|


 




`
  




]
  
 6

 ë
  
  
 



 M
  À 
 


 6
  



6
 
  


     


 
 Independence: 29 October
1923 (successor state to the
Ottoman Empire)

National holiday: Republic

Day, 29 October (1923)

Constitution: 7 November
1982
 {
   


Πopulation : 70 million
ΠLiteracy rate : 2004 % 96
ΠLanguage : Turkish (uses Latin Alphabet)
ΠCurrency : Turkish Lira ( TL )

ΠLocation : Eastern Mediterranean. Located on

two contitents Europe and Asia. The European
part of Turkey is called Thrace, while the Asian
part is called Anatolia or ( Asia
ΠArea : 814 578 Km2 (314 500 square miles)
Π% 3 on the European continent
Π% 97 on the Asian continent

Œ Major Cities : İstanbul 13 million

ΠAnkara 3.7 million
ΠIzmir 3.1 million
ΠBursa 2.1million

ΠReligion : 99 percent of the population is Muslim.

ΠTurkey is a secular state that quarantees complete
Πfreedom of worship to non-Muslims.

ΠNational Anthem : Dz Istiklal Marsi dz ( Independence March

ΠLyrics by: Mehme t Akif Ersoy
Œ Adopted as Turkeyǯs National Anthem on March 12,1921
Πovernment : Turkey is 

  
 


 !

Œ law; committed to the nationalism of Atatürk and based
on the principle of the separation of
Πpowers;

ΠLegislative ower : The Turkish rand National Assembly

ΠExecutive ower : resident and the Council of Ministers.

ΠJudicial ower : resident and the Council of Ministers.

ΠCoastline: 8333 Km. (5000 miles)

ΠTurkey is surrounded by sea on three sides, by the Black Sea in the north,
the Mediterranean
Πin the south and the Aegean Sea in the west. In the northwest there is also
an important
Πinternal sea, the Sea of Marmara, between the straits of the Dardanelles
and the Bosphorus
Πeographical Regions : Turkey has 80 administrative provinces
and seven geographical regions. The first four of the seven regions
are given the names of the seas which are adjacent to them

Π- Black Sea Region

Π- Marmara Region
Π- Aegean Region
Π- Mediterranean Region

ΠThe other three regions are named in accordance with

their location in the whole of Anatolia.

ΠCentral Anatolia Region

Π- Eastern Anatolia Region
Π- Southeastern Anatolia Region
ΠTurkey is a paradise of sun, sea, mountains, and lakes that offers the
vacationer a complete change from the stress and routine of everyday life.

ΠFrom April to October, most places in Turkey have an ideal climate that is
perfect for relaxing on sandy beaches or enjoying the tranquility of mountains
and lakes.




 




ΠMustafa Kemal Ataturk is
universally acknowledged as
the founding father of the
modern state of Turkey. He
was also his country's first
resident.
ΠHe was a visionary statesman
and a military leader par
excellence.
ΠHis surname, Ataturk, means
 

 . This
name was given to him by the
first Turkish parliement for his
accomplishments and for his
invaluable contributions to the
birth and modernization of the
Turkish Republic.



ΠTurkey also has a magnificent past, and is a
land full of historic treasures from 13
successive civilizations spanning 10,000
years.
ΠEven if you spend only a short time in
Turkey, you can see a lot of this great
heritage.
ΠTurkey lies on the ruins of many civilizations
including
Hittites,Trojans,reeks,Romans,Byzantine
Empire,Seljuks and Ottomans.

ΠYou can feel this wealth of history

everywhere you go in Turkey.
ΠTurkish culture is an immense mixture
partly produced by the rich history.
ΠTurks have a great cuisine,infamaus
baths, rich traditions associated with
tea and coffee,evil eye pendants,
high quality towelsand bathrobes,
traditional rugs, whirling dervishes,
nargile(Turkish water pipe)and of
course Turkish delight..
› 

  

 


ΠThe hubble - bubble in English, the

Sheesha in Arab or the Nargile in
Turkish
Œ İt will remain popular as long as
people are in search of ways to relax
amidst the modern day stresses.
   


ΠA Dervish is a Muslim
religious man who is
undergoing an
apprenticeship of
learning the profession
that will bestow him with
eternal livelihood.

The Mevlevi or Mevleviye is the most

ΠWhirling is one of the
various methods, which is renowned Sufi order, which was founded
used by the Sufis (Islamic by Celaleddin Mevlana Rumi in 1273 and
ascetics) to get closer to most of the whirling Dervishes in Turkey
their revered Allah (od). come from this faith.

So if you are visiting Turkey, do not

ΠWhirling Dervishes forget to visit the Mevlevi
perform near the Mevlevi
museum/shrine in Konya.
Museum in Konya in the
annual Mevlana festival -
the largest festival in It not only houses the tombs of
Turkey. prominent Dervishes but you can also
see the live act of the whirling Dervishes
who perform near it.

Do not miss it because it is going to be

the experience of a lifetime.
  

Turkey has a rich variety of cuisine that makes it worthwhile just to take a
culinary tour of the country

You cannot identify one dominant Turkish food like the Italian pasta or the
French sauce, but the Turks have perfected their cuisine to a fine craft that
reflects their refinement of culture.

3

 
  
 


6 
   
    
 


   
  


ΠOne of Turkey's most famous exports,

lokum or Turkish delight as we know it,
comes in many flavours and not only
the rose, lemon and pistachio varieties
which are common elsewhere.
ΠIt is often served with Turkish coffee at
the end of a meal
 

Œ
asually Turkish tea or gay is brewed in a sort of
combined kettle/ tea pot which is placed
directly on the hob and has water boiling in
the bottom section and tea brewing in the top
so it can be made weaker or stronger as
required.

ΠIt is drunk from small tulip-shaped glasses,

always black and usually with plenty of sugar.

Πanless you specifically ask for Turkish tea,

hotels will assume you want English tea and
often present you with a cup of boiling water
and a tea bag on the side.
 {


Œ
Turkish coffee or Tiirk kahvesi is the
perfect way to finish off a good meal.

ΠWhen ordering you specify whether you

want it sade (plain), orta (with some sugar)
or sekerli (very sweet) and it is brewed
with the specified amount of sugar mixed
in with the coffee granules.

ΠIt is served in small cups. It is quite an art

to know-when to stop drinking as one sip
too many and you will end up with a
mouthful of the sludgy residue which falls
to the bottom of the cup.

ΠEven this has its uses, however, as you

may find a local willing to tell your fortune
from it - cover your cup with the saucer,
wait until it becomes cold when you will be
asked to turn it upside down, turn it
around several times and then your
destiny will be divined from the shapes
which are formed.
ΠA Turkish proverb says, 'Bir fincan kahvenin 40
yil hatiri vardir (One cup of coffee remains in
memories for 40 years)'. Turkish coffee is not
merely a beverage that you have in the midst of
a busy day to have your daily caffeine fix. It is a
way of life for the Turkish people and quite
central to their social, political and religious
customs.

 ||
ΠAlcohol is freely available in Turkish resorts and cities
Π. The traditional tipple is raki, an aniseed based spirit,
which is sometimes known as lion's milk.
ΠIt is clear but turns cloudy when water is added.
ΠMost people do dilute it with water although some drink
it only with ice.
ΠIt is unusual for a Turk to drink alcohol without eating at
the same time.
ΠRaki traditionally accompanies a fish meal.
ΠIt may also be consumed between meals. Melon and/ or
white cheese are often served alongside it
ΠTwo of the biggest local wine producers are Doluca and
Kavaklidere.
ΠThose who prefer beer will not be disappointed in the
well-known local brand, Efes.
ΠThere are also locally produced vodka, brandy, whisky
and gin
 ë 

 


 

 
ΠDecent Ois always available in  
, even though the
national tipple is 

Œ Turkey produces several good lagers. The bestȄand best-
selling Turkish beer (80% of the market) is Efes ilsen,
brewed in İzmir.
ΠTuborg is also brewed in Turkey under license. a 
 is
imported.
 



  

ΠAn indescribably beautiful experience that you absolutely
love to learn on their own in order to understand them, is a
day in a hamam
Π. The visitor can be in the locker room cabin with-the-
pestemal, a bath towel wrap, made from cotton or silk is
woven.
ΠOnly with the estemal around the hips go in-sicaklik, the
(hot)-bathroom.
ΠThis opens the door to relax with water, steam and soap.
Everyday worries, stress and bustle have no chance by the
steam here add sneak.
ΠFor endlessly flowing warm water at-Kurna, a small marble
basin, plunges you into a sea of mental and physical
relaxation.
ΠThe body is maintained with one-Tas, a copper bowl with
water, watered, so that you begin to sweat.
ΠIf the skin very soft and swollen, creates one-on- bektasi,
the navel stone, which is the middle of the pool and a large
marble surface is warm.
ΠHere the rub-Tellak, staff, with one-Kese, a hard, the whole
cloth coarse woven body, so that the skin downright Scratch
off completed and is well supplied.
ΠThen comes a soap wash with a hard massage and it feels
like reborn.
Œ
A typical Turkish Bath, also known as the Hamam, has three
rooms. There is the caldarium or the room with a steamy hot
bath, the tepidarium or the warm room for washing with
soap and water and the cool room for resting afterwards.
making
pottery
   

 
 ›  

ΠTurkish Culture has a strong
belief about Dzevil eyesdz which is
called DzNazar Boncuğudz in
Turkish.
Œ Itǯs used to protect themselves
against evil associated with
envious or covetous eyes.Most
common usage in Turkey is on
baby clothes , entrance of
houses especially on doors, on
bags, etc.
Πeople most commonly need
evil eyes(Nazar Boncuğu) when
they have a baby , a new car ,
house or a success in business
life .
ΠThey need to protect
themselves from Nazar. The
protection of the Nazar is used
for anything new or likely to
attract praise.
xxë| |
ΠIstanbul is the only city in the
world located on two
continents, Europe and Asia. In
its thousands of years of history,
it has been the capital of three
great empires - Roman,
Byzantine and Ottoman.
ΠBosphorus is a natural strait connecting the
Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, thus being a
very strategic waterway.
ΠIt was a river in the valley during the Tertiary
period of the continents, which was drowned
by the sea at the end of this period
Π. It's length is 32 kilometers (20 miles) in the
north to south direction, width varies between
730-3300 meters (800-3600 yards), and depth
is between 30-120
ΠDolmabahce alace.
İstanbul Beylerbeyi alace
ΠYerebatan alace
Œ Çırağan alace
Œ Topkapı alace
6


 
ΠThis tower, which
dates back to
2500 years ago,
had a history
identical to
İatanbul's history,
being an
eyewitness to
whatever the city
has encountered.
ΠIts history started
in the antiquity,
and it existed
throughout the
reek times to
Byzantine
Empire, and from
Ottoman Empire
until the present.


|
 6


 



ΠThe tower was built by the
enoese in 1348, during their
occupation of the area,
primarily to prevent attacks.
Originally known as the Tower
of Christ,

Πit stood above the fortification

surrounding the enoese city-
state. There is a spiral rock
staircase which ascends to the
top viewing platform, which
today offers visitors
spectacular 360 degree
panorama of the entire city.

ΠThe tower was restored in

1967, and an elevator was
installed to offer a less tiring
alternative to the steep climb.
There is also a restaurant on
the top floor.
6|6 
ΠFound on the junction of the
eastern and western civilisations,
Nemrut Dagi (Mount Nemrut) is
one of the most astounding sites
in Turkey:

Œ In 62 BC, King ANTİOCHaS Theos

of Comagene
built on the mountain top a
tomb-sanctuary flanked by huge
statues (8-9 meters high) of
himself,

two lions, two eagles and

various reek,Armenian
and ersian gods, such as
Hercules-Vahagn, Zeus-
Aramazd or Oromasdes
(associated with the
ersian godAHaRA
MAZDA),TYCHE, and
AOLLO-MİTHRAS
ΠA cave known today as the rotto of St eter,
or Church of St eter, is believed to be where
the apostle eter preached when he visited
Antioch (Antakya, in southern Turkey).
ΠIt is widely considered to be one of the
earliest Christian houses of worship. In 1963,
the apacy designated the site as a place of
pilgrimage and recognised it as the world's
first cathedral.

Πeter was the first to establish a church in

Antioch where followers of Jesus were first
called "Christians". Antioch served as the
home base for eter, aul and Barnabas;
shortly it became the third most important
bishopric - after Jerusalem and Rome - in the
developing church. Mass is celebrated here
yearly on the feast of SS eter and aul,

ΠEvery year on June 29, a special service held

at the church, is attended by Christians all
around the world.
ΠMany important events surrounding the birth of
Christianity occurred in Turkey.
ΠSt John, St aul and St eter all lived and prayed in
southern Anatolia.
ΠTradition has it that St John brought Virgin Mary to
Ephesus after the Crucifixion, where she spent her last
days in a small stone house (Meryem Ana Evi) on what is
now Bülbüldağı (Mount Koressos).
ΠIt is a very popular pilgrimage site for Christians today.
ΠAnd a
 
 
 

  


 
    

6a 
 


 !"


#
$

6 


Πapa Jean aul II in

30.11.1979 in Virgin
Mary hause
w


 



ΠThe monastery was

founded in the year 386
ΠLegend states that they
found an icon of the
Virgin Mary in a cave on
the mountain and
decided to remain in
order to establish the
monastery.
6|%
x& & ë

ΠSant'Antonio di adova,
alternatively known as S. Antonio di
adova, St. Antoine or St. Antuan, is
the largest cathedral of the Roman
Catholic Church inİstanbul(1846)
Πof course because of rich history
Turkey has lots of historical churces
but i only give as an example some
of them
 $
  

ΠHagia Sophia or Holy Wisdom is the mother
church of all Eastern Christians of the
Byzantine liturgical tradition both Orthodox
and reek Catholic
Πchurch was consecrated in 360 AD At first it
was known as the reat Church because it was
the largest at the time.
ΠLater it became known as Holy Wisdom, a
name attributed to Christ by theologians of
the 4th century.
ΠIn 1453, Constantinople was conquered by the
Ottoman Turks and Sultan Mehmet II ordered
the building to be converted into the Ayasofya
Mosque.
ΠThe bells, altar, iconostasis, and sacrificial
vessels were removed, and many of the
mosaics were eventually plastered over.
Œ The İslamic features such as the, the four
minarets outside were added over the course
of its history under the Ottomans.
ΠIt remained as a mosque until 1935, when it
was converted into a museum by the Republic
of Turkey.
Πseven churches mentioned in
the Book of Revelation -
Ephesos, Smyrna, ergamum,
Thyatira, Sardis, hiladelphia
and Laodicea- are all found in
Turkey.

Œ
  
Π17.Troy where the Trojan wars
recounted in Iliad by Homeros of
Smyrna were fought is situated
in a small village (Tevfikiye) of
Dardanelle (Çanakkale) in
western Turkey.
ΠThe symbolic Wooden Horse
erected at the site to
memorialize the historical
significance of the place, stands
as an invitation to a mystical,
epical and romantic journey
through time.
'

(6 )
Œ
  was a city of ancient Anatolia.
Œ it was located in İona, near the Agean sea It
belonged to the İonian legue
ΠEphesus hosted one of the seven churches of
asia,,
ΠIt is also the site of a large glatiator
graveyard.
ΠIn ancient times Ephesus was the home of
theTemple of Artemis, one of the Seven
Wonders of the World. (completed around
550 BC ).

ΠEphesus remains a sacred site for Christians

due to its association with several biblical
figures, including St. aul, St. John the
Evangelist and the Virgin Mary. The religious
history of ancient Ephesus was the subject
of the Webmaster's Mhil thesis at Oxford
(completed in June 2007),
Π. The town was again partially destroyed by
an earthquake in 614. The importance of the
city as a commercial centre declined as the
harbour slowly filled with silt from the river.
 

 !""" #

  



Πamukkale is an
extraordinary natural
wonder. The mineral-rich
waters rise from the ground
at a temperature of 35°C
and tumble down the
mountain from a height of
100 metres, forming a
myriad of pools.
 
 

Œ Karahayıt used to be just

a local tourist
destination, but
nowadays it is an
international destination
because many hotels
have been built.
Karahayıt Town is almost
as important as
amukkale.
 


 


ΠWith the variety of landscapes and
geographical regions, Turkey is a
country where you can do all sports
and activities you can imagine.
ΠYou can paraglide over the Dead Sea,
do scuba diving in Antalya, rafting in
River Coruh, yachting in the blue
coastal line, hot air ballooning in
Cappadoccia, mountaineering in
mount..
ΠYou can also play golf, explore caves,
ski on the mountains, visit hot springs
and spas, enjoy the national parks,
view the wild life or travel the green
plateous of Turkey.
&

x|&


 $
Π  
 or M  is a small village at the Asian side of
Istanbul, about 30 kilometers away from the historic city center,
within the boundaries of the Beykozdistrict. It was founded in 1842
by olish settlers.
Π lis citiz s ft c
 ack t rky i r r t visit t  sttl
t f t ir
f rfat rs. a ays, t r ar a t 1,  l i a
 l a ar  f
t 
sak  lis fltly.

Œ r is a fstival i  l zköy vry s

r ic acs t cltral

rlati si t a
 l a  la.  ia itats ay s
 f lk as fr

 la  tir 
Πolish-Turkish relations have been good since the 18th century, and the Ottoman Empire
was the only major power in the world which never recognized the dissolution and
partitioning of oland between Austria-Hungary, Russia and russia while Istanbul
remained as the only capital city in the world to maintain a "olish Ambassador" until the
end of the First World War and the subsequent re-creation of oland.
Πolonezk y (Adampol) was founded by Duke Adam Czartoryski in 1842. He was the
Chairman of the olish National aprising overnment and the leader of a political
emigration party. The settlement was named Adam-koj (Adamk y) after its founder,
which means the "Village of Adam" in Turkish ( means "Town of Adam" in olish).
a

   





 
  
a#  
 
   
$
%!

&   
 

 

   
'
 
 
 

 
 
3
   

a 

  

! 
"


%

&

Œ
Formula 1 Istanbul track hosts races since
2005
ΠTurkey is a recent entrant in the Formula I
circuit and the spanking new racing
circuit in Istanbul is comparable to any
other track in the world and well worth a
visit.
ΠThe Formula I circuit in Istanbul made a
debut in the racing calendar in 2005.
ΠThe all-purpose circuit was designed by
the famous erman architect Herman
Tilke of the Sepang, Bahrain and
Shanghai track fame.
ΠThe spectacular track is one of the
greatest racing tracks and has been
lauded by Bernie Ecclestone as the best
track in the world.
.
w  



ΠAlthough the typical

tourist time in Turkey is in
the summer months from
April to September, you
would be surprised to
know that Turkey holds
great promise during the
winter months too as a
ski resort.

ΠThe bracing mountain

wind, the smell of food
roasting on charcoal grills
in the open air, and the
quaint lifestyle of the
village people all make
for a memorable skiing
holiday in winter.
x
*

%


ΠKusadasi accomodates 3
major waterparks of which 2
of them are among the
largest in Europe.
ΠAdaland located 4 km north
of town and Aquafantasy
located 5 km north of
Kusadasi are the largest
waterparks in Turkey.
ΠLongbeach Aquaresort,
located 5 km south of
Kusadasi, is not as big in size
as the other 2. Aquafantasy
and Longbeach Aquaresort
are hotel-waterpark
combinations whereas
Adaland is only an aquapark.
Aquaparks in Kusadasi are
definately must try spots. All
of them have free shuttle
services from
Kusadasi.Adaland started to
x      
 
x     
 O
 
 

$
À   
 À

    

  

& 

  
  w

ΠThe sports in this section are
largely variations of
wrestling ,horse race,
jereed, camel wrestling,
bullfighting, cockfighting,
hunting etc.

+






{  

   




$
x


,


'
-

 .
 / 6



0!0