and visualization, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
and tomography are important in several areas of bioscience.
• Modeling and simulation are used to model protein folding and to help
understand complex biological systems such as cells, tissues,
organisms, and populations.
• Electronic communication technologies are used to share scientific
information and aid scientific collaboration.
 ‫‪Third Preparatory Year‬‬
‫‪Improving the scientific and technological environment‬‬

‫ﺻﻮرة‬

‫)‪(Figure 3‬‬

‫‪ .2‬اﻟﺘﻨقيب‬

‫الت يرتكن إليها علماء اآلثار‪ ،‬سواء يف استكشاف اآلثار‬ ‫باتت التكنولوجيا الحديثة من أهم األدوات ي‬
‫يلتق أحدث ما‬ ‫واستخراجها من رحم األرض‪ ،‬أو توثيقها ثم ترميمها أو المحافظة عليها‪ .‬يف نقطة واحدة ي‬
‫البش من بقايا حضارات‪ ،‬إذ يأخذ علماء اآلثار عىل عواتقهم‬ ‫البشية من تكنولوجيا‪ ،‬مع أقدم ما ورث ر‬ ‫طورته ر‬
‫مهمة تطوي ع أحدث ما وصلت إليه األدمغة من تقنيات‪ ،‬لكشف وصيانة ما خلفه األجداد من آثار‪ ،‬بل وحل‬
‫يائ بأستخدام أجهزة‬ ‫لغز الغامض منها‪ .‬فقد ساهمت التكنولوجيا مساهمة مبهرة بداية من المسح الجيوفي ي‬
‫تكنولوج‬ ‫ً‬
‫وانتهاء بالنانو‬ ‫ً‬
‫مرورا باستخدام اللير‬ ‫المغناطيس الجوي "الماجنيتوميي"‬ ‫مثل القياس‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫وتطبيقاتها‪.‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ف يق عام ‪ 2010‬تمكنت بعثة أثرية من تحديد موقع مدينة "أواريس" عاصمة الهكسوس قديما‪ ،‬بمنطقة تل‬
‫الشقية‪ ,‬وتم رصد صور للمدينة المدفونة‪ ،‬بكل ما فيها من شوارع وبيوت ومعابد ومقابر‪.‬‬ ‫الضبعة بمحافظة ر‬
‫ً‬ ‫وف قرية قنتي ر‬
‫بالشقية أيضا‪ ،‬رصد فريق مرصي يف عام ‪ ،2002‬من خالل المسح‪ ،‬وجود آثار متعددة أسفل‬ ‫ي‬
‫الثائ‪.‬‬ ‫رمسيس‬ ‫بناها‬ ‫الت‬ ‫رمسيس"‬ ‫"مدينة‬ ‫و‬ ‫أ‬ ‫"برعمسيس"‬ ‫مدينة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫عتقد‬ ‫القرية‪ ،‬فيما ُ‬
‫ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬

‫‪Disadvantages of Technology:‬‬

‫‪While technology has made many parts of life more convenient and much easier,‬‬
‫‪it comes at a high price. As an example, although the rapid speed of‬‬
‫‪communication Internet has made is considered a golden advantage, it has led‬‬
‫‪young people to become impatient, since they are used to what happens in front‬‬
‫‪of them happening in an instant. In figure 3, it shows a representation of the‬‬
‫‪internet users by age group, it’s obvious that children and teenagers are the‬‬
 Third Preparatory Year
Improving the scientific and technological environment

the largest segment uses the Internet. In addition, the boom of social media has
caused this divide to become even larger. Rather than going outside to play, children
spend their time posting pictures and making posts for their friends to see. For them,
popularity has become what is most important. Children spend so much time looking
at screens, rather than looking at real people, that it has had major impacts on how
the children function in the world Finally, technology has been linked to increased
fatigue, stress, and depression in younger generations. Children are not receiving the
love and affection that they need to feel from their parents. Families are staring at
television and phone screens over meals, rather than talking to one another. Children
lock themselves in their rooms to use social media, rather than spend time with their
parents and siblings. This leads these children to miss out on a huge part of emotional
and social development, causing many children to become anxious and depressed.

Conclusion

There are clearly both pros and cons of adolescent technology use. The fact is, it
is important for adolescents to learn and understand technology. It's become a
part of daily life for all people to use a computer or a cell phone. It is necessary in
most situations, especially for when they are older and have jobs. However,
technology use must not be excessive. Extreme technological use in adolescents
can cause all sorts of problems; socially and physically. It is important for
adolescents to understand that yes, technology is an amazing thing; but at the
same time, it should not be used all of the time. They should not be overly
dependent on it. Adolescents need to learn that sometimes, technology is not the
right answer for a situation.
 Third Preparatory Year
Improving the scientific and technological environment

Sources

Landing on moon and blackhole observation:

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo11.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/black-hole-image-makes-history

Evolution of technology:

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/generations-of-computer/

https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000984.htm

https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/

https://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/SerafinaShishkova.shtml

The Impact of Technology in Different Fields:

1. Biology:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050910005247

2. ‫اﻟﺘﻨقيب‬:
https://www.scientificamerican.com/arabic/articles/news/use-technology-of-the-future-to-explore-the-past/
3.
The Disadvantages of Technology:

https://vocal.media/families/technology-s-impact-on-younger-generations

http://archive.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/industry_sectors/information_technology_and_communications/Househ
oldUseofICT_HOTP2012/Commentary.aspx