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Nidr0f yfyjd ym;rIwnfaqmufa&; tzGYJ (e0w) onf (1974) ckEpS f zGpYJ nf;ykH
tajccHOya'ukzd suo f rd ;f í ppftyk cf sKyfa&;jzifh pwiftyk cf sKyfco hJ nf/ (1990)
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rsm;jzifh “trsKd ;om;nDvmcH” udk (1993) ckEpS f Zefe0g&Dv (9) &ufwiG pf wif
ac:,lusif;ycJo h nf/ trsdK;om;nDvmcH\ vkyx f ;Hk vkyef nf;rsm;onf 'Dru dk
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xkwjf yef aMujimcJo h nf/ þzGpYJ nf; yku H dk toufoiG ;f Ekid &f ef vTwaf wmftpnf;
ta0;rsm; ac:,lusif;yEkid af &;twGuf (2010) jynfEh pS f Ek0d ifbmv (7)&uf
aeYwiG f a&G;aumufyu JG udk sif;ycJoh nf/

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üyif toufaoqk;H rIrsm;&Scd o hJ nf/ (2008) ckEpS f zGpYJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'ukd
tajccHí (2010) jynfEh pS f Ed0k ifbmv (7) &ufaeYwiG f usif;yjyKvkycf o hJ nfh
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 6
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 7
Edik if w
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rsm;? wnfqOJ ya'rsm;? tjynfjynfqikd &f mvlUtcGiahf &;ausnmcsufEiS hf Edik if H
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tvku d f wifjytyfygonf/

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 8
tjcm; (3) ckcí
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tav;xm; wifjytyfygonf/

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þtpD&ifcpH ma&;om;jyKpkEikd &f eftwGuf rdrw d Ydk “vlt

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oufqkdif&ma'orsm;twGif; teD;uyfapmihfMuyfMunfh&IavhvmcJhonf/
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qif\ h aqmif&u G cf suf jyKryl rHk sm;ukd avhvmrSww f rf;wifco hJ nf/ a&G;aumufyJG
&ufNyD;onfah emuf a&G;aumufy0JG ifEikd if aH &;ygwDrsm;? rJqE´&iS jf ynfol vlxw k Ydk
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ausmfukd jrefrmEkid if &H dS wkid ;f ESihf jynfe,f (6) ck twGi;f &Sd NrdKeY ,faygif; (42)
ESihf rJ&aHk ygif; (400) ausmfwUkd wGif jyKvkyí f ppfwrf;aumuf,rl u I dk pHepfwus
vkyaf qmifcyhJ gonf/ tifwmAsL;rsm;tjyif Edik if yH idk o f wif;pmrsm;ESihf jynfwiG ;f
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a&mufum aumufc&H &Scd o hJ nfh rlv owif;t&if;tjrpf (Primary Resource)
 9
rsm;jzpfyf gonf/ tifwmAsL;rsm;wGif trsm;ok;H jzpfonfh jrefrmbmom pum;ukd
ok;H EIe;f xm;ygonf/

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tav;teuf rSww f rf;wiftyfygonf/
 10

vl Y t cG i f h t a&;umuG , f j rS i f h w if o l r sm;uG e f , uf ( HRDP )

aemuf c H o rd k i f ; tusOf ;

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f ikd ;f Munfjh rifwikd Nf rdKeY ,f
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acgif;pOfjzifh vlt Y cGithf a&; pdw0f ifpm;ol vli,f (35) a,muf wdjYk zifh
ukvor*¾ tjynfjynfqikd &f mvlt Y cGiahf &;aMujimpmwrf;rsm;udk &efuek w f ikd ;f
ESihf {&m0wDwikd ;f wdYk wGipf wifjzefaY 0cJo h nf/

jrefrmjynfov l x l w k &yfv;Hk tajccHvt Yl cGitfh a&;rsm; em;vnfoabmayguf

apa&;ESihf rdrw d t Ykd cGit
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jcif;jzpfonf? pwifvyI &f mS ;pOfrmS yif vli,ftcsKd Uzrf;qD;jcif;cH cJ&h onf/ tcsKd U
e,fEiS 'f Pfrsm;ay;jcif;cHc&hJ onf/ ouú&mZf 2003? 2004? 2005 ckEpS x f d
(3) ESpq f ufwu kd f tjynfjynfqikd &f m vlt Y cGit hf a&; aMujimpmwrf;rsm;udk
wjynfv;Hk twdik ;f twm jyefEY aYHS &;udk usdK;yrf;jzefaY 0cJMh u&m yJc;l wdik ;f ? rEåav;
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jzefaY 0Edik cf o
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uG,jf rSiw hf iforl sm;uGe, f uf (Human Rights Defenders and promoters-
HRDP ) udk zGUJ pnf;aMumif; twdtvif; xkwjf yefaMujimcJo h nf/ 2006
ckEpS f 'DZifbm 10 &uf (58)ESpaf jrmuf tjynfjynfqikd &f mvlt Y cGithf a&;aeY
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 11
ta&; aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;jyKvkyjf cif;? vlUtcGit hf a&;aMujimpmwrf;rsm;? vlt Y cGihf
ta&;vufppJG mtkyrf sm;udk wkid ;f ESijhf ynfe,frsm;wGif jzefaY 0ay;jcif;rsm;jyK vkycf hJ
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vSsuf HRDP tzGUJ 0ifrsm; {&m0wDwikd ;f [oFmwNrdKeY ,f tkwyf aHk us;&GmodYk
oGm;a&mufí vlt Y cGit hf a&;todjrSiw hf ifa&; aqG;aEG;yGu J jkd yKvkycf o hJ nf/ a'o
cH tmPmydik rf sm;\ pDpOfrjI zifh MuHcY ikd zf NYHG zdK;a&;tzG0YJ ifrsm;\ 0dik ;f 0ef;&ku d Ef u S jf cif;
cHc&hJ onf/ a'ocHvt Yl cGiahf &;vIy&f mS ;ol OD;jrifEh ikd f ( ,ck uav;tusO;f axmif
wGif ESp&f n S u f s cHae&ol)? OD;armifarmifav;wdo Yk nf 'Pf&mjyif;xefvo S jzifh
&efuek af q;&kMH uD; OD;aPSmufEiS t hf m&kaH MumXmewGif ukocH cJ&h onf/ tvm;wl
yJc;l wdik ;f ? jynfNrdKrY S vlt Y cGit hf a&;vIy&f mS ;olrsm;tygt0if te,fe,f t&yf&yf
rS vlt Y cGit fh a&; vIy&f mS ;olrsm;onfvnf; rw&m;yk'rf rsm;jzifh zrf;qD; axmif
csjcif; cHc&hJ onf/
odaYk omfvnf; vlt Y cGit hf a&;umuG,jf rSiw hf iforl sm;uGe, f uftzG0YJ ifrsm;onf
vlt Y cGit hf a&;vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;udk qufvufaz:aqmifaecJo h nf/ jynforl sm;
rw&m;Oya'rsm;jzifch sKyaf ESmifc&H rI? t&G,rf a&mufao;onfh cav;i,frsm;udk
ppf0efxrf;rsm;tjzpf oGwo f iG ;f rIaerI? rw&m;owfjzwfrI ponfwu Ykd kd &efuek f
tajcpdkuf tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;tzGJYcsKyf ESifhqufoG,fí ulnD
aqmif&u G rf rI sm;udv k nf;jyKvkyaf y;cJo h nf/
ouú&mZf 2007 ckEpS f wGif tjynfjynfqikd &f m vlt Y cGithf a&;aeY txdr;f trSwf
tcrf;tem;rsm;udk uGe, f uf acgif;aqmif OD;jrifah t;\ aetdrw f iG v f nf;
aumif;? 2008 ckEpS f wGif &efuek Nf rdKaY y:pm;aomufqifkd f wpfcw k iG f vnf;aumif;
usif;yEdik cf yhJ gonf/
2008 ckEpS t f wGi;f {&m0wDwikd ;f wGi;f wGif vlt Y cGit hf a&;todjrSiw hf ifa&;
aqG;aEG;yGrJ sm;udx k yfrjH yKvkycf o hJ nf/ 2008 ckEpS f arv (2) &ufaeUu em*pf
rkew f ikd ;f 'gPf BuHKawGUcHpm;cJ&h aom bdu k av;? vyGwmå ? iykawm? a';'&J?
ykord ?f ajrmif;jr? armfvNrdKifusG ef;? rtlyif? vIid o f m,m? wGaH w;? uGr;f NcHuek ;f
NrdKeY ,frsm;wGif vlt Y cGiahf &; uguG,jf rSiw hf iforl sm;uGe, f uftzG0YJ if (80)
 12
ta&;wufa&mufco hJ nf/ ausmfjzifh em*pfrek w f ikd ;f 'Pfc&H aomjynforl sm;udk
u,fq,fa&; vkyif ef;rsm; jyKvkyaf y;cJo h nf/
uGe, f ufacgif;aqmifO;D jrifah t; taejzifjh refrmjynfwiG f MuHKawGaY e&aom
qd;k 0g;vSonfY vlt Y cGit hf a&;tajctaersm;udk rD', D mrsm;rSwqifh xkwaf z:
ajymqdkrIrsm;? vlYtcGifhta&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk ay:ay:xifxif vkyf
aqmifaerIrsm;? em*pfrek w f ikd ;f 'kuo © nfrsm; ulnaD &;udp&ö yfrsm; udw k ufwuf
MuGMuG vkyaf qmifaepOfrmS yif rw&m; Oya'yk'rf rsm;wyfí axmif'PfEpS f
&Snrf sm;csrSwcf cH &hJ onf/ ,cktcg vGKd ifau:tusOf; axmifxw J iG f uscHae&
qJjzpfonf/
2009 ckEpS w f iG f yJc;l wdik ;f jynfNrdKw Y iG f (61) ESpaf jrmuf vlt Y cGit
hf a&;aeYtcef;
tem;udk wjynfv;Hk rS vlt Y cGit hf a&; umuG,jf rSiw hf iforl sm; uGe, f uftzG0YJ if
rsm;pkqí Hk usi;f y&ef pDpOfc&hJ m a'ocHtmPmydik rf sm;rS tdr&f iS t f m; tcrf;tem;
rjyKvkyEf ikd &f ef tMuyfuikd w f m;qD;cHc&hJ onf/
,ckEpS f 2010 wGif yJc;l wdik ;f ? jynfNrdKw Y iG f vlt
Y cGit hf a&;aeY tcef;tem;udk
xyfru H si;f ycJ&h m wjynfv;Hk rS vlUtcGit hf a&;wd;k jrSiv hf o kd rl sm; vlaygif; (200)
ausmf wufa&mufco hJ nf/ tmPmydik rf sm;rS tcef;tem;usif;ycsdew f iG f wpkH
w&maESmuf,u S rf rI jyKcJah omfvnf; usi;f ycGiahf y;cJo h nfh vbuf&nfqikd t f m;
vuf&adS e&mrS ajymif;a&GU&ef zdtm;ay;rIrsm; jyKvkycf o hJ nf/
2002 ckEpS f Human Rights Guardians pwifzpYJG nf;jcif;rS 2006 ckEpS f HRDP
jzpfay:cJNh yD; ,aeYtcsed t f xd vlt Y cGit hf a&; umuG,jf rSiw hf iforl sm; uGe, f uf
acgif;aqmif OD;jrifah t; tygt0if uGe, f uftzG0YJ if 40 cefY jrefrmjynftusO;f
axmifrsm;xJwiG f axmifoiG ;f tusOf;uscHae&qJjzpfonf/
 13

4/ HRDP \uGif;qif;aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;ESifh jynfolvlxk\

wkejYf yefcsufrsm;

&efuek w f ikd ;f wGif (11) NrdKUe,f? {&m0wDwikd ;f wGif (11) NrdKUe,f? yJc;l wdik ;f wGif
(11) NrdKUe,f? &Sr;f jynfe,fwiG f (5) NrdKUe,f? ucsifjynfe,fwiG f (1) NrdKUe,f
ESihf &cdik jf ynfe,fwiG f (3) NrdKUe,fwUkd wGif oGm;a&muf vlawGU awGUqHk ar;jref;
aqmif&u G rf I (30ç000) jyKvkycf yhJ gonf/

okawoejyKpmwrf;vTmwGif atmufygtwdik ;f ar;cGe;f (13) ckukd jyifqifum

jynfe,f ESihf wdik ;f (6) ckrS NrdKUe,faygif; (42) NrdKUe,f&dS jynfov
l x
l k (30ç000)
udk ar;jref; aumuf,cl &hJ m atmufygtwdik ;f awGU&S&d ygonf/

ar;cGe;f (1)/ 2010 ckEpS f Ed0k bFmv (7) &ufaeUwGiu f sif;yjyKvkyrf nfh jrefrmh
a&G;aumufyu JG kd pdw0f ifpm; ygovm;[k ar;jref;&mwGif vH;k 0pdwrf 0if pm;ol
(92) &mcdik Ef eI ;f &SNd yD;? usefaom (8) &mcdik Ef eI ;f rS pdw0f ifpm; onft h aMumif;
t&if;rSm bmawGxyfNyD; vdrn f mtH;k rnfukd odcsiaf omaMumif[ h k &SmazG awGU&Scd hJ
ygonf/

ar;cGef; (2)/ bmhtwGufaMumifhrJay;&rnfudkoifodygovm;[laom

ar;cGe;f udk rodb;l [k ajzqdo k l (65) &mcdik Ef eI ;f awGU&Scd &hJ NyD;? od&o
dS l (35)
&mcdik Ef eI ;f wGif 2008 ckEpS f zGUJ pnf;yHtk ajccH Oya'udk twnfjyK&efukd trsm;pku
ajzqdkNyD;? tpdk;&tajymif;tvJjzpf&ef ESifhudk,fBudKufoludk a&G;cs,fzdkU&ef
rJay;&jcif; jzpfaMumif; ajzqdo k mG ;cJyh gonf/

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (3)/ rJ bmaMumifah y;&onfukd wm0ef&o dS rl sm;ESihf tpd;k &u

oift
h m; &Si;f jycJh ygovm;[laom ar;cGe;f udk ar;jref;&mwGif jynfov l x l k
(65) &mcdik Ef eI ;f jynfh r&Si;f jycJah Mumif; ajzMum;cJyh gonf/ usefaom (35)
 14
&mcdik Ef eI ;f wGif a&'D,?kd &kyjf rifoMH um;wGif wcgwav &Si;f jyw,f? b,forl S
pdwrf 0ifpm;? ydwyf pfvu kd w f mygyJ [k ajzMum;cJyh gonf/

ar;cG e f ; eH y gwf (4)/ oif , H k M unf a omud k , f p m;vS , f a vmif ; rsm;

yg0ifa&G;cs,fciG &hf cJyh govm;[laom ar;cGe;f udk ar;jref;&mwGif jynfov l x
l k
(76) &mcdik Ef eI ;f rS yg0if a&G;cs,fciG hf r&cJah Mumif; ajzMum;cJyh gonf/ ,if;
(76) &mcdkifEIef;wGif (78) &mcdkifEIef; jynfolrsm;u axmifcsxm;onf
yg0ifciG rhf jyKaMumif; ESihf usef (22) &mcdik Ef eI ;f rS rodao;aMumif; ajzMum;
cJhygonf/

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (5)/ oif,MkH unfaom Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;yg0if,OS jf ydKifciG &hf cJyh g
ovm;[laom ar;cGe;f udk jynfol vlxk (30000) rS yg0if,OS Nf ydKifciG hf
r&cJah Mumif; ajzMum;cJyh gonf/ ,if;ajzMum;rIwiG v f nf; (85) &mcdik Ef eI ;f rS
yg0ifciG hf r&vdUk [k ajzMum;cJo
h vd?k r,SONf ydKifaomaMumif[h k useforl sm;u
ajzMum;cJyh gonf/

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (6)/ ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;ESihf Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;tm;vH;k

vGyv f yfpmG rJq, G pf nf;&H;k cGi&hf cJh onf[o
k ifxifygovm;[laom ar;cGe;f udk
jynf o l v l x k (75) &mcd k i f E I e f ; u r&S d c J h a Mumif ; ajzMum;cJ h y gonf /
bmaMumifhvJ[k xyfrHar;jref;&mwGif Oya'aMumif;t&? rJqG,f&onfh
tcsdeu f mv? aiGaMu;tiftm;? vltiftm;? tmPmjyef&&ef pDpOfjcif; ESihf
vkyyf ikd cf iG t
hf ay: rSw
D nfaMumif; (85) &mcdik Ef eI ;f ausmrf S jyefvnf ajzMum;cJo
h vd?k

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (7)/ vuf&t dS yk cf sKyfaeolrsm;udk oif\rJay;a&G;cs,frjI zifh

jzKwcf sEifkd rf nf[k oif,MkH unfyg ovm;[laom ar;cGe;f udk okawoejyKc&H ol
(30000) rS rJa&G;cs,frjI zifh jzKwfcsEdik rf nfr[kwaf Mumif; jyefvnf ajzMum;cJh
ygonf/ bmaMumifhvJ[k xyfrHar;jref;&mwGif 1990 jynfhESpfwHk;uvJ
 15
vdrw
f myJ? 2008 wH;k uvJ vdrw
f myJ? tckvJ xyfvrd cf &H tH;k rnf[k ajzqdck yhJ g
onf/

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (8)/ tpd;k &\ulnaD xmufyrhH jI zifh 0ifa&muf,OS jf ydKifaeaom

Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;&Srd nf[k oifxifyg ovm;[laom ar;cGe;f udk ar;jref;&mwGif
0ifa&muf,SOfNydKifrnf jzpfaMumif; &mcdkifEIef;jynfh ajzMum;cJhovdk?
jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD jzpfrnfjzpfaMumif; xyfraH jzMum;cJyh gonf/

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (9)/ rJpm&if;aumuf,jl cif;? rJay;jcif;ESihf rJa&wGurf rI sm;onf

vdrfvnfvSnfhzsm;rIrsm; uif;&Sif; onf[koif,HkMunfygovm;[laom
ar;cGe;f udk ar;jref;&mwGif (87) &mcdik Ef eI ;f u uif;&Si;f rnf r[kwaf Mumif;
ajzMum;cJhygonf/ bmaMumifhvJ[k xyfrHar;jref;&mwGif trsm;pku
r,HMk unfaomaMumif[ h k jyefvnf ajzMum; cJyh gonf/

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (10)/ a&G;aumufyOJG ;D aqmifusif;yolrsm;onf bufvu kd rf I

uif;&Sif;onf[k oif,HkMunfyg ovm;[k ar;jref;&mwGif &mEIef;jynfh
r,HMk unfaMumif;? aumfr&Siu f kd pdwBf udKuf zGUJ pnf;jcif;? vuf&dS tpd;k & ud, k w f ikd f
yg0ifywfoufaejcif;? ygwDacgif;aqmifrsm;onf Adv k cf sKyfBuD;rsm; jzpfaejcif;
ESihf jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDtwGuo
f m jzpfrnf jzpfaMumif; (90) &mcdik Ef eI ;f u ajz&Si;f
csufrsm; ay;cJyh gonf/

ar;cGe;f eHygwf (11)/ a&G;aumufyjJG zpfpOftm;vH;k wGif tajccHvUl tcGit hf a&;

rsm;ESihf tnDaqmif&u G cf hJ ygovm; [laom ar;cGe;f udk ar;jref;&mwGif (85)
&mcdkifEIef;u raqmif&GufcJhaMumif; ajzMum;cJhygonf/ bmaMumifhvJ[k
ar;jref;rIukd ar;jref;&mwGif a&G;aumufyo JG nf tajccH vlUtcGit
hf a&;rsm;
ESihf rnDaMumif;ESivhf Ul tcGit hf a&;udyk if rodaMumif; jyefvnf ajzMum;cJyh g
onf/
 16
ar;cGe;f eHygwf (12)/ Edik if o
H m;rsm;tm;vHk; EdkifiHa&;ygwDrsm;tm;vHk;
a&G;aumufyw JG iG f yg0ifaqmif&uG f cJo
h nf [kxifygovm;[laom ar;cGe;f udk
ar;jref;&mwGif (90) &mcdkifEIef;rS raqmif&GufcJhaMumif; ajymMum;cJhygonf/
ar;cGe;f eHygwf (13)/ oif rJxnfrh vm;[k ar;jref;&mwGif (46) &mcdik Ef eI ;f u
rJxnfrh nf r[kwaf Mumif; ajzMum;cJyh gonf/ rJxnfrh nforl sm;rSvnf; rdom;pk
tajctaet& rJxnh&f rnf jzpfaMumif;? rJray;vSsif olwUkd bmom xnfh
oGm;rnf jzpfaMumif; ESihf ,if;aMumifh tjcm;ygwDrsm;udk rJomG ;a&mufxnf&h rnf
jzpfaMumif; ajzMum;cJyh gonf/

jynfe,fEiS w
hf ikd ;f tvdu
k f aumufc&H &Srd I pm&if;rsm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfyg
onf/

jynfe,f ^ wdik ;f a'oBuD; NrdKUe,f aumufccH o

hJ nfOh ;D a&

&efuek w
f ikd ;f (14ç251 OD;) tvHk 2ç600 OD;
Munfjh rifwikd f 1ç300 OD;
vSKd if 2ç800 OD;
vSKd ifom,m 2ç080 OD;
xef;wyif 1ç030 OD;
'*Hk 800 OD;
wHaG w; 760 OD;
aumrSL; 1ç200 OD;
uGr;f NcHuek ;f 560 OD;
tif;pdef 805 OD;
r&rf;uke;f 416 OD;

yJc;l wdik ;f (5ç945 OD;) yJc;l 400 OD;

ZD;uke;f 520 OD;
 17
MudKUyifaumuf 380 OD;
tkwfzdk 302 OD;
ewfwvif; 380 OD;
om,m0wD 209 OD;
oJuek ;f 482 OD;
ykw;D uke;f 520 OD;
jynf 2ç010 OD;
yef;awmif; 280 OD;
a&Tawmif 362 OD;

{&m0wDa'o (10ç899 OD;) uefMuD;axmifh 762 OD;

ykord f 1ç800 OD;
aiGaqmif 900 OD;
omaygif; 628 OD;
iykawm 412 OD;
[oFmw 602 OD;
MuHcif; 205 OD;
av;rsufEmS 1ç500 OD;
bku
d av; 3ç000 OD;
jrif;uuke;f 400 OD;
u'H{k &m 280 OD;

&cdik jf ynfe,f (4ç552 OD;) ppfawG 1ç200 OD;

rmefatmif 1ç520 OD;
awmifuwk f 1ç832 OD;

&Sr;f jynfe,f (4ç373 OD;) awmifMuD; 1ç843 OD;

anmifa&T 1ç223 OD;
 18
tif;av; 723 OD;
vGKd ifvif 312 OD;
erfq h ef 272 OD;

ucsifjynfe,f (403 OD;) jrpfMuD;em; 403 OD;

pkpak ygif; aumufccH o

hJ nfh OD;a& 30ç000 OD;

5/ a&G;aumufyt
JG BudKumv

(u) qE´rJ ay;cGi&hf o

dS pl m&if;

jrefrmEdik if wH iG f aemufq;kH tBudrf w&m;0if oef;acgifpm&if; aumuf,x l m;rIukd

1983 ckESpf rwfv (31) &uf aeUu jyKvkyfcJhNyD;? vlOD;a& pkpkaygif;
(354ç42ç972) OD; &Scd o hJ nf[q k o
kd nf/ 1990 jynfEh pS f arv ygwDpkH taxG
axG a&G;aumufyrJG sm;wGif qE´raJ y;cGi&hf o dS l OD;a& (208ç18ç313) OD; &Scd o hJ nf/
2008 ckEpS f zGUJ pnf;yHt k ajccHOya' jynfoq l E´c,H yl w
JG iG f qE´ay;cGi&hf o
dS l OD;a&
(278ç28ç827) OD; &Scd o hJ nf/ 2010 ckEpS f Ed0k bFm (7) &uf a&G;aumufyw JG iG f
qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS l OD;a& (290ç21ç608) &So d nf[k jynfaxmifpk a&G;aumufyJG
aumfr&Siu f xkwjf yefco hJ nf/

tpd;k & 0efBuD;Xmersm;u xkwjf yefaomw&m;0if ude;f *Pef;rsm;wGif jrefrmEdik if H

vlOD;a& pkpkaygif;udk usef;rma&;0efBuD;XmerS (509ç32ç560)? vl0if
rIBuD;Muyfa&;ESihf jynfoUl tiftm;OD;pD;Xmeu (512ç71ç649) [k azmfjyxm;
onf/

odUk jzpfí 1983 ckEpS f aemufyikd ;f jrefrmEdik if w

H iG f wdusaom oef;acgif pm&if;
aumuf,rl I r&Sad wmhyJ ,ck a&G;aumufyw JG iG f qE´raJ y;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS l pm&if;jyKprk rI mS
 19
aumfr&Sif tqifq h if\
h jyKpkwifjyaom pm&if;Z,m;rsm; ay:wGif tajccHí
azmfjyjcif;rsKd ; jzpfojzifh jrefrmEdik if &H dS vlO;D a& ESihf qE´rJ ay;ydik cf iG &hf o
dS pl m&if;udk
twdtus twnfjyKEdik &f ef cufcv J aS yonf/

qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolpm&if;rjyKpkjcif;rSm a&G;aumufyGJOya'yk'fr - 13
udk csdK;azmufusL;vGef jcif;jzpfygonf/

(c) BudKwifrJ

avhvmawGU&Scd sufrsm;t& BudKwifraJ y;jcif;ESiq hf ikd af omudp&ö yfonf a&G;

aumufyJG &vm'ftwGuf tusdK;oufa&mufrI tBuD;tus,f jzpfapcJo h nfukd
awGU&Scd &hJ onf/ BudKwifrrJ sm;udk enf;vrf;rsKd ;pHk toH;k jyKum aumuf,cl ahJ Mumif;
awGU&Scd &hJ ygonf/ om"utm;jzifh rJ&;kH rSL;rsm;rS rJpm&if;vdrv f nfjyKpkjcif;?
rJqE´&iS rf sm;\ rJay;rIuakd pmifMh unfh aumuf,jl cif;? Oya'ESirhf nDonfh BudK
wifrrJ sm; aumuf,?l a&wGujf cif;? BudKwifrJ rsm;udk Oya'ESirhf nD wtdrf
wufqif; tmPmydik rf sm;aumuf,jl cif;? aus;&Gmaygif; (27) &Gmtm; BudKwifrJ
cGw
J rf;csay;jcif;? BudKwifrJ w&m;r0if a&wGujf cif;ESirhf nfoEl ikd &f rnf[k trdeUf
ay;um jyefvnfBudKwifraJ umufapjcif; ponfjzifh enf;rsdK;pH&k adS Mumif;
awGU&Scd &hJ onf/

BudKwifraJ y;&eftwGuf owfrw S x

f m;ol rsm;taejzifh wyfrawmfom;rsm;ESihf
twlae tdrfaxmifpk0ifrsm;? rJqE´e,f jyifya&muf ausmif;om;rsm;?
rJqE´e,fjyifya&muf oifwef;om;rsm;? rJqE´e,fjyifya&muf tjcm;
rJqE´&iS rf sm;? tcsKycf aH e&olrsm;? aq;&Hw k ufa&mufae&aom twGi;f vlemrsm;?
tpd;k &cGijhf yKcsufjzifh Ekid if jH yify wGif a&muf&aSd eolrsm;onfom BudKwifrJ
ay;ydik cf iG hf &Sad Mumif; a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Sif Oya'wGif jyXmef;xm;ygonf/
 20
odUk aomfvnf; a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Si?f wm0ef&o dS l tmPmydik rf sm;\ BudKwif
rJqikd &f m ESiyhf wfoufí Oya'rJjh yKvkyrf rI sm;udk tifwmAsL;rsm;? AD', D kd rSww
f rf;
rsm;t& atmufygtwdik ;f avhvmawGU&S&d ygonf/

(&efuek w f ikd ;f ) rJ&;kH rSL;rsm;rS rJpm&if;vdrv f nfjyKpkjcif; (wdik Mf um;vTm ESiw hf uG

Munf&h &I ef)
&efuek w f ikd ;f wGif wdik pf mESiw hf uG &efuek w
f ikd ;f aumrª;NrdKeY ,f? usLawm
acsmifaus;&Gm &yf&mG at;csrf;,ma&;ESizhf UG NH zdK;a&;aumifpOD uúXOD;0if;pd;k ESihf
aumfr&SiOf uúX OD;xGe;f atmif? xef;wyif aus;&Gm/ &,u OuúX OD;jrifah ZmfEiS hf
aumfr&SiOf uúX OD;aX;0if;? c&du k cf edaus;&Gm &,uOuúX OD;udBk uD;ESihf aumfr&Sif
OuúXOD;ode;f atmifwu Ykd uG,v f eG of rl sm;\ trnfpm&if;? wzufEikd if rH sm;odUk
w&m;r0if oGm;a&muftvkyv f yk af eMuonft h rnfpm&if;? touf 18 ESprf
jynfah o;onfh vli,frsm;\trnfpm&if;? rJpm&if;wGif ESpBf udryf gaeolrsm;
pm&if;udk vdrv f nfjyKpx k m;aMumif;; BudKwifrpJ m&if;udk NrdKUe,faumfr&Sif OuúX
OD;oif;a&T xHoUkd wdik Mf um;cJo h nf/h
 21

(yJc;l wdik ;f ) BudKwifrrJ sm;udk y,fzsujf cif; ESihf zdtm;ay;jyefvnf aumuf,jl cif;
(wdik Mf um;vTm ESiw hf uG Munf&h &I ef)
 22
Ed0k ifbmv (6) &ufaeYu tif;rNrdKU? cv& (80) wGif BudKwifrJ
(150)udk aumufccH &hJ mwdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDñw G af &;ygwDrS oJuek ;f NrdKUe,f
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Adv
k rf LS ;BuD; - Nidr;f ) rS rJtrsm;pk&&SNd yD; usefygwDu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;rS (10) rJ
cefoY m &&Scd hJ ojzifh aemufwaeYeeH ufwiG f wyfa&;Adv k Bf uD; atmifoal usmfrS
jynfcikd Nf zdK; ygwDjcaoFh trSww f q
H yd u f o
kd m &Jabmfrsm;rS rJxnf&h rnf jzpf
aMumif; trdex Yf w
k jf yefco
hJ nf/

jynfNrdKUe,f tkwq f tJG yk pf ?k a&Munfuek ;f aus;&GmwGif 2010 ckEpS f Ed0k bFm(5)

&ufaeYu rJqE´&iS u f ckd ifvwf\ taMumif;Mum;csut f & jynfaxmifpk jrefrm
Edik if t H rsKd ;om;Edik if aH &;tzGrYJ S trsKd ;om; vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,f OD;ausmaf usmf
atmifEiS hf jynfov Yl wT af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f OD;atmifEikd Of ;D wdrYk S udx k eG ;f rif;aZmf
tdro f oYkd mG ;ppfaq;onft h cgOya'ESirhf nDonfBh udKwifrrJ sm;a&wGuaf eonf
udk awGí Y aygif;wvnf&pJ cef;odUk wdik Mf um;cJh ojzifh &Jpcef;rª; OD;atmifjrifo h ed ;f
ESit hf zGrYJ rS w
S f wrf;"mwfy&kH u dk , f Nl yD;ppfaq;&m udx
k eG ;f rif;aZmfrS aumfr&Sif
OuúX OD;MunfneG EYf iS hf &,upma&; OD;wifaX;atmif wdu Yk cdik ;f aMumif; tppf
cHrIudkaumfr&SifOuúXESifh &,u pma&;wdkYujiif;qdkygonf/ tdwfrydwf
xm;onfh BudKwifrrJ sm;udk a&wGuMf unf&h m (114) apmif&adS Mumif; jynf
axmifpjk refrmEdik if H trsdK;om;Edik if aH &;ygwDrS c&dik pf nf;&H;k a&;rª; OD;OmPfv\ S
ajymMum;csufjzpfonf/

({&m0wDwikd ;f ) w&m;r0if BudKwifraJ y;cdik ;f jcif; (wdik Mf um;vTm ESiw hf uG

Munf&h &I ef)
2010 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmv (15) &uf &ufpjJG zifh OD;pd;k jrifh (jynfov Yl w
T f
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;)? trsdK;om;'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pk? ykord Nf rdKUe,f? rJ
qE´e,fajr? {&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBuD;} u vufrw S af &;xd;k í BudKwifru J pd u ö kd
ykord Nf rdKU? {&m0wDwikd ;f a'oBuD; a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&SiOf uúXxH vdyrf w l ikd Mf um;
xm;onf/ jzpfpOfrmS ykord Nf rdKU? rSepf uf&&kH dS 0efxrf;rsm; ESihf ynma&;aumvdy&f dS
 23

0efxrf;rsm;onf oufqikd f &m &yfuu G af umfr&Sirf sm;? rSepf uf&kH wm0ef&o dS rl sm;?
ynma&;aum vdyaf usmif;tkyBf uD;ESihf rJ&rkH LS ;rsm;a&SUwGif BudKwifrrJ sm;udk rdrq d E´
t& vGwv f yfpmG qE´rJ ay;ydik cf iG rhf &&Scd ahJ y/ puf&&kH 0dS efxrf;rsm;onf ykord Nf rdKU
wGif aexdik o f rl sm; jzpfNyD; ynma&;aumvdyf rS q&m^q&mrrsm;onf e,fNrdKU
rsm;rS vma&mufMuolrsm;jzpfí oufqikd &f mrdr\ d NrdKUe,f? rJqE´e,fajrwGif
rJrxnhcf ikd ;f bJ tvkyv f yk o
f nfh rSepf uf&EkH iS hf ynma&; aumvdyw f iG o f m
BudKwifrJ xnfch ikd ;f jcif; jzpfonf/
 24
oJuek ;f NrdKU tygt0if oJuek ;f NrdKUe,f&dS aus;&Gmaygif; (27) &GmwGif tmPmydik f
rsm;rS aus;&Gmwckukd BudKwifrJ (150) udk aumufcikd ;f cJyh gonf/ yJc;l wdik ;f ?
jynfNrdKUe,f? taemufjcrf;opfcsKd Uyiftyk pf k &,uOuúX OD;aygufpeJUopfcsKd UyifrS
ausmif;q&m OD;atmif0if;wdUk rS ESpOf ;D wnf;oabmjzifh oJusJav; &GmwGiBf udK
wifrJ (150) udk vma&muf aumuf,cl yhJ gonf/

2010 ckEpS f Ed0k bFm (6) &ufaeUwGif &Sr;f jynfe,f? awmifBuD;NrdKUay:&Sd &yfuu G f
ESihf aus;&Gmtkypf rk sm;rS touf (60) jynfNh yD;onfh rJqE´&iS rf sm;tm; rJjcpf
rSm;,Gi;f rnfukd pd;k &dro f nf[k qdu k m jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD0ifrsm;ESihf a&G;aumufyJG
aumfr&Siw f Ukd rS jcaoFt
h rSww f q
H yd af b;wGif trSejf cpfay;cJo h nf/ &yfuu G w f ck
vSsif ysr;f rSsS (60) ausmf &So
d jzifh pkpak ygif; BudKwifrJ (400) cefU aumufccH o hJ nf/

2010 ckEpS f Ed0k bFm (5) &ufaeUu aejynfawmf wyfuek ;f rJqE´e,frsm;wGif

BudKwifrrJ sm;udk a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&SiEf iS hf jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDwUkd u toHcsUJ puf
rsm; toH;k jyKí bke;f BuD;ausmif;? pmoifausmif;rsm;wGif aumufccH MhJ uonf/

2010 ckEpS f Ed0k bFm(3)&ufaeUwGif ucsijf ynfe,f? jrpfBuD;em;olemjyK

wuúov kd wf iG f ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;tm; wOD;vSsif ESpaf omif;usyf ay;í
a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiEf iS jhf ynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDwUkd rS BudKwifrrJ sm;0,f,cl o
hJ nf/
 25
txufygtaMumif;t&mrsm;udMk unf&h jI cif;tm;jzifh a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&SiEf iS hf
jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDonf pepfwusBudKwifrrJ sm;ud0k ,f,jl cif;? zdtm;ay;aumufcH
jcif;? a&wGujf cif;rsm; jyKvkycf ahJ Mumif;udk todoufaorsm;jzifh wifjytyfyg
onf/

,if ; twG u f jynf o l U vG w f a wmf a &G ; aumuf y G J Oya'? tcef ; (9)

a&G;aumufyGJ usif;yjcif; Oya'yk'fr (43) wGifjyXmef;xm;onfhtwdkif;
BudKKwifrJvufrSwfjzifh rJay;olrsm;rSty qE´rJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;onf
udk,fwdkifvSsdKU0Suf rJqE´ay;&rnf/ ukd,fpm;jyKrJ ray;& [lí jyXmef;
csufudk wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ukdk,fwkdif csdK;azmufusL;vGefxm; aMumif;awGU
&S d & onf /

(*) rufv;Hk ay;rJq,

G pf nf;&k;H jcif;^rJ0,fjcif;

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif rufv;kH ay;rJq, G jf cif;? rJ0,fjcif;wdUk udk jyKvkyf

cJah Mumif; atmufyg om"ursm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/ ,if;odUk
vkyaf qmif&mwGif aiGaMu;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk t"duxm;í vkyaf qmifomG ;
cJo h nfukd awGU&S&d ygonf/

(yJc;l wdik ;f ) rufv;kH ay; rJq,

G pf nf;&H;k jcif; (wdik Mf um;vTm ESiw
hf uG Munf&h &I ef)

ZD;uke;f NrdKUe,f? rD;aumufyiftyk pf ?k rD;aumufyifaus;&Gm wGif 2010

ckEpS f pufwifbmv (19) &ufaeY wGif jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDrS pnf;&H;k a&;qif;&m
OD;okcod'¨d ausmif;xkdifaom rD;aumufyifausmif;awmfodkY vma&mufí
jynfckdifNzdK;ygwD NrdKUe,ftwGif;a&;rSL; OD;wifxGef;? &GmcHpnf;&Hk;a&;rSL;
OD;oef;aX;? OD;odef;atmif? jynfckdifNzdK; vTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,favmif;
OD;cifarmifjrifh ESif OD;xl;cdkifwkdYu &Gmv,fwHwm;udk aqmufay;rnf[k
ajymqk d u m q&mawmf pd w f B ud K uf y H k p H e J Y uk e f u saiG u d k yrmPud k
 26
wGufcsufwifay;&ef rSmMum;cJhonff/ q&mawmfrSvnf; em;vnfwwf
ußGr;f olrsm;ESihf wkid yf ifumwGucf sufNyD;

ukeu f saiGyrmPudk wifjycJo h nf/ ,if;wdUk tm; ar;jref;aomtcg &ufcsde;f

trsKd ;rsKd ;ajymif;íaqmif&u
G af y;jcif; r&Scd o
hJ nft h jyif a&G;aumufyNJG yD; umvwGif
vmbfay;vmbf,l rjyKvky&f [kqo kd nfh pum;jzifh tqH;k owfvu kd yf gonf/
'ghtjyif CDMA zke;f udv k nf; OD;pm;ay;csay;rnf[k vma&muf pnf;&H;k cJph Of
u ajymqdck ahJ yrJh a&G;aumufyt JG NyD;wGif jynfcikd Nf zdK;rS tEdik &f &SNd yD; a&G;aumufyu JG kd
*wdukd arhavsmhypfy,fco hJ nf/
 27
rd;k ndKNrdKeY ,f a&pif;aus;&Gmtkypf w k iG 6f &ufaeYuBuHzh rYHG S udak tmifausmfO;D
?(NrdKeY ,f?tvkyrf aI qmif)ESiahf tmifukd (pnf;&H;k a&;rI;)wdYk uBudKwifrw J rJukd
2000d^-jzifh0,f,lonf/touf&G,fBuD;olrsm;udk,fpm;jcaoFhae&mudk
ud, k w f ikd jf cpfay;onf/ xdUk tjyif ewåvif;NrdKeY ,f ZD;uke;f uav; &yfuu G ?f
uHO;D aA'g? aZ,smwGiaf eaom udrk if;rif;vwf? udak tmifjrifph ;kd ? udo k ef;OD;?
udak tmifoef;aZmfwBYkd uHzh UHG tuFs0D wfí &yfuu G tf wGi;f wtdrw f uf qif;
jynfcikd Nf zdK;tm;rJay;zd?Yk Edik u
f qkv'fcs;D ;jrSirhf nfjzpfaMumif;ajymqdk pnf;&H;k cJo
h nf/

(&efuek w
f ikd ;f ) BudKwifrrJ sm;udk 0,f,jl cif;? rJq,
G jf cif;
 28
BuHUcdkifa&;ygwDrS0ifa&mufta&G;cHr,fhvTwfawmfudk,fpm;vS,fa'gufwm
cifarmifav; eJY udak usmfausmfvif; wdrYk S rJq, G pf nf;&H;k onfth aejzifh ,kZe
&yfuu G af e rat;at;armf (c) ra&Tv;kH udk awmfovif;vqef; (10) &ufaeYu
a':ZD;uGuf (c) a':aX;aX;vIid f tdro
f aYkd c:NyD; BuHUzGUH ygwDx0J ifvsS if vlwpfO;D udk
usyf (50000) twd;k rJh aiGacs;r,f[k ajymqdk pnf;&H;k cJyh gonf/ ukad usmaf usmf
vif; &JUZeD;rSvma&mufaiGacs;ol (300) cefU\trnf? ae&yf vdypf m? rSwyf kH
wif eHygwfawGukd pm&if;a&; om;cJo h nf/ acs;aiG ESihf toif;0if u'fjym;udk
csufcsif; xkwrf ay;yJ naevma&muf xkw, f &l ef ajymqdk pnf;&H;k cJyh gonf/
naeydik ;f wGif toif;0ifu'fjym; om &&SNd yD; a&G;aumufyNJG yD;onftxd acs;aiG
r&&Scd hJ ay/

txufygtaMumif;t&mudp&ö yfrsm;udk axmuf&jI cif;tm;jzifh jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD

onf Oya'rJh rJq,
G pf nf;&H;k jcif;? rJ0,fjcif; udp&ö yfrsm;udk aqmif&uG cf ahJ Mumif;
oufaoom"ursm;jzifh wifjytyfygonf/ xdUk tjyif a&G;aumufyJG aumfr&Sif
onfvnf; bufvu kd í
f rJq, G pf nf;&H;k rIukd vkyaf qmifay;cJah Mumif; xif&mS ;
apcJyh gonf/

,if;twGufaMumifh jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwDESifha&G;aumufyGJaumfr&Sifonf
jynfolUvTwfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' (etz Oya' trSwf-3^2010)
yk'rf - 66 (u) (1) vmbfay;? vmbf,rl I jyKvkyjf cif;ukd azmufzsuf
usL;vGefjcif;jzpfygonf/ jypfrIqkdif&mOya't&qdkvSsif yk'fr - 171
(i) udk usL;vGef&ma&mufygonf/ a&G;aumufyGJrSm ravSsmfMoZmokH;rI
usL;vGefvSsif jypfrIqkdif&mOya'yk'fr - 171(p) usL;vGefaMumif;
xif & S m ;ygonf /
 29
(i) zdtm;ay;Ncdr;f ajcmufrrI sm;

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif a&G;aumufyaJG tmifEikd af &;twGuf rJq, G f pnf;

&H;k vIy&f mS ;&mwGif zdtm;ay;? Ncdr;f ajcmuf? tMuyfuikd rf rI sdK;pHk jyKvkycf ahJ Mumif;
atmufygom"ursm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/

,if;odUk vkyaf qmif&mwGif aiGaMu;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk t"duxm;í vkyaf qmif
oGm;cJo
h nfukd awGU&S&d ygonf/

jynfNrdKUe,f? wDw'G pf jH yrJqE´e,fajrwGif Xmeqdik &f m OD;pD;rª;rsm;? &Jr;ª rsm;ESihf

&mtdrrf ;ª OD;atmifp;kd OD;nGeaYf 0wdu
Yk jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk rJray;u a*gufuiG ;f u,f&D
tvkyjf zKwfc&H rnf[k &Gmom;rsm;udk Ncdr;f ajcmufco hJ nf/

ewåvif;NrdKeY ,fpnfyifXme 0efxrf; tif*sief ,D m a':pE´mat;u ti,fwef;

vpmenf;0efxrf;a':csKd tm; ,if;ESihf rdom;pkrsm;u BuHzh t
YHG m; rJay;&ef? ray;u
tvkyjf zKwfrnf[k zdtm;ay; ajymMum; onf/

2010 ckEpS f atmufwb kd mF (16) &ufwiG f {&m0wDwikd ;f ? zsmyHck &dik f jrpfurf;

aus;&GmwGif &,u ESihf jynfcikd Nf zdK;wdUk rS wtdrw
f a,mufqifah c:í jynfcikd Nf zdK;
ygwDukd rJay;&rnf? ray;vSsif 'PfaiG (2ode;f ) usyfEiS ahf xmif'Pf (6-v)
uscHap&rnf[k Ncdr;f ajcmufajymqdck o hJ nf/

2010 ckEpS f atmufwb kd mF (23) &ufwiG f &efuek w f ikd ;f ? xef;wyifNrdKU? av;

axmifu h efaus;&Gm? uGi;f acsmif;BuD;aus;&GmwdUk rS jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD pnf;&H;k a&;rSL;?
&,u? v,f^pdu k f bPfwUkd rS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u &Gmom;rsm;udk aiGwpfoed ;f
usyfpD xkwaf cs;rnfjzpfaMumif; ESihf jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD0if avsmufvmT rsm;udk
vufrw S af &;xd;k cdik ;f onf/ "gwfy&kH udk , f Nl yD; aemufwpfywftMumwGif jynf
cdik Nf zdK;ygwDrS wm0ef&o dS rl sm;a&muf&v dS mNyD; BudKwifraJ umuf,í l tzGUJ 0if&if?
 30
tzGUJ udrk aJ y;&if tcGit
hf a&;awGtrsm;BuD;&rnf/ r[kwv
f sS iaf wmh'PfaiG usyf
wpfoed ;f ay;aqmif& rnf[k Ncdr;f ajcmuf ajymqdo k nf/

2010 ckEpS f Ed0k bFmv (6)&uf a&G;aumufyt JG BudKaeUwGif &cdik jf ynfe,f rif;jym;
rJqE´e,frS jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD0ifrsm;rS wkw?f "g;rsm; udik af qmifívnf;aumif;?
r,u? &,ursm;rSvnf;aumif; jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDurkd x J nf&h ef Ncdr;f ajcmuf
rIrsm; jyKvkycf o hJ nf/

,if;twGufaMumifh jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwD? Xmeqdkif&m0efxrf;rsm;ESifh a&G;

aumufyGJ aumfr&Sifonf jynfolUvTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr-
61 (u) rJqG,f jcif;jypfrIudk usL;vGefcJhaMumif;awGU&Sd&onf/

6/ a&G;aumufyu
JG mv

(u) BudKwifrJ

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif rufv;kH ay;rJq, G jf cif;? rJ0,fjcif;? zdtm;ay;?

Ncdr;f ajcmufjcif;? Oya'rJh pnf;&H;k jcif;? rJq, G cf iG hf r&So d nfah e&mwGif rJq, G jf cif;?
rJrsm;udk tvGt J ajymif; vkyjf cif; wdUk udk jyKvkycf ahJ Mumif; atmufyg om"u
rsm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/ ,if;odUk vkyaf qmif&mwGif aiGaMu;?
vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk t"du xm;í vkyaf qmifomG ;cJo h nfukd awGU&S&d ygonf/

oJukef;NrdKYe,f? anmifukef;tkyfpkrJ&Hk-4 wGif apmifhMunfh avhvmolrsm;

pm&if;t&BudKwifr1J 6 rJjzpfaomfvnf; 15 rJjzpfaeonf/ jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDrS
jynfoUl vGwaf wmf (72) ae&m? trsKd ;om;vGwaf wmf (18) ae&mESihf wdik ;f a'o
BuD;vGwaf wmfwiG f (15) ae&m &&Sod nft h wGuf pkpak ygif; (105) ae&m&&Syd g
onf/ trsKd ;om;'Dru kd a&pDtiftm;pkrS jynfoUl vGwaf wmf(1) ae&m? trsKd ;om;
vGwaf wmf (1) ae&m &&So d nft
h wGuf pkpak ygif; (2) ae&m&&Syd gonf/ wdik ;f &if;
 31
om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G af &;ygwDrS jynfoUl vGwaf wmf (2) ae&m? trsdK;om;vGwf
awmf (1) ae&m ESihf wdik ;f a'oBuD;vGwaf wmfwiG f (5) ae&m &&So d nft
h wGuf
pkpak ygif; (8) ae&m&&Syd gonf/ BudKwifr&J v'fonf rlvta&wGuEf iS hf 115-
16=99 rJumG jcm;aeNyD? BudKwifrt J rsm;pkrmS jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDrjJ zpfaeonf/

({&m0wDwikd ;f wdik ;f ) BudKwifrJ uGmjcm;y,faysmufrJ (wdik Mf um;csufpm&if;

ESiw
hf uG)
 32
&yfuGuf u.r.& OuúXaumuf,lxm; onfhBudKwifrJpm&if;ESifh
rJ&wkH iG ;f &yfuu G f aumfr&Sif OuúX ausnmaom BudKwifrJ pm&if;(29)rJ
uGmjcm; avsmhenf;aeygonf/ &yfuu G f aumfr&Sif OuúX aumuf,x l m;
onfBh udKwifrpJ m&if; ykord Nf rdKU?jynfoal q;&HBk uD;rSvel mpm&if; (183) OD;?
ykord Nf rdKU? tusOf;OD;pD;Xme?tusOfaxmifrt S csKyfom;pm&if; (110) OD;?
trSw(f 4)&yfuu G ?f tonfBuD;&Jpcef;rStcsKyfom;pm&if; (10) OD;? ykord Nf rdKU?
&JwyfzGJY0efxrf;pm&if; (70) OD;? pkpkaygif; (373) OD; &Sdonf/ rJ&HkwGif
&yfuu G u f .r.& OuúXrS BudKwifrJ pm&if;aMujimcsuf OD;pd;k jrifh (NDF) 52-rJ?
OD;jrwfatmif (wpn) 69-rJ? OD;oef;xGe;f (BuH^h zG)YH 223-rJppk ak ygif; (344)
rJ&&Syd gonf/ ,if;twGuf tqdyk grJ&w kH iG f uGmjcm; aysmufq;kH aeaomrJ
(29) rJ&adS eygonf/

jynfNrdKUe,f? &GmbJe,fajr? rJ&t kH rSw-f 8 ydik rf ,

l myif&yf? O,smOfr;ª bk&m; teD;
aexdik o f l OD;pdef tygt0if (32)OD;u a&G;aumufyaJG eYwiG f rJ&kH trSw(f 8)ü
rl,myif&yfuu G f &mtdrrf ;ª OD;wifjrifxh H rJay;cGihf vufrw S f ulyeG af wmif;cH&m
OD;wifjrifrh S emrnfpm&if;aumufxm;wm aysmufomG ;aMumif;? BudKwifrpJ m&if;
wGix f nhx
f m;aMumif;ESihf rJay;csiyf gutjcm;olrsm;\rSwyf w kH if,v l mu rJay;
Edik af Mumif; ajymMum;cJoh nf/

xdUk tjyif rJ&-kH 2 odYk armifausmfpnfo0l if; (7^yre(Edik )f 1408872) onf

zcifEiS t
hf wl rJay;cGiv hf ufrw S jf zifh rJxnf&h efomG ;&m rJ&0kH efxrf;wOD;u BudKwif
rJxnfNh yD;jzpfí rJxnfch iG rhf jyKEdik [
f k ajymMum;ojzifh BudKwifru J kd rdrw
d Ukd ray;cJh
aMumif; &Si;f jy&m? ,if;0efxrf;rS jynfcikd Nf zdK;rS vkyw f mjzpfEikd af Mumif;? txufukd
owif;ydYk ay;rnf jzpfaMumif;ESihf aevnf 2 em&DjyefvmygajymaomaMumifh
rJrxnf&h yJjyefc&hJ onf/ olEiS jhf zpfpOfwl 30^40 OD;a&cef&Y adS Mumif;? ol\BudKwif
rJtrSwrf mS (22150)jzpfaMumif; armifausmfpnfo0l if;u ajymonf/
 33
ZD;uke;f NrdKUe,f? bk&m;BuD;uke;f tkypf ?k Mum;pkaus;&Gmae aoG;wd;k a&m*gonf
OD;tke;f armif(62 ESp)f onff BudKwifraJ y;cGirhf &írJ&ükH rJay;pOf jynfoUl vTwaf wmf
rJy;kH wcküom rJay;Edik Nf yD; aoG;wufumrJ&w kH iG f vJusaoqH;k cJo
h nf/

(&efuek w
f ikd ;f ) Xmeqdik &f mrsm;rS Ncdr;f ajcmuf rJxnhcf ikd ;f jcif; (tifwmAsL;)

ajrmuf'*Hk r.,.u &Sd NrdKUe,faumfr&Siu f naeav;em&DwiG f rJa&wGuo f nfh

tcg Edik if jH cm;rS ydv Yk monf BudKwifrJ rsm;udk OD;pGm a&wGu&f m rJ (20^30)
cefrY mS y,frjJ zpfonft h wGuaf r;jref;onft h cg rJ&;kH rª;vufrw S af e&mrSm oH&;kH
rª;u vufrw S xf ;kd xm;onfwu G yf ,f&wmvdYk jyefvnfajzMum;ygonf/ oH&;kH
u vufrw S xf ;kd vSsif Oya't&twnfjzpfonf/ ry,fwjhJ ynfwiG ;f u BudKwif
rJrsm;rSm rnfol vufrw S rf S xd;k xm; jcif;r&Sad omfvnf; twnfjyKvd&Yk wJh
cdik v
f wkH rhJ J tjzpf,cl hJ onfukd awGU&S&d onf/ oH&;kH wm0ef&o dS &l UJ vufrw S x
f ;kd wJh
rJu y,frjJ zpfNyD; bmvufrw S rf S rygwJh BudKwifru J cdik v f wkH rhJ jJ zpf&aMumif;
awGU&S&d onf/ 47&yfuu G u f 15%BudKwifraJ umufxm;w,f/ vlwpfaxmif
avmuf rJay;wJ&h rkH mS BudKwifru J w&mausmfw,f/ (47)&yfuu G f t.r.u
(2)rJ&rkH mS BudKwifraJ y;cJo h l a':csdKonf rGe;f vG(J 2) em&Dcw JG iG f wm0efr&Syd J rJ&kH
udk a&mufaew,f/

BudKwifruJ dk wtdrw f ufqif; aumufcjH cif;? wOD;wa,mufwnf;u BudKwifrJ

rsm; aumufcaH ejcif;? BudKwifrJ wm0ef&o dS rl sm;u wjcm;rJqE´&iS rf sm;ud, k pf m;
rJxnfah y;jcif;? BudKwifrw J iG f rdrq
d E´twdik ;f vGwv f yfpmG a&;jcpfEikd rf I r&Sjd cif;?
ynma&; 0efxrf;rsm;ESihf tvkyo f rm;rsm;rSmrdrd rJqE´e,fwiG f rJay;cGirhf &bJ?
BudKwifraJ y;ckid ;f jcif;wdUk aMumifh txufygtrIrsm;rSm BudKwifru J kd rawmfrw
&m; &,lcahJ Mumif;ay:aygufygonf/

jynfolUvTwfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' ( etzOya'trSwf -3^2010)

yk'fr - 43 - wGifjyXmef;onfhtwdkif; BudKwifrJvufrSwfjzifh rJay;
 34
olrsm;rSty qE´rJay;ykdifcGifh&Sdolrsm;onf udk,fwdkifvSsdKU0Suf rJqE´ay;
&rnf/ ukd,fpm;jyKrJray;& [líjyXmef;csufudk wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ukdk,fwkdif
csdK;azmufusL;vGefxm; aMumif;awGU&onf/ a&G;aumufyGJrSm ravSsmf
MoZmokH;rI usL;vGefvSsif jypfrIqkdif &mOya' yk'fr - 171(p)t&
jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif; cH&ayrnf/

(c) rJq,
G pf nf;&k;H jcif;^rJ0,fjcif;

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif rufv;kH ay;rJq, G jf cif;? rJ0,fjcif;wdUk udk jyKvkyf

cJah Mumif; atmufygom"ursm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/ ,if;odUk
vkyaf qmif&mwGif aiGaMu;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk t"du xm;í vkyaf qmifomG ;cJh
onfukd awGU&S&d ygonf/

jynfNrdKUe,f? &GmbJe,fajr? rl,myif&yfuu G ?f rJ&kH trSwf (8)ü jynfcikd Nf zdK;

tzG0YJ ifjzLBuD;?om;BuD; (c) oufEikd Of ;D ?rif;ndKwdrYk S rJqE´&iS rf sm;udk um;ESihf
rJxnh&f ef BudK ydUk vkyaf y;cJyh gonf/ eHuf 10;00 em&Dcefw Y iG f jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD
pnf;&H;k rª; ausmfviG ef (YJ 6)OD; rJ&t kH ayguf0rSaeí qE´rv J may;olrsm;udk jcaoFh
tm;trSefjcpf&ef ajymqdkcJhygonf/ rJvufrSwfjzwfay;aom rJ&Hk0efxrf;
OD;pd;k atmif?OD;atmifrsdK;nGew Yf u
Ykd rJvmxnfo h rl sm;udk jcaoFh ab;trSejf cpf&ef
ajymqdck yhJ gonf/ rJ&t kH wGi;f tjyifjynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD0ifrsm; ae&m tjynf, h x l m;
onfuakd wG&Y onf/

jynfNrdKUe,f?&GmbJe,fajr? rJ&t kH rSw-f 1 ü jynfcikd Nf zdK;pnf;&H;k a&;rª; a':rd;k av;u

rdryd gwDEikd vf sS if cifyeG ;f OD;atmifMunfoed ;f udk &yfuu G v
f Bl uD;cefNY yD;? ulno D rl sm;
udk ae&may;rnf[k ajymqdNk yD; jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk trSejf cpfcikd ;f cJo h nf/ a':rd;k av;
\cifyeG ;f OD;atmifMunfoed ;f ESihf jynfcikd f NzdK; 20cefY rJ&;kH twGi;f jyif ae&m,lNyD;
qE´rv J mxnfo h rl sm;udk vufqí JG rJ&t
kH wGi;f odaYk c:aqmifumjcaoFu h kd trSef
jcpfcikd ;f jcif; rsm;jyKvkyo f nf/
 35
tvm;wl jynfNrdKUe,f? wDw'G f rJqE´e,fajrrJ&-kH 2 ü jynfcikd Nf zdK;tzGrYJ sm;u
rJ&kH twGi;f tjyifae&m,lxm;um tzG0YJ ifrrd;k rd;k pHEiS w hf OD;u rJ&t kH wGi;f 0if
a&mufíoufBuD;rJqE´&iS rf sm;ESiu hf yfNyD;qE´jyKcef;xdvu kd yf gjcif;? qE´rv J m
jyKorl sm;udk jcaoFt
h m;trSejf cpf&ef ajymqdjk cif;? rJvufrw S t f ay:&Sd oauFwudk
vufaxmufjyjcif;? &if;ES;D olrsm;udk ud, k w f ikd jf caoFw
h iG f trSejf cpfay;jcif;rsm;
jyKvyk af y;aeí useyf gwDu, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;u uefu Y uG af jymMum;rIukd *&krpdu k f
yJ a&G;aumufyrJG wdik cf ifu CDMAwvH;k &rnf? a&G;aumufyNJG yD;vSsif qdik u f ,f
wpD;&rnf[k ajymifrq J ,
G rf rI sm; jyKkvyk cf hJ ygonf/ rJvmray;ol trnfpm&if;
aumuf,Nl yD; jcaoFu h kd trSejf cpfcikd ;f jcif;udk rJ&0kH efxrf;rsm;uvnf; uefu Y u G f
wm;qD;jcif;rjyKonfuakd wG&Y ygonf/

ZD;uke;f NrdKeY ,f? bk&m;NrdKUaus;&Gm? rJ&rkH ;ª OD;rsdK; (ußGu

J iG ;f aus;&Gm? t.r.u
ausmif;tky?f jynfcikd Nf zdK;tzG0YJ if)u rJqE´&iS rf sm; qE´raJ y;pOf jcaoFahH b;wGif
trSejf cpf&ef vufaxmufajymaeí 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD(jrefrm) u rJ&kH ud, k pf m;
vS,f OD;oef;aX;u-aumfr&Sif OuúX OD;aX;0if;udk wdik Mf um;&m rJ&rkH ;ª OD;rsKd ;u
racsriHqufqaH omaMumifh &kw&f w k o f o J J jzpf&aomtajcaeudk aumfr&Sif
OuúXrS rSww f rf;wifaomfvnf; ta&;,ljcif; r&So d nfuakd wG&Y onf/

ewåvif;NrdKUe,f? &Gmr&yfuu G ?f rJ&t kH rSw(f 1)rS rJ&0kH efxrf;trsm;pkrmS jynfcikd Nf zdK;

ygwD0iftrsm;pkjzpfonf/ rJ&HktzGJY0ifrEG,feDausmfonf &.,.u pma&;?
trsdK;o®;D a&;&mtzG0YJ ifjzpfNyD;? jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD\ wdik ;f a'o BuD;vTwaf wmf
ud,
k pf m;vS,af vmif;OD;wifv h iG \ hf r&D; jzpfonf/ olronf rJ&t kH 0ift0rSaeí
qE´rv J mjyKolrsm;udk jcaoFu hH kd trSejf cpf&ef rJxnf&h ef rJq, G pf nf;&H;k ygonf/

yJc;l wdik ;f ? BudKyY ifaumufNrdKUe,f? Zif`yGe;f uke;f tkypf ?k rJ&kH trSw(f 1)wGif jynfcikd Nf zdK;
ygwDrS OD;at;rsKd ;? OD;Edik v
f if;ausmf ESi(hf 3)OD;onf qE´jyKcef; ae&mrsm;wGi&f yfí
jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDtm; rJxnf&h ef wdu k w f eG ;f aeonfukd awG&Y onf/
 36
ucsifjynfe,f? zm;uefY rJqE´e,fajr&Sd rJ&rkH sm;wGif rJ&EkH iS hf *du k (f 30) tuGm
twGi;f jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDtm; rJxnf&h ef pnf;&H;k a&;ydpk wmrsm; pdu k x
f íl pnf;&H;k
a[majymonht f jyif pmrwwforl sm;ud, k pf m; jynfcikd Nf zdK; ygwDtwGuf rJxnfh
ay;cJo
h nf/

awmifBuD;NrdK?Y taemufNrdKyY wfvrf;? rlvwef;ausmif;&Sd rJ&EkH iS u

hf u
kd (f 30) tuGm?
vrf;wzufwcsuüf jynfcikd Nf zdK; ygwD,el aD zmiftjynf0h wfqifxm;onfh um;
ESppf ;D jzifh rJay;&efrq
J ,
G o
f cD sif;rsm;zGiahf ecJo
h nf/

rJ&kHtwGif;0ifum jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwDtwGuf rJay;&ef tmPmydkifrsm;udk,f

wkdif vufaxmufjyjcif;onf jynfolUvTwfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya'
yk'fr- 61 (u) rJqG,fjcif; jypfrIudkusL;vGefcJhaMumif;awGU&onf/
xdUk tjyif w&m;rJh jyKusifrh rI sm; yk'rf - 66 (u)(2) a&G;aumufyq JG idk f
&m tcGit hf a&;udk taESmifh t,Suf jyKvkyjf cif;jzpfyg onf/ uk, d w f idk f
trS e f a &;jcpf u m rJ r ormrI jyKvk y f u sL;vG e f c J h j cif ; onf v nf ; a&G ;
aumufyq JG ikd &f mjypfrOI ya' yk'rf - 171 (*) t& ravsmfMoZmok;H jcif;
jypfrIukd usL;vGefjcif; jzpfygonf/
a&G;aumufyGJwGif ravSsmfMoZmokH;rI usL;vGefvSsif jypfrIqkdif&m Oya'
yk'fr - 171(p) t& jypf'PfcsrSwfjcif; cH&ayrnf/

(*) ud,
k pf m;jyKqE´rrJ sm;xnfah pjcif;

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif Oya'rJh ud, k pf m;jyK rJay;jcif;udk trsm;tjym;

jyKvkycf ahJ Mumif; atmufyg om"ursm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/
,if;odUk vkyaf qmif&mwGif aiGaMu;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk t"duxm;í vkyaf qmif
oGm;cJo
h nfukd awGU&S&d ygonf/
 37
jynfNrdKUe,f? &GmbJe,fajr? rl,myif&yfuu G f rJ&(kH 8)ü rl,myif&yfuu G ?f OD;apm
eef;NcH0if;wGif aexdik of rl MunfMunfrmonf rSwyf w kH ifryg&Syd J qE´raJ y; ulyeG f
vufrw S jf zifh trSw(f 8)rJ&ükH rJay;pOf tdref ;D csif;aeol azG;azG;(c)rESi;f pkazG;
ud,
k pf m;rJay;cJah Mumif; rMunfMunfrm ud, k wf ikd f uajymjyygonf/

oJuek ;f NrdKUe,f? tif;rwdu k ef ,f? wHceG w f ikd t

f yk pf ?k rtluefr&J w kH iG f rJqE´&iS f
OD;atmifu rdcifjzpfoal ':Munfjrifu h , kd f pm;rJay;jcif;? zcif OD;ndKu om;jzpf
ol armifr;kd ud,k pf m;rJay;jcif;rsm;&Scd o hJ nfukd wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G af &;
ygwDwikd ;f a'oBuD; ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; OD;cifarmif0if;u aumfr&Sif OuúXESihf
rJ&rkH ;ª tm; today;ajym&m wOD;ESiw hf OD; vTcJ srIom&Scd NhJ yD;? ysm;pnfyifr&J w kH iG f
vnf; reufyikd ;f u ud, k wf ikd f qE´raJ y;cJNh yD; olraejcnfoiG u f naeydik ;f wGif
qE´ru J 'f xkw, f íl rJay;onfukd wdik ;f &if;om;pnf;vH;k nDnw G af &;ygwDrS
wdik ;f a'oBuD; ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif; OD;cifarmif0if;u aumfr&SiOf uúX ESirhf &J rkH ;ª
tm; today;ajym&m zcifO;D at;wd;k ESirhf cd ifjzpfow l uG f ud,k pf m;rJ vmay;wm
jzpfaMumif; jyef&iS ;f jyjcif;omjyKcJo h nf/ tif;r t.x.u(2)rJ&w kH iG v
f nf; rJ&kH
tzGUJ 0if OD;vSMunf(jynfcikd Nf zdK; ygwD0if)u om;jzpfou l ,kd pf m; jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD
udk rJay;cJ&h m om;jzpfol rJay;&ma&mufvmonft h cg taz jynfcikd Nf zdK; jzpfwikd ;f
om;u jynfcikd Nf zdK;udak y;&rSmvm; ponfjzifh pum;tcsif;rsm;Muonf/

aygif;wnfNrdK?Y wGyJ ifuek ;f &yfuu G ?f rJ&-kH 1 ü OD;oHacsmif;u om;jzpfol

ausmaf usmu f ,kd pf m; rJay;cGiahf wmif;&m r&ojzifh tjyef &.,.u pma&;jzpfol
rprf;avu nDjzpfol ud&k u J vkd w
T v f u
kd &f efajymojzifh ud&k rJ v
S ma&mufNyD tpfukd
jzpfol udak usmfausmfu, kd pf m;ESihf ,if;ud, k wf ikd f twGuyf g rJay;oGm;onf/
udkpdk;ydkifqdkoluvnf; udk,fwdkifESifh a':cifat;?a':jrifhtkef;wdkYudk,fpm;
rJxnfo h nf/
38
 39
BudKUyifaumufNrdKUe,f? Zif`yGe;f uke;f tkypf ?k rJ&(kH 1)wGif ud,
k pf m;jyK rJxnhjf cif;
twGuf a':csdKcsdKausmfNidr;f \ wdik pf m

BudKUyifaumufNrdKUe,f? Zif`yGe;f uke;f tkypf ?k rJ&(kH 1)wGif rJ&OkH uúXOD;jzL \ om;

jzpfol jynfcikd Nf zdK; pnf;&H;k a&;rª; OD;armifarmifviG of nf rJ&x kH J 0ifa&mufNyD;?
rdom;pktm;vH;k wGuf ud, k pf m;rJay;oGm;jcif;udk rJ&rkH ;ª tm; ar;jref;aomtcg
rJxnhcf iG hf &So
d nf[k jyefvnfajzMum;cJo h nf/

jynfolYvTwfawmf a&G;aumufyGJOya' (etz Oya'trSwf -3^2010)

yk'fr - 43 - wGif jyXmef;onfhtwdkif; BudKwifrJvufrSwfjzifh rJay;
olrsm;rSty qE´rJay;ydkifcGifh&Sdolrsm;onf udk,fwkdifvSsdKU0SufrJqE´
ay;&rnf/ udk,fpm;jyK rJray;&[lí jyXmef;csufudk wm0ef&Sdolrsm;
udk,fwkdif csdK;azmufusL;vGefxm; aMumif;awGY&onf/

(C) zdtm;ay;Ncdr;f ajcmufrrI sm;

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif aiGaMu;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk t"duxm;í a&G;
aumufyaJG tmifEikd af &;twGuf jyKvkycf ahJ Mumif; atmufygom"ursm;udk Munfh
jcif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/

aygif;wnfNrdKU refusD;uke;f tkypf ?k ysOf;yif&yfuu

G ?f rJ&-kH 1 ü jynfcifkd Nf zdK; acgif;
aqmif &.,.uOuúXa[mif;u "mwfykH &du k [
f efaqmifum rJvm xnfo h rl sm;
tm; jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk rJrxnfu
h bmjzpfEikd o
f nf[k ajymqdk Ncdr;f ajcmufí jcaoFu h kd
trSejf cpfcikd ;f cJo
h nf/

yJc;l wdik ;f ? rd;k ndKNrdKeY ,f &Sm;awmaus;&Gmtkypf ?k [oFmacsmif;ae jynfcikd Nf zdK;

pnf;&H;k a&;rª; a*:BuD;u rJ&t kH eD; xrif;&Hx
k ;kd NyD;? qE´rv
J mxnfo
h rl sm;tm;
 40
xrif;außG;í jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk trSejf cpf&efrq
J ,
G cf o
hJ nf/ jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk rJ r
xnfu
h 'kua© &mufr,f[k Ncdr;f ajcmufajymqdck o hJ nf/

oJuek ;f NrdKUe,f tif;r rJqE´e,fajr?rJ&-kH 2 wGif jynfcikd Nf zdK; tzG0YJ if udpk ;kd armif
ESiu hf akd t;aomif;wdu Yk rJ&;kH teD;aeNyD; jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk rJay;&ef wdu k w
f eG ;f ajym
qdrk w I ifruyJ rJ&t kH wGi;f wGif rcif0if;ESi&hf mG om;tcsdKUudk jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk trSef
jcpf&eftwif;wku d w f eG ;f jcif;udk vnf;aumif;? tkww f iG ;f uke;f &Gm? anmifuek ;f
tkypf ?k pHjy&Gm-rJ&kH trSw(f 3)wGif y-rJ&rkH ;ª a':cifrmvm0if;? 'k-&Hrk ;ª OD;wifp;kd ?t
zG0YJ if OD;jrifph ;kd wdo
Yk nf rJvmay;ola':aomif;MunfEiS t hf zGt
YJ m; jcaoFuh kd trSef
jcpf&ef vufnKdS ;axmufjyajymqdjk cif;? rJ&rkH ;ª rsm;ud, k w f ikd f rJqE´&iS rf sm;udk
jynfcikd Nf zdK;udrk aJ y;&ef qE´jyKcef;xd vdu k yf gajymqdk pnf;&H;k cJo h nf/

rJ&HkwGif vSsdKU0SufrJay;pepftwGuf pdwfcsvHkNcHKrIr&Sdjcif;/ vSsdKU0SufpGm

qE´rjyK&jcif;wdkYrSm w&m;rJhjyKusifhrIrsm; yk'fr 66 (u) (2) t&
a&G;aumufyGJqdkif&m tcGifhta&;udk taESmifht,SufjyKvkyfjcif; jypfrIudk
usL;vG e f j cif ; jzpf y gonf /

(i) rJ&rkH LS ;rsm;

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif rsm;aomtm;jzifh rJ&rkH LS ;rsm;onf jynfcikd Nf zdK;
ygwDrS jzpfjcif;? trsdK;orD;a&;&mtzGUJ rsm;rS jzpfjcif;? ,if;wdUk ud, k w
f ikd yf if
jynfcikd Nf zdK;tzGUJ 0ifrsm; jzpfjcif;aMumifh bufvu
kd rf I rsKd ;pHk &Scd ahJ Mumif;udk atmufyg
om"u rsm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/ ,if;odUk vkyaf qmif&mwGif
aiGaMu;? vkyyf ikd cf iG rhf sm;udk t"du xm;í vkyaf qmifomG ;cJo h nfukd awGU&S&d yg
onf/

({&m0wDwikd ;f ) rJ&rkH LS ;rsm;\ bufvu

kd rf rI sm; (uGi;f qif;aqmif&u
G cf surf sm;rS)
 41
bkud av;NrdKU rJqE´e,fajr (1)? trSwf (3) &yfuu G ?f rJ&t
kH rSwf (2) wGiwf m
0ef,o l nfh a':vJv h rhJ ;kd (rJ&rkH LS ;)? a':pkpv
k idI f ('k rJ&rkH LS ;)? OD;ausm0f if; (aumfr&Si)f ?
rjzLjzLoif; (rJpm&if;xkwf ay;ol) tm;vH;k onf BuHUcdik af &;ygwD0ifrsm;
jzpfMuygw,f/ rJqE´&iS rf sm; pdwt f aESmift h ,Suf jzpfaponfh yHpk H rsdK;rsm;
rJ&kH wm0ef&o dS rl sm;rS rJ&t kH wGi;f vSnv hf nf oGm;vmaevSsuf&ydS gonf/

bdu k av;NrdKU rJqE´e,f (1)? trSwf (8) &yfuu G ?f rJ&tkH rSwf (3) wGiw f m0ef
,lco hJ nfh a':wifwif0if; (rJ&rkH LS ;)? rJvufrw
S f xkwaf y;ol a':cifpef;,Of?
a':at;at;OD;? a':csdKEG,af t;? a':oif;cs,f&ED ikd /f aumfr&Sirf S OD;vSjrifEh iS hf
OD;jrifah X;wdrYk S a&G;aumufyJG onf w&m;rSswrIr&S[ d k pd;k &draf Mumuf&UHG pGmjzifh
xGuq f akd y;cJMh uonf/

oJuek ;f NrdKUe,f tif;r rJqE´e,fajr? rJ&-kH 2 wGif jynfcikd Nf zdK; tzG0YJ if udpk ;kd armif
ESihf udak t;aomif;wdu Yk rJ&kH teD; aeNyD; jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk rJay;&ef wdu k w f eG ;f ajym
qdrw I ifruyJ rJ&t kH wGi;f wGif rcif0if;ESi&hf mG om;tcsKd Uudk jynfcikd Nf zdK;udk trSejf cpf
&ef wku d w
f eG ;f jcif;udv k nf;aumif;? tkww f iG ;f uke;f &Gm?anmifuek ;f tkypf ?k pHjy&Gm
-rJ&t kH rSw(f 3)wGif y-rJ&rkH ;ª a':cifrmvm0if;? 'k-&Hrk ;ª OD;wifp;kd ?tzG0YJ if OD;jrifph ;kd
wdoYk nf rJvmay;ola':aomif;MunfEiS t hf zGtYJ m;jcaoFu h kd trSejf cpf&ef vufnKdS ;
axmufjyajymqdjk cif;? rJ&rkH ;ª rsm;ud, k wf ikd rf q J E´&iS rf sm; udjk ynfcikd Nf zdK;udrk aJ y;
&efqE´jyKcef;xdvu kd yf gajymqdpk nf;&H;k ygonf/

jynfNrdKeY ,f? wDw'G ef ,fajr? rJ&t kH rSw(f 2)? rJ&0kH efxrf;rsm;jzpfonfh ryy0if;?
raroOömpd;k ? rvJvh chJ ikd (f rJpm&if;ppforl sm;)? roufviG Of ;D ? r0g0gOD;? rjzLjzL
atmif (rJvufrw S x f wk af y;olrsm;)wdYk tm;vH;k rSm jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD0if rsm;jzpf
Muonf/

a&G;aumufyq JG ikd &f m jypfrOI ya'yk'rf - 171 (*) t& ravsmfMoZmoH;k

jcif; jypfrIudk usL;vGefojzifh ta&;,l&rnf jzpfygonf/
 42
(p) rJay;rI

a&G;aumufyu JG mvtwGi;f wGif rJay;rIEiS yhf wfoufí zdtm;ay;cH&jcif;? BudKwif

rJtjzpf aumufco H mG ;jcif;? rJay;&mwGif rvHrk NcHKjzpfapjcif;? rnfoUl udk ay;&
rnf[k Ncdr;f ajcmufjcif; ponfjzifh rJay;rIukd wpHw k &m taESmift h ,Suf jzpfap
cJah Mumif; atmufygtaxmufttxm;rsm;udk Munhjf cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf g
onf/

(yJc;l wdik ;f ) rJay;&mwGif vHNk cHKrIr&Sjd cif;ESiphf w

d u
f oduatmuf jzpf&jcif; (uGi;f
qif;aqmif&u G cf sufrsm;rS)

- bdu k av;NrdKU rJqE´e,fajr (1)? trSwf (8) &yfuu G ?f rJ&t

kH rSwf (3) wGif
vSsKd U0Suf ar;yJpepfrmS vHNk cHKpdwcf s&rIr&Syd g/ qE´raJ y;oltm;vSr;f Munhv f sS if
jrifEikd Nf yD; jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwD0ifrsm;onf qE´raJ y;onfah e&mwGiq f E´raJ y;ol
tm;vIaHY qmfraI wGU&Scd yhJ gonf/

- bku
d av;NrdKU rJqE´e,fajr (1)? trSwf (3) &yfuu G ?f rJ&t
kH rSwf (2) wGif
qE´jyKcef;onf trsm;jrifomxifom&Sad ejcif;? vSsKd U0Supf mG qE´jyKr&jcif; tajc
tae awG&ydS gonf/f

- bduk av; rJqE´e,fajr (1)? trSwf (9) &yfuu G ?f rJ&kH (1) wGif rJ&EkH iS hf
udu
k f (500) twGi;f vufeufuikd f tzGt YJ pnf; csxm;jcif;ESihf Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;
pnf;&H;k vIy&f mS ;rI &Scd yhJ gonf/

- bku
d av;NrdKU rJqE´e,fajr (1)? trSwf (4) &yfuu G ?f rJ&t
kH rSwf (1) wGif
qE´jyKcef;rsm;wGif wpfO;D ESiw
hf pfO;D vSr;f Munfv h sS if jrif&um pum;ajymqdk
aqG;aEG;rIrsm; &Scd o
hJ nft
h wGuf vSsKd U0Suvf NkH cHKrI r&Syd g/
 43
jynfNrdKeY ,f? &GmbJe,fajr? rJ&t kH rSw(f 2)? ud;k aomif;? t.r.u wGif jynf
axmifpjk refrmEdik if t H rsdK;om;tzGYJ Edik if aH &;ygwDrS udak tmifEiS ;f rd;k ESiZhf eD;?
udrk if;xifausmw f \Ykd rJay;cGiu
hf kd y,fzsux f m;cH&NyD; udak tmifEiS ;f rd;k ESihf ygwD0if
udrk if;xifausmfwYkd oufqikd &f mrJ&o kH o Ykd mG ;í &.,.u OD;zd;k cifEiS rhf &J rkH ;ª tm;
ajym&m ,if;wdu Yk rJay;ír&[k ajymojzifh rJxnfch iG rhf &cJah y/

jynfNrdKeY ,f? wDw'G ef ,fajr? rJ&t

kH rSwf (2) ü wdik ;f a'oBuD; vTwaf wmfryJ ;kH wGif
udak t;rif;pd;k qdo
k w
l OD;wnf;u rJuyl eG o f ;kH ckjzifh oH;k Budrv
f mxnfo
h mG ;aMumif;/

rJ&kHwGif vSsdKU0SufrJay;pepftwGuf pdwfcsvkHNcHKrIr&Sdjcif;/ vSsdKU0SufpGmqE´

rjyK&jcif;wdUk rSm w&m;rJjh yKusifrh rI sm;yk'rf 66 (u) (2)t& a&G;aumuf
yGq
J idk &f mtcGithf a&;ukd taESmift h ,Sujf yKvkyjf cif; jypfru
I kd usL;vGejf cif;
jzpf y gonf /

(q) rJa&wGurf I

rJxnhNf yD;? rJ&ykH w

d íf rJa&wGupf OfwiG f ygwDu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;udk Munh&f I
rSww
f rf;wifciG rhf jyKjcif;? tjcm;olrsm; rMunh&f EI ikd af tmif ydwyf ifjcif;? armif;
xkwjf cif;? rJ&u
kH ykd w
d í
f a&wGujf cif;wdUk aMumifh rJa&wGu&f mwGif &Si;f vif;jrif
omrI r&So d nfukd atmufygom"ursm;udk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh od&EdS ikd yf gonf/

({&m0wDwikd ;f ) rJa&wGurf I

ykord w
f uúov kd ?f &,u (3)? rJ&kH (1) wGif Edik if jH cm;oHwref? jynfwiG ;f owif;
axmuf rsm;ESihf OD;pd;k jrifh (jynfoYl vTwaf wmf ud, k pf m;vS,af vmif;) wdYk
rJa&wGurf u
I kd oGm;a&mufavhvmapmifh Munfch yhJ gonf/ awG&Y cdS suaf wG uawmh
- rJa&wGuf&mwGif trsdK;om;'Drdkua&pDtiftm;pk trSefjcpfxm;aom
rJpm&Guuf kd a&wGuo f xl aH y;NyD;rS jynfaxmifpk BuHUcdik af &;ESihf zGUH NzdK;a&;ygwD
 44
bufoaYkd jymif;í urf;ay;jcif;/ tvm;wlyif BuHUckid af &;ygwDEiS hf wkid ;f &if;om;
pnf;vH;k nDñw G af &;ygwDrsm;rS trSepf m&Gurf sm;udak y;&mwGif trsdK;om;'Drkd
 45
ua&pDtiftm;pku, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;jcif;zufoYkd jyefurf;ay;jcif;/ ponfjzifh
rJ a&wGu&f mwGif raocsmrIrsm;&Scd yhJ gonf/
- y,frrJ sm;udk vTwaf wmfu, kd pf m;vS,Ef iS hf tjcm;aomjynforl sm; udk wpfBudrf
omaxmifjyNyD; aemufyikd ;f axmifjyjcif;r&Syd J y,frJ [k ajymqdo k mG ;jcif;/
- jynfov Yl w
T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,af vmif;rsm;&&Sad omrJpm&if;udk rJ&rkH LS ;rS rwf
wyf&yfNyD; aMujimrnftvkyw f iG f tjcm;wOD;ab;rS bmajymvdu k of nfrod
rJ&rkH LS ;rS txufrS ñTeMf um;onft h wGuf rJpm&if;ta& twGuu f kd rxkwjf yef
awmhaMumif; aMujim oGm;ygonf/
- BudKwifrpJ m&if;a&wGuaf y;&ef rJ&rkH LS ;tm;ajym&m rJ&;kH rSL;rS (63) OD;&Sd aMumif;
ajymNyD; zGiahf zmufuma&wGujf cif;rjyKbJ jcif;rsm;xJoYkd xnfh NyD;xkwyf ;kd oGm;yg
onf/

(yJc;l wdik ;f ) Xmeqdik &f mrsm;rS Ncdr;f ajcmuf rJxnhcf ikd ;f jcif; (uGi;f qif;aqmif
&Gucf sufrsm;rS)

bdu
k av; rJqE´e,fajr (1)? trSwf (9) &yfuu G ?f rJ&kH (1) wGif trsm;jynfol
a&SUarSmufwiG f rJa&wGujf cif;r&Scd yhJ g/

bdu
k av;rJqE´e,fajr (1)? trSwf (8) &yfuu G ?f rJ&kH (3) wGif rJa&wGu&f mwGif
BuHUcdik af &;ud,
k pf m;vS,rf S 4if;wdEYk iS hf yifvakH vmufaMumif;ESihf a&G;aumufyEJG iS hf
ygwfoufí rodem;rvnfoEl iS hf 4if;wdUk \ aqGrsKd ;rsm;udo k m todoufao
(10) OD; tjzpfowfrw S Nf yD; rJa&wGucf yhJ gonf/

jynfNrdKeY ,f? &GmbJe,fajr? rJ&t kH rSw(f 1)? t.x.u (4) ü rJvufrw S f 400wGif
trSwpf Ofuw k (f code)eHygwfrsm; a&;xm;onfukd jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEdik if H
trsdK;om;Edik if aH &;tzGYJ rJ&u kH , kd pf m;vS,u f rJ&rkH ;ª OD;rif;oef;udk ar;&m rJ
vufrw S x
f wk af y;olrsm;rodvUkd vkyv f u
kd wf myg/ wm0ef r,lEikd [ f jk yefvnf
ajzMum;cJyh gonf/ rJ&t kH zG0YJ iff trsm;pkonf oifwef; wufa&mufxm;olrsm;
 46
r[kwyf J &yfuu
G t
f wGi;f &Sd jynfcikd Nf zdK; ygwD0if rsm;ESiu
hf syf5000d^-ay;ac:
xm;olrsm; jzpfonf/

jynfNrdKeY ,f? wDw'G ef ,fajr? rJ&t kH rSwf (2) ü rJa&wGu&f mwGif todoufao
tjzpf&o dS rl sm;rSm jynfcikd Nf zdK;tzG0YJ ifrsm;jzpfonfh OD;rsdK;OD;? OD;jrifah qG (pnf;&H;k
a&;rª;)? rrd;k rd;k pH (rJ&w
kH iG ;f pnf;&H;k aeol)? OD;atmif~uG,?f OD;atmifp;kd ? OD;wifv h iG f
wdUk jzpfaMumif;apmifMh unfah vhvmoluzkd ;kd oufuajymygonf/

yef;awmif;NrdKUe,f?aps;wef;rJ&HktrSwf(2)ü trsdK;om;vTwfawmfrJyHk;wGif
rJ(2)rJvdk&m? NrdKUe,faumfr&Sifa&mufonfhtcg jynfcdkifNzdK; axmufcHrJ
ESprf v
J yk í
f jznfv h u
kd o
f nft
h jyif y,frrJ sm;udv
k nf; jynfcikd Nf zdK;rJ tjzpf NrdKUe,f
aumfr&Siw f iG f ajymif;vJcMhJ uonf/

yJc;l wdik ;f ? rd;k ndKNrdKUe,f? [oFmacsmiftyk pf k rJ&rkH sm;ESihf td;k bdu k ßeG ;f tkypf k rJ&rkH sm;wGif
rJa&wGupf Of rnfou l rkd MS unfch iG rhf jyKyJ rJ&u kH ,
kd pf m;vS,rf sm; udk 15 aytuGmü
&yfaecdik ;f um rJ&rkH ;ª ESit hf zGu
YJ ud, k Ef iS u
hf m&Hum a&wGuMf uonft h wGuf
Munfch iG rhf &íMunfch iG hf awmif;onft h cg wdik cf sif&mwdik [ f k jyefajymygonf/

yJc;l wdik ;f ? oJuek ;f NrdKUe,f? ykw;D uke;f NrdKU vif;vJ&mG rJqE´e,fajr(5) rJ&kH trSwf
(4)wGif rJay;rIrprD rJy;kH xJwiG f rnfo h nfrh rJ sS r&Sad Mumif; aocsm atmifjyorI
r&So d vdk rJa&wGuo f nft
h cg uefUuGurf I apm'uwufrrI sm;&Sad omfvnf;
wm0ef&o dS rl sm;uajyvnf atmifnadS y;rnf qdu k m rSww f rf;wifxm;rIr&Scd ahJ y/
rJa&wGuaf epOf oufaorsm;rSm rJ&0kH ef xrf; rsm;ESiBhf uHch ikd af &;rsm;omjzpfae
ygonf/

yJc;l wdik ;f ? ewåvif;NrdKeY ,f xdeaf o;aus;&Gmtkypf k rJ&ykH w

d f rJa&wGucf sdef wGif
rJ&t kH zG0YJ if ausmif;q&mOD;0if;aZmfrS y,frrJ sm;udk tjcm;tzG0YJ ifrsm;udk rjyyJ
 47
rdrv
d uf0,fomxm;NyD; z,fvsu&f &dS m'Dru
kd &ufwpfrjJ ym;udk y,frv
J yk &f mwGif
ausmif;q&mrwOD;ujrifawGwY m;qD;vdu k Ef ikd o
f nf/

yJc;l wdik ;f ZD;uke;f NrdK rJ&w

kH &Hw k iG f qE´jyKxm;onft h rSerf mS yapmufo@mef
jzpfaeaomfvnf; ry,fyJ jynfcdkifNzdK;rJtjzpf,lcJhonf/ tjcm;rJwckrSm
trSet f rSwo f m;ajymif;jyefjzpfaeonfukd 'Dru kd &ufwpfygwD rSy,frjJ yKzdYk
ajymaeaomvnf;b,foefryYkd g[k ajymí jynfcikd Nf zdK;rJtjzpf xnfv h ukd of nf/
vSyjcif;aus;&Gmtkypf k rJ&w kH iG yf ,frJ 220 udk axmufcrH v J yk í
f w.p.n ygwDoYkd
xnfah y;vdu k o f nf/ aumfr&SiOf uúX OD;cifviId Ef iS hf OD;atmifNrdKix f eG ;f (jynfcikd Nf zdK;
ygwD0if)wdu Yk rJrxnho f rl sm; udk Ncdr;f ajcmufac:,lNyD; jynfcikd Nf zdK;ygwDukd
a':atmifqef;pkMunfygwD[k vdrv f nfajymqdxk nfch ikd ;f ojzifh rJqE´&iS rf sm;u
trSefwu,fxifrSwfí jynfcdkifNzdK;ygwDodkY rJxnfhcJh&onf[k qE´&Sif
wa,mufu ajymygonf/

&efuek w f ikd ;f ? vdiI Nf rdKUe,f(2)&yfuu G f rJ&kH trSw(f 4) ESi(hf 3) &yfuu G f rJ&kH

trSw(f 2)wdw Yk iG f rJpm&if;a&wGuo f nft h cg rJuu G w f iG f ESpcf gjcpfxm;jcif;?
tuGuw f iG f jcpf&mausmfomG ;jcif;? wGev Yf rd f aumufauG;onfrsm;udk y,frJ
rjyKvkyyf J axmufcrH t J jzpf jynfcikd Nf zdK; ESihf NDF odx Yk nfch ahJ Mumif;? rsufjrif
awG&Y cdS yhJ gonf/

rJ a &wG u f j cif ; ES i f h y wf o uf í rJ r sm;ajymif ; vJ x nf h a y;jcif ; / rJ

pm&if;ta&twGufudk rxkwfjyefjcif;/ tjcm;ygwDrsm;rS rJ&kHukd,fpm;
vS , f r sm;ud k tjyif x G u f c k d i f ; NyD ; rS rJ a &wG u f j cif ; wd k U jyKvk y f j cif ; rS m
jynfolvGwfawmf a&G;aumufyGJ Oya'yk'fr - 48 (c) t& jynfolwdkY
\ a&SUarSmufü qE´rJvufrSwfrsm;udk a&wGuf&rnf[k jyXmef;csufudk
rJ&kHrI;rsm;ukd,fwkdif vdkufemaqmif&Gufjcif;r&SdyJ csdK;azmufusL;vGefcJhjcif;
jzpfaMumif; awGU&Sd&onf/
 48
7/ a&G;aumufyt
JG vGeu
f mv

(u) a&G;aumufy&JG vm'ftm; wkid Mf um;rIrsm;? uefu

Y u
G v
f mT wifoiG ;f jcif;

a&G;aumufyt JG NyD;wGif t"du uefUuGuv f mT wifoiG ;f Muonfh taMumif;t&m

rsm;rSm rJa&wGurf I jzpfpOf? BudKwifrrJ sm; ESihf rJ&rkH LS ;rsm;\ bufvu
kd rf rI sm;udk
jzpfaMumif;udk avhvmawGU&Scd &hJ ygonf/
 49
({&m0wDwikd ;f ) ygwDu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;rS uefUuGuv
f mT wifoiG ;f jcif; (wdik Mf um;
csufrsm;udk Munf&h &I ef)

ykord Nf rdKUe,f trsdK;om;'Dru kd a&'Dtiftm;pk jynfov l w T af wmfu, kd pf m;vS,f

avmif;OD;pd;k jrifu h a&G;aumufyJG rw&m;rIrsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD;/
u/ 15.11.10aeYpyJG gpmtrSw-f 101^2010^uefu Y u G f NDF jzifh a&G;aumufyJG
twGif;w&m;rJhjyKusifhrIUrsm;twGuf w&m;enf;vrf;twdkif; rSefuefpGm
aqmif&u G af y;Edik yf g&efvnf;aumif;
c/ 15.11.10aeYpyJG gpmtrSw-f 102^2010^uefu Y u G fNDF jzifrh &J rkH sm;wGif
rJy;kH ESiq
hf E´jyK&m rJtrSeaf &;jcpf onfae&mrsm; eD;uyfveG jf cif;udk vnf;aumif;
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50
 51
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Munf&h &I ef)

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a&G;aumufyjJG zpfpOfrsm;onf Oya'?enf; Oya'rsm;ESit fh nD aqmif&uG f jcif;
 52
r&So d nfh twGuf a&G;aumufy&JG v'f tm;vH;k 0vufcEH ikd jf cif; r&Sad Mumif;
udrk ;kd ndKNrdKUe,f woD;yk*v
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2010 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmv (9) &uf aeYpjJG zifh OD;cifarmif0if; (jynfov Yl w
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t"duaxmufjyxm;wJh tcsuftvufrsm;rSm- (yl;wGyJ gzdik w f iG f Munh&f ef)
 53

(yJc;l wdik ;f ) Xmeqdik &f mrsm;rS Ncdr;f ajcmuf rJxnhcf ikd ;f jcif;

2010 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmv (12) &uf aeYpjJG zifh trsdK;om; 'Dru dk a&pDtzGYJ OuúXrS
aejynf a wmf j ynf a xmif p k a &G ; aumuf y G J a umf r &S i f O uú X xH v d y f r l u m
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(tus,ftm; wdik Mf um;vTmyl;wGw J iG f tus,fMunhEf ikd yf gw,f)
 54
txufyg Edik if aH &;ygwDrsm;ESihf ud, k pf m;jyK0ifa&muf,OS Nf ydKifco
hJ nfh vTwf
awmfu, kd pf m;vS,rf sm;\ wdik Mf um;csurf sm;? uefu Y u
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 55

reuf(3;30)rSNyD;qH;k aMumif; ußeG ;f awm&yfuu

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 56
('kw, d Adv k rf LS ;BuD; - Nidr;f ) onf rJ&v'fukd oabmwlaMumif; 0ifa&muf
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wGufjcif;r&SdcJhonfhtwGuf a&G;aumufyGJOya' yk'fr - 48 (c) udk
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ESpfBudrfxkwfay;jcif;rSmvnf; wMudrfxufykdí rJay;jcif;ukd usL;vGef
azmufzsufjcif;jzpfonfh twGuf yk'fr - 44 t& tjypf&Sdygonf/
 57
9/ ed*;Hk

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Edik if o
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a&G;aumufyt JG BudKumv? a&G;aumufyaJG eUtNyD;wGif a&G;aumufyJG rormrIrsm;

ESiyhf wfoufonfh BudKwifrJ ay;jcif;qdik &f mudp?ö rufv;kH ay; rJq, G rf ?I rJ0,fjcif;?
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ay;cJo h nf/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;taejzifh rJqE´e,ftcsdKw Y iG f qE´rJ
vma&muf ay;olO;D a& (100) &mckid Ef eI ;f ausmaf ejcif;? a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yjcif;
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rJqE´e,ftrSwf (2) wkw Yd iG f BuHch idk zf NYHG zdK;a&;ygwD (USDP) ud, k pf m;vS,rf sm;
tEdik &f &Sad Mumif; aMunmay;jcif;wku Yd dk jyKvkycf NhJ yD;rS “ jyifqifzwf&yI g&ef ”
[k trSm;jyifqifcsurf sm;ukd xnfo h iG ;f az:jycJo h nf/ a&G;aumufyaJG umfr&Si\ f
rSm;,Gi;f ysufuu G rf sm;udk awG&Y cdS &hJ onf/
 58
urÇmuh v k or*¾wiG f (2010) Ek0d ifbmv (7) &uf jrefrmha&G;aumufyEJG iS hf
ywfoufí uefu Y u G &f wI cf saom tqkw d ifoiG ;f rIudk Ek0d ifbmv (18) &ufaeY
ujyKvky&f m axmufco H l (96) Edik if ?H uefuY uG o f l (28) Ekid if H ESihf Mum;aeol
(60) Edik if jH zpfay:vmrIudk awG&Y &dS onf/ Edik if w H um\ 0kid ;f 0ef;&Iwcf srIrmS
tmPmykid rf sm;\ jynfov l x l q k E´tay: rsuu f , G jf yKwzufowf vkyaf qmif
csufrsm;aMumifh jzpfaMumif;ay:vGio f nf/ (2008) zGpYJ nf;ykt H ajccHOya'
twnfjyK&ef jynfolYqE´cH,lyGJusif;yí jynfolvlxk (92) &mckdifEIef;
ausmfaxmufcH onfqNdk yD; vlxq k E´tm; csdK;azgufapmfum;jcif;aemufquf
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J jzpf (2010) a&G;aumufyw JG iG v
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H m;tcGit hf a&;udk
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axmufjya0zefvu dk of nf/

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rlvtcGit hf a&;ESiw hf m0efrsm; tcef;wGif tajccHvUl tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk twd
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rlvtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk ydwyf ifwm;jrpfxm;onf/ Oyrm - yk'rf (354) wGif
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vnf;aumif;? tyd'k cf JG (c) wGif vufeufrygyJ Nidr;f csrf;pGmpka0;cGi?hf pDwef;
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k or*¾vUl tcGit hf a&;aMujimpmwrf;yg tydk'fcJG (18) ESihf (19) az:
jycsufrsm;jzpfaom rdr\
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 59
xkwaf z:cGi?hf tydk'f(20) azmfjycsufjzpfaom Nidr;f csrf;pGmpka0;cGi?hf pDwef;vSnhf
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h ifzUkd &ef tuefUtowf t[efUtwm;
rsm; &Sad eonfukd awGU&S&d onf/

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tjcm;Edik if aH &; ,HMk unfcsufaMumifh vIy&f mS ;wufMuGorl sm;ud, k w
f ikd f vlUtcGihf
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rSwwf rf;wifjcif; ESihf vlUtcGiu hf muG,jf rSiw hf ifrrI sm;udk BudK;yrf;aqmif&u G af epOf
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