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bAùkv\XkkvbAùmAùkv make it strange @ Uk¤TMAùkv ¢kSknlTkAù

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CkTkr bklAùTG lAù !
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^Zk^kckl@Aù ^ZkkBZkk\kv HkTYkk.Aùkv XklTkTG b^kFkkl\kP \kvBkTk‹ kTk ¢Ikw HkTYkk.Aùkv ckv\kk Q
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cnTk~ lAùTklAù TkvUk\km UkLAù ¢IkwUlTk Aùl^kPkYkk ¢Qkrä l^kFkk@ä bkk@ @ lTkRvr#k BkkvHRGTk~; cmTkPkWkkvSk @ TkAù@k’YkAùPk ’ZkkCkv@ b^kklXkYkkTk @ Ck^kkrTknXkolPAùk TkZkkf ¢k’YkWkkvSk HkkCkvYkkÇk TkZkkf
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¢Wk TkWkT\kk UlTk‹ Aùl^kPk\kv ‘AvAvù XkTRwG’-UlÙ ^ZkkBZkk PkTGTk~ ¢lSkAùP@ bkYkmdkAùcê bQkkUTkkWkkK Wk†JFkP ckYk|kv bkkYknRklZkAù Ykn\Zk\kv .¤Kk ÉkBk@ä KM~Aùk@kv @ bkC\kkv ¤U†bQklPAùkv
Aùbk@m XkTRwG’- lXkÇkAùk l^kXkk^kklR BkkvP\Tk ¢XZkbP #kWRk^k\kmAùk ¢k\kkvFkTkk-
UlTk‹ ‘Aùbk@m #kE~BkDkkvak CkTkrUk^kkvbk~-Aùkv lbkHkrTkk’YkAù Fkvìk Tkw ¢WkAùk ApùlPcêlP@ RvBkkURwrG‹ Aùk†^ZkAù
^ZkkZkkYk ¢UnCk RvBkkUGr‹ ¢lXk^Zk†‘PYkk Zkkv ¤Åk@¤UlTk^kv#k^kkRmHkbPkv bknlTkTkv b^k@ bUì WkHRwG‹ ZkcmfWkkK UbTkbk‘Gä
l^kFk\kTk/1
# l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk/ 2
# l^kFk\kTk
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XkTkvAw ¢klBk@ l^kMYWkTkk’YkAù ¢lXk^kplÅk ckv‹ ¢kwUFkkl@Aù ¢kXkk (¢t@k) FZkklPTG‹ ¢†TPYk’^k cnTkvGwTk‹ Aùl^kPk bkfSkw ¢Ikw XkÆkbklAùTkvä
Q \kvBTk @ QkÊkbklAùTkvCk@m QkTAùk£TGTk~‹ ’Zkcm lWkTRnWkkK ¢Aùkr ApùlPAùk@\kv Qk¶Rw\kkTkvGTk~‹
XkkakkYkklQk Wk\kP~ ¢Qkr QkkvÊkv AùkYk TkCk@v@ä XkkakklXkÇk \knAùv Aùkv Aùk†^ZkAùPk Q
BkkvP\Tkv ÉkZkkbk Tkw ¢WkAùkv l^kFk\kTk ckv‹ù bkklc’ZkYkk Skv@w ‘ZkkTkTk~cê WklTk.‹ä Skv@w Xk†’Aù.‹ †bQk@Pk Aùbkw\kk£r
Q YkTkU@vTk‹ ¢@kHkAùPk BkkvHkv‹ ÉkZkkvCk#km\kPk UG~Zkk¤TknU%Zkkv‹ £l\kZkK\kv \kkBkvbk~ Ck@vAùk GTk~-
cv@kv\M W\koYk YkkTGTk~ä Aùl^kPk\kv AnùTkw l^kakZkWkk@v Wkkv\RwTkä ¢kVwúWkk@v ‘bkkfFkkv b^kPTÇkPk bkfSkw ApùlÇkYk Ul@bkmYkkAùkv UpíXkolYkYkk YkkÇk b^kklR\kkv cnTG‹’ ckYkm £YkbkrTk\kk£r
UlTk Wkkv\RwTk‹ ‘They are necessarily about other poems; a poem ZkkR CkGkw‰ ¢lTk XkTGky- ‘lAùTk ckYkm Wk|ñkOMlbkPAùkv Ykkwl\kAù bkYWkTSkYkk ¢kTkTR TkYkTkk¢kwg‹’
is a response to a poem, as a poet is a response to a poet, HkMjk@w m CkcTkkcê lYk\Aùk.@ TkkE*kv WkTkky ^kk lbkHkrTkkAùk Tk^Zk-¢\kE~Aùk@\kv
or a person to his parent.’ ¤Tk\kk£r \kkCGä l^kl\kZkYk Aùk\kkvrbk~ l^kl\kZkYbk~ bklHkTk bkWk\k Uk£\kkcê ¢lDk bkk@ky‹ Hkv Ck@ky l^kFk\kTk Ck@ky‹
lAùK~bk^kkRm Aùl^k TkLklTk. UlTk ZkQkkQkrYkk Aùk\kkvrbk~lXkÇk lAùK~bkmZk Ék^kplP\kk£r ¢E*mAùk@ @ QQQ
FknTkkwPm CkTkvr \kvBkTk G‹ W\koYkAùk Éklbká PAùTkmlAù ^ZkkBZkk G- ‘To live, the poet
must misinterpret the father, by the crucial act of misprision, HkZk ‘‘Zkk‘Kbk
‘Zkk‘Kbk
‘Zkk‘Kbk’
which is the re-writing of the father’‹
lCk@mä ^k\\kXkä Aùk£f\kkä C^kk£Tkä AùkfNkj ä CknYkkTklbkgc FkkYkl\kEä ¢l^kTkk#k
l^kFk\kTk-lbkP
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UlTk) ¢lDkAùk Aùl^kPkcêlbkP Aùbk@m çTçk’YkAù PkRk’YZkPk bQkklUP Ck@vAùkv Gä ’Zkkv ¢SZkZkTk YklbkP cvl@Rv¥ - ÉkQkYkU\K:
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l^kFk\kTk/3
# l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk/ 4
# l^kFk\kTk
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l^kFk\kTk/ 5
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# l^kFk\kTk
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# l^kFk\kTk
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‘l^kFk\kTk’-Ykk \kvlBk.Aùkv G -‘l^kFk\kTk ¢lXkZkkTk bkclTkYkkrOkä bkc^kkÅkkrä bkc-
¢TknXkolP @ bkc-\kvBkTkYkk ¢kSkkl@P’‹ Zkbk\kv bUì Ck@k.Aùkv Gä \kvBkAùAùkv YknBZk XkolYkAùk\kk£r Ikk@v@
UkLAùlbkP ck@kck@mYkk @kBTkv ÉkZkkbk Ckl@.Aùkv G‹ \kvBkAùAùkv ÉkYknBkPk AùkZkYk Tk@cTkv Zkkv ApùlPYkk‹
ApùlPYkk \kvBkAù @ UkLAùAùkv Wk@kWk@ cAù @cTkv‹ \kvBkTkYkk \kvBkAùAùkv l^kl#kìPkPVúr\kk£r Tk@kBkm ¢kYk
YkkTGvAùkv bP@Ykk @klBkTkv‹
l^kFk\kTk-\kvBkTk ¢@kvYkkTbkv\km \kvBkTk XklTk.Aùkv G‹ ¢@kvYkkTbkv\kmcêYkk ÉkBZkkP GTk~
KmŒ .bkŒ £l\kZkK‹ ’Zkbkkv ckv XkTkv l^kFk\kTkAùkv \kvBkTkYkk Aù\UTkkAùkv ¤MjkTk AùYk cnTkvG @ Hkm^kTkAùk
Yko\kXkoP WknlTkZkkRm bkYkbZkkÉklP ¢lSkAù bkFkvP @cTkvGTk~‹ ’Zkbkw\kv ckv\kk l^kFk\kTk-\kvBkTkYkk \kvBkAùä
UkLAù @ \kvBkAù @ \kvBkAù @ UkLAùRvlBk Wkklc@ .¤Kk ¢kYk YkkTGv .AwùbkkQk RvBkk£Tkv Ckl@.Aùkv
Uk£TG‹ Aùl^kPkYkk ZkbkÉkAùk@Aùkv ÉkZkkvCk Tkkw\kkv Tkw XkTTkbklAùTG‹ cnTkP Zkkv Ykk‘bkr^kkRm ¢^kSkk@OkklXkÇk
UTkvr .Aù #kkBkk ckv‹
TkXkTRw l^kFk\kTk-Aùl^kcêAùkv bk^kkrlSkAù ¢kAùakrOk Aùl^kPkÉklPAùkv ¢CkkSk ¢kbQkk @
¢k£Œ .Œ l@FkM~bkrAùkv YkkTZkPk Aùl^kPk 'it is perfectly possible means of overcoming
chaos' XkTkv Iky @cvAùkv RvlBkTG‹
ZkbkAùkv LmAù l^kU@mPYkk @cvAùkv Gä lQkZkkvHkv@ .MkvTkkvrAùkv 'Negative Dialectics'‹
.MkvTkkvr Holocaust-Aùkv bYk@Ok Ck@k¤fRw XkTGä TkkHkmcê\kv ZkcoRmcêAùkv Tk@bkgck@ Ck@vä ’ZkbkUlG
Avù YkkTk^kPk bkYXk^k G @ ? CZkkbk-FZkkYWk@lXkÇk cHkk@kyAùkv bkE~BZkkYkk Avù Tkk@mä Avù Unêakä Avù ^kpáä
Avù Wkk\kAù bkWkw\kk£r .Awù Lk¤f QknTkv@ lPTkmcêAùkv c’Zkk Ckl@.‹ Ykp’ZknAùkv XkZk\kv ¢kPlEœP Pm
ZkcoRmcêAùkv lFkFZkkcK\kk£r RWkk¤Tk Lo\kkv ¢k^kkHkYkk bkE~CkmP WkHkk£lRTQkv’@v‹ ’ZklPWkv\kk bkE*mP
UlTk Tk@bkgck@Aùkv clPZkk@ WkTkvAùkv lQkZkkv‹ .MkvTkkvr WkPk¤fGTk~ -YkkTk^kHkklP\kv ¢Wk bkYk^kvRTkkAùkv c’Zkk
Ckl@bkAvùAùkv G‹ bkY^kvRTkk Tk@cvUlG Aùl^kPk bkYXk^k GwTk‹ ¢Wk Aùl^kPkAùkv Ykp’Zkn Xk£bkAvùAùkv G‹
ZkálU Aùl^kPk \kvlBk@cv‹ P@ Zkkv ckv\kkvAùbK-¤Åk@ Aùl^kPk ¢lDkAùk Aùl^kPkHkbPk
TkXk.@ Kk\kvAùkv HkbPkv (pastiche)ä Aùkv\kkHk HkbPkvä l^k#kpE~Bkl\kP RvlBkTkQkk\Zkkv‹ ZkbkÉkAùk@Aùkv
Aùl^kPk \kvBTkv .Aù bkYkoc lQkZkkv Hkbk\kk£r L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E poets XklTkZkkv‹ lZkTkw
Aùl^kcêAùk Aùl^kPkWkkK ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù Aùl^kPk\kvBkTkAùkv bknÇkUkP XkZkkv‹
l^kFk\kTk/21
# l^kFk\kTk
‘l^kFk\kTk’-Ykk ‘YkosPXkJHkTkä élNXkJHkTkä ¢P: TkZkkf ÉklPYkkbQkkUTk’ (MktŒ DkTk#ZkkYk
TkvUk\k) CkTkvr ÉkZkkbk RvlBkTG‹ ¤Rkck@OkkQkr -‘bkk\kkcê’ä ‘ÇkkbkRm ÇkkbkRm ÇkkbkRm’ä ‘bkk£Wk@-
‘ZkkVvúYkk .Aù\k^Zk’ä ‘MkZkbUkv@k’ä ‘cl@#FkTæ(cê)’ä ‘GwKky UkOM^k’ä ‘YkkGkAùkv Ykkv\k’ ¢klR
Aùl^kPkcê\kk£r cvTkrbklAùTkvG‹ Skv@w ¢QkrYkk Zkm Aùl^kPkcê lXkTTk GTk~ ¢lDkAùk Aùl^kPkcêXkTRk‹
Zkbkw\kv TkvUk\km Aùl^kPk\kv ¢Wk ¢Aùkvr BknM~lAù\kk Uk@ Ck@vAùkv bUì RvBkk.Aùkv G‹ Zkm Aùl^kPkcêYkk
lTksYkP Xkkakk WkvC\kw GTk~‹
l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv Zkbk ÉkZkkbk\kk£r ckYkm Uk#Fkk’Zk bkklc’ZkAùkv RkRk^kkR @ ¢lPZkQkkQkr^kkR
(dadaism and surrealism)-bkfCk Pn\kTkk CkTkr ÉkkbklE*Aù LkTGky‹ RkRk @ ¢lPZkQkkQkr^kkRm
¢lXkZkkTk \kvBkTk ¢^kkf-CkkRvr lQk. XkTkv l^kFk\kTk UlTk ¢^kkf-CkkRvr (Avant- Garde) \kvBkTk Tkw
lbká cnfRG‹
¤Ä^k\kä bknSkm@ @ HkZkAùk Aùl^kPkcê bkYkAùk\kmTk ZknCk @ bkYkkHkÉklP ^ZkE~CZk GTk~ XkTkv
bkkYkklHkAù XkkCkmRk@m @ RklZk’^kAùkv WkkvSk UlTk @cvAùkv RvlBkTG‹ Zkcm Anù@k bknSkm@\kv \kvBkvAùk GTk~ -
‘bkklc’ZkAùk@cê Avù^k\k \kvBTkv YkkTGvYkkÇk P ckv£TkTk~‹ Aùlc\kv Hkn\knbkYkk XkvlKTGä Aùlc\kv cMjPk\kYkkä
Aùlc\kv SkTkkrYkkä Aùlc\kv bkkE*LlTkAù bkXkkcêYkk‹’
LmAù Zkcm Skk@Okk @kBRQkv RkRk^kkRmcê\kvä Aù\kk\kk£r Hkm^kTkWkkK lTkbUpc @kBTkv
¢^kSkk@OkkWkkK bk#klEœP lQk. ¤Tkmcê‹ Hkm^kTkAùkv ¢TknXkolP-U@mdkOk UdkYkk lQk.‹ bkYkAùk\kmTk
Hkm^kTk @ HkCkPAùkv ¢bkVú\kPk @ Tkw@k#ZkÉklP PmWk| l^k@kvSk HkTkk.Aùk lQk.‹ TkXkTRw ‘l^kFk\kTkbkYkoc’-
\kv XkTkv Zkkv PmWk|PkAùkv ‘¢lP^kkR’-\kk£r b^kmAùk@vAùkv RvlBkÆk‹ RkRk^kkR XkTkv Xk’bkrTkkUoOkr \kvBkTkYkk
UlG URwrTklQk.‹
RkRk^kkR @ ¢lPZkQkkQkr^kkRAùk ÉkYknBk Ék^kÅkrAùYkSZkv .Aù ¢kTæv l^k|Pkx\kv 1920-Ykk
lUAùkl^kZkkAùkv Cannibal Manifesto UNj@v bknTkk.Aùk lQk.‹
'What are you doing here, planted on your backsides like a
load of serious mugs..... you are serious people, you smell worse
than cowdung
DADA, as for it, it smells for nothing, it is nothing, nothing,
nothing.
It is like your hopes: nothing / like your heaven: nothing.....
Like your politicians: nothing....? like your artists, nothing.....'
RkRk^kkRmcê XkkakkÉklP ¤lÅkAwù bkHkCk lQk. @ BkWk@UlÇkAùkYkk bkg^kkRRkPkcê\kv ÉkZkkvCk
l^kFk\kTk/22
# l^kFk\kTk
Ck@vAùk Xkkakk\kk£r XkkakkAùkv RnaÉkZkkvCk YkkTRQkv‹ HkYkrTk Rk#krlTkAù lTk’bkv\kv Xkkakk\kk£r 'mobile army
of metaphors' XkTkvAùk lQk.‹ RkRk^kkRmcê UlTk XkkakkAùkv bkYÉkvakOkdkYkPkÉklP bkglRCSk RvlBkTQkv‹
Zkbkw\kv lPTkmcê phonetical Aùl^kPkcê \kvBQkv‹
RkRk^kkRAùkv l^kU@mP l^kFk\kTk bkYkoc\kv XkTkv XkkakkAùkv ¢kZkkYk\kk£r ^kplá Ck@v@ bkYkAùk\kmTk
Fk\Pm #kWRcêAùkv ÉkZkkvCkYkk ¤<Yk @cvAùk GTk~‹
l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk-Ykk U@vAùk Aùl^kPkcê ¢lDk Tkw XklTk.Aùkv G ¢^kkf-CkkRvr GTk~ä XkTkv ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù
UlTk GTk~‹ Uv†#KFkä UnTk\kvrBkTkä YkosPXkJHkTkä ¢klRYkPkä ¢kSknlTkAùPk bkWkw RvlBkTGTk~‹ ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù
\kvBkTkYkk UkvTkkvrCk|klVúAù \kvBkTk UlTk RvlBkTG XkTkv Zkckf UlTk Avùcm Aùl^kPkcê UkvTkkvrCk|klVúAù GTk~‹
bkYkCk|Ykk cvRkr l^kFk\kTk\kv Skv@w Udk .AwùFkkvlK bkYck\Tk UnCkvAùkv XkkTk cnTG‹ Aù\kk\kk£r
Hkm^kTk^kkRm WkTkk¤Tk FkkcTGTk~ XkTkv ¢AùkvrlP@ l#k\U\kk£r ¤lÅkAwù Ykc’^k lR£.Aùkv WknlIkTG‹ bkWk¢\KTkr
¢^kSkk@Okk UlTk WkkvAvùAwù G Zkbk\kv‹ lAùTkk@mApùPä ¢^kcvl\kP CkkvBkkr ¢†bYkPk\kk£r Zkbk\kv GnTkv ÉkZkkbk
Ck@vAùkv G‹ ¤Åk@-¢kwUlTk^kvl#kAù lbkákTP UlTk bkYkvKvAùkv G‹ TkvUk\km UkLAù\kk£r Aùl^kPklÉkZk
WkTkk¤Tkv @ UkLAù-bkE~BZkk WkNjk¤Tkv HkYkAùkvr Ckl@.Aùkv G‹ P@ Aù\kkAùkv ¤RkÅkPkAùkv YkZkkrRk @cTkn
¢k^k#ZkAù G‹ Aùl^kPkAùkv l^kakZk^kbPn UlG Ck.@ bkYkZkAùkv ¢TP@k\kUlG bkkTRsXkAù Tk@c\kk P@
’ZkbkWkv\kk UlTk Zkm Aùl^kPk UlNjTk\kk£r ZkbkAùkv Aù\kkUdk Rló\kkv @cTk ¢k^k#ZkAù G‹ YkSZkZknCkmTk
Zko@kvUAùkv ¢TSkAùk@YkZk Aùk\kYkk ’Zkcm ZknCk\kk£r ÉklPlTklSk’^k CkRwr \kvlBk.Aùkv RkgPvAùkv Aùk^Zk Divine
Inferno P@ ¢lc\kvAùkv ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù ZknCkAùk UkLAù\kk£r ¤lÅkAwù ¢kTkTR lR\kk¤Tkv dkYkPk @kBRG‹
Zkbkkv cnTkbkAvùAùkv ZkbkAùkv Xkkakk @ Aù\kk\kv Tkw ckv‹ bk@\kPkä ULTkmZkPk @ †‘\kìPk UkLAùkv Aùbkm
TkXk.@ #kw\kmAùkv ÉkR#krTk YkkÇk ckv‹ HkvYbk HkkvZkbkAùkv Zknl\kbkbk ¢lP AùlLTk UkL ckv P@ lWk#kky
#kPkWRmAùkv bk^krÌkví ¤UTZkkbk Zkcm YkklTkTG‹
l^kFk\kTk-
l^kFk\kTk-Ykk U@vAùk Avùcm Aùl^kPkcê \kZk @ CkmP (lyrical) -Ykk ¢kbQkk^kkTk RvlBkTGTk~‹
Zkkv Aùl^kPkÉklPAùkv Uk@YUl@Aù ÉkXkk^k\kv CkRkr ckv‹ Zkkv UlTk .AùÉkAùk@\kv Aùl^k cnTknAùkv cwAùYk^kkR Tkw
ckv‹ Aùl^kAùkv YkosPXkJHkTk TkXk.@ YkosPbQkkUTkk XkZkkv - .¤Kk YkosP PkvMjv@ ¢Aùkvr bQkkUTkk Ck@v Iky YkkÇk‹
cnTknUTkvr Fkklcf YkosP Tkw TkcnTkn ckv‹ Aùl^k lTkBkkvHk @cTknUGr‹ UkLAùAùkv #kkbkTkAùk\kYkk Aùl^k @kHkk Xk.@
¢k¤TknXk.Tk‹
\kvBkTk bkWkw UnTk\kvBr kTkYkkÇk Xk.UlG Ykkwl\kAùPkAùkv Ék#Tk ¤LvTk‹ P@ UnTk\kvBr kTk RvlBkTknU%Zkkv‹
¶\kvlCkZkkl@HYk cnTknUGr Aù\kk’YkAù NE*Ykk‹ l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk-Aùk Skv@w Aùl^kPkcêYkk bkYkbkkYklZkAù Ykn+kcê @
HkkPmZk Ék#Tk bk#k‘PPkAùk bkkQk ¤Lk£.Aùk GTk~‹ P@ Pm bkWkw BkWk@AùkCkPYkk ¢kSkkl@P ^kkbPl^kAù
†bQklPWkkK Tk@cv@ Aùl^kAùkv ¢TknXkolPHkTZkYkkÇk GTk~‹
¤Ä^k\kä bknSkm@ @ HkZkAùk Aùl^kPkcê\kv ¢kXkkbk lR\kk¤fRGä ¢Wk TkvUk\km Aùl^kPk\kv
Aùkv\Kv Vvú@vAùkv G‹ .¤Kk l^kXkkHkTk lbkHkrTkk CkTkr bkVú\k @cvAùkv G - Uo^krAùk Aùl^kPkcê @
l^kFk\kTkAùk\kAùk Aùl^kPkcêYkk‹ Zkkv Tkw ZkbkAùkv YkcP~ ¤U\k†WSk ckv‹
QQQ
lFkÚm
¶Zkk@k l^kFk\kTk Xkk£cêä
PUk£‰cêAùkv ck\kBkWk@ HkkÆkUk.@ ¢kTk†TRP Gn‹ l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv ÉkklÈkbkoFkTkk bkYkZkYkk
lRTk bklAùTkf Aùk@Ok Yk ^ZkbP lQk.f ¢lTk Dk@RvlBk Wkklc@ lQk.f‹ ¢lc\kvDkl@ l^kFk\kTk UlNj@cvGn‹
bkYkk\kkvFkTkkAùkv Ykv@kv Tk^kmTkPYk @ ^kpcP~ ApùlP ¤Åk@¢kSknlTkAù l^kYk#kr ÉkAùkl#kP Xk.Aùkv
G‹ ZkbkYkk 680 XkTRk ¢lSkAù Upícê GTk~‹ 6 ^kKk Yko\k l^kakZk^kbPnYkklQk HkYYkk 54 ^kKk
@FkTkkcê bkYkkl^kì Ckl@.Aùk GTk~‹ lbkákTP @ bkYkk\kkvFkTkk Rn^kw bkYkk^kv#k Xk.Aùk Zkbk ApùlPYkk
lTkYTkl\klBkP l^kakZk^kbPnYkklQk Yko\kêUYkk FkFkkr Ck@vAùkv Gn :
!bkk£Wk@ @ bkklc’Zk
!£AùkvlÓùlKlbkHYk @ bkklc’Zk
!Zkná @ bkklc’Zk
!MkZkbUkv@k @ bkklc’Zk
!¢Tkn^kkR @ bkklc’Zk
!bkklc’ZkAùk TkZkkf BknMjlAù\kkcê
!l^k#^k-¤UTZkkbkAùk Ykc’^kUoOkr YkkvMcê
l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv PvÏkkv ¢E~AùYkk ÉkAùkl#kP Ykv@kv @FkTkk\kk£r Avùcm Ul@^ksPP êUYkk Zkbk
ApùlPlXkÇk @kBkvAùkv Gn‹ XkBkr@w ÉkAùkl#kP l^kTR~Zkk bknWWkkAùkv bkgbYk@Ok-bkE~Ck|cYkklQk .¤Kk @FkTkk G‹
l^kFk\kTk-Aùkv FkkwQkkv ¢E~AùYkk bknSkm@Aùkv ÉkbPk^kTkkWkkK ÉkXkkl^kP WkTkvAùkv Gn‹ ^kwFkkl@Aù PkHkkUTkk
¢lTk bkYkAùk\kmTk bkklc’ZkAùkv ¢SZkZkTk\kv ¤Tk\kk£r U@YU@kRvlBk ¢\kCk RvBkk.Aùkv G‹
#knXkAùkYkTkkcê‹
Q MktŒ Ckkvl^kTR@kHk XkÙ@k£r

l^kFk\kTk/23
# l^kFk\kTk l^kFk\kTk/24
# l^kFk\kTk
 l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk-\kv ckYkm\kk£r poetic sense lR.Aùkv Gä poetic sense
. . .l^kFk\kTk
TkXk.Aùkcê\kv #kkZkR l^kFk\kTk-\kk£r Avù Avù XkT\kkTk~ P@ Yk W.H.Hudson -\kk£r ¤R~SkpP
CkTkrFkkcTGn :

To those who are born without any poetic sense at all, it is of

course, as futile to talk about the beauty and meaning of poetry as it is to
talk about the beauty and music to those who born without a musical ear.

l^kFk\kTk-\kv Aùl^kPkAùkv bkkwTRZkr bkY^kárTk Ck@vAùkv G @ ckYk|k AùkTk-AùkTkYkk Aùl^kPkAùkv

SkoTk Xkl@lR.Aùkv G‹
Q R\kzbkc ‘¢Av ¢Avù\kk
\kk’ä RksHkl\kE‹

# l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/ # l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/
# l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/ # l^kFk\kTk
l^kFk\kTk/