Our Earth

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 What’s inside?
Its impossible to go deep down under to the
Earth center, because it is very hot. Scientist,
use Earthquake waves to study the Earth
contents.
The Earthquake produces P (primary) wave
which is longitudinal and S (secondary) wave
which is transverse. P wave can move through
a solid and liquid, S wave cannot.
From the collected data, the scientist can
analyze and conclude that the Earth has a
solid inner core, and is surrounded by a liquid
outer core. The Earth also has flexible layers
which can move or flow like hot asphalt. This
layer is located on the outer core, and is called
mantel. Above the mantel there is the Earth’s
crust, the layer we live on.
 Apa yang ada di dalam?
Tidak mungkin untuk pergi jauh ke bawah inti
bumi, karena itu sangat panas. Ilmuwan
menggunakan gelombang gempa bumi untuk
memelajari isi bumi .
Gempa bumi menghasilkan gelombang P
(utama) yang longitudinal dan gelombang S
(sekunder) yang transversal. Gelombang P
dapat melalui benda padat dan cair sedangkan
gelombang S tidak.
Dari data yang dikumpulkan, ilmuwan dapat
menganalisa dan menyimpulkan bahwa bumi
memiliki inti dalam yang padat, dan di
kelilingin oleh inti luar yang cair. Bumi juga
memiliki lapisan yang fleksibel yang dapat
berpindah atau mengalir seperti aspal panas.
Lapisan ini terletak pada inti luar, dan disebut
mantel. Di atas mantel ada kerak bumi,
lapisan tempat kita hidup.
 Highland
If you like climbing, you will often see a
highland. It is usually a rocky area which is
uplifted by the force from inside the Earth. A
Highland is different from a lowland because
its surface is higher than those of its
surrounding area.
Example: Dieng Highland, located in Central
Java.
 Dataran Tinggi
Jika kalian suka mendaki, kalian akan sering
melihat sebuah dataran tinggi. Biasanya
daerahnya berbatu yang secara terpaksa
terangkat dari dalam bumi
 Mountain
Unlike the lowland and the highland, a
mountain’s surface is not flat. Its elevation is
much above it surrounding areas, and it look
marvelous if it is seen from its peak.
Example: Mount Jaya Wijaya in Indonesia
Up-wrapped mountain: erosion happens on the
on uplifted area so that it runs out of
sedimentary rocks, and only the igneous and
metamorphic rocks are left. Gradually, the
igneous and metamorphic rocks also undergo
erosion, which yields a sharp peek.
Fault-block mountains : a learning giant rock
was separated from its surrounding rocks
after undergoing a crack. A part of the crack
was uplifted and the rest was pushed down.
 How was igneous rock formed?
Magma is thick and hot liquid which exists under
the crust. Magma which flows on the Earth’s
surface is called lava. Magma which is solidified
in a volcano’s vent forms igneous rocks. Magma
which cools under the Earth’s crust forms inner
igneous rocks.
Example : Granite
Lava which cools on the earth’s surface form outer
igneous rock.
Examples: Basalt and Obsidian.
Granite’s crystals are bigger than those of basalt,
because granite cools more slowly.
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Beside the magma and lava solidizing, and the corrosion
producing mingled sediment, there is another process
which yields new rock forms. This process is called
metamorphosis (meta means change and morphe
means form). The rock yielded through this process =
metamorphic rock.
The two factors which cause the formation of
metamorphic rock and temperature and pressure.
Examples : marble, slate, and many kinds of gemstones
 How does a rock cycle happen?
Rock on the Earth always change. The changes influenced
by water, wind, glacier, gravity, heat, and pressure.
Such influences cause a process called rock-cycled.
Igneous rock undergoes corrosion and erosion that yield
sediment. United sediment will form sedimentary rock.
If igneous rock get high temperature and pressure,
igneous will change into metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks which are in contact with hot
magma will met to be magma. When volcano eruption
happen, magma from the volcano spills out, cools into
igneous rocks again, and soon, and the process start
again from the beginning. This whole process is called
rock-cycled.