PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

ETIOLOGIES: SECONDARY:
PRIMARY: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Hepatitis
Infection: Pyelonephritis Diabetes Mellitus Malaria
Glomerulopnephritis Allergic Responses Cyanotic Heart Disease
Sickle Cell Anemia Tuberculosis
Anaphylactoid Purpura Infected Vedntriculojugular shunts
Renal Vein Throimbosis Stings/Venoms
Drug Toxicity: TRIMETHADIONE

IgG Level Falls Endothelial lining and basement membranes damaged (Renal Glomeruli Damage) Steroids

Altered Immunity Increase permeability to [plasma CHON / leak of Albumin

HYPERLIPEDEMIA

CHON excreted in urine

Increase serum cholesterol and
Risk for infection related to depression of
immunologic defenses triglyceride level PROTEINURIA Foamy Urine

Stimulates Production of lipoprotein in liver (attempt Reduced serum albumin level

Risk for decreased cardiac output related to fluid
deficit to make for lost protein)
HYPOALBUMINEMIA DIET: high Protein and Low Sodium

Decrease fluid gradient pressure changes /

Monitor Intake and Decrease Urine Output HYPOVOLEMIA Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
decrease colloidal osmotic pressure in capillary related to dietary restrictions as evidenced by a
Output
decreased in food and fluid intake
Production of Antidiuretic Hormone Decrease renal blood flow Decrease GFR Increase hydrostatic pressure
Diuretics

Activates Renin-Angiotensin Fluid level accumulates in interstitial spaces and body cavities Albumin IV Transfusion
System Hypertension Weight Gain
EDEMA Abdomen Ascites
Antihypertensive Drugs
Adrenal Secretion of Aldosterone Eyes Periorbital Edema
Monitor BP Weigh Daily and dietary
Scrotum
Impaired skin integrity restrictions
related to the Increase RBC and Platelet
Vasoconstriction presence of edema as Excess fluid volume related to compromised renal
evidenced by perfusion as evidenced by decreased urine output
Lack of knowledge of the mother Clots Form and edema
reddened or taut skin
Increase absorption of Sodium and
about the disease entity or actual breaks in the
water in distal tubules skin Blood flow slows Acute pain related to presence LEGENDS:
of edema as evidence by Classical Signs
Knowledge deficit regarding condition, prognosis, complaints of pain, and wincing Physiology changes
treatment, self-care, and discharge needs related to Clotting Problem Arise on movement Clinical Manifestations
lack of exposure
Treatment or Nursing
Decrease blood flow to kidneys Interventions
Nursing Diagnoses
End Stage Renal Failure Dialysis