Objectives Describe the hierarchy of data Explain the differences between files and databases List the four database models Describe the concept of data integrity Describe the functions of a database management system
Objectives Describe the process of creating a database in general terms Compare and contrast relational and object-oriented databases Explain what a data warehouse is and how it differs from a database
The Hierarchy of Data Field – a group of one or more characters that has a specific meaning The smallest meaningful unit of data Describes one characteristic of a person, place, or thing Record – the set of fields containing data about a person, place, or thing File – a collection of related records
Files and Databases Traditionally, information systems were developed with a file processing approach Database approach creates separate files for each entity
Data Integrity Refers to the degree to which data is accurate and reliable Integrity constraints – rules all data must follow If integrity constraints are not followed, the data is unreliable
Database Management Database Management System (DBMS) – allows you to create a database and enter, modify, and retrieve data as needed Available at all levels Sophisticated systems for a mainframe environment Inexpensive, easy-to-use personal computer systems
The Object-Oriented Database Model Designed to manipulate complex data types Examples include maps and audio and video files The object is the main focus Designed to incorporate object-oriented programming with large amounts of complex data
Data Warehouses Contain data that has been captured in company databases Can contain data that has been gathered from external sources Use a variety of analytical tools